{"pageNumber":"3116","pageRowStart":"77875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184828,"records":[{"id":70023653,"text":"70023653 - 2001 - Melt-inclusion-hosted excess 40Ar in quartz crystals of the Bishop and Bandelier magma systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T13:37:49.856423","indexId":"70023653","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Melt-inclusion-hosted excess <sup>40</sup>Ar in quartz crystals of the Bishop and Bandelier magma systems","title":"Melt-inclusion-hosted excess 40Ar in quartz crystals of the Bishop and Bandelier magma systems","docAbstract":"<p><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar experiments on melt-inclusion–bearing quartz (MIBQ) from the Bishop and Bandelier Tuff Plinian deposits indicate high concentrations of excess&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar in melt inclusions. Two rhyolite glass melt inclusion populations are present in quartz; exposed melt inclusions and trapped melt inclusions. Air-abrasion mill grinding and hydrofluoric acid treatments progressively remove exposed melt inclusions while leaving trapped melt inclusions unaffected. Laser step-heating of MIBQ yields increasing apparent ages as a function of exposed melt inclusion removal, reflecting the higher nonatmospheric&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar concentrations hosted in trapped melt inclusions. Exposed melt inclusion–free MIBQ from the Bishop, Upper Bandelier, and Lower Bandelier Tuffs yield total-gas ages of 3.70 ± 1.00 Ma, 11.54 ± 0.87 Ma, and 14.60 ± 1.50 Ma, respectively. We interpret these old apparent ages as compelling evidence for the presence of excess&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar in MIBQ. Trapped melt inclusions in sanidine phenocrysts may contain excess&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar concentrations similar to those in MIBQ. This excess&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar has the potential to increase single-crystal laser-fusion ages of sanidine by tens of thousands of years, relative to the actual eruption age.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0275:MIHEAI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Winick, J., McIntosh, W.C., and Dunbar, N.W., 2001, Melt-inclusion-hosted excess 40Ar in quartz crystals of the Bishop and Bandelier magma systems: Geology, v. 29, no. 3, p. 275-278, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0275:MIHEAI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"278","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.64822387695311,\n              37.508636471899976\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.55758666992186,\n              37.48030724508602\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.50540161132812,\n              37.6000882015635\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.62899780273438,\n              37.73053874574077\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.74298095703124,\n              37.77722770873696\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.89541625976562,\n              37.779398571318765\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01077270507811,\n              37.75877280300828\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.08218383789062,\n              37.70772645289049\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.03823852539061,\n              37.640334898059486\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91326904296874,\n              37.607704112428394\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.80752563476561,\n              37.55111016010861\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.64822387695311,\n              37.508636471899976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a538fe4b0c8380cd6cb7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winick, J. A.","contributorId":39980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winick","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntosh, W. C.","contributorId":68039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunbar, N. W.","contributorId":72978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023452,"text":"70023452 - 2001 - The influence of weather on Golden Eagle migration in northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023452","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of weather on Golden Eagle migration in northwestern Montana","docAbstract":"We analyzed the influence of 17 weather factors on migrating Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) near the Continental Divide in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. Local weather measurements were recorded at automated stations on the flanks of two peaks within the migration path. During a total of 506 hr of observation, the yearly number of Golden Eagles in autumn counts (1994-96) averaged 1973; spring counts (1995 and 1996) averaged 605 eagles. Mean passage rates (eagles/hr) were 16.5 in autumn and 8.2 in spring. Maximum rates were 137 in autumn and 67 in spring. Using generalized linear modeling, we tested for the effects of weather factors on the number of eagles counted. In the autumn model, the number of eagles increased with increasing air temperature, rising barometric pressure, decreasing relative humidity, and interactions among those factors. In the spring model, the number of eagles increased with increasing wind speed, barometric pressure, and the interaction between these factors. Our data suggest that a complex interaction among weather factors influenced the number of eagles passing on a given day. We hypothesize that in complex landscapes with high topographic relief, such as Glacier National Park, numerous weather factors produce different daily combinations to which migrating eagles respond opportunistically. ?? 2001 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Yates, R., McClelland, B., Mcclelland, P., Key, C., and Bennetts, R., 2001, The influence of weather on Golden Eagle migration in northwestern Montana: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 81-90.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad41e4b08c986b323ab9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, R.E.","contributorId":67252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClelland, B.R.","contributorId":28325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mcclelland, P.T.","contributorId":99336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcclelland","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Key, C.H.","contributorId":74343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennetts, R.E.","contributorId":103214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023779,"text":"70023779 - 2001 - Negligible risk associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from an infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) endemic area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:35:03","indexId":"70023779","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Negligible risk associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from an infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) endemic area","docAbstract":"<p>To assess the risk of transmission of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, from an area where the virus is endemic, 240 freshly eviscerated fish (225-500 g) exhibiting spinal curvature or spinal compression types of deformities were tested for IHNV by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Commercially produced rainbow trout, approximately 1-year-old, that exhibited spinal deformities were considered to have had a high likelihood of having survived an outbreak of IHN. Serological analysis of fish exhibiting spinal curvature or spinal compression types of deformities for anti-IHNV antibodies resulted, in 71 and 50% of the serum samples, respectively, with detectable neutralization activity suggesting previous infection with IHNV. A portion of the skin and muscle in the area of the deformity was collected, as well as brain tissue from each commercially processed fish. Tissue homogenates were tested for IHNV using the epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell line pretreated with polyethylene glycol and the chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cell line using standard methods. Nested, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR for the detection of IHNV used the central 1231 bp portion of the glycoprotein (G) challenge studies and is suggested as a mechanism responsible for virus clearance. These results provide scientific information that can be used to assess the risk associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout from an IHNV endemic area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00316.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"LaPatra, S., Batts, W., Overturf, K., Jones, G., Shewmaker, W.D., and Winton, J., 2001, Negligible risk associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from an infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) endemic area: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 24, no. 7, p. 399-408, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00316.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"408","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207509,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00316.x"}],"volume":"24","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a643de4b0c8380cd7294b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPatra, S. E.","contributorId":55371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaPatra","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batts, W.N. 0000-0002-6469-9004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":51043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overturf, K.","contributorId":72167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overturf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, G.N.","contributorId":50690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shewmaker, W. D.","contributorId":107066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shewmaker","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1008356,"text":"1008356 - 2001 - The use of marine reserves in evaluating the dive fishery for the warty sea cucumber, Parastichopus parvimensis in California, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:35","indexId":"1008356","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of marine reserves in evaluating the dive fishery for the warty sea cucumber, Parastichopus parvimensis in California, U.S.A","docAbstract":"In this paper we describe an instance of unusual, agonistic behavior in a flock of migrant Short-billed Dowitchers (Limnodromus griseus) . We compare this behavior to that of other flocks feeding at the same time at other locations in the same estuary and then present evidence suggesting that this behavior resulted from the patchy distribution of the probable foraging resource of this flock, eggs of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). We propose that an extremely patchy resource has increased the agonistic behavior within the flock by increasing the variation in foraging success among individuals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, S., Reed, D., Kushner, D., Estes, J.A., and Ono, D., 2001, The use of marine reserves in evaluating the dive fishery for the warty sea cucumber, Parastichopus parvimensis in California, U.S.A: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 58, p. 1771-1781.","productDescription":"p. 1771-1781","startPage":"1771","endPage":"1781","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, S.C.","contributorId":40171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, D.C.","contributorId":40943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kushner, D.J.","contributorId":101612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kushner","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ono, D.S.","contributorId":88321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ono","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023450,"text":"70023450 - 2001 - Mud volcanoes of the Orinoco Delta, Eastern Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023450","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mud volcanoes of the Orinoco Delta, Eastern Venezuela","docAbstract":"Mud volcanoes along the northwest margin of the Orinoco Delta are part of a regional belt of soft sediment deformation and diapirism that formed in response to rapid foredeep sedimentation and subsequent tectonic compression along the Caribbean-South American plate boundary. Field studies of five mud volcanoes show that such structures consist of a central mound covered by active and inactive vents. Inactive vents and mud flows are densely vegetated, whereas active vents are sparsely vegetated. Four out of the five mud volcanoes studied are currently active. Orinoco mud flows consist of mud and clayey silt matrix surrounding lithic clasts of varying composition. Preliminary analysis suggests that the mud volcano sediment is derived from underlying Miocene and Pliocene strata. Hydrocarbon seeps are associated with several of the active mud volcanoes. Orinoco mud volcanoes overlie the crest of a mud-diapir-cored anticline located along the axis of the Eastern Venezuelan Basin. Faulting along the flank of the Pedernales mud volcano suggests that fluidized sediment and hydrocarbons migrate to the surface along faults produced by tensional stresses along the crest of the anticline. Orinoco mud volcanoes highlight the proximity of this major delta to an active plate margin and the importance of tectonic influences on its development. Evaluation of the Orinoco Delta mud volcanoes and those elsewhere indicates that these features are important indicators of compressional tectonism along deformation fronts of plate margins. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00065-4","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Aslan, A., Warne, A., White, W., Guevara, E., Smyth, R., Raney, J.A., and Gibeaut, J., 2001, Mud volcanoes of the Orinoco Delta, Eastern Venezuela: Geomorphology, v. 41, no. 4, p. 323-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00065-4.","startPage":"323","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207450,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00065-4"},{"id":232405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f84e4b0c8380cd70fd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aslan, A.","contributorId":9802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aslan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warne, A.G.","contributorId":97669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warne","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, W.A.","contributorId":24489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guevara, E.H.","contributorId":89693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guevara","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smyth, R.C.","contributorId":41994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smyth","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Raney, J. A.","contributorId":87718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raney","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gibeaut, J.C.","contributorId":76508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibeaut","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023777,"text":"70023777 - 2001 - Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T15:20:26","indexId":"70023777","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon","docAbstract":"<p>Binary coded wire tags (CWTs) are used extensively for identification and management of anadromous salmonid populations. A study of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in two brood year groups of hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha provided strong evidence that horizontal transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of BKD, might be enhanced by CWT-marking procedures. About 4 months after CWTs were implanted in the snouts of juvenile fish, 14-16 different tissues were sampled from each of 60 fish per brood year group for histological analysis. Of the fish that were positive for R. salmoninarum by histological examination, 41% (7 of 17) of the 1988 brood year fish and 24% (10 of 42) of the 1989 brood year fish had BKD lesions confined to the head near the site of tag implantation. These lesions often resulted in the destruction of tissues of one or both olfactory organs. No focal snout infections were observed in fish that had not been marked with CWTs. Further data obtained from tissue analyses by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a fluorescent antibody test for detection of R. salmoninarum supported the hypothesis that infections of R. salmoninarum can be initiated in the snout tissues of CWT-marked fish and then spread to other organs. The tagging procedures might promote transmission of the pathogen among fish via contaminated tagging needles, by facilitating the entry of pathogens through the injection wound, or both. Limited evidence from this study suggested that implantation of passive integrated transponder tags in the peritoneal cavities of fish might also promote the transmission of R. salmoninarum or exacerbate existing infections. The results indicated a need for strict sanitary procedures during the tagging of fish in populations positive for R. salmoninarum to reduce the probability of enhanced horizontal transmission of the pathogen.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0181:ETCWTP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., and Pascho, R., 2001, Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 13, no. 3, p. 181-193, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0181:ETCWTP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0181:ETCWTP>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d71e4b0c8380cd5300b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023609,"text":"70023609 - 2001 - Infiltration of late Palaeozoic evaporative brines in the reelfoot rift: A possible salt source for Illinois Basin formation waters and MVT mineralizing fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T20:03:42","indexId":"70023609","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3042,"text":"Petroleum Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infiltration of late Palaeozoic evaporative brines in the reelfoot rift: A possible salt source for Illinois Basin formation waters and MVT mineralizing fluids","docAbstract":"Salinities and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits provide important insights into the regional hydrology of the Illinois basin/Reelfoot rift system in late Palaeozoic time. Although the thermal regime of this basin system has been plausibly explained, the origin of high salinities in the basin fluids remains enigmatic. Topographically driven flow appears to have been essential in forming these MVT districts, as well as many other districts worldwide. However, this type of flow is recharged by fresh water making it difficult to account for the high salinities of the mineralizing fluids over extended time periods. Results of numerical experiments carried out in this study provide a possible solution to the salinity problem presented by the MVT zinc-lead and fluorite districts at the margins of the basin system. Evaporative concentration of surface water and subsequent infiltration into the subsurface are proposed to account for large volumes of brine that are ultimately responsible for mineralization of these districts. This study demonstrates that under a range of geologically reasonable conditions, brine infiltration into an aquifer in the deep subsurface can coexist with topographically driven flow. Infiltration combined with regional flow and local magmatic heat sources in the Reelfoot rift explain the brine concentrations as well as the temperatures observed in the Southern Illinois and Upper Mississippi Valley districts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/petgeo.7.3.269","issn":"13540793","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E., and De Marsily, G., 2001, Infiltration of late Palaeozoic evaporative brines in the reelfoot rift: A possible salt source for Illinois Basin formation waters and MVT mineralizing fluids: Petroleum Geoscience, v. 7, no. 3, p. 269-279, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo.7.3.269.","startPage":"269","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269822,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo.7.3.269"},{"id":232336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3af5e4b0c8380cd620f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, E. L. 0000-0001-5753-6189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":34921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Marsily, G.","contributorId":8262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Marsily","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023491,"text":"70023491 - 2001 - Toward a national fuels mapping strategy: Lessons from selected mapping programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:43:40","indexId":"70023491","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a national fuels mapping strategy: Lessons from selected mapping programs","docAbstract":"<p><span>The establishment of a robust national fuels mapping program must be based on pertinent lessons from relevant national mapping programs. Many large-area mapping programs are under way in numerous Federal agencies. Each of these programs follows unique strategies to achieve mapping goals and objectives. Implementation approaches range from highly centralized programs that use tightly integrated standards and dedicated staff, to dispersed programs that permit considerable flexibility. One model facilitates national consistency, while the other allows accommodation of locally relevant conditions and issues. An examination of the programmatic strategies of four national vegetation and land cover mapping initiatives can identify the unique approaches, accomplishments, and lessons of each that should be considered in the design of a national fuel mapping program. The first three programs are the U.S. Geological Survey Gap Analysis Program, the U.S. Geological Survey National Land Cover Characterization Program, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Survey National Wetlands Inventory. A fourth program, the interagency Multiresolution Land Characterization Program, offers insights in the use of partnerships to accomplish mapping goals. Collectively, the programs provide lessons, guiding principles, and other basic concepts that can be used to design a successful national fuels mapping initiative.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WF01030","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T.R., 2001, Toward a national fuels mapping strategy: Lessons from selected mapping programs: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 10, no. 4, p. 289-299, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF01030.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b0e4b08c986b326828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023657,"text":"70023657 - 2001 - The Precambrian terranes of Yemen and their correlation with those of Saudi Arabia and Somalia: Implications for the accretion of Gondwana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T16:16:08","indexId":"70023657","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1848,"text":"Gondwana Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Precambrian terranes of Yemen and their correlation with those of Saudi Arabia and Somalia: Implications for the accretion of Gondwana","docAbstract":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p><span>Most of the basement of Yemen consists of early Precambrian continental high-grade terranes and Neoproterozoic low-grade island arcs that were accreted together to form an arc-continent collage during the Pan-African orogeny (Windley et al., 1996; Whitehouse et al., 1998; Whitehouse et al., in press). The suture zones between the arc and gneiss terranes are major crustal- scale tectonic boundaries. The terranes are situated east of the Nabitah suture and of the collage of low-grade, mainly island arc terranes of the Arabian Shield, but they have been reworked by a Neoproterozoic event associated with island arc accretion. Further east in Yemen are mostly unconformable, very weakly deformed and very low-grade&nbsp;</span>or unmetamorphosed sediments. Thus Yemen provides key information on the broad zone of Neoproterozoic reworking associated with the collisional boundary between western and eastern Gondwana.&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Gondwana Research","publisherLocation":"Osaka, Japan","doi":"10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70697-3","issn":"1342937X","usgsCitation":"Windley, B., Whitehouse, M., Stoeser, D.B., Al-Khirbash, S., Ba-Bttat, M.A., and Al-Ghotbah, A., 2001, The Precambrian terranes of Yemen and their correlation with those of Saudi Arabia and Somalia: Implications for the accretion of Gondwana: Gondwana Research, v. 4, no. 2, p. 206-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70697-3.","productDescription":"2 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B.","contributorId":18735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Al-Khirbash, S.","contributorId":8259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Khirbash","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ba-Bttat, M. A. O.","contributorId":31160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ba-Bttat","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Al-Ghotbah, A.","contributorId":8646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Ghotbah","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023449,"text":"70023449 - 2001 - Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023449","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey is building models of the Florida Everglades to be used in managing south Florida surface water flows for habitat restoration and maintenance. Because of the low gradients in the Everglades, vegetation structural characteristics are very important and greatly influence surface water flow and distribution. Vegetation density is being evaluated as an index of surface resistance to flow. Digital multispectral videography (DMSV) has been captured over several sites just before field collection of vegetation data. Linear regression has been used to establish a relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values computed from the DMSV and field-collected biomass and density estimates. Spatial analysis applied to the DMSV data indicates that thematic mapper (TM) resolution is at the limit required to capture land surface heterogeneity. The TM data collected close to the time of the DMSV will be used to derive a regional sawgrass density map.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.W., 2001, Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 267, p. 507-512.","startPage":"507","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"267","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3878e4b0c8380cd6159b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1016203,"text":"1016203 - 2001 - Myrmecophagy by Yellowstone grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T16:43:52.108766","indexId":"1016203","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Myrmecophagy by Yellowstone grizzly bears","docAbstract":"<p><span>I used data collected during a study of radio-marked grizzly bears (</span><i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i><span>) in the Yellowstone region from 1977 to 1992 to investigate myrmecophagy by this population. Although generally not an important source of energy for the bears (averaging &lt;5% of fecal volume at peak consumption), ants may have been an important source of protein during midsummer and were heavily consumed during some years. Myrmecophagy was most common annually when known high-quality foods were scarce, as well as during the warmest months of the study, when regional average temperatures exceeded 12–15°C. Bears tended to select large ants (&gt;8 mm long) nested in logs over small ants (</span><span class=\"inline-graphic\"><img src=\"https://cdnsciencepub.com/cms/10.1139/z01-034/asset/images/ls.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"8\" height=\"9\" data-mce-src=\"https://cdnsciencepub.com/cms/10.1139/z01-034/asset/images/ls.gif\"></span><span>6 mm long) nested under stones. Optimal conditions for consumption of ants occurred on the warmest sites with ample substrate suitable for ant nests. For ants in mounds, this occurred at low elevations at non-forested sites. For ants in logs, this occurred at low elevations or on southerly aspects where there was abundant, large-diameter, well-decomposed woody debris under an open forest canopy. Grizzly bears selected moderately decomposed logs 4–5 dm in diameter at midpoint. Ants will likely become a more important food for Yellowstone's grizzly bears as currently important foods decline, owing to disease and warming of the regional climate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z01-034","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D.J., 2001, Myrmecophagy by Yellowstone grizzly bears: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 79, no. 5, p. 779-793, https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-034.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"793","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.09100341796875,\n              44.12702800650004\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.95391845703125,\n              44.12702800650004\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.95391845703125,\n              45.03859654645257\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09100341796875,\n              45.03859654645257\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09100341796875,\n              44.12702800650004\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, David J. david_mattson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"david_mattson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023448,"text":"70023448 - 2001 - Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:05:27.442134","indexId":"70023448","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes","docAbstract":"Modeling of gravity and magnetic data shows that areally extensive mafic and ultramafic rocks of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, are at least 8 km thick, and that gabbro and ultramafic rocks underlie basalt in several places. The basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks have been considered parts of a far-traveled ophiolite assemblage. These rocks are the highest structural elements in the Brooks Range thrust belt and are thought to be hundreds of kilometers north of their origin. This requires these rocks to be thin klippen without geologic ties to the continental shelf sedimentary rocks that now surround them. The geophysically determined, thick and interleaved subsurface character of the basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks is inconsistent with this interpretation. An origin within an extensional setting on the continental shelf could produce the required subsurface geometries and explain other perplexing characteristics of these rocks. Early Mesozoic Alaska, from the North Slope southward to the interior, may have had many irregular extensional basins on a broad, distal continental shelf. This original tectonic setting may apply elsewhere in Cordilleran-type margins where appropriate mafic and ultramafic analogs are present.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1151:RBROIF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Morin, R.L., and Hudson, T.L., 2001, Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes: Geology, v. 29, no. 12, p. 1151-1154, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1151:RBROIF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.849609375,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.65429687499997,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.65429687499997,\n              69.11561106499448\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.849609375,\n              69.11561106499448\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.849609375,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae8be4b0c8380cd8710f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morin, R. L.","contributorId":95484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023447,"text":"70023447 - 2001 - Diets of nesting laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: observations from stable isotope analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-20T15:03:46","indexId":"70023447","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2114,"text":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diets of nesting laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: observations from stable isotope analysis","docAbstract":"Food web studies often ignore details of temporal, spatial, and intrapopulation dietary variation in top-level consumers. In this study, intrapopulation dietary variation of a dominant carnivore, the Laughing Gull (<i>Larus atricilla</i>), was examined using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope analysis of gull tissues as well as their prey (fish, invertebrates, and insects) from the Virginia Coast Reserve estuarine system. As earlier traditional diet studies found evidence of individual dietary specialization within gull populations, this study used stable isotope analysis to assess specialization in a coastal Laughing Gull population. Specifically, blood, muscle, and feather isotope values indicated significant intrapopulation dietary specialization. Some gulls relied more heavily on estuarine prey (mean blood δ<sup>13</sup>C = -17.5, δ<sup>15</sup>N = 12.6, and δ<sup>34</sup>S = 9.3), whereas others appeared to consume more foods of marine origin (mean blood δ<sup>13</sup>C = -19.4, δ<sup>15</sup>N = 14.8, and δ<sup>34</sup>S = 10.4). It is important to account for such dietary variability when assessing trophic linkages in dynamic estuarine systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/10256010108033282","issn":"10256016","usgsCitation":"Knoff, A.J., Macko, S., and Erwin, R., 2001, Diets of nesting laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: observations from stable isotope analysis: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 37, no. 1, p. 67-88, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256010108033282.","startPage":"67","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284339,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256010108033282"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00e5e4b0c8380cd4f9a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knoff, A. J.","contributorId":80384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoff","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macko, S.A.","contributorId":105408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macko","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023607,"text":"70023607 - 2001 - A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum stream temperatures across montane landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T18:56:31.073778","indexId":"70023607","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum stream temperatures across montane landscapes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Temperature is an important variable structuring lotic biotas, but little is known about how montane landscapes function to determine stream temperatures. We developed an&nbsp;</span><i>a priori</i><span>&nbsp;hypothesis that was used to predict how watershed elements would interact to affect stream temperatures. The hypothesis was tested in a series of path analyses using temperature data from 26 sites on second-order to fourth-order streams across a fifth-order Rocky Mountain watershed. Based on the performance of the first hypothesis, two revised versions of the hypothesis were developed and tested that proved to be more accurate than the original hypothesis. The most plausible of the revised hypotheses accounted for 82 percent of the variation in maximum stream temperature, had a predicted data structure that did not deviate from the empirical data structure, and was the most parsimonious. The final working hypothesis suggested that stream temperature maxima were directly controlled by a large negative effect from mean basin elevation (direct effect = -0.57, p &lt; 0.01) and smaller effects from riparian tree abundance (direct effect = -0.28, p = 0.03), and cattle density (direct effect = 0.24, p = 0.05). Watershed slope, valley constraint, and the abundance of grass across a watershed also affected temperature maxima, but these effects were indirect and mediated through cattle density and riparian trees. Three variables included in the&nbsp;</span><i>a priori</i><span>&nbsp;hypothesis - watershed aspect, stream width, and watershed size - had negligible effects on maximum stream temperatures and were omitted from the final working hypothesis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00974.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Isaak, D., and Hubert, W., 2001, A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum stream temperatures across montane landscapes: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 351-366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00974.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"366","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains, Salt River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.04616216808714,\n              43.139890723203564\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.12977536271666,\n              43.115178631422054\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.21891670244534,\n              43.046032664721\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.16225321517591,\n              42.92825485488726\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.25277659117977,\n              42.933586502246754\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2873274980514,\n              42.91688872736688\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.24241131911826,\n              42.80342663865923\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.18367477743647,\n              42.70245285912256\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.21960772058291,\n              42.568114256462025\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.24379335539305,\n              42.5019200086148\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.21200652107103,\n              42.43361558854676\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1422136891907,\n              42.279651660366284\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.22582688382019,\n              42.207059013844685\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2230628112706,\n              42.106656327510365\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.04547114995007,\n              42.000959395705166\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8913741053025,\n              42.11332062139613\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.83471061803309,\n              42.26415344505111\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.79946869302336,\n              42.460279038075896\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.76284473173988,\n              42.51541115932892\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.81121600136017,\n              42.64261801863492\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.844384871957,\n              42.75586751710034\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8430028356822,\n              42.93860139371591\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.90864955873833,\n              43.002309708424235\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.93283519354848,\n              43.100775805618156\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.96531304600808,\n              43.13104126026653\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.04616216808714,\n              43.139890723203564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42be4b0c8380cd46472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023606,"text":"70023606 - 2001 - Effects of whirling disease on selected hematological parameters in rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T18:06:48.231031","indexId":"70023606","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of whirling disease on selected hematological parameters in rainbow trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hematological responses to whirling disease in rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) were investigated. Two-mo-old fingerling rainbow trout were exposed to cultured triactinomyxon spores of&nbsp;</span><i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i><span>&nbsp;at 9,000 spores/fish in December, 1997. Twenty-four wks post-exposure, fish were taken from infected and uninfected groups for peripheral blood and cranial tissue sampling. Histological observations on cranial tissues confirmed&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>&nbsp;infection in all exposed fish. Differences in hematological parameters between the two groups included significantly lower total leukocyte and small lymphocyte counts for the infected fish. No effects on hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, or other differential leukocyte counts were noted.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.2.375","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C.L., Blazer, V., Waldrop, T., and Pooler, P., 2001, Effects of whirling disease on selected hematological parameters in rainbow trout: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 2, p. 375-378, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.2.375.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"378","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478943,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.2.375","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n   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           -79.27256057962742,\n              39.37289147170847\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.30551956400213,\n              39.31341654477794\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.35495804056487,\n              39.300665333920705\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4922871421273,\n              39.21559790142993\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.66257522806512,\n              38.58718994735622\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0843e4b0c8380cd51a4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldrop, T.B.","contributorId":82262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pooler, P.S.","contributorId":78686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pooler","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023776,"text":"70023776 - 2001 - Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T11:00:49","indexId":"70023776","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estuaries receive large quantities of suspended sediments following the first major storm of the water year. The first-flush events transport the majority of suspended sediments in any given year, and because of their relative freshness in the hydrologic system, these sediments may carry a significant amount of the sediment-associated pesticide load transported into estuaries. To characterize sediment-associated pesticides during a first-flush event, water and suspended sediment samples were collected at the head of the San Francisco Bay during the peak in suspended sediment concentration that followed the first major storm of the 1996 hydrologic year. Samples were analyzed for a variety of parameters as well as 19 pesticides and degradation products that span a wide range of hydrophobicity. Tidal mixing at the head of the estuary mixed relatively fresh suspended sediment transported down the rivers with suspended sediments in estuary waters. Segregation of the samples into groups with similar degrees of mixing between river and estuary water revealed that transport of suspended sediments from the Sacramento-San Joaquin drainage basin strongly influenced the concentration and distribution of sediment-associated pesticides entering the San Francisco Bay. The less-mixed suspended sediment contained a different distribution of pesticides than the sediments exposed to greater mixing. Temporal trends were evident in pesticide content after samples were segregated according to mixing history. These results indicate sampling strategies that collect at a low frequency or do not compare samples with similar mixing histories will not elucidate basin processes. Despite the considerable influence of mixing, a large number of pesticides were found associated with the suspended sediments. Few pesticides were found in the concurrent water samples and in concentrations much lower than predicted from equilibrium partitioning between the aqueous and sedimentary phases. The observed sediment-associated pesticide concentrations may reflect disequilibria between sedimentary and aqueous phases resulting from long equilibration times at locations where pesticides were applied, and relatively short transit times over which re-equilibration may occur.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353239","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B.A., Kuivila, K., and Fram, M.S., 2001, Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996: Estuaries, v. 24, no. 3, p. 368-380, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353239.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"368","endPage":"380","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7736e4b0c8380cd7844c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":190790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023605,"text":"70023605 - 2001 - The concept of hydrologic landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T18:30:52.645765","indexId":"70023605","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The concept of hydrologic landscapes","docAbstract":"Hydrologic landscapes are multiples or variations of fundamental hydrologic landscape units. A fundamental hydrologic landscape unit is defined on the basis of land-surface form, geology, and climate. The basic land-surface form of a fundamental hydrologic landscape unit is an upland separated from a lowland by an intervening steeper slope. Fundamental hydrologic landscape units have a complete hydrologic system consisting of surface runoff, ground-water flow, and interaction with atmospheric water. By describing actual landscapes in terms of land-surface slope, hydraulic properties of soils and geologic framework, and the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration, the hydrologic system of actual landscapes can be conceptualized in a uniform way. This conceptual framework can then be the foundation for design of studies and data networks, syntheses of information on local to national scales, and comparison of process research across small study units in a variety of settings. The Crow Wing River watershed in central Minnesota is used as an example of evaluating stream discharge in the context of hydrologic landscapes. Lake-research watersheds in Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Nebraska are used as an example of using the hydrologic-landscapes concept to evaluate the effect of ground water on the degree of mineralization and major-ion chemistry of lakes that lie within ground-water flow systems.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00973.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 2001, The concept of hydrologic landscapes: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 335-349, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00973.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"349","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.639066,45.935318],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-104.048807,48.933636],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.878454,49.333193],[-94.640803,48.741171],[-93.818375,48.534442],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-91.781928,46.697604],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.327548,46.550262],[-89.929158,46.29975],[-88.141001,45.930608],[-88.13364,45.823128],[-87.831442,45.714938],[-87.887828,45.358122],[-87.647454,45.345232],[-87.72796,45.207956],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-90.614589,42.508053],[-91.078097,42.806526],[-91.177728,43.118733],[-91.062562,43.243165],[-91.217706,43.50055]]],[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-98.568936,42.998537],[-98.042011,42.767316],[-97.834172,42.868794],[-97.256752,42.853913],[-96.409408,42.487595],[-95.850188,41.184798],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.336242,40.019104],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-104.053249,41.001406]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa53e4b08c986b3227d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023493,"text":"70023493 - 2001 - Changes in the Onset of Spring in the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T06:27:53","indexId":"70023493","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the Onset of Spring in the Western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Fluctuations in spring climate in the western United States over the last 4-5 decades are described by examining changes in the blooming of plants and the timing of snowmelt-runoff pulses. The two measures of spring's onset that are employed are the timing of first bloom of lilac and honeysuckle bushes from a long-term cooperative phonological network, and the timing of the first major pulse of snowmelt recorded from high-elevation streams. Both measures contain year-to-year fluctuations, with typical year-to-year fluctuations at a given site of one to three weeks. These fluctuations are spatially coherent, forming regional patterns that cover most of the west. Fluctuations in lilac first bloom dates are highly correlated to those of honeysuckle, and both are significantly correlated with those of the spring snowmelt pulse. Each of these measures, then, probably respond to a common mechanism. Various analyses indicate that anomalous temperature exerts the greatest influence upon both interannual and secular changes in the onset of spring in these networks. Earlier spring onsets since the late 1970s are a remarkable feature of the records, and reflect the unusual spell of warmer-than-normal springs in western North America during this period. The warm episodes are clearly related to larger-scale atmospheric conditions across North America and the North Pacific, but whether this is predominantly an expression of natural variability or also a symptom of global warming is not certain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AMS","doi":"10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:CITOOS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Kammerdiener, S.A., Dettinger, M.D., Caprio, J.M., and Peterson, D.H., 2001, Changes in the Onset of Spring in the Western United States: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 82, no. 3, p. 399-415, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:CITOOS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"415","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:citoos>2.3.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42ee4b0c8380cd4bbb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kammerdiener, Susan A.","contributorId":17801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerdiener","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caprio, Joseph M.","contributorId":9808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caprio","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023679,"text":"70023679 - 2001 - Volcano collapse promoted by hydrothermal alteration and edifice shape, Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-06T06:39:27","indexId":"70023679","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano collapse promoted by hydrothermal alteration and edifice shape, Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"Catastrophic collapses of steep volcano flanks threaten many populated regions, and understanding factors that promote collapse could save lives and property. Large collapses of hydrothermally altered parts of Mount Rainier have generated far-traveled debris flows; future flows would threaten densely populated parts of the Puget Sound region. We evaluate edifice collapse hazards at Mount Rainier using a new three-dimensional slope stability method incorporating detailed geologic mapping and subsurface geophysical imaging to determine distributions of strong (fresh) and weak (altered) rock. Quantitative three-dimensional slope stability calculations reveal that sizeable flank collapse (>0.1 km3) is promoted by voluminous, weak, hydrothermally altered rock situated high on steep slopes. These conditions exist only on Mount Rainier's upper west slope, consistent with the Holocene debris-flow history. Widespread alteration on lower flanks or concealed in regions of gentle slope high on the edifice does not greatly facilitate collapse. Our quantitative stability assessment method can also provide useful hazard predictions using reconnaissance geologic information and is a potentially rapid and inexpensive new tool for aiding volcano hazard assessments.","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0779:VCPBHA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Reid, M., Sisson, T.W., and Brien, D., 2001, Volcano collapse promoted by hydrothermal alteration and edifice shape, Mount Rainier, Washington: Geology, v. 29, no. 9, p. 779-782, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0779:VCPBHA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"782","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.091064453125,\n              46.63057868059483\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              46.63057868059483\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              46.9989876381546\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.091064453125,\n              46.9989876381546\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.091064453125,\n              46.63057868059483\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc328e4b08c986b32afb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brien, D.L.","contributorId":43027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023599,"text":"70023599 - 2001 - Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by polycarboxylic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023599","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2222,"text":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by polycarboxylic acids","docAbstract":"Calcite crystal growth rates measured in the presence of several polycarboxyclic acids show that tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid (THFTCA) and cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid (CPTCA) are effective growth rate inhibitors at low solution concentrations (0.01 to 1 mg/L). In contrast, linear polycarbocylic acids (citric acid and tricarballylic acid) had no inhibiting effect on calcite growth rates at concentrations up to 10 mg/L. Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by cyclic polycarboxyclic acids appears to involve blockage of crystal growth sites on the mineral surface by several carboxylate groups. Growth morphology varied for growth in the absence and in the presence of both THFTCA and CPTCA. More effective growth rate reduction by CPTCA relative to THFTCA suggests that inhibitor carboxylate stereochemical orientation controls calcite surface interaction with carboxylate inhibitors. ?? 20O1 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jcis.2000.7378","issn":"00219797","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M., and Hoch, A., 2001, Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by polycarboxylic acids: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v. 235, no. 2, p. 365-370, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.7378.","startPage":"365","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207326,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.7378"},{"id":232179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"235","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f4e4b0c8380cd4b4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoch, A.R.","contributorId":71711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoch","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023775,"text":"70023775 - 2001 - Locating earthquakes: At what distance can the Earth no longer be treated as flat?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T17:23:37.545264","indexId":"70023775","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Locating earthquakes: At what distance can the Earth no longer be treated as flat?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.72.5.538","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Snoke, J., and Lahr, J., 2001, Locating earthquakes: At what distance can the Earth no longer be treated as flat?: Seismological Research Letters, v. 72, no. 5, p. 538-541, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.5.538.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"541","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"72","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48fee4b0c8380cd682ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snoke, J.A.","contributorId":23310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahr, J.C.","contributorId":34892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023680,"text":"70023680 - 2001 - Body conditions and stomach contents of subadult trout during fall and winter in three Wyoming tailwaters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023680","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body conditions and stomach contents of subadult trout during fall and winter in three Wyoming tailwaters","docAbstract":"We studied three tailwaters in Wyoming from October 1997 through February 1998 to determine whether body conditions of stocked, subadult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss or cutthroat trout O. clarki declined from fall through winter and to assess whether lack of food in stomachs might be related to any declines. Body conditions of rainbow trout in two tailwaters remained high through the winter. Body conditions of cutthroat trout in a third tailwater declined between October and February but not to levels anticipated to affect the overwinter survival of the fish. Trout with substantial amounts of food in their stomachs were found throughout the fall and winter in all three tailwaters. In no subadult trout in any of the three tailwaters did we observe rapid declines in body conditions during fall or continuous declines in body conditions to very low levels by the end of winter in association with low biomass of food in stomachs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0897:BCASCO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Hebdon, J., and Hubert, W., 2001, Body conditions and stomach contents of subadult trout during fall and winter in three Wyoming tailwaters: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 4, p. 897-903, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0897:BCASCO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"897","endPage":"903","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207328,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0897:BCASCO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1f3e4b0c8380cd4af03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hebdon, J.L.","contributorId":66549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebdon","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023598,"text":"70023598 - 2001 - The roles of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of plant diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-24T13:16:11","indexId":"70023598","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The roles of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of plant diversity","docAbstract":"Considerable debate has developed over the importance of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of community diversity. Attempts to explain patterns of plant diversity as a function of community biomass or productivity have been only partially successful and in general, have explained only a fraction of the observed variation in diversity. At the same time studies that have focused on the importance of species pools have led some to conclude that diversity is primarily regulated in the short term by the size of the species pool rather than by biotic interactions. In this paper, I explore how community biomass and species pools may work in combination to regulate diversity in herbaceous plant communities. To address this problem, I employ a simple model in which the dynamics of species richness are a function of aboveground community biomass and environmentally controlled gradients in species pools. Model results lead to two main predictions about the role of biomass regulation: (1) Seasonal dynamics of richness will tend to follow a regular oscillation, with richness rising to peak values during the early to middle portion of the growing season and then declining during the latter part of the season. (2.) Seasonal dieback of aboveground tissues facilitates the long-term maintenance of high levels of richness in the community. The persistence of aboveground tissues and accumulation of litter are especially important in limiting the number of species through the suppression of recruitment. Model results also lead to two main predictions about the role of species pools: (1) The height and position of peak richness relative to community biomass will be influenced by the rate at which the species pool increases as available soil resources increase. (2) Variations in nonresource environmental factors (e.g. soil pH or soil salinity) have the potential to regulate species pools in a way that is uncorrelated with aboveground biomass. Under extreme conditions, such nonresource effects can create a unimodal envelope of biomass-richness values. Available evidence from the literature provides partial support for these predictions, though additional data are needed to provide more convincing tests.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920201.x","issn":"00301299","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., 2001, The roles of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of plant diversity: Oikos, v. 92, no. 2, p. 193-207, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920201.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafa5e4b08c986b324952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023446,"text":"70023446 - 2001 - Use of stable sulfur isotopes to identify sources of sulfate in Rocky Mountain snowpacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70023446","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of stable sulfur isotopes to identify sources of sulfate in Rocky Mountain snowpacks","docAbstract":"Stable sulfur isotope ratios and major ions in bulk snowpack samples were monitored at a network of 52 high-elevation sites along and near the Continental Divide from 1993 to 1999. This information was collected to better define atmospheric deposition to remote areas of the Rocky Mountains and to help identify the major source regions of sulfate in winter deposition. Average annual ??34S values at individual sites ranged from + 4.0 to + 8.2??? and standard deviations ranged from 0.4 to 1.6???. The chemical composition of all samples was extremely dilute and slightly acidic; average sulfate concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 12.2 ??eql-1 and pH ranged from 4.82 to 5.70. The range of ??34S values measured in this study indicated that snowpack sulfur in the Rocky Mountains is primarily derived from anthropogenic sources. A nearly linear relation between ??34S and latitude was observed for sites in New Mexico, Colorado, and southern Wyoming, which indicates that snowpack sulfate in the southern part of the network was derived from two isotopically distinct source regions. Because the major point sources of SO2 in the region are coal-fired powerplants, this pattern may reflect variations in the isotopic composition of coals burned by the plants. The geographic pattern in ??34S for sites farther to the north in Wyoming and Montana was much less distinct, perhaps rflecting the paucity of major point sources of SO2 in the northern part of the network.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00507-0","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Mast, M., Turk, J., Ingersoll, G., Clow, D.W., and Kester, C., 2001, Use of stable sulfur isotopes to identify sources of sulfate in Rocky Mountain snowpacks: Atmospheric Environment, v. 35, no. 19, p. 3303-3313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00507-0.","startPage":"3303","endPage":"3313","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00507-0"},{"id":232328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf87e4b08c986b329bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, G.P.","contributorId":36923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, D. W.","contributorId":23531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kester, C.L.","contributorId":44874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kester","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023774,"text":"70023774 - 2001 - A metadata initiative for global information discovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023774","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1850,"text":"Government Information Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A metadata initiative for global information discovery","docAbstract":"The Global Information Locator Service (GILS) encompasses a global vision framed by the fundamental values of open societies. Societal values such as a free flow of information impose certain requirements on the society's information infrastructure. These requirements in turn shape the various laws, policies, standards, and technologies that determine the infrastructure design. A particular focus of GILS is the requirement to provide the means for people to discover sources of data and information. Information discovery in the GILS vision is designed to be decentralized yet coherent, and globally comprehensive yet useful for detailed data. This article introduces basic concepts and design issues, with emphasis on the techniques by which GILS supports interoperability. It explains the practical implications of GILS for the common roles of organizations involved in handling information, from content provider through system engineer and intermediary to searcher. The article provides examples of GILS initiatives in various types of communities: bibliographic, geographic, environmental, and government. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Government Information Quarterly","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0740-624X(01)00074-0","issn":"0740624X","usgsCitation":"Christian, E., 2001, A metadata initiative for global information discovery: Government Information Quarterly, v. 18, no. 3, p. 209-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-624X(01)00074-0.","startPage":"209","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207460,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-624X(01)00074-0"},{"id":232426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e44de4b0c8380cd4657c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christian, E.","contributorId":99318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}