This presentation summarizes the proposed updates to earthquake design ground motions for the 2020 edition of the NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions, expected to be incorporated into the ASCE 7-22 Standard. The implications of these updates on the values of design ground motions for example locations in both conterminous and nonconterminous U.S. cities are shown and discussed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2019 SEAOC convention proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SEAOC 2019","conferenceDate":"Aug 28-31, 209","conferenceLocation":"Squaw Creek, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Structural Engineers Association of California","usgsCitation":"Rezaeian, S., and Luco, N., 2019, Updates to USGS national seismic hazard model (NSHM) and design ground motion maps for 2020 NEHRP recommended provisions, in 2019 SEAOC convention proceedings, Squaw Creek, CA, Aug 28-31, 209, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-110889","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893 srezaeian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":4395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","email":"srezaeian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205399,"text":"ofr20191107 - 2019 - Application of the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) to Klamath River fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), California—Parameterization and calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-01T10:31:37","indexId":"ofr20191107","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-30T09:06:14","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1107","displayTitle":"Application of the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) to Klamath River Fall Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), California—Parameterization and Calibration","title":"Application of the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) to Klamath River fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), California—Parameterization and calibration","docAbstract":"In this report, we describe application of the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) to Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Klamath River between Keno Dam in southern Oregon and the ocean in northern California. S3 is a deterministic life-stage-structured population model that tracks daily growth, movement, and survival of juvenile salmon. It can track different source populations or species, such as major tributary populations that enter a river like the Klamath River. A key theme of the model is that river flow affects habitat availability and capacity, which in turn drives density-dependent population dynamics. To explicitly link population dynamics to habitat quality and quantity, the river environment is constructed as a one-dimensional series of linked habitat units, each of which has an associated daily time series of discharge, water temperature, and useable habitat area or carrying capacity. In turn, the physical characteristics of each habitat unit and the number of fish occupying each unit affect survival and growth within each habitat unit and movement of fish among habitat units.
The physical template of the Klamath River was formed by classifying the river into 2,635 mesohabitat units composed of runs, riffles, and pools. This template enabled modeling of the unimpounded Klamath River between the Keno Dam (the uppermost of four dams) and Iron Gate Dam (the lowermost dam) to address dam-removal scenarios. However, in this report, our focus was on parameterizing and calibrating the model under existing conditions, which included 1,706 discrete habitat units over the 312-kilometer (km) section of river between Iron Gate Dam and the ocean. For each habitat unit, we developed a time series of daily flow, water temperature, and amount of available habitat (weighted usable habitat area [WUA]) for spawners, fry, and parr. WUA time series were constructed using habitat suitability criteria for Chinook salmon applied to eight two-dimensional (2-D) hydrodynamic models that represented the geomorphic variability in habitat across the Klamath River. Results from the 2-D models were then extrapolated to unmodeled habitat units by scaling WUA curves for changes in habitat unit length and width. These variables were then used to drive population dynamics such as egg development and survival and juvenile movement, growth, and survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Plumb, J.M., Jones, E.C., Som, N.A., Hardy, T.B., and Hetrick, N.J., 2019, Application of the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) to Klamath River fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), California—Parameterization and calibration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1107, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191107.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 89p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106890","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367791,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1107/ofr20191107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1107"},{"id":367792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1107/ofr20191107_a1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"241 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1107 Appendix 1"},{"id":367790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1107/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Keno Dam, Klamath River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -120.66284179687498,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -120.66284179687498,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 41.17038447781618\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
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The Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA (27.946°N, − 80.494°W) represents one of the largest loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting sites in the Western Hemisphere. Surprisingly, little work has been conducted to determine females’ post-nesting migratory behavior and characteristics of their foraging areas. Between 2008 and 2017, satellite telemetry was used to trace the locations and movements of 45 post-nesting loggerhead turtles. A switching state-space model was employed to estimate the behavioral state of each location. Internesting, migrating and foraging activity periods were determined for 38 loggerheads based on the SSSM. Seven environmental variables were extracted from remote sensing imagery for each location to compare values among behaviors. Core primary foraging areas ranged in size from 5.89 to 4572.80 km2. Four foraging types (primary, secondary, seasonal, and loops) were observed. Most turtles resided at a primary foraging area year round. A few individuals conducted foraging loops away from a primary foraging area. Both seasonal and loop movements were associated with changes in sea surface temperature as turtles moved to avoid temperatures that could cause cold-stunning or mortality. Turtle size and nesting beach offshore currents may play a role in foraging area selection, and date of departure from the nesting beach may be linked to foraging destination. By making the connection among oceanic features, foraging areas, and the influence of environmental variables on these areas, it is possible to identify and characterize critically important feeding areas and migration corridors for loggerheads nesting on the east coast of Florida.
Most geothermal resources in the Great Basin region of the western USA are blind, and thus the discovery of new commercial-grade systems requires synthesis of favorable characteristics for geothermal activity. The geothermal play fairway concept involves integration of multiple parameters indicative of geothermal activity to identify promising areas for new development. This project integrated multiple datasets to apply the play fairway concept and assess geothermal potential in a large region of the Great Basin in Nevada. It is therefore referred to as the Nevada play fairway project. This project was a strong collaborative effort between several organizations, led by the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology at the University of Nevada, Reno, but with key support from the U.S. Geological Survey, ATLAS Geosciences, Inc,, Hi-Q Geophysical, Inc., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Utah Geological Survey, and Innovative Geothermal Ltd. In Budget Period 1 of this project, available data for nine geologic, geochemical, and geophysical parameters were initially synthesized to produce a new detailed geothermal potential map of 96,000 km2 from west-central to eastern Nevada (Figure 1). These parameters were grouped into subsets and individually weighted (Figure 2) to delineate rankings for local permeability, intermediate permeability, regional permeability, and thermal potential, which collectively defined geothermal play fairways (i.e., most likely locations for significant geothermal fluid flow). This initial work was aimed at reducing the risks in regional exploration and therefore facilitating discovery of new commercial-grade systems in blind settings, as well as in areas with surface expressions of geothermal activity. Budget Period 2 of the project involved detailed analysis of some of the most promising areas identified in Phase 1. Twenty-four highly prospective areas, including both known undeveloped systems and previously undiscovered potential blind systems, were identified for further analysis (Figures 3 and 4). After reconnaissance of these areas, five of the most promising sites were selected for detailed studies. Multiple techniques were employed in the detailed studies, including geologic mapping, shallow temperature surveys, gravity surveys, Lidar, geochemical studies, seismic reflection analysis, and 3D modeling. The goal of the detailed studies was to identify specific areas with the highest likelihood for high permeability and thermal fluids, such that drill sites could be targeted. Three main sets of predictive maps were generated for each detailed study area: 1) play fairway maps, 2) play fairway error maps, and 3) direct evidence maps. Local- and intermediate-scale permeability models were revised to reflect results of the detailed geologic, geophysical, and geochemical analyses. Budget Period 3 of the project involved more detailed geophysical analyses and temperature-gradient (TG) drilling in southeastern Gabbs Valley and northern Granite Springs Valley (Figure 4), deemed the two most promising sites, with the goal of providing preliminary validation of the play fairway methodology. In southeastern Gabbs Valley, the collocation of a favorable structural setting (displacement transfer zone and fault intersections), Quaternary faults, intersecting and terminating gravity gradients, magnetic low, shallow (2 m) temperature anomaly, low resistivity anomaly, and promising geothermometry from nearby water wells provided evidence for a blind system. Drilling of six TG holes defines an apparent geothermal system at this locality with temperatures as high as 124°C at 152 m. This system is blind, with no surface hot springs, fumaroles, or paleo-geothermal deposits. For northern Granite Springs Valley, a favorable structural setting (termination of a major Quaternary normal fault), terminating gravity gradient, magnetic gradient, newly discovered sinter deposits, nearby warm water wells, previously drilled TG holes in the vicinity, and promising geothermometry suggest a hidden system. Drilling of six new TG holes yields temperatures of ~96°C at ~250 m, suggesting the presence of a geothermal system. Major lessons learned in the course of this project include: 1) initially identified sites commonly include multiple favorable structural settings at a finer scale; 2) promising sites in Cenozoic basins cannot be recognized without detailed geophysical surveys; and 3) play fairway analysis should be refined as the exploration program vectors into the most promising sites and finer-scale data are acquired. In addition to producing copious amounts of data, this project resulted in 16 published papers, 10 abstracts, more than 40 presentations across the U.S. and abroad (including several keynote addresses), 2 Masters theses, and 7 media reports.
In cooperation with the New Mexico County of Bernalillo, the U.S. Geological Survey characterized potential polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration and estimated loading into the Rio Grande from watersheds that are under the county’s jurisdiction. Water and sediment samples were collected in 2017–18 from six sites within four stormwater drainage basins in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, urbanized area for the analysis of PCB congeners and other water-quality constituents during dry and wet seasons. Also, the rainfall-runoff model Arid Lands Hydrologic Model (AHYMO) was used to estimate stormwater discharge at the two sample collection sites not affected by pump station operation. Along with the PCB analysis, the discharge data were used to estimate total PCB stormflow event loads for eight events in these urban Rio Grande tributaries. PCBs were detected in 34 of 36 water samples at concentrations as high as 65.8 nanograms per liter and in 12 of 13 sediment samples at concentrations as high as 163,000 nanograms per kilogram dry weight. Six of the 36 water samples exceeded the New Mexico surface-water quality standard for protection of wildlife habitat and aquatic life of 14 nanograms per liter for PCBs. None of the water samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit level limit of 200 nanograms per liter for PCBs in stormwater systems discharging into the Rio Grande. PCB concentrations in water samples in this study were not linearly related to antecedent precipitation or measured water-quality parameters, but PCB concentrations had a statistically significant positive Kendall’s tau correlation with total suspended solids for water samples and with total organic carbon for sediment samples. The PCB congener profiles indicate that sources to stormwater drainage basins in Bernalillo County originate both from legacy sources, such as Aroclors (for example, in landfills and old building materials), and from current-use sources, such as yellow pigments (for example, in printed materials and packaging in urban litter or refuse). Total PCB stormflow event loads were calculated with average potential minimum and maximum event loads of 0.73 and 4.32 milligrams per storm event, respectively, at the Adobe Acres pump station site and 56.78 and 315.13 milligrams per storm event at the Sanchez Farms inflow at Albuquerque, N. Mex., site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bernalillo County","usgsCitation":"Shephard, Z.M., Conn, K.E., Beisner, K.R., Jornigan, A.D., and Bryant, C.F., 2019, Characterization and load estimation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from selected Rio Grande tributary stormwater channels in the Albuquerque urbanized area, New Mexico, 2017–18: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1106, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/of20191106.","productDescription":"x, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-109136","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1106/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":367785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1106/ofr20191106.pdf","size":"4.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1106"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.8255615234375,\n 34.9371707067839\n ],\n [\n -106.48223876953125,\n 34.9371707067839\n ],\n [\n -106.48223876953125,\n 35.20579439829525\n ],\n [\n -106.8255615234375,\n 35.20579439829525\n ],\n [\n -106.8255615234375,\n 34.9371707067839\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
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Head‐starting is a conservation strategy in which young animals are protected in captivity temporarily before their release into the wild at a larger size, when their survival is presumably increased. The Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) is in decline, and head‐starting has been identified as one of several conservation measures to assist in recovery. To evaluate the efficacy of indoor head‐starting, we released and radio‐tracked 68 juvenile tortoises from a 2015 cohort in the Mojave National Preserve, California, USA. We released 20 tortoises at hatching (control) in September 2015, and reared 28 indoors and 20 outdoors in predator‐proof enclosures for 7 months before releasing them in April 2016. We monitored tortoises at least weekly after release until 27 October 2016, and documented survivorship, movement, and surface activity. We estimated survivorship by treatment and evaluated effects of treatment, proximity to a raven (Corvus corax) nest (predator) coincidentally established after release, distance moved between monitoring events, surface activity, and release size on individual fate in a generalized linear model. Although indoor head‐start tortoises reached the size of 5–6‐year‐old wild tortoises by release at 7 months of age, survival did not differ significantly among the 3 treatment groups. Combined annual survival was 0.44 (95% CI = 0.34–0.58). Tortoises that were closer to an active raven nest were significantly more likely to die, as were those seen more often outside their burrows and active aboveground. Predicted estimates for short‐term probability of survival approached 1.0 as distance from a raven nest exceeded approximately 1.6 km. Rearing treatment, movement distance, and body size were not significant predictors of fate over the 1‐year monitoring period. Head‐started tortoises released ≥1.6 km from areas of raven activity will likely have higher short‐term survival. Population recovery through head‐starting alone is unlikely to be successful if systemic ecosystem‐level issues, such as habitat degradation and conditions that promote human‐subsidized predators, are not ameliorated. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21758","usgsCitation":"Daly, J., Buhlmann, K., Todd, B., Moore, C.T., Peaden, J., and Tuberville, T., 2019, Survival and movements of head‐started Mojave desert tortoises: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 83, no. 8, p. 1700-1710, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21758.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1700","endPage":"1710","ipdsId":"IP-104712","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.51599121093749,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -114.686279296875,\n 34.93548199355901\n ],\n [\n -114.664306640625,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -115.23559570312499,\n 35.483038134069574\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -116.4935302734375,\n 34.94899072578227\n ],\n [\n -116.3067626953125,\n 34.70097741472011\n ],\n [\n -115.2740478515625,\n 34.54728700119802\n ],\n [\n -114.75219726562499,\n 34.40237742424137\n ],\n [\n -114.6368408203125,\n 34.51560953848204\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 34.465806327688526\n ],\n [\n -114.51599121093749,\n 34.77771580360469\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daly, J. A.","contributorId":243070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daly","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhlmann, K. A.","contributorId":239456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhlmann","given":"K. A.","affiliations":[{"id":47860,"text":"University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, B. D.","contributorId":243071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todd","given":"B. D.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Clinton T. 0000-0002-6053-2880 cmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2880","contributorId":3643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton","email":"cmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peaden, J. M.","contributorId":243072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peaden","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuberville, T. D.","contributorId":243073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuberville","given":"T. D.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204046,"text":"sir20195045 - 2019 - The hydrologic system of the south Florida peninsula—Development and application of the Biscayne and Southern Everglades Coastal Transport (BISECT) model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-03T10:19:21","indexId":"sir20195045","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-26T15:40:18","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5045","displayTitle":"The Hydrologic System of the South Florida Peninsula: Development and Application of the Biscayne and Southern Everglades Coastal Transport (BISECT) Model","title":"The hydrologic system of the south Florida peninsula—Development and application of the Biscayne and Southern Everglades Coastal Transport (BISECT) model","docAbstract":"The Biscayne and Southern Everglades Coastal Transport (BISECT) model was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey under the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Studies Initiative to evaluate, both separately and in conjunction, the likely effects on surface-water stages and flows, hydroperiod, and groundwater levels and salinity in south Florida of (1) a vertical Biscayne aquifer barrier to maintain higher wetland levels, (2) possible future changes to current water-management practices, and (3) sea-level rise. The BISECT model is a combination of the Tides and Inflows to the Mangrove Everglades (TIME) and Biscayne models of the western and eastern parts of south Florida including Everglades National Park, the southern Miami-Dade urban area, and the Biscayne Bay coast and simulates hydrodynamic surface-water flow and three-dimensional groundwater conditions dynamically for the period 1996–2004 by using the Flow and Transport in a Linked Overland/Aquifer Density-Dependent System (FTLOADDS) simulator. BISECT includes a number of parameter and algorithmic refinements that improve simulation results relative to the TIME and Biscayne models and represents the hydrologic system more explicitly, including (1) improved topographic representations, (2) refined Manning’s friction coefficients, (3) improved evapotranspiration computation through spatially variable albedo, (4) increased vertical aquifer discretization, and (5) extension of the western boundary farther offshore.
Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that simulated flows into Long Sound have a different pattern of response to tidal amplitude, wind, and frictional resistance changes than do other coastal streams in the model; flows at Broad River and Lostmans River are most sensitive to tidal amplitude, wind, and frictional resistance changes; and flow to the Everglades coastal streams is substantially affected by surface-water/groundwater interactions in the eastern urban areas. Insight into the hydrologic system came from scenario simulations that represent proposed management actions, such as grouting of the aquifer to prevent seepage from the wetlands and changes to water deliveries proposed by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), and projected sea-level rise. These scenario management changes are considered separately to isolate their specific effects and also in conjunction with sea-level rise. Scenario simulations show that (1) attempts to prevent seepage from the wetlands by grouting the aquifer along the L 31N levee produce minimal effects on surface-water levels; (2) the increased water deliveries proposed in the CERP redistribute flow to the northwestern coastal part of the study area with a minimal reduction to the southeast and a more substantial reduction in flows in the intervening coastal zones, mitigating some sea-level rise effects; (3) sea-level rise has a larger effect on the hydrology (water levels, flow, and salinity) than does CERP restoration; and (4) support for ecological models and hydrologic studies can be provided by applying BISECT to scenarios influenced by climatic and anthropogenic changes or by meteorological variability, such as extreme wet or dry periods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195045","collaboration":"USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Studies Initiative","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., Lohmann, M.A., and Goodwin, C.R., 2019, The hydrologic system of the south Florida peninsula—Development and application of the Biscayne and Southern Everglades Coastal Transport (BISECT) model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5045, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195045.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 114 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062750","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367710,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/P9MDUQPK","text":"USGS data release ","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"FTLOADDS (combined SWIFT2D surface-water model and SEAWAT groundwater model) simulator used to assess proposed sea-level rise response and water-resource management plans for the hydrologic system of the south Florida peninsula for the Biscayne and Southern Everglades Coastal Transport (BISECT) model"},{"id":367709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5045/sir20195045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5045"},{"id":367708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5045/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.49795532226562,\n 25.11544539706194\n ],\n [\n -80.15213012695312,\n 25.11544539706194\n ],\n [\n -80.15213012695312,\n 25.856751966503136\n ],\n [\n -81.49795532226562,\n 25.856751966503136\n ],\n [\n -81.49795532226562,\n 25.11544539706194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559
Assessing landscape patterns in climate vulnerability, as well as resilience and resistance to drought, disturbance, and invasive species, requires appropriate metrics of relevant environmental conditions. In dryland systems of western North America, soil temperature and moisture regimes have been widely utilized as an indicator of resilience to disturbance and resistance to invasive plant species by providing integrative indicators of long-term site aridity, which relates to ecosystem recovery potential and climatic suitability to invaders. However, the impact of climate change on these regimes, and the suitability of the indicator for estimating resistance and resilience in the context of climate change have not been assessed. Here we utilized a daily time-step, process-based, ecosystem water balance model to characterize current and future patterns in soil temperature and moisture conditions in dryland areas of western North America, and evaluate the impact of these changes on estimation of resilience and resistance. Soil temperature increases in the twenty-first century are substantial, relatively uniform geographically, and robust across climate models. Higher temperatures will expand the areas of mesic and thermic soil temperature regimes while decreasing the area of cryic and frigid temperature conditions. Projections for future precipitation are more variable both geographically and among climate models. Nevertheless, future soil moisture conditions are relatively consistent across climate models for much of the region. Projections of drier soils are expected in most of Arizona and New Mexico, as well as the central and southern U.S. Great Plains. By contrast, areas with projections of increasing soil moisture include northeastern Montana, southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, and many areas dominated by big sagebrush, particularly the Central and Northern Basin and Range and the Wyoming Basin ecoregions. In addition, many areas dominated by big sagebrush are expected to experience pronounced shifts toward cool season moisture, which will create more area with xeric moisture conditions and less area with ustic conditions. In addition to indicating widespread geographic shifts in the distribution of soil temperature and moisture regimes, our results suggest opportunities for enhancing the integration of these conditions into a quantitative framework for assessing climate change impacts on dryland ecosystem resilience and resistance that is responsive to long-term projections.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media, Inc.","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2019.00358","usgsCitation":"Bradford, J., Schlaepfer, D., Lauenroth, W.K., Palmquist, K.A., Chambers, J.C., Maestas, J.D., and Campbell, S.B., 2019, Climate-driven shifts in soil temperature and moisture regimes suggest opportunities to enhance assessments of dryland resilience and resistance: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, 358, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00358.","productDescription":"358, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107352","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00358","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PJFE82","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Historical and 21st century soil temperature and moisture data for drylands of western U.S. and Canada"},{"id":367777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -129.462890625,\n 28.497660832963472\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 28.497660832963472\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 53.98193516209167\n ],\n [\n -129.462890625,\n 53.98193516209167\n ],\n [\n -129.462890625,\n 28.497660832963472\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":219257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmquist, Kyle A.","contributorId":169517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":178256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maestas, Jeremy D.","contributorId":219258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maestas","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":39978,"text":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Redmond, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Campbell, Steven B.","contributorId":219259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":39979,"text":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Portland, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70205597,"text":"70205597 - 2019 - Comparison of physical to numerical mixing with different tracer advection schemes in estuarine environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-27T10:26:11","indexId":"70205597","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-26T09:18:41","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2380,"text":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of physical to numerical mixing with different tracer advection schemes in estuarine environments","docAbstract":"The numerical simulation of estuarine dynamics requires accurate prediction for the transport of tracers such as temperature and salinity. During the simulation of these processes, all numerical models introduce two kinds of tracer mixing: 1) by parameterizing the tracer eddy diffusivity through turbulence models leading to a source of physical mixing and 2) discretization of the tracer advection term that leads to numerical mixing. Both physical and numerical mixing vary with the choice of horizontal advection schemes, grid resolution, and time step. By simulating four idealized cases, this study compares physical and numerical mixing for three different tracer advection schemes. Idealized domains involving only physical and numerical mixing are used to verify the implementation of mixing terms by equating them to total tracer variance. Among the three horizontal advection schemes, the scheme that causes the least numerical mixing while maintaining a sharp front also results in larger physical mixing. Instantaneous spatial comparison of mixing components shows that physical mixing is dominant in regions of large vertical gradients while numerical mixing dominates at sharp fronts that contain large horizontal tracer gradients. In the case of estuaries, numerical mixing may dominate locally over physical mixing; however, the amount of volume integrated numerical mixing through the domain compared to integrated physical mixing remains relatively small for this particular modeling system.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/jmse7100338","usgsCitation":"Kalra, T., Li, X., Warner, J., Geyer, W.R., and Wu, H., 2019, Comparison of physical to numerical mixing with different tracer advection schemes in estuarine environments: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, v. 10, no. 7, 338, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100338.","productDescription":"338, 23 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-093994","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100338","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95E8LAS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Numerical model of salinity transport and mixing in the Hudson River Estuary"},{"id":437324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90KDWTX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Idealized COAWST model cases for studying the comparison of physical to numerical mixing with different tracer advection schemes in estuarine environments."},{"id":367765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalra, Tarandeep S. 0000-0001-5468-248X tkalra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-248X","contributorId":178820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalra","given":"Tarandeep S.","email":"tkalra@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":771876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Xiangyu","contributorId":219286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Xiangyu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geyer, W. R.","contributorId":29757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geyer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wu, Hui","contributorId":219287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Hui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70206807,"text":"70206807 - 2019 - Survival and recruitment dynamics of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla at an Alaskan colony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T09:02:54","indexId":"70206807","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-26T08:59:20","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and recruitment dynamics of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla at an Alaskan colony","docAbstract":"The majority of seabirds breed colonially and exhibit considerable site fidelity over the course of their long lifespans. Initial colony selection can therefore have substantial fitness consequences; however, factors contributing to recruitment into colonies and subsequent fidelity remain unclear. We used multi-state capture-recapture models to test several hypotheses related to apparent fledgling survival, the probability of recruitment to natal colonies, and apparent post-recruitment survival in Black-legged Kittiwakes with data from individuals banded as chicks and subsequently resighted at a colony in south-central Alaska over a twenty-year period. Competitive models suggested that apparent fledgling survival declined throughout our study; this decline was likely driven by intrinsic, cohort-specific processes and was not explainable by post-fledging wind and climate conditions. Independent resightings at other colonies suggest the apparent decline may have been at least partially influenced by permanent emigration (natal dispersal) that occurred more frequently when the colony size was large. Recruitment was primarily age-dependent, with no detectable effect of early life experience or annual changes in colony size, colony productivity, climate, or average weather conditions. We estimated an average recruitment age of seven years, which is older than typically reported for Atlantic kittiwake populations, and supports a more conservative life history strategy for kittiwakes in the Pacific. Variation in apparent survival of recruits was cohort-specific and did not correlate with age or annual changes in the factors listed above. Instead, apparent survival of recruits was best explained by colony size during a cohort’s second year, suggesting a degree of negative density dependence in post-recruitment survival or fidelity. This information could prove useful to managers deciding how to allocate resources among small, growing colonies and large, well-established colonies.","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Ornithology ","usgsCitation":"Loftin, C., McKnight, A., Blomberg, E.J., Irons, D.B., and McKinney, S.T., 2019, Survival and recruitment dynamics of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla at an Alaskan colony: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 47, p. 209-222.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"222","ipdsId":"IP-088802","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":369454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.marineornithology.org/content/get.cgi?rn=1319"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -139.74609375,\n 60.75915950226991\n ],\n [\n -140.625,\n 70.31873847853124\n ],\n [\n -157.67578125,\n 71.91088787611527\n ],\n [\n -166.81640625,\n 68.39918004344189\n ],\n [\n -167.16796875,\n 63.470144746565424\n ],\n [\n -164.35546875,\n 56.65622649350222\n ],\n [\n -158.73046875,\n 53.85252660044951\n ],\n [\n -147.65625,\n 60.1524422143808\n ],\n [\n -139.21874999999997,\n 58.17070248348609\n ],\n [\n -133.2421875,\n 53.12040528310657\n ],\n [\n -130.078125,\n 51.72702815704774\n ],\n [\n -130.078125,\n 55.47885346331034\n ],\n [\n -139.74609375,\n 60.75915950226991\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loftin, Cyndy 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":146427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cyndy","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Aly","contributorId":220818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Aly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blomberg, Erik J.","contributorId":220819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blomberg","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irons, David B.","contributorId":220820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKinney, Shawn T.","contributorId":220821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinney","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37487,"text":"formerly USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70215290,"text":"70215290 - 2019 - Experimental study on the impact of thermal maturity on shale microstructures using hydrous pyrolysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-14T22:16:22.915818","indexId":"70215290","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-25T17:15:50","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental study on the impact of thermal maturity on shale microstructures using hydrous pyrolysis","docAbstract":"Hydrous pyrolysis was applied to four low-maturity aliquots from the Utica, Excello, Monterey, and Niobrara Shale Formations in North America to create artificial maturation sequences, which could be used to study the impact of maturation on geochemical and microstructural properties. Modified Rock-Eval pyrolysis, reflectance, organic petrology, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to analyze their geochemical properties, while gas adsorption (CO2 and N2) was used to characterize their pore structures (pores < 200 nm). Organic petrography using white and blue light (fluorescence) before and after hydrous pyrolysis showed that amorphous organic matter cracked into solid bitumen, oil, and gas during hydrous pyrolysis. A reduction of the CH2/CH3 ratio in hydrous pyrolysis residues was observed from FTIR analysis. Rock-Eval pyrolysis showed that kerogens in the four samples were dissimilar, and hydrous pyrolysis residues showed smaller hydrogen index and Sh2 values than starting materials. Results from CO2 and N2 gas adsorption analysis showed that pore structures (micropore volume, micropore surface area, meso-macropore volume, and meso-macropore surface area) changed significantly during hydrous pyrolysis. However, changes in pore structure were dissimilar among the four samples, which was attributed to different activation energies of organic matter. A thermodynamic fractal model showed a decrease in fractal dimensions of Utica, Monterey, and Excello after hydrous pyrolysis, indicating a decrease in surface roughness. The pore size heterogeneity in the Utica sample increased as hydrous pyrolysis temperature increased, whereas the pore size heterogeneity distributions in the Monterey and Excello decreased based on the N2 adsorption data.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02389","usgsCitation":"Liu, K., Ostadhassan, M., Hackley, P.C., Gentzis, T., Zou, J., Yuan, Y., Carvajal-Ortiz, H., Rezaee, R., and Bubach, B., 2019, Experimental study on the impact of thermal maturity on shale microstructures using hydrous pyrolysis: Energy & Fuels, v. 33, no. 10, p. 9702-9719, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02389.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"9702","endPage":"9719","ipdsId":"IP-103911","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Kouqi","contributorId":243145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Kouqi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17628,"text":"University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostadhassan, M.","contributorId":243146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostadhassan","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17628,"text":"University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gentzis, T.","contributorId":243147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gentzis","given":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":39779,"text":"Core Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zou, J.","contributorId":243148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zou","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48648,"text":"Department of Petroleum Engineering, Curtin University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yuan, Y.","contributorId":243149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuan","given":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":48648,"text":"Department of Petroleum Engineering, Curtin University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carvajal-Ortiz, H.","contributorId":243150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carvajal-Ortiz","given":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":39779,"text":"Core Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rezaee, R.","contributorId":243151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rezaee","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48648,"text":"Department of Petroleum Engineering, Curtin University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bubach, B.","contributorId":243152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bubach","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17628,"text":"University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70205500,"text":"sim3438 - 2019 - Map of the approximate inland extent of saltwater at the base of the Biscayne aquifer in Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-26T08:02:35","indexId":"sim3438","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-25T14:58:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3438","displayTitle":"Map of the Approximate Inland Extent of Saltwater at the Base of the Biscayne Aquifer in Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2018","title":"Map of the approximate inland extent of saltwater at the base of the Biscayne aquifer in Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2018","docAbstract":"The inland extent of saltwater at the base of the Biscayne aquifer in eastern Miami-Dade County, Florida, was mapped in 2011, and it was mapped in the Model Land Area in 2016. The saltwater interface has continued to move inland in some areas and is now near several active well fields. An updated approximation of the inland extent of saltwater has been created by using data collected during March 8–December 13, 2018, from 111 monitoring wells open to the Biscayne aquifer near its base. Chloride concentrations in water samples from the monitoring wells and bulk conductivity from geophysical logs and measurements of the specific conductance of groundwater were used to approximate the position of the isochlor representing a chloride concentration of 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) at the base of the Biscayne aquifer.
An average rate of saltwater interface movement of about 102 meters per year in the Model Land Area along SW 360 Street was estimated from the approximated dates of arrival of the 250-, 500-, and 1,000-mg/L isochlors at wells TPGW-7L (2013–2014) and ACI-MW-05-FS (2017–2018). This estimate assumes that the interface is traveling in a path parallel to an imaginary line connecting the two monitoring wells.
Of the 111 wells from which data were used, 80 wells have open intervals of ≤ 4 meters, 20 of the wells have open intervals that range from 4.3 to 39.6 meters, and the lengths of the open intervals could not be determined in 11 wells. Studies have shown that long open intervals might allow water from various depths to mix under ambient or pumped conditions, which in turn could alter the maximum chloride concentration sampled in the well, or it might change the depth at which the maximum specific conductance is measured within a well, relative to its depth in the aquifer. The approximation of the inland extent of the saltwater interface and the estimated rate of movement of the interface are dependent on the quality of existing data. Improved estimates could be obtained by installing uniformly designed monitoring wells in systematic transects extending landward of the advancing saltwater interface. To achieve this goal, Miami-Dade County and some other organizations are routinely adding new monitoring wells with short open intervals and replacing poorly designed or positioned monitoring wells to improve spatial coverage of the network.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3438","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Miami-Dade County","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., 2019, Map of the approximate inland extent of saltwater at the base of the Biscayne aquifer in Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3438, 10-p. pamphlet, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3438.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vii, 10 p.; 1 Plate: 35.8 x 46.0 inches; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-107371","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367675,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3438/sim3438.pdf","text":"Sheet","size":"898 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3438"},{"id":367674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3438/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":367676,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3438/sim3438_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"857 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3438 Pamphlet"},{"id":367677,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZIC1O4","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data Pertaining to Mapping the Approximate Inland Extent of Saltwater at the Base of the Biscayne Aquifer in Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8538818359375,\n 25.095548539604252\n ],\n [\n -79.9969482421875,\n 25.095548539604252\n ],\n [\n -79.9969482421875,\n 26.892679095908164\n ],\n [\n -80.8538818359375,\n 26.892679095908164\n ],\n [\n -80.8538818359375,\n 25.095548539604252\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559
Although streamflow is widely recognized as a controlling factor in stream health, empirical relations between indicators of anthropogenic modification of streamflow and ecological indicators have been elusive. The objective of this report is to build upon specific findings reported in recent publications by providing a library of empirical models that describe the relations between streamflow modification and indicators of biological integrity. Biological monitoring data from 812 streams and rivers across the United States were matched with sites where daily streamflow was also monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey. Of these sites, 118 were sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey along gradients of streamflow modification within 3 regional focus studies. The integrity of invertebrate and fish communities was expressed as a binary variable, “impaired” or “unimpaired,” signifying whether or not the composition and structure of the biological community was statistically reduced relative to regional reference sites. Streamflow modification at each gaged site was quantified with 509 streamflow statistics scaled to express the ratio of observed streamflow conditions to site-specific expected conditions in the absence of human influences on watershed hydrology. For each region, generalized additive modeling was used to examine relations between each indicator of streamflow modification and indicators of biological integrity (response variable). In every region examined, statistically defensible and ecologically realistic relations were found between indicators of streamflow modification and indicators of biological integrity. These findings can aid practitioners and managers seeking to (1) propose empirically based hypotheses about the specific components of streamflow regimes that are critical to aquatic communities, which can subsequently be explored in detail in a region or river basin of interest; and (2) predict biological responses to anthropogenic modification of specific components of the streamflow regime.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191088","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D.M., Grantham, T.E., Eng, K., Wolock, D.M., 2019, Regional-scale associations between indicators of biological integrity and indicators of streamflow modification: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1088, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191088.\n","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-097828","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367467,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O2ZV0M","linkHelpText":"Regional-scale Model Predictions of the Relation Between Biological Integrity and Streamflow Modification"},{"id":367452,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1088/ofr20191088.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1088"},{"id":367451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1088/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, USGS Kansas Water Science Center
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
785-842-9909
Organisms that move across ecosystem boundaries connect food webs in apparently disparate locations. As part of their life cycle, aquatic insects transition from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults, thereby linking freshwater ecosystem processes and terrestrial insectivore dynamics. These linkages are strongly affected by contamination of freshwater ecosystems, which can reduce production of adult aquatic insects (i.e., emergence), increase contaminant concentrations in adult insect tissues, and alter contaminant flux to terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the potential impact of contaminants on adult aquatic insects, little is known about predicting these effects. Here, I develop a heuristic model based on contaminant properties and ecotoxicological principles to predict the effects of various classes of aquatic contaminants on adult aquatic insects and discuss implications for terrestrial insectivores living near contaminated freshwaters. The main finding is that contaminant classes vary greatly in how their biologically-mediated effects on aquatic insects affect terrestrial insectivores. Highly bioaccumulative contaminants that are well retained during metamorphosis, like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are often non-toxic to aquatic insect larvae at concentrations commonly found in the environment. Such contaminants flux from aquatic ecosystems in large quantities in the bodies of emerging adult aquatic insects and expose terrestrial insectivores to toxic levels of pollution. On the other hand, contaminants that are less bioaccumulative, excreted during metamorphosis, and more toxic to insects, like trace metals, tend to affect terrestrial insectivores by reducing production of adult aquatic insects on which they prey. Management applications of this model illustrate type and severity of risk of aquatic contaminants to consumers of adult aquatic insects.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press Journals","doi":"10.1086/705997","usgsCitation":"Kraus, J.M., 2019, Contaminants in linked aquatic–terrestrial ecosystems: Predicting effects of aquatic pollution on adult aquatic insects and terrestrial insectivores: Freshwater Science, v. 38, no. 4, p. 919-927, https://doi.org/10.1086/705997.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"919","endPage":"927","ipdsId":"IP-101646","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Johanna M. 0000-0002-9513-4129 jkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-4129","contributorId":4834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Johanna","email":"jkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70205561,"text":"70205561 - 2019 - Growth drivers of Bakken oil well productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T16:31:34.428529","indexId":"70205561","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-23T10:26:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth drivers of Bakken oil well productivity","docAbstract":"This paper identifies the drivers of the phenomenal growth in productivity in hydraulically fractured horizontal oil wells producing from the middle member of the Bakken Formation in North Dakota. The data show a strong underlying spatial component and somewhat weaker temporal component. Drivers of the spatial component are favorable reservoir conditions. The temporal component of well productivity growth is driven by increasing the number of fracture treatments and by increasing the volume of proppant and injection fluids used on a per fracture treatment basis. Random Forest, a non-parametric modeling procedure often applied in the context of machine learning, is used to identify the relative importance of geologic and well-completion factors that have driven the growth in Bakken well productivity. The findings of this study suggest that a significant part of the well productivity increases during the period from 2010 to 2015 have been the result of improved well-site selection. For the more recent period, that is from 2015 through 2017, part of the improved well productivity has resulted from substantial increases in the proppant and injection fluids used per stage and per well.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-019-09559-5","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Freeman, P., 2019, Growth drivers of Bakken oil well productivity: Natural Resources Research, v. 29, p. 1471-1486, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09559-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1471","endPage":"1486","ipdsId":"IP-103552","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09559-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Bakken Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.20654296875,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -109.127197265625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -109.083251953125,\n 48.05605376398125\n ],\n [\n -108.1494140625,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -103.304443359375,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -101.66748046874999,\n 44.84808025602074\n ],\n [\n -100.184326171875,\n 45.236217535866025\n ],\n [\n -99.283447265625,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -99.107666015625,\n 47.61356975397398\n ],\n [\n -99.20654296875,\n 48.98742700601184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":206294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70217821,"text":"70217821 - 2019 - Where’s the rock: Using convolutional neural networks to improve land cover classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T13:29:44.832983","indexId":"70217821","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-21T08:29:29","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Where’s the rock: Using convolutional neural networks to improve land cover classification","docAbstract":"While machine learning techniques have been increasingly applied to land cover classification problems, these techniques have not focused on separating exposed bare rock from soil covered areas. Therefore, we built a convolutional neural network (CNN) to differentiate exposed bare rock (rock) from soil cover (other). We made a training dataset by mapping exposed rock at eight test sites across the Sierra Nevada Mountains (California, USA) using USDA’s 0.6 m National Aerial Inventory Program (NAIP) orthoimagery. These areas were then used to train and test the CNN. The resulting machine learning approach classifies bare rock in NAIP orthoimagery with a 0.95
We diagnosed leptospirosis in six northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) that stranded on beaches in Washington, US in 2002. Significant gross findings included cyanotic oral mucous membranes, renal swelling, congestion or pale streaks on the cut surface of the lobules, hematuria, dehydration, lymphadenopathy, pulmonary congestion and rarely adrenal hemorrhage and congestion. Histopathology showed lymphoplasmacytic tubulointerstitial nephritis with intraluminal spirochetes and immunoreactivity to leptospiral antigens in the renal tubules and interstitium. qPCR using kidney or urine for the leptospiral lipL32 gene was positive with cycle threshold values indicative of abundant or moderate amounts of nucleic acid. A microscopic agglutination test showed the highest serum antibody titer to serovar Pomona and titers to serovars Autumnalis, Bratislava, Hebdomadis, Grippo, Ictero, Pyrogenes, Ballum, Canicola, and Hardjo. While antibodies to Leptospira interrogans have been previously detected in sea otters, there are no reports of disease or descriptions of pathology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association ","doi":"10.7589/2019-05-112","usgsCitation":"Knowles, S., Lynch, D., and Thomas, N.J., 2019, Leptospirosis in Northern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) from Washington: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 56, no. 2, p. 466-471, https://doi.org/10.7589/2019-05-112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"466","endPage":"471","ipdsId":"IP-106498","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Priorities for the Nation—The U.S. Geological Survey Next Generation Water Observing System","title":"Water priorities for the nation—The U.S. Geological Survey next generation water observing system","docAbstract":"The challenges of providing safe and sustainable water supplies for human and ecological uses and protecting lives and property during water emergencies are well recognized. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) plays an essential role in meeting these challenges through its observational networks and renowned water science and research activities (National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, 2018). Substantial advances in water science, together with emerging breakthroughs in technical and computational capabilities, have led the USGS to develop a Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS). The NGWOS will provide real-time data on water quantity and quality in more affordable and rapid ways than previously possible, and in more locations. The data will be served through a modernized USGS National Water Information System that will be coupled to advanced modeling tools to inform daily water operations, decision-making during water emergencies (like floods, droughts, and contaminant spills), assessments of past trends in water quantity and quality, and forecasts of future water availability.
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Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
3916 Sunset Ridge Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 26707