To address the lack of information on the spatial and temporal variability of recharge to groundwater systems in Maine, a study was initiated in cooperation with the Maine Geological Survey to use the U.S. Geological Survey Soil-Water-Balance model to evaluate annual average potential recharge across the State over a 25-year period from 1991 to 2015. The Maine Soil-Water-Balance model was calibrated using annual observations of recharge, runoff, and evapotranspiration for 32 calibration watersheds in the State during 2001–12 (902 total observations). Observations of recharge, runoff, and evapotranspiration were developed for each watershed to reduce the possibility of nonunique combinations of model parameters during the calibration. The Maine Soil-Water-Balance model was run using an optional evapotranspiration calculation method that provides more control for calibration than the standard method. The model was calibrated using the Parameter ESTimation software suite.
The overall mean model error (average of all annual residuals for recharge, runoff, and precipitation) was 0.39 inch. The mean of the absolute value of the residuals, or the mean absolute error, was 2.32 inches. The root mean squared error for the calibrated model overall was 3.14 inches. Statistical tests indicated that the model residuals are normally distributed. To determine the potential uncertainty in the median annual potential recharge that results from uncertainty in the parameters as they relate to information contained in the observations, 300 alternate model realizations were run, and the standard deviation of the median potential recharge value at every pixel was calculated.
Simulated 25-year median potential recharge across the State is widely variable; this variability closely follows patterns of precipitation, with additional variability contributed by the patchwork nature of the combinations of land-use class and hydrologic soil group inputs, and distribution of available water capacity in the soil across the State. Overall, the 25-year median annual potential recharge across the State is 7.5 inches, ranging from a low of about 5 inches to over 30 inches. The statewide range in the 25-year minimum values is from just over 2 inches to just over 20 inches. The statewide range in the 25-year maximum potential recharge is between 15 and 48 inches per year.
The model areas with the highest simulated median potential recharge include areas underlain by type A soils (sandy and well drained), particularly those that also have land uses with low or little vegetation (blueberry barrens, developed, open space, scrub/shrub, and cropland, for example). The potential recharge values for these areas are similar to previously published values for comparable soil types.
The 25-year average potential recharge grids were compared to recharge evaluated through groundwater-flow models or other methods in four hydrogeologic settings at six study areas in the State. A key factor in the ability of the Soil-Water-Balance model to reproduce the earlier study results was whether the available water-capacity data were an appropriate match for the hydrologic soil groups. The Maine Soil-Water-Balance model does a good job in representing an accurate potential recharge under circumstances where the surficial mapped soils extend below the surface to the water-table aquifer and where the available water-capacity data are in an appropriate range for the hydrologic soil group. One hydrogeologic setting that was challenging for the model was where a silt and clay layer was below a shallow soil unit that did not have available water-capacity data that were appropriate for the hydrologic soil group. In these cases, typically the available water-capacity data were very low, not accounting for the impedance of water flow provided by the underlying soil. The model also does not simulate well areas where bedrock surfaces are above the water table but below the plant rooting zone.
The data products accompanying this report are intended to be used to provide first-cut estimates of recharge for geographic areas no smaller than the smallest watersheds used in the calibration of the model—or about 1.5 square miles. It is recommended that the grids are used to calculate an area-wide average potential recharge for any given area of study, and an uncertainty around the mean should be calculated from the standard deviation grid at the same time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M.G., and Westenbroek, S.M., 2019, Groundwater recharge estimates for Maine using a Soil-Water-Balance model—25-year average, range, and uncertainty, 1991 to 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5125, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195125.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 56 p.; Tables; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106360","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380621,"rank":7,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
The Bi-State Distinct Population Segment (Bi-State DPS) of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereinafter “sage-grouse”) represents a genetically distinct and geographically isolated population that straddles the border between Nevada and California. The primary threat to these sage-grouse populations is the expansion of single-leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) into sagebrush ecosystems, which fragments and reduces population connectivity and survival. Other important threats include low water availability during brood-rearing, particularly during drought, and increased predation by common ravens (Corvus corax), a generalist predator often associated with anthropogenic resource subsidies. Although the Bi-State DPS occurs at high elevations relative to sage-grouse range-wide, changes in historical wildfire cycles and the conversion of native shrubs to invasive annual grasslands still threaten these populations. The Bi-State DPS has undergone multiple federal status assessments and associated litigation. For example, in October of 2013, the Bi-State DPS was proposed for listing as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), then withdrawn in April 2015. The withdrawal decision was challenged, and in May 2018, a Federal district court ordered the withdrawal decision to be vacated, and USFWS was required to re-open the October 2013 listing evaluation.
In response, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), with State and Federal collaborators, embarked on a multipronged analysis to provide current and best available science regarding population status of sage-grouse within the Bi-State DPS. Using data from a long-term monitoring program, we carried out four analytical study objectives, and here, we provide preliminary results of these analyses. First, we used integrated population modeling (IPM) to predict annual population abundance and annual finite rate of population change for the Bi-State DPS, as a whole, and for each subpopulation between 1995 and 2018. Because sage-grouse exhibit population cycles (periodic increases and decreases in abundance across approximately 6- to 10-year wavelengths), we estimated trends across three nested temporal scales that represent one (11 years), two (18 years), and three (24 years) complete population cycles. These estimates of relatively long-term averaged population change account for temporal (that is, interannual) variation. Our model predicted population abundance for the Bi-State DPS during 2018 at 3,305 individuals (2,247–4,683), with the majority occupying Bodie Hills and Long Valley. The model also predicted cyclic dynamics in abundance through time with evidence of 24-year population growth and slight trends of decline over the past 18 years. Specifically, across the Bi-State DPS as a whole, we estimated annual average at 0.99, 0.99, and 1.02 over the one, two, and three population cycles, which equated to a 10.5 percent, 16.6 percent decrease, and 60.0 percent increase in abundance over the 11-, 18-, and 24-year cycles. Estimated abundance in 2018 had not reached numbers lower than those predicted during 1995. However, we found spatial variation in population trends across the three cycles. Bodie Hills subpopulation comprised the greatest (1,521) and exhibited average annual greater than 1.0 across all periods resulting in average annual increases of 7 percent. This relatively large subpopulation has grown 5 times larger than what was predicted in 1995 while experiencing cyclical dynamics within that period.
Conversely, other smaller subpopulations within the Bi-State DPS exhibited average annual equal to or less than 1.0 resulting in estimated 10-year risks of extirpation ranging from 2.0 to 76.1 percent. In general, evidence of decline among smaller subpopulations was greatest for the most recent period (2008–18) compared to a period that encompassed three full population cycles (24-year). This difference coincides with an intense period of drought that began in 2012.
For comparative purposes as part of this first objective, we conducted a similar analysis for populations of sage-grouse within Nevada and California but outside the Bi-State DPS. We developed a region-wide and distance-weighted IPM using lek count from Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) and California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) databases and with telemetry data collected by USGS across 12 sage-grouse subpopulations. Our models predicted similar patterns in population cycling outside the Bi-State DPS but with much stronger evidence of long-term declines across 24 years. Specifically, median averaged across each year of the 11-, 18-, and 24-year periods resulted in average annual values of 0.94, 0.97, and 0.99, respectively. These values equate to 41.0 percent, 38.5 percent, and 21.3 percent declines over the corresponding periods.
Second, we used lek count data in a state-space modeling framework to compare trends in population abundance across different spatial scales (that is, leks versus Bi-State DPS). This hierarchical framework allowed us to disentangle declines associated with climate conditions as opposed to other local level factors that might signal the need for management intervention. Specifically, we identified 7 leks that were both declining and recently decoupled from larger spatial scale trends, typically governed by climatic conditions (referred to as soft or hard signals). The goal of this analysis was to provide an early warning system that might have implications for conservation actions at local scales.
Third, we developed phenological (spring, summer–fall, and winter) and reproductive life stage (nesting, early brood-rearing, and late-brood rearing) based resource selection functions using various environmental covariates. We report rankings of variable importance for each season and life stage, developed maps of habitat selection indices (HSI), binned categories representing low, moderate, and high classes of quality (where any category greater than or equal to low indicated selected habitat) for each phenological season and life stage, and produced composite maps by selected phenological and reproductive stage to estimate annual habitat.
Fourth, we used for each lek within the Bi-State DPS to carry out a spatial analysis that quantified substantial changes in the distribution of occupied habitat across long- (24-year) and short- (11-year) term periods. Owing to differences among available datasets, the long-term analysis primarily reflected spatial shifts among subpopulations comprising the majority of the Bi-State DPS (that is, Bodie Hills and Long Valley) while the short-term analysis also quantified changes among subpopulations along the periphery. Over long and short-term periods, the overall distribution of occupied habitat (as measured by 99 percent utilization distributions intersecting any quantified habitat) was reduced by 20,573 ha and 55,492 ha, respectively. Occupied core areas (as measured by 50 percent utilization distributions intersecting any quantified habitat) over long-term periods were solely located in Bodie Hills and Long Valley. Although nearly all subpopulations experienced contractions in occupied overall and core distribution, Bodie Hills experienced spatial expansion that occurred with concomitant spatial contraction at Long Valley over both periods. Subpopulations at the northern (Pine Nuts), central (Sagehen) and southern (White-Mountains) extents of the Bi-State DPS also experienced spatial contraction over the short-term period. These findings, coupled with those of population trends, indicate long-term patterns in redistribution of sage-grouse from Long Valley and peripheral subpopulations to Bodie Hills. That is, sage-grouse subpopulations at the periphery are declining while the largest population at the core is increasing, which could have meaningful impacts on overall metapopulation persistence. We provide evidence for loss of occupied habitat (reduced distribution) given local extirpation of subpopulations.
Fifth, we calculated percentages of selected phenological, life stage, and annual habitat that each subpopulation contributed to the Bi-State DPS. We then intersected these maps with a composite estimate of occupied habitat from the fourth objective and calculated percentages of selected habitat likely occupied by sage-grouse that each subpopulation contributed to the Bi-State DPS. These values provide evidence for loss of occupied habitat and subsequent reductions in spatial distribution given reductions in abundance and, in some cases, extirpation of leks within subpopulations.
Lastly, we carried out an initial in-depth analysis of selection for irrigated pastures and wet meadows during the brood-rearing stage for the Long Valley subpopulation. We chose this subpopulation because it represents a population core, representing 26.5 percent of total sage-grouse within the Bi-State DPS, and has exhibited long-term declines in abundance and distribution. This subpopulation is highly sensitive to precipitation and other factors that influence water availability. Models predicted higher use of the interior portions of irrigated pastures and wet meadows during late brood-rearing period, which represented a potentially risky use of habitat that was exacerbated during periods of low moisture (for example, drought, reduced water delivery, or both). Sage-grouse typically used edges of riparian areas and pastures, largely because the interior of these mesic areas consisted of considerably less overhead concealment cover (for example, shrubs) that likely resulted in a higher risk of mortality. We found that a lack of water delivery to pastures in the form of overwinter precipitation or diversion ditches increased the movements of sage-grouse to the interior of pastures. Although further investigation of water delivery impacts on chick survival are warrented, our initial findings regarding resource selection may explain recent declines in population growth at Long Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Ricca, M.A., Prochazka, B.G., O’Neil, S,T., Severson, J.P., Mathews, S.R., Espinosa, S., Gardner, S., Lisius, S., and Delehanty, D.J., 2020, Population and habitat analyses for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the bi-state distinct population segment—2018 update: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1149, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191149.","productDescription":"x, 122 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113768","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371329,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1149/ofr20191149.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1149"},{"id":371330,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1149/ofr20191149_hirez.pdf","text":"Report — High resolution graphics","size":"82.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1149 Hi Rez"},{"id":371328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1149/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.234375,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -119.72900390625001,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -118.85009765625,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -117.83935546874999,\n 36.12900165569652\n ],\n [\n -117.586669921875,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -117.31201171875001,\n 35.862343734896484\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 36.075742215627\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 35.79108281624994\n ],\n [\n -115.587158203125,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 38.62545397209084\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 38.90813299596705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Multiple aquifer tests were conducted in Lovelock, Nevada, to determine hydraulic conductivity and storage properties to be used with the numerical groundwater flow model of the lower Humboldt River Basin while accounting for the influence of surface features with a modeling component. The numerical model will ultimately provide the Nevada Division of Water Resources (NDWR) with information regarding the impacts of groundwater pumping on the Humboldt River, allowing the Nevada State Engineer to make informed decisions in the conjunctive management of the State’s groundwater and surface water resources. Seven slug tests, one single-well pumping test, and two multi-well pumping tests were conducted to evaluate properties of shallow Lahontan clays and silts; shallow fluvial deposits; and coarser, water-bearing deposits of the younger alluvium. Aquifer tests were conducted between March 2017 and April 2018. Results indicate aquifers in the Lovelock Valley have transmissivity ranging between 0.0001 and 95,000 feet squared per day (ft2/day). The results of these tests provide constraints on hydraulic properties for a numerical groundwater flow model being developed for a capture study in the lower Humboldt River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Nadler, C., 2020, Analysis of aquifer framework and hydraulic properties of Lovelock Valley, Lovelock, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1133, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191133.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 48 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-098941","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399425,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109593.htm"},{"id":371146,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1133/ofr20191133.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":371147,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LIL7PZ","linkHelpText":"Supplemental data for analysis of aquifer framework and hydraulic properties of Lovelock Valley, Lovelock, NV"},{"id":371145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1133/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.597412109375,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 41.91045347666418\n ],\n [\n -118.597412109375,\n 41.91045347666418\n ],\n [\n -118.597412109375,\n 39.14710270770074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Nevada Water Science Center
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Repeated sampling and grain-size analysis of surficial sediments along the sandy shorelines of Louisiana is necessary to characterize coastal-zone sediment properties and evaluate sediment transport patterns within the nearshore environments. In 2008, and again in 2015 and 2016, sediment grab samples were collected along the shorelines of the western Chenier plain, the Isles Dernieres (Raccoon, Whiskey, Trinity and East Islands), the Lafourche delta (Timbalier Islands, Caminada Headland, and Grand Isle), the modern delta (Grand Terre Islands from Chaland Headland to Sandy Point), and the Chandeleur Islands (from Curlew Island to Hewes Point). The samples were collected as part of the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) Program in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS–SPCMSC) and the University of New Orleans Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Studies (UNO–PIES). Physical properties of the samples (sediment grain size and sorting) were measured and provided in data reports to CPRA. Additional samples collected by the USGS from around Breton Island in 2014 and 2015 supplemented the 2015–2016 BICM data to complete the coastwide dataset. This report compares the results of the 2008 and 2015–2016 sedimentologic analyses and documents changes in composition (percent sand) and mean sediment grain size between the two time periods. At most sample sites, differences in mean grain size varied by less than ±0.25 Φ. The largest changes occurred at sites located near tidal inlets or along rapidly eroding shorelines.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of New Orleans and Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","usgsCitation":"Bosse, S.T., Flocks, J.G., Bernier, J.C., Georgiou, I.Y., Kulp, M.A., and Brown, M., 2019, Louisiana Coastal Zone sediment characterization; comparison of sediment grain sizes for samples collected in 2008 and 2015–2016 from the western Chenier plain to the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana—Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1132, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191132.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-107806","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":371102,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1132/ofr20191132.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1132"},{"id":399424,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109589.htm"},{"id":399423,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109588.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.8333,\n 29.6667\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 29.6667\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 29.7889\n ],\n [\n -93.8333,\n 29.7889\n ],\n [\n -93.8333,\n 29.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
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The United States Geological Survey (USGS) provided technical support to the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) in their assessment of the role groundwater plays in contributing pollutant loading to the Green-Duwamish River near Seattle, Washington. Ecology is developing watershed hydrology models of the Green-Duwamish watershed, and need to assign realistic contaminant concentrations to the various Hydrologic Response Units represented in their models. The USGS compiled existing groundwater quality data in the Green-Duwamish watershed, and this report summarizes results and interpretation of the dataset, including identifying data gaps and needs for further research and monitoring. The sources of existing data were the USGS’s National Water Information System, Ecology’s Environmental Information Management System, and a compilation of several studies by Leidos, a scientific research company. The water-quality parameters of interest included polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclors and congeners, phthalates, carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs), arsenic, copper, and zinc. Results were grouped into the four subwatersheds delineated in Ecology’s hydrology models: Duwamish, Lower Green, Soos, and Upper Green. Results from the Duwamish subwatershed were further sub-divided by the USGS into the Lower Duwamish, containing land adjacent to the Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund site, and the Upper Duwamish, containing the remaining area of the Duwamish subwatershed. Groundwater quality data in the Lower Duwamish were treated separately because there is known contamination in this area. The availability of water quality data varied by subwatershed as follows: phthalate data was only available within the Duwamish, PCB data was available within the Duwamish and Lower Green, cPAH data was available within the Duwamish, Lower Green, and Soos, and data for arsenic, copper, and zinc were available within all four subwatersheds. More than 99 percent of the available data was within the Duwamish subwatershed, identifying a need for additional monitoring of groundwater quality in the other subwatersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191131","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Senter, C.A., Conn, K.E., Black, R.W., Welch, W.B., and Fasser, E.T., 2020, Assessment of existing groundwater quality data in the Green-Duwamish watershed, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1131, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191131.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111911","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1131/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":371095,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1131/ofr20191131.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1131"},{"id":399422,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109587.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Green-Duwamish watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 47.59505101193038\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 47.60245929546312\n ],\n [\n -122.43713378906249,\n 47.51349065484327\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 47.32393057095941\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 47.18597932702905\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -122.288818359375,\n 46.912750956378915\n ],\n [\n -122.2283935546875,\n 46.781254534638606\n ],\n [\n -122.0855712890625,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 46.32417161725691\n ],\n [\n -121.39892578125,\n 46.32796494040746\n ],\n [\n -121.30004882812499,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -121.168212890625,\n 46.78501604269254\n ],\n [\n -121.36596679687499,\n 46.991494313050424\n ],\n [\n -121.95922851562501,\n 47.4355191531953\n ],\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 47.59505101193038\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
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Substantial effort has been dedicated to developing reliable monitoring schemes for North American bird populations, but our ability to monitor bird populations in the boreal forest remains limited because of the sparsity of long-term data sets, particularly in northerly regions. Given the importance of the boreal forest for many migratory birds, we set out to (1) summarize the main challenges associated with monitoring avian populations, (2) describe the available statistical tools for population monitoring and their applications, and (3) identify future directions to overcome current challenges in monitoring bird populations in the boreal forest. Defining and delineating populations of interest and identifying the drivers that affect those populations present the greatest current challenges. This is because migratory birds may be affected by many population-limiting processes at different stages of their annual life cycles. These factors are often hierarchically structured and can influence populations at the local, regional, or continental scales. Some of the challenges associated with delineating populations and identifying population drivers can be addressed via the plethora of sampling and analytic methods available to examine population change over time. Choosing the proper analytic methods depends on the goals of the study and the nature of the data such as single or multiple populations, repeated occurrence or count-based surveys, or demographic rates. Recent advances in hierarchical and integrated population models make these analytic approaches some of the most promising avenues for the development of future methods. However, these tools require large data sets, and acquiring sufficient data on bird populations and potential explanatory variables is difficult in the boreal forest. If the current challenges to monitoring birds in the boreal forest are to be overcome, serious effort should be dedicated to integrating existing data and making them accessible. Enhancing survey effort through multispecies surveys will also play an important role. Implementing spatially balanced sampling plans with a rotating panel design could balance the trade-offs between spatial versus temporal replication at an affordable cost. Improving the accessibility of environmental covariates that are spatially and temporally explicit would also enable development of mechanistic population models that improve our understanding of migratory bird population dynamics. Finally, given that long-term monitoring programs can take many decades before delivering reliable population trends and that organizational priorities often change over time, we suggest that collaborative efforts will help ensure the long-term survival of new monitoring programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Resilience Alliance Publications","doi":"10.5751/ACE-01397-140208","usgsCitation":"Roy, C., Michel, N.L., Handel, C.M., Van Wilgenburg, S., Burkhalter, C., Gurney, K.A., Messmer, D., Prince, K., Rushing, C.S., Saracco, J.E., Schuster, R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., Solymos, P., Venier, L.A., and Zuckerberg, B., 2019, Monitoring boreal avian populations: How can we estimate trends and trajectories from noisy data?: Avian Conservation and Ecology, v. 14, no. 2, 8, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-01397-140208.","productDescription":"8, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-095185","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-01397-140208","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, 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nutrients in an unconventional resource play","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T19:05:23.128561","indexId":"70203959","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T14:04:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Element cycling in the Middle-Late Triassic Shublik Formation: Mineralization vs. recycling of biolimiting nutrients in an unconventional resource play","docAbstract":"The Triassic Shublik Formation in northern Alaska is one of the major source rocks in North America, having generated much of the petroleum in Prudhoe Bay and associated fields. The middle Shublik Formation, the focus of this study, is a highly phosphatic, organic-rich carbonate mudstone interval. Apatite cements can occur as phosphatic peloids, steinkerns, elongate or angular nodules, and shells or shell fragments. We propose a model whereby phosphatization is favored in early diagenetic environments that have low concentrations of dissolved iron relative to reactive organic matter in the pore water sulfate reduction zone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"New directions in geosciences for unconventional resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"New Directions in Geosciences for Unconventional Resources","conferenceDate":"October 15-17, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Banff, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"CSPG","usgsCitation":"Whidden, K.J., Dumoulin, J.A., Macquaker, J., Birdwell, J.E., Boehlke, A., and French, K.L., 2019, Element cycling in the Middle-Late Triassic Shublik Formation: Mineralization vs. recycling of biolimiting nutrients in an unconventional resource play, in New directions in geosciences for unconventional resources, Banff, Canada, October 15-17, 2019, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108677","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cspg.org/Conferences/Conference_Archives/Gussow_Conferences/Conferences/Gussow/Gussow_Archive/Gussow-Archives.aspx?hkey=c92a974d-b253-4d2e-b6df-88e61db23877"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"National Petroleum Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.509765625,\n 67.13582938531948\n ],\n [\n -150.029296875,\n 67.13582938531948\n ],\n [\n -150.029296875,\n 71.35706654962706\n ],\n [\n -162.509765625,\n 71.35706654962706\n ],\n [\n -162.509765625,\n 67.13582938531948\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macquaker, James","contributorId":216534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macquaker","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39472,"text":"ExxonMobil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boehlke, Adam 0000-0003-4980-431X aboehlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-431X","contributorId":3470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehlke","given":"Adam","email":"aboehlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"French, Katherine L. 0000-0002-0153-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0153-8035","contributorId":205462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":764979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70215873,"text":"70215873 - 2019 - Applying circuit theory and landscape linkage maps to reintroduction planning for California condors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-02T12:50:26.995399","indexId":"70215873","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T12:56:41","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying circuit theory and landscape linkage maps to reintroduction planning for California condors","docAbstract":"Conservation practitioners are increasingly looking to species translocations as a tool to recover imperiled taxa. Quantitative predictions of where animals are likely to move when released into new areas would allow managers to better address the social, institutional, and ecological dimensions of conservation translocations. Using >5 million California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) occurrence locations from 75 individuals, we developed and tested circuit-based models to predict condor movement away from release sites. We found that circuit-based models of electrical current were well calibrated to the distribution of condor movement data in southern and central California (continuous Boyce Index = 0.86 and 0.98, respectively). Model calibration was improved in southern California when additional nodes were added to the circuit to account for nesting and feeding areas, where condor movement densities were higher (continuous Boyce Index = 0.95). Circuit-based projections of electrical current around a proposed release site in northern California comported with the condor’s historical distribution and revealed that, initially, condor movements would likely be most concentrated in northwestern California and southwest Oregon. Landscape linkage maps, which incorporate information on landscape resistance, complement circuit-based models and aid in the identification of specific avenues for population connectivity or areas where movement between populations may be constrained. We found landscape linkages in the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada provided the most connectivity to a proposed reintroduction site in northern California. Our methods are applicable to conservation translocations for other species and are flexible, allowing researchers to develop multiple competing hypotheses when there are uncertainties about landscape or social attractants, or uncertainties in the landscape conductance surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0226491","usgsCitation":"D’Elia, J., Brandt, J., Burnett, L., Haig, S.M., Hollenbeck, J.P., Kirkland, S., Marcot, B.G., Punzalan, A., West, C.J., Williams-Claussen, T., Wolstenholme, R., and Young, R., 2019, Applying circuit theory and landscape linkage maps to reintroduction planning for California condors: PLoS ONE, v. 14, no. 12, e0226491, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226491.","productDescription":"e0226491, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115028","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226491","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Central 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,{"id":70204582,"text":"70204582 - 2019 - Managed aquifer recharge in snow-fed river basins: What, why and how?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T17:51:13.062663","indexId":"70204582","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T12:48:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6473,"text":"Fact Sheet","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"19-10","title":"Managed aquifer recharge in snow-fed river basins: What, why and how?","docAbstract":"Climate change poses unique challenges in snow-fed river basins across the western United States because the majority of water supply originates as snow (Dettinger, Udall, & Georgakakos, 2015). In the Sierra Nevada, recent observations include changes in snow accumulation and snowmelt, and shifts in peak streamflow timing (Barnhart et al., 2016; Hatchett et al., 2017; Kim & Jain, 2010; McCabe, Wolock, & Valentin, 2018; Mote, Li, Lettenmaier, Xiao, & Engel, 2018). Such changes upstream alter surface water deliveries downstream, as well as groundwater recharge utilized as both primary and supplemental water supply (Godsey et al., 2014; Harpold, 2016; Jasechko et al., 2014).
basin where snowmelt runoff produces substantial water supply to meet diverse agricultural, environmental and urban water demand (Figure 1). The East and West Forks join at the confluence of the Carson River near the north end of the Carson Valley, a rich agricultural region (40,000 acres) that grows primarily alfalfa hay. The majority of irrigators rely on surface water delivered through a network of earthen ditches constructed in the mid-19th and early 20th centuries. Flow through these earthen networks and the practice of flood irrigation contribute significantly to groundwater recharge.
Because no upstream surface water reservoirs exist, snowpack that accumulates through winter and melts slowly through spring has acted as a “natural” reservoir, providing ample supply through the summer irrigati agricultural, environmental and urban water demand (Figure 1). The East and West Forks join at the confluence of the Carson River near the north end of the season. Some irrigators have permitted access to supplemental groundwater that is useful during periods of drought for augmenting shortfalls in surface water delivery. Groundwater is the primary source of municipal and industrial water supply for surrounding communities (e.g., Carson City, Minden, Gardnerville, Dayton).
Across the basin, water use is highly regulated through federal, tribal, state and local water-sharing agreements based on prior appropriation doctrine (Wilds, 2014). Carson River surface water allocations follow the Alpine Decree, initiated by the United States Department of Interior in 1925 and signed into law in 1980, following 55 years of litigation, to adjudicate surface water rights to individual parties (NDWP, 1999). The Alpine Decree acknowledges return flows to lower river segments, and thus each river segment is distributed autonomously. This means that the most junior water right on an upper segment can be fulfilled before considering the most senior water right on a lower segment. Ultimately, the ruling is at the discretion of the Federal Water Master to satisfy the needs of each water right
Downstream of Carson Valley, surface water flows are stored in Lahontan Reservoir, the nation’s first desert reclamation project (est. 1906), where releases are managed to meet the Newland’s Project irrigation water demand and for environmental use on the Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge. Flows from the Carson River are supplemented through diversions from the Truckee River via the Truckee Canal, resulting in a trans-basin water supply system.
In the Truckee-Carson River System, researchers and local water managers are working together to assess climate change impacts to water supply and explore how model simulations can produce useful information to support local climate adaptation. Twelve key water managers represent agricultural, environmental, urban and regulatory water-use communities, and bring to the table diverse input and perspectives on how to adapt to climate change.
Hydrologists use this input to craft scenarios and simulations that meet the information needs of local water managers. Biannual workshops provide an opportunity for information exchange, where researchers and key water managers generate new knowledge of river system function. That is, researchers share results of models that examine the physical potential, and managers validate the on-the-ground potential, further informing the research process.
Coincident to this research program, the region faced a prolonged drought period (2012-2016) with historically low snowpack, followed by a historic wet year (2017) that brought winter and spring flooding as a result of atmospheric river storm events (Sterle et al., 2019). For the Carson River, an important observation made by managers was that peak streamflow that had traditionally coincided with peak irrigation demands, had shifted to earlier in the spring, with summer baseflow also decreasing (Sterle & Singletary, 2017). Managers shared with researchers concerns over potential future impacts that changing snowpack will have on surface water deliveries and reliance on groundwater, as the region’s population and economy continue to grow. During workshops that occurred over this period, local water managers and researchers discussed ways to evaluate water distribution and use that honors the existing legal framework and accounts for changing snowpack regimes (amount, rain versus snow, timing). In response to managers growing interest, researchers introduced the concept of managed aquifer recharge as one potential strategy to adapt and enhance regional water sustainability.
What is managed aquifer recharge? Simply stated, managed aquifer recharge is the intentional recharge of structures to spread water over agricultural lands, allowing water to naturally infiltrate into the groundwater system (Bouwer, 1999; Niswonger et al., 2017). The latter may occur during the irrigation season by applying excess water, or during the nonirrigation season when evapotranspiration losses are low. Figure 2 illustrates managed aquifer recharge in a snow-fed river basin, where streamflow generated from snowmelt runoff is diverted to agricultural lands to recharge the aquifer. Such flood irrigation practices, including water delivery through earthen ditch networks, provide incidental but significant aquifer recharge through seepage and deep drainage beneath fields (Niswonger, Allander, & Jeton, 2014). The effects of managed aquifer recharge can vary depending on the location and intensity of practice.
For example, implementing managed aquifer recharge water into the groundwater system (Dillon, 2009). This differs from the incidental recharge that may occur as part of normal irrigation practices. Managed recharge may occur by injection into the aquifer through existingwells, or by using existing conveyance adjacent to/along the river’s floodplain has the potential to enhance late-season instream flows due to increased return flows, resulting in greater downstream deliveries as well as improving ecological conditions (Niswonger et al., 2017). Implementing managed aquifer recharge away from the river’s floodplain has the potential to enhance groundwater supply which is increasingly relied upon during surface water shortage (Green et al., 2011), by storing water in available aquifer space in the deep aquifer. At the basin scale, managed aquifer recharge may lead to regional groundwater sustainability.
The physical limitations to implementing managed aquifer recharge in the Carson River Basin hinges on three key factors. The first factor relates to the physical connectivity between rivers and streams, and the irrigation delivery network of canals and ditches that divert water to agricultural lands (Niswonger et al., 2017). In the Carson River Basin the mechanisms for getting water to fields is already in place. Thus, intentionally routing high flows that occur in wet years through this system during the nonirrigation season would mimic what occurs naturally during the irrigation season. The second factor relates to the occurrence of atmospheric river storm events that deliver large amounts of precipitation to the region, much greater than average (Dettinger et al., 2015). With increased frequency and intensity projected under a warmer climate, such events have the potential to produce excess water over short periods of time that could be stored through mechanisms such as managed aquifer recharge (Niswonger et al., 2017). The third factor relates to the change in snowpack accumulation and shifts in snowmelt timing observed elsewhere in the Sierra Nevada (e.g., Godsey et al., 2014; Mote et al., 2018). Having a mechanism in place to maximize use of earlier snowmelt and shifts in streamflow timing could be advantageous and enhance regional groundwater sustainability. As part of the Water for the Seasons study, a hypothetical scenario was developed to determine the feasibility of managed aquifer recharge in the Carson River Basin, assuming no legal constraints. During “wet” or above-average water years, irrigators in the Upper Carson Valley would divert high flows and spread water over agricultural lands during the nonirrigation season. Assuming flows are abundant and “early,” diversions would begin prior to the growing season, when water would otherwise flow downstream to the Lahontan Reservoir. During “dry” years or drought periods, when surface water availability is less, irrigators in the Upper Carson Valley could augment surface water shortages with groundwater, allowing available surface water flows to flow downstream. Researchers hypothesize the amount of water has the potential to boost baseflow to support environmental instream flows, for example.
The hypothetical managed aquifer recharge scenario was presented to water managers in a workshop setting. Presentations included an overview of the hydrologic and operations modeling tools used to evaluate managed aquifer recharge by simulating the timing and distribution of water in the upper watershed. Specifically, in the Upper Carson Valley, a hydrologic model (GSFLOW) simulates streamflow driven by snowmelt, and surface and groundwater interactions, while a river basin operations model (MODSIM) allocates water according to the prior appropriation doctrine in the basin (see Figure 1) (Morway, Niswonger, & Triana, 2016; Niswonger et al., 2017). Integrating these two modeling tools advances the evaluation of climate impacts on water availability in agricultural communities and the resulting impacts of alternative management strategies (Morway et al., 2016).
When asked about the viability of managed aquifer recharge, the perspectives of 11 managers varied (Figure 3). Regardless of rating, all managers questioned, “How would thisreally work?” Several managers questioned whether models could simulate the connectivity between surface and groundwater to accurately quantify changes to instream flow. Others raised concerns that managed aquifer recharge violates the Alpine Decree and Nevada Water Law. Still others requested researchers consider alternatives that could work within the confines of current (2019) water law.
Managers posed specific questions that should be considered when evaluating the potential for managed aquifer recharge. For example:
Managers’ perspectives help to validate the on-the-ground potential of particular strategies and further refine alternative management scenarios. For example, understanding that managers are concerned with oversaturated fields helps researchers to define conditions in the model, such as what defines a wet versus “too” wet type of year and where to focus irrigation for managed aquifer recharge. Incorporating these nuances provides more accurate quantification of the potential benefits and consequences for users across the basin. Modeling is underway to simulate managed aquifer recharge scenarios and explore basin-wide implications. Researchers and local water managers will convene to collaboratively review results and further assess whether this or other strategies could work under the confines of existing water law. Subsequent fact sheets will present these findings.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Nevada, Reno Extension","usgsCitation":"Sterle, K., Kitlasten, W., Morway, E.D., Niswonger, R.G., and Singletary, L., 2019, Managed aquifer recharge in snow-fed river basins: What, why and how?: Fact Sheet 19-10, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106943","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":377947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=3416"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Carson City","otherGeospatial":"Carson River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.74685668945312,\n 38.849333913235476\n ],\n [\n -119.67681884765624,\n 38.976492485539396\n ],\n [\n -119.64248657226562,\n 39.15881700964971\n ],\n [\n -119.06295776367188,\n 39.299236474818194\n ],\n [\n -118.96545410156251,\n 39.454221498848895\n ],\n [\n -118.70590209960938,\n 39.459523110465156\n ],\n [\n -118.61114501953125,\n 39.68288289049806\n ],\n [\n -118.62213134765626,\n 39.79059962227577\n ],\n [\n -118.73886108398438,\n 39.79059962227577\n ],\n [\n -118.8336181640625,\n 39.53899882354987\n ],\n [\n -119.1412353515625,\n 39.527348072681455\n ],\n [\n -119.32662963867188,\n 39.35659979720227\n ],\n [\n -119.53262329101562,\n 39.34598050985849\n ],\n [\n -119.77157592773436,\n 39.196076813671695\n ],\n [\n -119.88418579101561,\n 39.03838632847035\n ],\n [\n -119.86358642578125,\n 38.935911987561624\n ],\n [\n -119.74685668945312,\n 38.849333913235476\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sterle, Kelley","contributorId":195683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sterle","given":"Kelley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitlasten, Wesley 0000-0002-2049-9107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-9107","contributorId":217832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitlasten","given":"Wesley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morway, Eric D. 0000-0002-8553-6140 emorway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-6140","contributorId":4320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric","email":"emorway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":197892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Singletary, Loretta","contributorId":195685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singletary","given":"Loretta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70206564,"text":"ofr20191122 - 2019 - Trends in mammalian predator control trapping events intended to protect ground-nesting, endangered birds at Haleakalā National Park, Hawaiʻi: 2000–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T12:03:56","indexId":"ofr20191122","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T11:59:59","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1122","displayTitle":"Trends in Mammalian Predator Control Trapping Events Intended to Protect Ground-Nesting, Endangered Birds at Haleakalā National Park, Hawaiʻi: 2000–14","title":"Trends in mammalian predator control trapping events intended to protect ground-nesting, endangered birds at Haleakalā National Park, Hawaiʻi: 2000–14","docAbstract":"Predation and habitat degradation by non-native species are principal terrestrial threats to the federally endangered Hawaiian Petrel (ʻuaʻu, Pterodroma sandwichensis) and Hawaiian Goose (nēnē, Branta sandvicensis) within Haleakalā National Park (HALE), Maui, Hawaiʻi. Since 1981, HALE has maintained a network of live traps to control invasive mammalian predators and protect these endangered birds. To evaluate trapping efficiency in HALE, we evaluated four types of trap outcomes for the years 2000–14: Bait Lost (62 percent), No Event (23 percent), Trap Triggered (10 percent), and Predator Event (Rat Caught, Cat Caught, or Mongoose Caught; 4 percent). We used a multinomial logistic regression model to explore trends in the probabilities of broad outcomes (No Event, Other Event [Bait Lost or Trap Triggered], or Predator Event [Rat Caught, Cat Caught, or Mongoose Caught]). Temporal variations in the probabilities of No Event, Other Event, or Predator Event were best explained by ʻuaʻu season (off-season, pre-laying, incubation, or nestling), month, year, and seasonal rainfall with greater probabilities of Predator Event during the ʻuaʻu nestling period (July–October). The probability of Predator Event or Other Event decreased with increased rainfall. Spatial analysis showed that percent vegetative cover and vegetation type best explained variations in the probabilities of trapping outcomes with the probability of Predator Event being greatest in developed and tree covered areas. The proportion of trapping events that resulted in Rat Caught was at least 20 times greater than the proportions of events resulting in Cat or Mongoose Caught throughout the 15-year management period. Temporal analysis showed that season, year, and maximum temperature best explained variations in probabilities of Predator Event; the probability of Rat Caught was greatest during the ʻuaʻu pre-laying and incubation periods (February–June), was greater during periods of warmer maximum temperatures, and overall, increased over the 15-year management period. The probability of Mongoose Caught was greatest during the ʻuaʻu offseason (November–January), decreased through time (2000–14), and decreased with increasing weekly maximum temperatures. Trends in Cat Caught were hard to detect because of small sample sizes, though slight trends indicated cat captures were most frequent during the ʻuaʻu off season and less frequent through time (2000–14). The probability of a Cat Caught event was also negatively correlated with weekly temperatures. Spatial analysis showed elevation best explained variations in probabilities of capture for rats, cats, and mongoose. Overall, predator catches were fewer at higher elevations, and of predators caught at higher elevations, the clear majority were rats. Our results are being used by HALE Endangered Wildlife Management staff to evaluate existing methods for predator control and efficacy of existing trap-based control strategies intended to protect ʻuaʻu and nēnē.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Haleakalā National Park","usgsCitation":"Kelsey, E.C., Adams, J., Czapanskiy, M.F., Felis, J.J., Yee, J.L., Kaholoaa R.L., and Bailey, C.N., 2019, Trends in mammalian predator control trapping events intended to protect ground-nesting, endangered birds at Haleakalā National Park, Hawaiʻi: 2000–14: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1122, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191122.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-104150","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370049,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98RJ12I","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Trap records used to analyze trends in mammalian predator control trapping events intended to protect ground-nesting, endangered birds at Haleakalā National Park, Hawai'i (2000 - 2014)"},{"id":370036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1122/ofr20191122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1122"},{"id":370035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1122/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakalā National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.275743,20.586349 ], [ -156.275743,20.795098 ], [ -156.020951,20.795098 ], [ -156.020951,20.586349 ], [ -156.275743,20.586349 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director,
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Most of the population of the Treasure Valley and the surrounding area of southwestern Idaho and easternmost Oregon depends on groundwater for domestic supply, either from domestic or municipal-supply wells. As of 2017, 41 percent of Idaho’s population was concentrated in Idaho’s portion of the Treasure Valley, and current and projected rapid population growth in the area has caused concern about the long-term sustainability of the groundwater resource. In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Water Resource Board and the Idaho Department of Water Resources, began a project to construct a numerical groundwater-flow model of the westernmost western Snake River Plain (WSRP) aquifer system. As part of this project, a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model (3D HFM) of the aquifer system was generated, primarily from lithologic data compiled from 291 well-driller reports.
Four major hydrogeologic units are shown in the 3D HFM: Coarse-grained fluvial and alluvial deposits, Pliocene-Pleistocene and Miocene basalts, fine-grained lacustrine deposits, and granitic and rhyolitic bedrock. Generally, the 3D HFM is in agreement with the geologic history of the WSRP and hydrogeologic frameworks developed by previous authors. The resolution (voxel size) of the 3D HFM is sufficient for the construction of a regional groundwater-flow model.
The major components of inflow (or recharge) to the WSRP aquifer system are seepage from irrigation canals, direct infiltration from precipitation and excess irrigation water, seepage from the Boise and Payette Rivers and Lake Lowell, and subsurface inflow from adjoining uplands. The major components of outflow (or discharge) from the aquifer system are discharge to surface water (rivers, agricultural drains, and streams), groundwater pumping, and direct evapotranspiration from groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Water Resource Board and the Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Bartolino, J.R., 2019, Hydrogeologic framework of the Treasure Valley and surrounding area, Idaho and Oregon (ver. 1.1, January 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5138, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195138.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-093399","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5138/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":371344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5138/sir20195138_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5138"},{"id":371345,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CAC0F6","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeologic Framework of the Treasure Valley and Surrounding Area, Idaho and Oregon"},{"id":371346,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5138/sir20195138_versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5138"},{"id":399614,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109577.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Treasure Valley and surrounding area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1097,\n 43.1803\n ],\n [\n -115.86,\n 43.1803\n ],\n [\n -115.86,\n 44.0381\n ],\n [\n -117.1097,\n 44.0381\n ],\n [\n -117.1097,\n 43.1803\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: January 2020; Version 1: December 2019","contact":"Director,
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The level to which data are aggregated can impact analytical and predictive modeling results. In this short paper we discuss some of our findings regarding the impacts of data aggregation on estimating change points in the production profiles of horizontal hydraulically fractured Bakken oil wells. Change points occur when production transitions from one flow regime to another. Change point determination is important because it governs calculation of ultimate recovery from these and similar wells drilled in shale plays.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"20th Annual conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG2019)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th Annual Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG2019)","conferenceDate":"Aug 10-15, 2019","conferenceLocation":"State College, PA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Coburn, T.C., and Attanasi, E., 2019, Implications of aggregating daily production data on estimates of ultimate recovery from horizontal hydraulically fractured Bakken oil wells, in 20th Annual conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG2019), State College, PA, Aug 10-15, 2019, p. 232-236.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"236","ipdsId":"IP-107885","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Bakken Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.7598876953125,\n 45.96260622242165\n ],\n [\n -102.45849609375,\n 45.96260622242165\n ],\n [\n -102.45849609375,\n 47.71345768748889\n ],\n [\n -105.7598876953125,\n 47.71345768748889\n ],\n [\n -105.7598876953125,\n 45.96260622242165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coburn, T. C.","contributorId":219832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coburn","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40076,"text":"1 University of Tulsa, School of Energy Economics, Policy and Commerce, USA,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":773271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70218674,"text":"70218674 - 2019 - The US Geological Survey’s Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI)—Providing framework geologic, geophysical, and elevation data to the nation’s critical mineral-bearing regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-22T16:36:39.76293","indexId":"70218674","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T11:27:11","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9355,"text":"Fast Times","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"The US Geological Survey’s Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI)—Providing framework geologic, geophysical, and elevation data to the nation’s critical mineral-bearing regions","docAbstract":"New detailed mapping of the geologic resources of the Nation has the potential to significantly close the gap in the essential data needed to fuel a modern era of economic development and technological innovation, while at the same time dramatically enhancing our understanding of the fundamental way geology impacts everyday life, from the domestic critical mineral resources that are necessary for modern technology and the economy, to domestic energy and water resources, geologic hazards, agriculture, and other pressing needs. The U.S. Geological Survey established the Earth Resources Mapping Initiative (Earth MRI) to address the shortfall in geologic, geophysical, and elevation data with sufficient detail to support evaluation of regions in the United States that have potential to host critical mineral resources. The new effort is a collaboration with the Association of American State Geologists, who are providing new detailed geologic maps and making available online archived data and information related to critical mineral resources. The geophysical and lidar surveys are being contracted through industry specialists to assure that high-quality data are available to the public. This article provides an overview of the Earth MRI effort with discussions on the initial geophysical surveys funded for areas that have known potential for rare earth element resources. Subsequent projects are being designed to address areas that may host other critical mineral resources.
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This work had 3 primary components: 1) modeling headwater stream refugia; 2) investigating resilience and resistance strategies for New England forests; and 3) studying the impact of climate change on forest mammal communities. USFS and NE CASC organizations have complimentary expertise to share in order to improve natural resource management in the critical montane and headwater habitats in the region, and worked together to use this expertise in advancing science and science support for natural resource adaptation to a changing climate. This work resulted in increased understanding of the direct, indirect, and interactive responses of at-risk coldwater, montane and northern species to a changing climate; 2) the development of approaches and strategies for adaptation, including identification of potential climate refugia; and 3) interactive platforms for data, models and forecasts to communicate these and related results to the conservation and management community.","language":"English","publisher":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","usgsCitation":"Nislow, K., and Morelli, T.L., 2019, Final Report for Phase 1 - USGS-NE CSC and USFS-NRS Cooperative Research on Climate-Vulnerable Habitats and Species in the Northeast, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106508","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":376807,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cascprojects.org/#/project/4f8c648de4b0546c0c397b43/5b4f6835e4b06a6dd1844076"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island. 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Disturbances such as wildfire and land-cover change can influence the hydrological processes of infiltration and runoff generation; in steep terrain this typically lowers empirical thresholds for debris-flow initiation. However, disturbance impacts, and the post-disturbance recovery may differ, depending on the severity, nature, extent, and duration of the disturbance, as well as on the prevailing hydroclimatic conditions. Thus, it can be difficult to predict impacts on debris-flows hazards in regions where historically such disturbances have been less frequent or severe. Given the increasing magnitude and incidence of wildfires, among other disturbances, we seek to develop a conceptual framework for assessing their impacts on debris-flow hazards across geographic regions. We characterize the severity of disturbances in terms of changes from undisturbed hydrologic functioning, including hillslope drainage and available unsaturated storage capacity, which can have contrasting influences on debris-flow initiation mechanisms in different hydroclimatic settings. We compare the timescale of disturbance-recovery cycles relative to the return period of threshold exceeding storms to describe vulnerability to post-disturbance debris flows. Similarly, we quantify resilience by comparing the timescales of disturbance-recovery cycles with those of disturbance-recurrence intervals. We illustrate the utility of these concepts using information from U.S. Geological Survey landslide monitoring sites in burned and unburned areas across the United States. Increasing severity of disturbance may influence both recovery timescales and lower the return period for debris-flow inducing storms, thus increasing the vulnerability to disturbance-related hazards while also decreasing system resilience. The proposed conceptual framework can inform future data acquisition and model development to improve debris-flow initiation thresholds in areas experiencing increasingly frequent, severe, and even overlapping landscape disturbances.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, monitoring, modeling, and assessment; proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation","conferenceDate":"Jun 10-13, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.25676/11124/173176","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., Staley, D.M., Kean, J.W., Smith, J.B., Wooten, R., McGuire, L.A., and Ebel, B., 2019, Conceptual framework for assessing disturbance impacts on debris-flow initiation thresholds across hydroclimatic settings, in Debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, monitoring, modeling, and assessment; proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation, Golden, CO, Jun 10-13, 2019, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.25676/11124/173176.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105027","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70195160,"text":"70195160 - 2019 - Soil microbial communities and global change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-01T22:26:33.074383","indexId":"70195160","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T10:04:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Soil microbial communities and global change","docAbstract":"Soils and soil microbial communities mediate the biogeochemical processes that underly ecosystem-level changes. This chapter examines why soils and soil microbial communities are important for understanding impacts and feedbacks to global change. It discusses the technological approaches and challenges that are at the frontiers of this research area. Global change impacts on microbial communities can be categorized as press or pulse disturbances. Global increases in atmospheric temperature are among the most profound and concerning long-term changes affecting human society. The chapter focuses on the examples from Western North America, where issues such as land cover change, wildfire, and permafrost thaw are some of the most observable global change impacts. Wildfire is a natural phenomenon that lies at the basis of the process of plant succession. Recovery and regrowth of vegetation after wildfire regenerates carbon and nutrient pools, such that long-term impacts on the ecosystems may be small.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modern soil microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Group","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M.P., and Creamer, C., 2019, Soil microbial communities and global change, chap. of Modern soil microbiology, p. 331-342.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"342","ipdsId":"IP-084471","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9780429059186-20/soil-microbial-communities-global-change-mark-waldrop-courtney-creamer?context=ubx&refId=a340edd4-6f21-429b-96d4-933539849372"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"van Elsas, Jan Dirk","contributorId":289592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Elsas","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"Dirk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839396,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trevors, Jack T.","contributorId":289593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trevors","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839397,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosado, Alexandre Soares","contributorId":289594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosado","given":"Alexandre","email":"","middleInitial":"Soares","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839398,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nannipieri, Paolo","contributorId":289595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nannipieri","given":"Paolo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839399,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, Mark P. 0000-0003-1829-7140 mwaldrop@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":1599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","email":"mwaldrop@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Creamer, Courtney 0000-0001-8270-9387","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8270-9387","contributorId":201952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creamer","given":"Courtney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226986,"text":"70226986 - 2019 - Overcoming barriers to progress in seismic monitoring and characterization of debris flows and lahars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T16:29:29.031603","indexId":"70226986","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T09:06:53","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Overcoming barriers to progress in seismic monitoring and characterization of debris flows and lahars","docAbstract":"Debris flows generate seismic signals that contain valuable information about events as they unfold. Though seismic waves have been used for along-channel debris-flow and lahar monitoring systems for decades, it has proven difficult to move beyond detection to more quantitative characterizations of flow parameters and event size. This is for two primary reasons: (1) our limited understanding of how the radiated wavefield relates to debris flow characteristics and dynamics, and (2) difficulties quantifying the effects of heterogeneous shallow earth structure on the observed wavefield. The latter issue, essentially our inability to sufficiently separate seismic path effects from source information, is a barrier to improving our understanding of the first issue. We review the progress that has been made toward establishing the theory, models and methods required to use seismic observations to make quantitative measurements of flows and summarize the practical, social, and scientific barriers to progress. We discuss some specific ongoing efforts to overcome some of these barriers, with a focus on how we are using large-scale seismic experiments at the U.S. Geological Survey debris-flow flume to develop methods for directly measuring path effects and to develop and validate theoretical debris flow seismicity models.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, monitoring, modeling, and assessment; proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation","conferenceDate":"Jun 10-13, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.25676/11124/173234","usgsCitation":"Allstadt, K.E., Farin, M., Lockhart, A., McBride, S., Kean, J.W., Iverson, R.M., Logan, M., Smith, J.B., Tsai, V.C., and George, D.L., 2019, Overcoming barriers to progress in seismic monitoring and characterization of debris flows and lahars, in Debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, monitoring, modeling, and assessment; proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation, 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards 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,{"id":70212791,"text":"70212791 - 2019 - Monitoring the effect of deep drawdowns of a flood control reservoir on sediment transport and dissolved oxygen, Fall Creek Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T17:43:58.193525","indexId":"70212791","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T08:55:19","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring the effect of deep drawdowns of a flood control reservoir on sediment transport and dissolved oxygen, Fall Creek Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Annual reservoir drawdowns at Fall Creek Lake, Oregon, have occurred for eight consecutive years from December 2012 to November 2019. The annual drawdowns are the result of the 2008 Biological Opinion of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Willamette Valley Project operations, which directed the USACE to carry out interim operational measures that would provide volitional downstream passage for endangered species act (ESA)-listed Chinook salmon. At Fall Creek Lake, the USACE modifies its operations by lowering the reservoir elevation to 690-ft, approximately 40 feet below the normal winter low-pool elevation. This action results in a runof-river scenario through the dam allowing juvenile Chinook salmon to safely pass through the regulating outlets. Monitoring of juvenile Chinook salmon in screw traps at the outlet of the dam has shown variable timing in out-migration associated with reservoir elevation, and that most of the juvenile fish exited the reservoir when the pool elevation passed 700-ft (Taylor and others, 2015). The annual drawdown has therefore been effective in providing safe downstream fish passage and has also had the collateral effect of transporting large quantities of suspended sediment to the downstream reaches of Fall Creek and the Middle Fork Willamette River. The US Geological Survey (USGS) has calculated time-series of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) and suspended sediment loads (SSL) before, during, and after the drawdowns for six of the last nine drawdown years (water years [WY] 2013-2018), which have lasted between 5-14 days. The transport and deposition of sediment from the drawdowns has affected side-channel habitat below the dam by depositing large quantities of sand-size material resulting in streambed aggradation in several locations. The results from the USGS monitoring effort have provided important information to USACE on how the modification of their operations has affected sediment transport in the river reaches below the dam.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceeding of SEDHYD 2019","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2019 Conference","conferenceDate":"June 24-28, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Interagency Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling Conference","usgsCitation":"Schenk, L.N., and Bragg, H.M., 2019, Monitoring the effect of deep drawdowns of a flood control reservoir on sediment transport and dissolved oxygen, Fall Creek Lake, Oregon, in Proceeding of SEDHYD 2019, v. 5, Reno, NV, June 24-28, 2019, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105587","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2019/openconf/modules/request.php?module=oc_program&action=program.php&p=program"},{"id":382593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Fall Creek Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.13339233398438,\n 43.74431283565998\n ],\n [\n -122.45498657226561,\n 43.74431283565998\n ],\n [\n -122.45498657226561,\n 44.104351509943406\n ],\n [\n -123.13339233398438,\n 44.104351509943406\n ],\n [\n -123.13339233398438,\n 43.74431283565998\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Liam N. 0000-0002-2491-0813 lschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-0813","contributorId":4273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Liam","email":"lschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragg, Heather M. 0000-0002-0013-4573 hmbragg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-4573","contributorId":239645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Heather","email":"hmbragg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209331,"text":"70209331 - 2019 - The response of kelp forest organisms to spatial and temporal variation in wave energy in the California Channel Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-01T08:44:31","indexId":"70209331","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T08:40:53","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"The response of kelp forest organisms to spatial and temporal variation in wave energy in the California Channel Islands","docAbstract":"This report describes the spatial and temporal variation in wave height for the study system in the broader context of the Southern California Bight. A new, low-cost pressure sensor was engineered for measuring wave height and period. These sensors were placed for several months at 32 sites around the Channel Islands where long-term kelp forest monitoring occurs. Matching sensor data with CDIP wave hindcasts made it possible to correct the CDIP model hindcast to make it applicable to nearshore sites in this region. With these corrections, annual wave energy was estimated for 88 sites where long term biotic monitoring had been conducted in the study region. These data were analyzed to assess the extent that wave energy affects species abundances and, in particular, how a reduction in wave height would affect various species.","language":"English","publisher":"BOEM","collaboration":"BOEM","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., Rassweiler, A., Gotschalk, C.C., Morton, D.N., Bell, T.W., Henderikx Freitas, F., J, K.D., Sprague, J., Johnson, C., and Washburn, L., 2019, The response of kelp forest organisms to spatial and temporal variation in wave energy in the California Channel Islands, iii, 38 p.","productDescription":"iii, 38 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113903","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":373689,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/BOEM_2019-064.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.49255371093749,\n 33.865854454071865\n ],\n [\n -119.30328369140624,\n 33.865854454071865\n ],\n [\n -119.30328369140624,\n 34.10725639663118\n ],\n [\n -120.49255371093749,\n 34.10725639663118\n ],\n [\n -120.49255371093749,\n 33.865854454071865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.0643310546875,\n 33.44060944370356\n ],\n [\n -118.99566650390624,\n 33.44060944370356\n ],\n [\n -118.99566650390624,\n 33.4955977448657\n ],\n [\n -119.0643310546875,\n 33.4955977448657\n ],\n [\n -119.0643310546875,\n 33.44060944370356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.6136474609375,\n 33.18813395605041\n ],\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 33.18813395605041\n ],\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n -119.6136474609375,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n -119.6136474609375,\n 33.18813395605041\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rassweiler, Andrew 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Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bell, T W","contributorId":223728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"T","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":40760,"text":"Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henderikx Freitas, F","contributorId":223729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderikx Freitas","given":"F","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40760,"text":"Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"J, Kushner D","contributorId":223730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"J","given":"Kushner","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":6993,"text":"Channel Islands National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sprague, J","contributorId":223731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sprague","given":"J","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6993,"text":"Channel Islands National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, C.G.","contributorId":177752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Washburn, L","contributorId":223732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Washburn","given":"L","affiliations":[{"id":40760,"text":"Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70225631,"text":"70225631 - 2019 - Asian carp population modeling to support an Adaptive Management framework, USGS Contribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T13:39:12.825943","indexId":"70225631","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T08:36:33","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Asian carp population modeling to support an Adaptive Management framework, USGS Contribution","docAbstract":"The Spatially Explicit Asian carp Population (SEAcarP) model was developed to inform management and research decisions with the goal of minimizing the abundance of Bighead Carp and Silver Carp (collectively referred to as “Asian carp” in this document) in the upper Illinois River waterway, thereby reducing risk of population expansion toward the Great Lakes and reducing potential impacts on native species. This model provides an objective, data-driven approach to maximize return on investment of management actions and facilitates defining research and monitoring priorities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2019 Asian carp interim summary report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R.A., 2019, Asian carp population modeling to support an Adaptive Management framework, USGS Contribution, chap. of 2019 Asian carp interim summary report, p. 175-176.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"176","ipdsId":"IP-120441","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391078,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://invasivecarp.us/Documents/Interim-Summary-Report-2019.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70223489,"text":"70223489 - 2019 - Diel feeding and movement activity of Northern Snakehead Channa argus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-30T13:31:06.021598","indexId":"70223489","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T08:30:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Diel feeding and movement activity of Northern Snakehead Channa argus","docAbstract":"Understanding the diel activity of a species can shed light on potential interactions with other species and inform management practices. To understand the diel activity of Northern Snakehead Channa argus, feeding habits and movement patterns were observed. Two hundred seventy-three Northern Snakehead were captured by boat electrofishing during May and June of 2007 and 2008. Their gut contents were extracted and preserved. The level of digestion of each prey item was estimated from fresh (1) to >50% digested (4) or empty (5). Random forest models were used to predict feeding activity based on time of day, tide level, date, water temperature, fish total length, and sex. Diel movement patterns were assessed by implanting Northern Snakehead with radio transmitters and monitoring them every 1.5 h for 24 h in both March and July 2007. Movement rates were compared between March and July and among four daily time periods. Independent variables accounted for only 6% of the variation in feeding activity; however, temporal feeding patterns were apparent. No fresh items were observed in guts between 12:30 and 7:30 am, and the proportion of empty stomachs increased at the end of May coinciding with the onset of spawning. Overall, fish moved greater distances during the July tracking period compared to March. Fish showed a greater propensity to move during daylight hours than at night during the March tracking period. A similar but nonsignificant (P > 0.05) pattern was observed in July. Movement and feeding data both indicated greater activity during daylight hours than at night, suggesting that Northern Snakehead is a diurnal species. Based on our preliminary findings, we hypothesize that a) diurnal species are more susceptible than nocturnal species to predation by Northern Snakehead and b) Northern Snakehead are more likely to compete for food with diurnal than nocturnal predators.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society symposium 89","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The First International Snakehead Symposium","conferenceDate":"Jul 17-19, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Alexandria, VA","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.47886/9781934874585.ch6","usgsCitation":"Lapointe, N., Saylor, R., and Angermeier, P.L., 2019, Diel feeding and movement activity of Northern Snakehead Channa argus, in American Fisheries Society symposium 89, Alexandria, VA, Jul 17-19, 2019, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874585.ch6.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-103396","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"lower Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.33551025390624,\n 38.46864331036051\n ],\n [\n -76.87408447265625,\n 38.46864331036051\n ],\n [\n -76.87408447265625,\n 38.9914373369788\n ],\n [\n -77.33551025390624,\n 38.9914373369788\n ],\n [\n -77.33551025390624,\n 38.46864331036051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapointe, Nicolas W. R.","contributorId":264893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapointe","given":"Nicolas W. R.","affiliations":[{"id":54575,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Federation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saylor, Ryan K.","contributorId":264894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saylor","given":"Ryan K.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236885,"text":"70236885 - 2019 - Significant seismic behavior features of two tall buildings inferred from response records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T13:21:38.68656","indexId":"70236885","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T08:10:53","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Significant seismic behavior features of two tall buildings inferred from response records","docAbstract":"In this paper, recent studies of recorded responses of behavior and performances of two instrumented tall buildings subjected to long-period motions from events that originate at far distances (e.g. 100-800km) are presented. Significant results indicate that (a) computed average drift ratios are substantial (~0.5%), and (b) there is permanent shift of fundamental frequencies for a tall building which was hundreds of km away from the epicenter of a large (M9.0) earthquake. In addition, (c) there are significant local site effects and basin effects, some causing resonance of buildings, (d) beating effect are observed particularly in elongated responses whereby elongated responses can contribute to low-cycle fatigue, and significantly, and (e) identified critical viscous damping percentages are low (<3%). This is consistent with recent recommendations of the Los Angeles Tall Buildings Design Council (LATBDC) 1 and the Tall Buildings Initiative (TBI) of Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center (PEER)2, and (f) beating effects are observed particularly in elongated responses whereby elongated responses can contribute to low-cycle fatigue.
Analyses of one tall building from Japan affected during the 11 March 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake, and one in Los Angeles, California during the 17 January 1994 M6.7 Northridge earthquake are presented. A variety of methods including spectral analyses, system identification, and time-frequency functions are used to extract dynamic response characteristics (modal frequencies and damping), drift ratios, and effect of site conditions including basin effects.
In general, data-driven analyses show that, the two tall buildings (as well as many others not reported herein) exhibit (a) lower damping than those used in current design process analyses (<3%) and (b) a beating effect and significant basin effect.
These are significant: (1) Additional damping generating elements can be considered during design processes to decrease the prolonged and amplified responses. (2) Basin effects are not considered during design, it is important to at least consider looking into such effects as these can result in resonance and amplified responses as shown in recent studies.
","conferenceTitle":"12th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"Jun 17-20, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Quebec City, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering (CAEE)","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., 2019, Significant seismic behavior features of two tall buildings inferred from response records, 12th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Quebec City, Canada, Jun 17-20, 2019, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104455","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407114,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.caee.ca/12cceeproceedings/"}],"country":"Japan, United States","city":"Los Angeles, Osaka","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 135.43533325195312,\n 34.615126683462194\n ],\n [\n 135.57815551757812,\n 34.615126683462194\n ],\n [\n 135.57815551757812,\n 34.73709847578162\n ],\n [\n 135.43533325195312,\n 34.73709847578162\n ],\n [\n 135.43533325195312,\n 34.615126683462194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.2843017578125,\n 34.020794936018724\n ],\n [\n -118.19915771484374,\n 34.020794936018724\n ],\n [\n -118.19915771484374,\n 34.07143110146331\n ],\n [\n -118.2843017578125,\n 34.07143110146331\n ],\n [\n -118.2843017578125,\n 34.020794936018724\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":852464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70208458,"text":"70208458 - 2019 - Contrasting demographic responses of toad populations to regionally synchronous pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T14:22:42.469706","indexId":"70208458","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T07:47:54","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Contrasting demographic responses of toad populations to regionally synchronous pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) dynamics","title":"Contrasting demographic responses of toad populations to regionally synchronous pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) dynamics","docAbstract":"Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a fungal pathogen that causes amphibian chytridiomycosis, has been implicated in population declines globally. To better understand how Bd affects survival and how threats vary spatially and temporally, we conducted long-term (range: 9–13 yrs) capture-recapture studies of boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas) from three similar communities in western Montana. We also estimated temporal and spatial variation in population-level Bd prevalence among populations and the potential role of co-occurring Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in driving infection dynamics. Hierarchical models that accounted for detection uncertainty revealed Bd reduced apparent survival in one population that declined, was unassociated with survival in one stationary population, and was associated with increased survival in one population that is near extirpation. Despite different effects of Bd on hosts, pathogen prevalence was similar and synchronous across the populations separated by 111–176 km. Variation in Bd prevalence was driven partly by seasonal temperatures, but opposite the direction expected. Bd prevalence also decreased sharply over time across all populations, unrelated to trends in temperature, boreal toad survival, or infection dynamics of co-occurring Columbia spotted frogs. Toad Bd prevalence increased when frog abundance was high, consistent with an amplification effect. However, Bd prevalence of toads decreased as Bd prevalence of spotted frogs increased, consistent with a dilution effect. Our results reveal surprising variation in responses to Bd and show pathogen prevalence is not predictive of survival or population risk, and they illustrate the complexity in understanding disease dynamics across multiple populations.
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The hypothesis is that social space can be represented by using patterns of logic relations between sets of entities. The data corpus of spatial relations was extracted from geographic term definitions. The relations were further analyzed as primitives using Case Grammar Matrix models. These findings are being related to Web Ontology Language (OWL) properties. This approach allows an extensive range of natural language terms to instantiate ontology sub-types, while supporting inferences to study their logical implications.","language":"English","publisher":"University of California-Santa Barbara","usgsCitation":"Varanka, D.E., 2019, Integrating the sociology of space with geospatial semantics relation properties for data graphs, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111976","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371991,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varanka, Dalia E. 0000-0003-2857-9600 dvaranka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600","contributorId":1296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","email":"dvaranka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215595,"text":"70215595 - 2019 - Predation strategies of larval clownfish capturing evasive copepod prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-26T12:28:15.695811","indexId":"70215595","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T07:24:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation strategies of larval clownfish capturing evasive copepod prey","docAbstract":"Fish larvae depend on finding and capturing enough prey for rapid growth during the planktonic phase. The diet of many fish larvae is dominated by copepods, small crustaceans that are highly sensitive to hydrodynamic disturbances and possess strong escape responses. We examined how fish larvae with immature jaws, musculature and fins capture such evasive prey. The kinematics of feeding attempts by larval clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris on 3 developmental stages of copepod Bestiolina similis were investigated using high-speed videography. A stealthy approach brought the fish larva within ~1 mm of the copepod; shortest distances were observed in early larvae (1 to 5 d post-hatch [dph]) attacking immature copepods. Peak speeds during strikes increased with fish age and copepod developmental stage (150 to 250 mm s-1), with time to capture <8 ms on average. Most successful captures (70%) were of copepods that failed to initiate an escape response during the strike. If a copepod initiated an escape, capture success decreased to ~50% for nauplii and copepodites and 25% for adults. Adult copepods were more likely to attempt an escape response than copepodites or nauplii. Prey stage and the interaction between strike distance and speed were the parameters that best fit a logistic regression model to the observed captures and escapes. The successful switch to larger and more evasive copepod prey by A. ocellaris larvae did not occur until 7 dph and coincided with ontogenetic changes (post-flexion) and a predatory strategy that included shorter approach phases and greater strike speeds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter Research","doi":"10.3354/meps12888","usgsCitation":"Robinson, H.E., Strickler, J.R., Henderson, M., Hartline, D.K., and Lenz, P.H., 2019, Predation strategies of larval clownfish capturing evasive copepod prey: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 614, p. 125-146, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12888.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"146","ipdsId":"IP-102113","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"614","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, H. Eve","contributorId":243964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eve","affiliations":[{"id":48777,"text":"Pacific Biosciences Research Center, HI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strickler, J. Rudi","contributorId":243965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strickler","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Rudi","affiliations":[{"id":48778,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Mark J. 0000-0002-2861-8668 mhenderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-8668","contributorId":198609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Mark J.","email":"mhenderson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartline, Daniel K.","contributorId":243966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartline","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":48777,"text":"Pacific Biosciences Research Center, HI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lenz, Petra H.","contributorId":243967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lenz","given":"Petra","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48777,"text":"Pacific Biosciences Research Center, HI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}