{"pageNumber":"3112","pageRowStart":"77775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184850,"records":[{"id":70022776,"text":"70022776 - 2001 - Biogeochemistry of a treeline watershed, northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T16:48:06.913404","indexId":"70022776","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemistry of a treeline watershed, northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Since 1950, mean annual temperatures in northwestern Alaska have increased. Change in forest floor and soil temperature or moisture could alter N mineralization rates, production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and organic nitrogen (DON), and their export to the aquatic ecosystem. In 1990, we began study of nutrient cycles in the 800-ha Asik watershed, located at treeline in the Noatak National Preserve, northwestern Alaska. This paper summarizes relationships between topographic aspect, soil temperature and moisture, inorganic and organic N pools, C pools, CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;efflux, growing season net N mineralization rates, and stream water chemistry. Forest floor (O2) C/N ratios, C pools, temperature, and moisture were greater on south aspects. More rapid melt of the soil active layer (zone of annual freeze–thaw) and permafrost accounted for the higher moisture. The O2 C and N content were correlated with moisture, inorganic N pools, CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;efflux, and inversely with temperature. Inorganic N pools were correlated with temperature and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;efflux. Net N mineralization rates were positive in early summer, and correlated with O2 moisture, temperature, and C and N pools. Net nitrification rates were inversely correlated with moisture, total C and N. The CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;efflux increased with temperature and moisture, and was greater on south aspects. Stream ion concentrations declined and DOC increased with discharge. Stream inorganic nitrogen (DIN) output exceeded input by 70%. Alpine stream water nitrate (NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>) and DOC concentrations indicated substantial contributions to the watershed DIN and DOC budgets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq2001.1990","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., 2001, Biogeochemistry of a treeline watershed, northwestern Alaska: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1990-1998, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.1990.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1990","endPage":"1998","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Asik watershed, Noatak National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            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,{"id":70023702,"text":"70023702 - 2001 - Trace metal concentrations in shallow ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:07:20","indexId":"70023702","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metal concentrations in shallow ground water","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Trace metal clean sampling and analysis techniques were used to examine the temporal patterns of Hg, Cu, and Zn concentrations in shallow ground water, and the relationships between metal concentrations in ground water and in a hydrologically connected river. Hg, Cu, and Zn concentrations in ground water ranged from 0.07 to 4.6 ng L<sup>−1</sup>, 0.07 to 3.10 μg L<sup>−1</sup>, and 0.17 to 2.18 μg L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. There was no apparent seasonal pattern in any of the metal concentrations. Filtrable Hg, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the North Branch of the Milwaukee River ranged from below the detection limit to 2.65 ng Hg L<sup>−1</sup>,0.51 to 4.30 μg Cu L<sup>−1</sup>, and 0.34 to 2.33 μg Zn L<sup>−1</sup>. Thus, metal concentrations in ground water were sufficiently high to account for a substantial fraction of the filtrable trace metal concentration in the river. Metal concentrations in the soil ranged from 8 to 86 ng Hg g<sup>−1</sup>, 10 to 39 μg Cu g<sup>−1</sup>, and 15 to 84 μg Zn g<sup>−1</sup>. Distribution coefficients, K<sub>D</sub>, in the aquifer were 7900,22,000, and 23,000 L kg<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for Hg, Cu, and Zn, respectively. These values were three to 40 times smaller than K<sub>D</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values observed in the Milwaukee River for suspended particulate matter.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02336.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Zelewski, L., Krabbenhoft, D., and Armstrong, D., 2001, Trace metal concentrations in shallow ground water: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 4, p. 485-491, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02336.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"491","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb66de4b08c986b326c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelewski, L.M.","contributorId":27641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelewski","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, D.E.","contributorId":75278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023701,"text":"70023701 - 2001 - Early post-fire succession in California chaparral: Changes in diversity, density, cover and biomass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023701","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1461,"text":"Ecological Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early post-fire succession in California chaparral: Changes in diversity, density, cover and biomass","docAbstract":"For four consecutive years, following the fires in November 1993, temporal variations in species richness, cover and biomass of component plant groups in early post-fire chaparral succession were monitored on different aspects at the Stunt Ranch Santa Monica Mountains Reserve, southern California. Plant groups were categorized based on growth form, life form, ability to fix nitrogen, geographic origin and regeneration strategies. North-facing slopes exhibited higher species richness, higher species turnover rate over time and faster vegetation recovery in terms of biomass accumulation and return to pre-fire species composition. This was probably due to higher species richness and biomass of nitrogen-fixing species found on north-facing slopes in comparison to south-facing slopes. On both north- and south-facing slopes, annuals had the highest species turnover rate, followed by herbaceous perennials and shrubs. In the first four post-fire years, annual species were the largest floristic group, but herbaceous perennials and shrubs were the major contributors to community biomass. Nitrogen-fixing species and exotics contributed significantly to early post-fire community structure. Although the general trends in post-fire succession are clear in terms of temporal changes in the relative proportions of different plant groups, environmental variation and the nature of plant life histories of component species, especially dominant species, could alter such trends significantly.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1440-1703.2001.00410.x","issn":"09123814","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., 2001, Early post-fire succession in California chaparral: Changes in diversity, density, cover and biomass: Ecological Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 471-485, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.2001.00410.x.","startPage":"471","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207505,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.2001.00410.x"},{"id":232504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a048fe4b0c8380cd50a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023678,"text":"70023678 - 2001 - Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:44:50","indexId":"70023678","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent studies have proposed contrasting models for the plumbing system that fed the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska. Here, we investigate the conditions under which the rhyolitic part of the erupted magma last resided in the crust prior to eruption. Geothermometry suggests that the rhyolite was held at ∼800-850 °C, and analyses of melt inclusions suggest that it was fluid saturated and contained ∼4 wt% water. Hydrothermal, water-saturated experiments on rhyolite pumice reveal that at those temperatures the rhyolite was stable between 40 and 100 MPa, or a depth of 1.8-4.4 km. These results suggest that pre-eruptive storage and crystal growth of the rhyolite were shallow; if the rhyolite ascended from greater depths, it did so slowly enough for unzoned phenocrysts to grow as it passed through the shallow crust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA Publications","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0775:SSCFTR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., and Gardner, J.E., 2001, Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska: Geology, v. 29, no. 9, p. 775-778, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0775:SSCFTR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Novarupta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.58425903320312,\n              58.12867056810893\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.81658935546875,\n              58.12867056810893\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.81658935546875,\n              58.42329156394648\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58425903320312,\n              58.42329156394648\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58425903320312,\n              58.12867056810893\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e48e4b08c986b31884a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James E.","contributorId":43243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022752,"text":"70022752 - 2001 - Ten years after the crime: Lasting effects of damage from a cruise ship anchor on a coral reef in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T11:38:55","indexId":"70022752","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ten years after the crime: Lasting effects of damage from a cruise ship anchor on a coral reef in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"<p>In October 1988, a cruise ship dropped its anchor on a coral reef in Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, creating a distinct scar roughly 128 m long and 3 m wide from a depth of 22 m to a depth of 6 m. The anchor pulverized coral colonies and smashed part of the reef framework. In April 1991, nine permanent quadrats (1 m2) were established inside the scar over a depth range of 9 m to 12.5 m. At that time, average coral cover inside the scar was less than 1%. These quadrats were surveyed again in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1998. Recruits of 19 coral species have been observed, with Agaricia agaricites and Porites spp. the most abundant. Quadrats surveyed outside the scar in June 1994 over the same depth range had a higher percent coral cover (mean = 7.4%, SD = 4.5) and greater average size (maximum length) of coral colonies than in quadrats inside the damaged area. Although coral recruits settle into the scar in high densities, live coral cover has not increased significantly in the last 10 yrs, reflecting poor survival and growth of newly settled corals. The relatively planar aspect of the scar may increase the vulnerability of the recruits to abrasion and mortality from shifting sediments. Ten years after the anchor damage occurred, live coral cover in the still-visible scar (mean = 2.6%, SD = 2.7) remains well below the cover found in the adjacent, undamaged reef.</p>","language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Rogers, C., and Garrison, V., 2001, Ten years after the crime: Lasting effects of damage from a cruise ship anchor on a coral reef in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 69, no. 2, p. 793-803.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"803","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba538e4b08c986b3208cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, C.S. 0000-0001-9056-6961","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":37274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023677,"text":"70023677 - 2001 - Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023677","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998","docAbstract":"Temporal wet-season trends from 1987 to 1998 of total N and total P concentrations (TN and TP, respectively) in 14 tributaries to the Swan-Canning Estuary in Western Australia were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall or Seasonal kendall tests. Six of the catchments drained clay soils primarily on the Darling Plateau, which borders the sandy coastal plain on the east; two rural catchments drained the coastal plain; and six urban catchments drained the coastal plain. Generally, TN and TP were lower in tributaries draining clay soils than in tributaries draining siliceous sandy soils. Annual median TN and TP were relatively constant and no trends were detected in tributaries draining clay soils. TN and TP were higher (median TN = 1.6 and TP = 0.1 mg 1-1) and more variable temporally in tributaries draining the coastal plain. Statistically significant (?? < 0.01) TN trends were detected in 50% of the urban coastal plain tributaries and most were decreasing (-0.07 to +0.53 mg 1-1 year-1). Decreasing TP trends were detected at the two rural coastal plain tributaries and two of the urban drains (-0.01 to 0.15 mg 1-1 year-1 over periods from 5 to 12 years). Flow adjustment of TN and TP was responsible for removing trends in the raw data at some sites. The inter-annual variability of TN and TP of coastal plain tributaries was also related to the proximity of the water table to the land surface, which in turn was related to the annual precipitation. Fixed-interval sampling may be able to detect TN and TP changes associated with the implementation of management strategies in sandy coastal plain catchments. Tributary sampling during rainstorms and continuous monitoring of discharge are needed to better define processes controlling nutrient flux and concentration variability, and to detect trends in the urban catchments and the clay soil catchments, primarily those draining the Darling Plateau. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.300","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Donohue, R., Davidson, W., Peters, N., Nelson, S., and Jakowyna, B., 2001, Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 13, p. 2411-2434, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.300.","startPage":"2411","endPage":"2434","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.300"},{"id":232145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb816e4b08c986b32767b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donohue, R.","contributorId":20925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohue","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, W.A.","contributorId":107065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, S.","contributorId":18138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jakowyna, B.","contributorId":80037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakowyna","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023766,"text":"70023766 - 2001 - Ant-seed mutualisms: Can red imported fire ants sour the relationship?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:42:21","indexId":"70023766","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ant-seed mutualisms: Can red imported fire ants sour the relationship?","docAbstract":"Invasion by the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, has had negative impacts on individual animal and plant species, but little is known about how S. invicta affects complex mutualistic relationships. In some eastern forests of North America, 30% of herbaceous species have ant-dispersed seeds. We conducted experiments to determine if fire ants are attracted to seeds of these plant species and assessed the amount of scarification or damage that results from handling by fire ants. Fire ants removed nearly 100% of seeds of the ant-dispersed plants Trillium undulatum, T. discolor, T. catesbaei, Viola rotundifolia, and Sanguinaria canadensis. In recovered seeds fed to ant colonies, fire ants scarified 80% of S. canadensis seeds and destroyed 86% of V. rotundifolia seeds. Our study is the first to document that red imported fire ants are attracted to and remove seeds of species adapted for ant dispersal. Moreover, fire ants might damage these seeds and discard them in sites unfavorable for germination and seedling establishment. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00074-X","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Zettler, J., Spira, T., and Allen, C.R., 2001, Ant-seed mutualisms: Can red imported fire ants sour the relationship?: Biological Conservation, v. 101, no. 2, p. 249-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00074-X.","startPage":"249","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479001,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00074-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00074-X"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec50e4b0c8380cd491c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zettler, J.A.","contributorId":97281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zettler","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spira, T.P.","contributorId":74546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spira","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023676,"text":"70023676 - 2001 - Residence times and diel passage distributions of radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon and steelhead in a gatewell and fish collection channel of a Columbia River Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T14:58:14","indexId":"70023676","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residence times and diel passage distributions of radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon and steelhead in a gatewell and fish collection channel of a Columbia River Dam","docAbstract":"<p>The amount of time radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead O. mykiss spent within a gatewell and the juvenile collection channel at McNary Dam, Columbia River, USA, was measured to determine the diel passage behavior and residence times within these portions of the juvenile bypass system. The median gatewell residence times were 8.9 h for juvenile chinook salmon and 3.2 h for steelhead. Juvenile spring chinook salmon spent 83% of their time in the 18-m-deep gatewell at depths of 9 m or less, and juvenile steelhead spent 96% of their time in the upper 11 m. Fish released during midday and those released in the evening generally exited the gatewell in the evening, indicating that fish entering the gatewell during daylight will have prolonged residence times. Median collection-channel residence times of juvenile chinook salmon were much shorter (2.3 min) than those of steelhead (28.0 min), most likely because of the greater size of the steelhead and the high water velocities within the channel (2.1 m/s). This and other studies indicate most juvenile salmonids enter gatewells of several Columbia and Snake river dams in the evening and pass into the collection channels quickly. However, this is not consistent with the natural in-river migration patterns of these species and represents a delay in dam passage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0455:RTADPD>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., and Maule, A., 2001, Residence times and diel passage distributions of radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon and steelhead in a gatewell and fish collection channel of a Columbia River Dam: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 455-463, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0455:RTADPD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"463","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207633,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0455:RTADPD>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington; Oregon","otherGeospatial":"McNary Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.17659759521486,\n              45.93443799290722\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.25075531005858,\n              45.94995616133709\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.29813385009764,\n              45.94900132254879\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.31427001953125,\n              45.940168283978565\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37091827392578,\n              45.933960441921585\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.39495086669923,\n              45.92870710966921\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.4093704223633,\n              45.92560263399712\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.41349029541016,\n              45.91127203324223\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.38018798828125,\n              45.91294412737392\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.32147979736328,\n              45.92822950933618\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.28474426269531,\n              45.92536382097966\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.23118591308595,\n              45.92321445755893\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.18312072753908,\n              45.91604931139518\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.16492462158203,\n              45.91867663909007\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.16458129882811,\n              45.936586921453284\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.17659759521486,\n              45.93443799290722\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa972e4b0c8380cd85dd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023674,"text":"70023674 - 2001 - Statistical properties of relative weight distributions of four salmonid species and their sampling implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023674","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical properties of relative weight distributions of four salmonid species and their sampling implications","docAbstract":"We assessed relative weight (Wr) distributions among 291 samples of stock-to-quality-length brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and cutthroat trout O. clarki from lentic and lotic habitats. Statistics describing Wr sample distributions varied slightly among species and habitat types. The average sample was leptokurtotic and slightly skewed to the right with a standard deviation of about 10, but the shapes of Wr distributions varied widely among samples. Twenty-two percent of the samples had nonnormal distributions, suggesting the need to evaluate sample distributions before applying statistical tests to determine whether assumptions are met. In general, our findings indicate that samples of about 100 stock-to-quality-length fish are needed to obtain confidence interval widths of four Wr units around the mean. Power analysis revealed that samples of about 50 stock-to-quality-length fish are needed to detect a 2% change in mean Wr at a relatively high level of power (beta = 0.01, alpha = 0.05).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0666:SPORWD>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Hyatt, M., and Hubert, W., 2001, Statistical properties of relative weight distributions of four salmonid species and their sampling implications: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 666-670, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0666:SPORWD>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"666","endPage":"670","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0666:SPORWD>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b973de4b08c986b31b97b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyatt, M.W.","contributorId":16195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyatt","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023768,"text":"70023768 - 2001 - Salt diapirs in the Dead Sea basin and their relationship to Quaternary extensional tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:16:30","indexId":"70023768","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salt diapirs in the Dead Sea basin and their relationship to Quaternary extensional tectonics","docAbstract":"<p>Regional extension of a brittle overburden and underlying salt causes differential loading that is thought to initiate the rise of reactive diapirs below and through regions of thin overburden. We present a modern example of a large salt diapir in the Dead Sea pull-apart basin, the Lisan diapir, which we believe was formed during the Quaternary due to basin transtension and subsidence. Using newly released seismic data that are correlated to several deep wells, we determine the size of the diapir to be 13 x 10 km. its maximum depth 7.2 km. and its roof 125 m below the surface. From seismic stratigraphy, we infer that the diapir started rising during the early to middle Pleistocene as this section of the basin underwater rapid subsidence and significant extension of the overburden. During the middle to late Pleistocene, the diapir pierced through the extensionally thinned overburden, as indicated by rim synclines, which attest to rapid salt withdrawal from the surrounding regions. Slight positive topography above the diapir and shallow folded horizons indicate that it is still rising intermittently. The smaller Sedom diapir, exposed along the western bounding fault of the basin is presently rising and forms a 200 m-high ridge. Its initiation is explained by localized E-W extension due monoclinal draping over the edge of a rapidly subsiding basin during the early to middle Pleistocene, and its continued rise by lateral squeezing due to continued rotation of the Amazyahu diagonal fault.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0264-8172(01)00031-9","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Al-Zoubi, A., and ten Brink, U., 2001, Salt diapirs in the Dead Sea basin and their relationship to Quaternary extensional tectonics: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 18, no. 7, p. 779-797, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(01)00031-9.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"797","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Dead Sea basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35.17547607421875,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              35.7659912109375,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              35.7659912109375,\n              31.949831760406877\n            ],\n            [\n              35.17547607421875,\n              31.949831760406877\n            ],\n            [\n              35.17547607421875,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab01be4b0c8380cd87936","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Zoubi, A.","contributorId":76910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Zoubi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023770,"text":"70023770 - 2001 - Dieback and episodic mortality of Cercidium microphyllum (foothill paloverde), a dominant Sonoran Desert tree","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T17:24:33.523205","indexId":"70023770","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2571,"text":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Dieback and episodic mortality of <i>Cercidium microphyllum</i> (foothill paloverde), a dominant Sonoran Desert tree","title":"Dieback and episodic mortality of Cercidium microphyllum (foothill paloverde), a dominant Sonoran Desert tree","docAbstract":"<p>Past and current dieback of <i>Cercidium microphyllum</i>, a dominant, drought-deciduous tree in the Sonoran Desert, was investigated at Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Logistic regression predicted that the odds of a <i>Cercidium</i> plant being alive should decrease with increasing circumference, association with the columnar cactus Carnegiea gigantea, and occurrence on steep slopes. Slope azimuth, parasitization by <i>Phoradendron californicum</i>, and distance to nearest <i>Cercidium</i> within 5 m did not significantly affect the odds of survival. <i>Carnegiea</i> was a source of background mortality rather than a primary cause of dieback. Of the &gt;1,000 living and dead plants sampled, 7.7% had died within the past 5 to 7 years. An additional 12.8% died in the more distant past. Diebacks tended to occur during severe deficits in annual, especially summer, rain. More than half of the dead plants in the sample were <span>≥</span>50 cm in girth. In current and past diebacks on Tumamoc Hill, it seems likely that severe drought interacted with natural senescence of an aging population, weakening large, old trees and hastening their deaths.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Torrey Botanical Society","doi":"10.2307/3088735","issn":"10955674","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.E., and Turner, R.M., 2001, Dieback and episodic mortality of Cercidium microphyllum (foothill paloverde), a dominant Sonoran Desert tree: Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, v. 128, no. 2, p. 128-140, https://doi.org/10.2307/3088735.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tucson","otherGeospatial":"Sonoran Desert, Tumamoc Hill","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.00368537912749,\n              32.208380017906606\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0024433518667,\n              32.20888645509753\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.00034336310749,\n              32.21268835128669\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.00025566187844,\n              32.219875053383035\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.00188780111421,\n              32.22263964762725\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.00317706648005,\n              32.22300366095389\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.00566798580029,\n              32.22132968298439\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.01004364293162,\n              32.21820338205126\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.01140703618445,\n              32.2136307603687\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.00964324436131,\n              32.21062367232878\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.00368537912749,\n              32.208380017906606\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00bae4b0c8380cd4f8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Janice E.","contributorId":18119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, R. M.","contributorId":62585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023552,"text":"70023552 - 2001 - Cholinergic and behavioral neurotoxicity of carbaryl and cadmium to larval rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T10:54:14","indexId":"70023552","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cholinergic and behavioral neurotoxicity of carbaryl and cadmium to larval rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pesticides and heavy metals are common environmental contaminants that can cause neurotoxicity to aquatic organisms, impairing reproduction and survival. Neurotoxic effects of cadmium and carbaryl exposures were estimated in larval rainbow trout (RBT; </span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) using changes in physiological endpoints and correlations with behavioral responses. Following exposures, RBT were videotaped to assess swimming speed. Brain tissue was used to measure cholinesterase (ChE) activity, muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MChR) number, and MChR affinity. ChE activity decreased with increasing concentrations of carbaryl but not of cadmium. MChR were not affected by exposure to either carbaryl or cadmium. Swimming speed correlated with ChE activity in carbaryl-exposed RBT, but no correlation occurred in cadmium-exposed fish. Thus, carbaryl exposure resulted in neurotoxicity reflected by changes in physiological and behavioral parameters measured, while cadmium exposure did not. Correlations between behavior and physiology provide a useful assessment of neurotoxicity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/eesa.2000.2032","issn":"01476513","usgsCitation":"Beauvais, S., Jones, S., Parris, J., Brewer, S., and Little, E.E., 2001, Cholinergic and behavioral neurotoxicity of carbaryl and cadmium to larval rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>): Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 49, no. 1, p. 84-90, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.2032.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207586,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.2032"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5d4e4b0c8380cd4c450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beauvais, S.L.","contributorId":53752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauvais","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, S.B.","contributorId":27005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parris, J.T.","contributorId":17946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parris","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brewer, S.K.","contributorId":34284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023673,"text":"70023673 - 2001 - Establishment of the green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus 1758) (Mollusca: Mytilidae) on the West Coast of Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023673","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishment of the green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus 1758) (Mollusca: Mytilidae) on the West Coast of Florida","docAbstract":"In 1999, the green mussel, Perna viridis, was first observed in Tampa Bay, Florida. This was the first reported occurrence of this Indo-Pacific marine bivalve in North America. The mussels found in Tampa Bay were confirmed to be P. viridis based on both morphological and genetic characteristics. Since the initial discovery, surveys in Tampa Bay and on the west coast of Florida have documented the growth, recruitment, and range expansion of P. viridis. From November 1999 to July 2000, the mean shell length of a Tampa Bay population increased from 49.0 mm to 94.1 mm, an increase of 97%. Populations of P. viridis are successfully reproducing in Tampa Bay. Recruitment was observed on sampling plates in May and continued through July 2000. The full extent of mussel colonization is not clear, but mussels were found outside Tampa Bay in St. Petersburg, Florida, south to Venice. Based on these studies it is evident that P. viridis has successfully invaded Tampa Bay and the west coast of Florida. The long-term impact of P. viridis on native communities off the west coast of Florida cannot be predicted at this time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07308000","usgsCitation":"Benson, A., Marelli, D., Frischer, M., Danforth, J., and Williams, J., 2001, Establishment of the green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus 1758) (Mollusca: Mytilidae) on the West Coast of Florida: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 20, no. 1, p. 21-29.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a6be4b0c8380cd52351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, A.J.","contributorId":60816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marelli, D.C.","contributorId":16196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marelli","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frischer, M.E.","contributorId":22117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frischer","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danforth, J.M.","contributorId":63200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023670,"text":"70023670 - 2001 - Late Cenozoic regional collapse due to evaporite flow and Dissolution in the Carbondale Collapse Center, West-Central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:37:31","indexId":"70023670","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic regional collapse due to evaporite flow and Dissolution in the Carbondale Collapse Center, West-Central Colorado","docAbstract":"Dissolution and flow of Pennsylvanian evaporitic rocks in west-central Colorado created the Carbondale Collapse Center, a 450 mi2 structural depression with about 4,000 ft of vertical collapse during the late Cenozoic. This paper describes evidence of collapse in the lower Roaring Fork River valley. Both the lateral extent and amount of vertical collapse is constrained by deformed upper Cenozoic volcanic rocks that have been correlated using field mapping, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, geochemistry, and paleomagnetism. The Carbondale Collapse Center is one of at least two contiguous areas that have experienced major evaporite tectonism during the late Cenozoic. Historic sinkholes, deformed Holocene deposits, and modern high-salinity loads in the rivers and thermal springs indicate the collapse process continues today. Flow of evaporitic rocks is an important element in the collapse process, and during initial stages of collapse it was probably the primary causative mechanism. Dissolution, however, is the ultimate means by which evaporite is removed from the collapse area. As the Roaring Fork River began to rapidly down-cut through a broad volcanic plateau during the late Miocene, the underlying evaporite beds were subjected to differential overburden pressures. The evaporitic rocks flowed from beneath the upland areas where overburden pressures remained high, toward the Roaring Fork River Valley where the pressures were much lower. Along the valley the evaporitic rocks rose upward, sometimes as diapirs, forming or enhancing a valley anticline in bedrock and locally upwarping Pleistocene terraces. Wherever the evaporites encountered relatively fresh ground water, they were dissolved, forming underground voids into which overlying bedrock and surficial deposits subsided. The saline ground water eventually discharged to streams and rivers through thermal springs and by seepage into alluvial aquifers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Kirkham, R., Streufert, R.K., Budahn, J., Kunk, M.J., and Perry, W.J., 2001, Late Cenozoic regional collapse due to evaporite flow and Dissolution in the Carbondale Collapse Center, West-Central Colorado: Mountain Geologist, v. 38, no. 4, p. 193-210.","startPage":"193","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44c8e4b0c8380cd66d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Streufert, R. K.","contributorId":81516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streufert","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, W. J.","contributorId":24752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023669,"text":"70023669 - 2001 - Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023669","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado","docAbstract":"A torrential rainstorm on September 1, 1994 at the recently burned hillslopes of Storm King Mountain, CO, resulted in the generation of debris flows from every burned drainage basin. Maps (1:5000 scale) of bedrock and surficial materials and of the debris-flow paths, coupled with a 10-m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of topography, are used to evaluate the processes that generated fire-related debris flows in this setting. These evaluations form the basis for a descriptive model for fire-related debris-flow initiation. The prominent paths left by the debris flows originated in 0- and 1st-order hollows or channels. Discrete soil-slip scars do not occur at the heads of these paths. Although 58 soil-slip scars were mapped on hillslopes in the burned basins, material derived from these soil slips accounted for only about 7% of the total volume of material deposited at canyon mouths. This fact, combined with observations of significant erosion of hillslope materials, suggests that a runoff-dominated process of progressive sediment entrainment by surface runoff, rather than infiltration-triggered failure of discrete soil slips, was the primary mechanism of debris-flow initiation. A paucity of channel incision, along with observations of extensive hillslope erosion, indicates that a significant proportion of material in the debris flows was derived from the hillslopes, with a smaller contribution from the channels. Because of the importance of runoff-dominated rather than infiltration-dominated processes in the generation of these fire-related debris flows, the runoff-contributing area that extends upslope from the point of debris-flow initiation to the drainage divide, and its gradient, becomes a critical constraint in debris-flow initiation. Slope-area thresholds for fire-related debris-flow initiation from Storm King Mountain are defined by functions of the form Acr(tan ??)3 = S, where Acr is the critical area extending upslope from the initiation location to the drainage divide, and tan ?? is its gradient. The thresholds vary with different materials. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00108-2","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S., Kirkham, R., and Parise, M., 2001, Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado: Geomorphology, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 171-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00108-2.","startPage":"171","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00108-2"},{"id":232661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0d2e4b08c986b32f09c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parise, M.","contributorId":82486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parise","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023668,"text":"70023668 - 2001 - Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023668","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus","docAbstract":"Recently, commercial aquaculture farms in Northern California have exposed gravid, cultured white sturgeon females to cold water (12 ?? 1??C) throughout the late phase of vitellogenesis and ovarian follicle maturation resulting in improved ovulation rates and egg quality. However, the optimum timing for transfer of broodfish to the cold water and the capacity of transferred broodfish to maintain reproductive competence over an extended time in cold water had not been evaluated. Gravid white sturgeon females that have been raised at water temperatures of 16-20??C were transported to either cold water (12 ?? 1??C; Group 1) in November 1997 or maintained in ambient water temperatures (10-19??C; Group 2) until early spring. In March 1998, half of the fish in Group 2 had regressed ovaries, but the remaining females had intact ovarian follicles and were transported to the cold water. Ovarian follicles and blood were collected from females until they reached the stage of spawning readiness (determined by germinal vesicle position and an oocyte maturation assay) or underwent ovarian regression. Exposure of gravid sturgeon females to ambient water temperatures (14.5 ?? 2.3??C, mean ?? S.D.) from October to March led to a decrease in plasma sex steroids and a high incidence of ovarian regression in fish with a more advanced stage of oocyte development. Transfer of females with intact ovarian follicles to cold water (12 ?? 1??C) in the fall or early spring resulted in normal ovarian development in the majority of females. Holding females in cold water does not seem to override their endogenous reproductive rhythms but extends their capacity to maintain oocyte maturational competence over a longer period of time. A temperature-sensitive phase in ovarian development may occur during the transition from vitellogenic growth to oocyte maturation, and the degree and timing of sensitivity to environmental temperature are dependent on the female's endogenous reproductive rhythm. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All Rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00550-6","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Webb, M., Van Eenennaam, J., Feist, G., Linares-Casenave, J., Fitzpatrick, M., Schreck, C., and Doroshov, S., 2001, Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus: Aquaculture, v. 201, no. 1-2, p. 137-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00550-6.","startPage":"137","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00550-6"},{"id":232620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0809e4b0c8380cd51944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, M.A.H.","contributorId":102241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"M.A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eenennaam, J. P.","contributorId":33090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eenennaam","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feist, G.W.","contributorId":46261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feist","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linares-Casenave, J.","contributorId":49956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linares-Casenave","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, M.S.","contributorId":16194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doroshov, S.I.","contributorId":22535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doroshov","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023667,"text":"70023667 - 2001 - Early life history of the northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T15:28:26","indexId":"70023667","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early life history of the northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River basin","docAbstract":"<p>The northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis is a large, native cyprinid in the Columbia River basin that has persisted in spite of substantial habitat alterations. During the months of June to September 1993-1996, we investigated the temporal and spatial patterns of northern pikeminnow spawning, along with describing larval drift and characterizing larval and early juvenile rearing habitats in the lower Columbia River (the John Day and Dalles reservoirs and the free-flowing section downstream of Bonneville Dam) as well as in the lower sections of two major tributaries (the John Day and Deschutes rivers). The density of newly emerged drifting larvae was higher in dam tailraces (a mean of 7.7 larvae/100 m3 in surface tows) than in the lower reservoirs (0.3 larvae/100 m3), indicating that tailraces were areas of more intense spawning. Density was particularly high in the Bonneville Dam tailrace (15.1 larvae/100 m3), perhaps because adult northern pikeminnow are abundant below Bonneville Dam and this is the first tailrace and suitable main-stem spawning habitat encountered during upriver spawning migrations. Spawning also occurred in both of the tributaries sampled but not in a backwater. Spawning in the Columbia River primarily took place during the month of June in 1993 and 1994, when the water temperature rose from 14??C to 18??C, but occurred about 2 weeks later in 1995 and 1996, possibly because of cooler June water temperature (14-15??C) in these years. The period of drift was brief (about 1-3 d), with larvae recruiting to shallow, low-velocity shorelines of main-channel and backwater areas to rear. Larvae reared in greatest densities at sites with fine sediment or sand substrates and moderate- to high-density vegetation (a mean density of 92.1 larvae/10 m3). The success of northern pikeminnow in the Columbia River basin may be partly attributable to their ability to locate adequate spawning and rearing conditions in a variety of main-stem and tributary locations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0250:ELHOTN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Gadomski, D., Barfoot, C., Bayer, J., and Poe, T., 2001, Early life history of the northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River basin: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 130, no. 2, p. 250-262, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0250:ELHOTN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research 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      [\n              -119.41314697265624,\n              45.935870621190546\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.31976318359374,\n              45.95019486846407\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.28955078124999,\n              45.94924003378794\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0489e4b0c8380cd50a3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gadomski, D.M.","contributorId":37101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadomski","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barfoot, C.A.","contributorId":51490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barfoot","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023665,"text":"70023665 - 2001 - Amplitude blanking related to the pore-filling of gas hydrate in sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:59:34","indexId":"70023665","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amplitude blanking related to the pore-filling of gas hydrate in sediments","docAbstract":"Seismic indicators of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments include elevated interval velocities and amplitude reduction of seismic reflections owing to the presence of gas hydrate in the sediment's pore spaces. However, large amplitude blanking with relatively low interval velocities observed at the Blake Ridge has been enigmatic because realistic seismic models were absent to explain the observation. This study proposes models in which the gas hydrate concentrations vary in proportion to the porosity. Where gas hydrate concentrations are greater in more porous media, a significant amplitude blanking can be achieved with relatively low interval velocity. Depending on the amount of gas hydrate concentration in the pore space, reflection amplitudes from hydrate-bearing sediments can be much less, less or greater than those from corresponding non-hydrate-bearing sediments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geophysical Researches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1010371308699","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Dillon, W.P., 2001, Amplitude blanking related to the pore-filling of gas hydrate in sediments: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 101-109, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010371308699.","startPage":"101","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010371308699"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cbe4b0c8380cd48466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023663,"text":"70023663 - 2001 - Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023663","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia","docAbstract":"Catchment nutrient availability in Western Australia is primarily controlled by the disposal of animal waste and the type and rate of fertilizer application, particularly on the relatively narrow (~25 km wide), sandy coastal plain. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations and fluxes during the wet season of 15 tributaries, including four urban drains to the Swan-Canning Estuary, were evaluated from 1986 to 1992 and additionally concentrations only were evaluated throughout the year from 1993 to 1996. Concentrations of filtered reactive P (FRP) and total P (TP) were generally low, with the volume-weighted means for all sites being 0.06 mg 1-1 and 0.12 mg 1-1 respectively. The urban drains had higher TP concentrations (volume-weighted mean of 0.21 mg 1-1) than the streams (0.12 mg 1-1), with the high concentrations associated with particulate matter. Total inorganic N (TIN, NH4N plus NO3N) and total N (TN), which is of interest to eutrophic status of the N-limited estuary, were likewise low, compared with other developed areas having a similar climate. Both TIN and TN were higher in the urban drains (0.76 mg 1-1 and 1.5 mg 1-1 respectively) than the streams (0.31 mg 1-1 and 1.2 mg 1-1 respectively). The Avon River, which drains 98.5% of the 121 000 km2 catchment area, contributes most of the N (0.03 kg ha-1 year-1 or 65%) and a high percentage of the P (<0.01 kg ha-1 year-1 or 32%) to the estuaries. The Avon River nutrient fluxes are much less than other tributaries closer to the estuary. The coastal plain receives significantly higher rainfall (1,200 mm year-1) and has more intense horticulture and animal production than inland areas (<300 mm year-1). Annual rainfall is seasonal, occuring primarily from May through December. The surficial aquifers on the coastal plain generally are sandy with a low nutrient retention capacity, and rapidly transmit soluble and colloidal material in subsurface flow. Ellen Brook, on the coastal plain, drains pastures treated with superphosphate and has the highest FRP (0.51 mg 1-1), TP (0.7 mg 1-1) and TN (2.1 mg 1-1) of any tributary to the estuary. The coastal plain is also undergoing urbanization, particularly in areas adjacent to the estuary. Nutrients are subsequently available for transport during the onset of seasonal wet weather. Perennial baseflow from urban areas is an important source of nutrients. Water yield from the urban areas was high, being as much as 50% of annual rainfall. The timing of the nutrients delivered by the tributaries may be an important control on estuarine ecology. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.304","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Donohue, R., 2001, Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 13, p. 2555-2577, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.304.","startPage":"2555","endPage":"2577","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.304"},{"id":232541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a699ae4b0c8380cd73dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donohue, R.","contributorId":20925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohue","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023662,"text":"70023662 - 2001 - Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023662","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska","docAbstract":"The last interglacial period is thought to be the last time global climate was significantly warmer than present. New stratigraphic studies at Eva Creek, near Fairbanks, Alaska indicate a complex last interglacial record wherein periods of loess deposition alternated with periods of soil formation. The Eva Forest Bed appears to have formed about the time of or after deposition of the Old Crow tephra (dated to ??? 160 to ??? 120 ka), and is therefore correlated with the last interglacial period. Pollen, macrofossils, and soils from the Eva Forest Bed indicate that boreal forest was the dominant vegetation and precipitation may have been greater than present around Fairbanks during the peak of the last interglacial period. A new compilation of last interglacial localities indicates that boreal forest was extensive over interior Alaska and Yukon Territory. Boreal forest also extended beyond its present range onto the Seward and Baldwin Peninsulas, and probably migrated to higher elevations, now occupied by tundra, in the interior. Comparison of last interglacial pollen and macrofossil data with atmospheric general circulation model results shows both agreement and disagreement. Model results of warmer-than-present summers are in agreement with fossil data. However, numerous localities with boreal forest records are in conflict with model reconstructions of an extensive cool steppe in interior Alaska and much of Yukon Territory during the last interglacial. ?? 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Ager, T.A., and Beget, J.E., 2001, Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 20, no. 1-3, p. 41-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3.","startPage":"41","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3"},{"id":232540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1cce4b08c986b32a77d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beget, J. E.","contributorId":63392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beget","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022732,"text":"70022732 - 2001 - Moss and lichen cover mapping at local and regional scales in the boreal forest ecosystem of central Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T13:46:24","indexId":"70022732","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moss and lichen cover mapping at local and regional scales in the boreal forest ecosystem of central Canada","docAbstract":"<p>Mosses and lichens are important components of boreal landscapes [Vitt et al., 1994; Bubier et al., 1997]. They affect plant productivity and belowground carbon sequestration and alter the surface runoff and energy balance. We report the use of multiresolution satellite data to map moss and lichens over the BOREAS region at a 10 m, 30 m, and 1 km scales. Our moss and lichen classification at the 10 m scale is based on ground observations of associations among soil drainage classes, overstory composition, and cover type among four broad classes of ground cover (feather, sphagnum, and brown mosses and lichens). For our 30 m map, we used field observations of ground cover-overstory associations to map mosses and lichens in the BOREAS southern study area (SSA). To scale up to a 1 km (AVHRR) moss map of the BOREAS region, we used the TM SSA mosaics plus regional field data to identify AVHRR overstory-ground cover associations. We found that: 1) ground cover, overstory composition and density are highly correlated, permitting inference of moss and lichen cover from satellite-based land cover classifications; 2) our 1 km moss map reveals that mosses dominate the boreal landscape of central Canada, thereby a significant factor for water, energy, and carbon modeling; 3) TM and AVHRR moss cover maps are comparable; 4) satellite data resolution is important; particularly in detecting the smaller wetland features, lakes, and upland jack pine sites; and 5) distinct regional patterns of moss and lichen cover correspond to latitudinal and elevational gradients. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2001JD000509","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rapalee, G., Steyaert, L.T., and Hall, F., 2001, Moss and lichen cover mapping at local and regional scales in the boreal forest ecosystem of central Canada: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 106, no. D24, p. 33551-33563, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000509.","startPage":"33551","endPage":"33563","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"D24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e88e4b0c8380cd70ad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rapalee, G.","contributorId":35904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapalee","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, F.G.","contributorId":47099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023285,"text":"70023285 - 2001 - Elastic properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:29:16.9917","indexId":"70023285","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elastic properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments","docAbstract":"Downhole-measured compressional- and shear-wave velocities acquired in the Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well, northwestern Canada, reveal that the dominant effect of gas hydrate on the elastic properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments is as a pore-filling constituent. As opposed to high elastic velocities predicted from a cementation theory, whereby a small amount of gas hydrate in the pore space significantly increases the elastic velocities, the velocity increase from gas hydrate saturation in the sediment pore space is small. Both the effective medium theory and a weighted equation predict a slight increase of velocities from gas hydrate concentration, similar to the field-observed velocities; however, the weighted equation more accurately describes the compressional- and shear-wave velocities of gas hydrate-bearing sediments. A decrease of Poisson's ratio with an increase in the gas hydrate concentration is similar to a decrease of Poisson's ratio with a decrease in the sediment porosity. Poisson's ratios greater than 0.33 for gas hydrate-bearing sediments imply the unconsolidated nature of gas hydrate-bearing sediments at this well site. The seismic characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing sediments at this site can be used to compare and evaluate other gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the Arctic.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1444966","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Collett, T.S., 2001, Elastic properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments: Geophysics, v. 66, no. 3, p. 763-771, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444966.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"771","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Deh-Cho, Mackenzie Delta, Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -133.604736328125,\n              67.23381053879906\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.011474609375,\n              67.38214977864425\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.143310546875,\n              67.78018035909366\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.37426757812497,\n              68.5443150407769\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.34130859375,\n              68.81195669971297\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.91259765625,\n              69.07641152415715\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.406982421875,\n              69.53835857874444\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.40673828125,\n              69.76755666104444\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.37353515625,\n              69.67235784229395\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.867919921875,\n              69.57673012801014\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.307373046875,\n              69.18599349954395\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.658935546875,\n              68.8991424396949\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.50537109375,\n              68.2042121888185\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.560302734375,\n              67.90035413006105\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.087890625,\n              67.33562781287714\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.604736328125,\n              67.23381053879906\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0881e4b0c8380cd51b54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023661,"text":"70023661 - 2001 - Atrazine retention and degradation in the vadose zone at a till plain site in central Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T12:28:46","indexId":"70023661","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atrazine retention and degradation in the vadose zone at a till plain site in central Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The vadose zone was examined as an environmental compartment where significant quantities of atrazine and its degradation compounds may be stored and transformed. The vadose zone was targeted because regional studies in the White River Basin indicated a large discrepancy between the mass of atrazine applied to fields and the amount of the pesticide and its degradation compounds that are measured in ground and surface water. A study site was established in a rotationally cropped field in the till plain of central Indiana. Data were gathered during the 1994 growing season to characterize the site hydrogeology and the distribution of atrazine, desethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, didealkylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine in runoff, pore water, and ground water. The data indicated that atrazine and its degradation compounds were transported from land surface to a depth of 1.5 m within 60 days of application, but were undetected in the saturated zone at nearby monitoring wells. A numerical model was developed, based on the field data, to provide information about processes that could retain and degrade atrazine in the vadose zone. Simulations indicated that evapotranspiration is responsible for surface directed soil-moisture flow during much of the growing season. This process causes retention and degradation of atrazine in the vadose zone. Increased residence time in the vadose zone leads to nearly complete transformation of atrazine and its degradation products to unquantified degradation compounds. As a result of mascropore flow, small quantities of atrazine and its degradation compounds may reach the saturated zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02298.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Bayless, E., 2001, Atrazine retention and degradation in the vadose zone at a till plain site in central Indiana: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 2, p. 169-180, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02298.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"180","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Hancock","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.5759,39.8738],[-85.5969,39.8735],[-85.5968,39.786],[-85.6333,39.7862],[-85.6338,39.6987],[-85.6876,39.6987],[-85.7993,39.6993],[-85.913,39.6976],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.8625,39.9286],[-85.8624,39.9436],[-85.5774,39.9459]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hancock\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eecde4b0c8380cd49f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayless, E.R.","contributorId":67639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023286,"text":"70023286 - 2001 - Long-term changes in consentrations and flux fo nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T05:43:56","indexId":"70023286","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term changes in consentrations and flux fo nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Current and historical data show that nitrogen concentrations and flux in the Mississippi River Basin have increased significantly during the past 100 years. Most of the increase observed in the lower Mississippi River has occurred since the early 1970s and is due almost entirely to an increase in nitrate. The current (1980-99) average annual nitrogen (N) flux from the Mississippi Basin to the Gulf of Mexico is about 1 555 500 t year-1, of which about 62% is nitrate-N. The remaining 38% is organic nitrogen and a small amount of ammonium. The current (1980-99) average nitrate flux to the Gulf is almost three times larger than it was during 1955-70. This increased supply of nitrogen to the Gulf is believed to be partly responsible for the increasing size of a large hypoxic zone that develops along the Louisiana-Texas shelf each summer. This zone of oxygen-depleted water has doubled in areal extent since it was first measured in 1985. The increase in annual nitrate flux to the Gulf can be largely explained by three factors: Increased fertilizer use, annual variability in precipitation and increased streamflow, and the year-to-year variability in the amount of nitrogen available in the soil-ground water system for leaching to streams. The predominant source areas for the nitrogen transported to the Gulf of Mexico are basins draining southern Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Basins in this region yield 1801 to 3050 kg N km-2 year-1 to streams, several times the N yield of basins outside this region.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.210","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W., 2001, Long-term changes in consentrations and flux fo nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1209-1226, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.210.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1226","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.210"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a497ce4b0c8380cd6864d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023287,"text":"70023287 - 2001 - No enhancement in bioconcentration of organic contaminants by low levels of DOM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70023287","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No enhancement in bioconcentration of organic contaminants by low levels of DOM","docAbstract":"The aim of the present work was to systematically study the effect of low concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the bioconcentration of organic contaminants, in order to show whether the phenomenon of enhanced bioconcentration factors (BCFs), that has been reported in the literature, is generally found at low levels of DOM or if BCF enhancements are more likely due to a random scatter in the experimental data. The first part of the study tested the hypothesis that low levels of DOM affect the uptake kinetics of organic contaminants, leading to transient enhancements of BCFs, relative to DOM-free controls, which could have been reported as BCF enhancements in short-term studies. We found that the presence of low concentrations of two different types of DOM consistently decreased the bioconcentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the water flea Daphnia magna at all exposure times (1-24 h), and that no transient BCF enhancements occurred. The second part of the study systematically investigated if low concentrations of DOM from a wide range of different aquatic systems can cause enhancements in the bioconcentration of organic contaminants. Water fleas were exposed to combinations of four different organic contaminants (BaP, tetrachlorobiphenyl, pentachlorophenol and naphthalene) with low concentrations of 12 different types of DOM that had been collected from various regions throughout Europe. In several of the DOM treatments, we found mean BCFs being higher than mean BCFs in the controls (especially for naphthalene). This shows that the experimental setup used in this study (and similarly in previous studies) can produce seeming BCF enhancements at low concentrations of DOM. However, statistical analyses showed that treatment means were not significantly different from control means. Thus, this systematic study suggests that the BCF enhancements that have been reported in the literature are more likely the result of random, experimental variations than the result of a systematic enhancement of bioconcentration. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00269-1","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Haitzer, M., Akkanen, J., Steinberg, C., and Kukkonen, J., 2001, No enhancement in bioconcentration of organic contaminants by low levels of DOM: Chemosphere, v. 44, no. 2, p. 165-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00269-1.","startPage":"165","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00269-1"},{"id":232241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6709e4b0c8380cd7313f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haitzer, M.","contributorId":94812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitzer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akkanen, J.","contributorId":52748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akkanen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinberg, C.","contributorId":60813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinberg","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kukkonen, J.V.K.","contributorId":74166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kukkonen","given":"J.V.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}