{"pageNumber":"312","pageRowStart":"7775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10457,"records":[{"id":70021635,"text":"70021635 - 1999 - An example of neotectonism in a continental interior - Thebes Gap, Midcontinent, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70021635","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An example of neotectonism in a continental interior - Thebes Gap, Midcontinent, United States","docAbstract":"Some of the most intense neotectonic activity known in the continental interior of North America has been recently discovered on a fault zone in the Thebes Gap area, Missouri and Illinois. This faulting almost assuredly was accompanied by large earthquakes. The zone is located approximately 30 km north of the New Madrid seismic zone and consists of complex north-northeast- to northeast-striking, steeply dipping faults that have had a long-lived history of reactivation throughout most of the Phanerozoic. Geophysical studies by others suggest that the faults are rooted in the deeply buried Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian Reelfoot rift system. Quaternary deposits are cut by at least four episodes of faulting, two of which occurred during the Holocene. The overall style of neotectonic deformation is interpreted as right-lateral strike-slip faulting. At many locations, however, near-surface displacements have stepped from one fault strand to another and produced normal and oblique-slip faults in areas of transtension and high-angle reverse faults, thrust faults, and folds in areas of transpression. There is evidence of reactivation of some near-surface fault segments during the great 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes. Quaternary faulting at Thebes Gap demonstrates that there are additional seismic-source zones in the Midcontinent, U.S., other than New Madrid, and that even in the absence of plate-margin orogenesis, intense neotectonic activity does occur over long time periods along crustal weakenesses in continental interiors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00010-4","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Harrison, R., Hoffman, D., Vaughn, J., Palmer, J.R., Wiscombe, C., McGeehin, J., Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J.K., Williams, R.A., and Forman, S., 1999, An example of neotectonism in a continental interior - Thebes Gap, Midcontinent, United States: Tectonophysics, v. 305, no. 1-3, p. 399-417, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00010-4.","startPage":"399","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00010-4"},{"id":229075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"305","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea60e4b0c8380cd48809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, R.W.","contributorId":32188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D.","contributorId":72895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vaughn, J.D.","contributorId":49821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmer, J. R.","contributorId":83559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiscombe, C.L.","contributorId":58794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiscombe","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Forman, S.L.","contributorId":38597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forman","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70021592,"text":"70021592 - 1999 - Iapetonudus (N. gen.) and Iapetognathus Landing, unusual Earliest Ordovician multielement conodont taxa and their utility for biostratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-10T00:58:59.855288","indexId":"70021592","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1077,"text":"Brigham Young University Geology Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iapetonudus (N. gen.) and Iapetognathus Landing, unusual Earliest Ordovician multielement conodont taxa and their utility for biostratigraphy","docAbstract":"The Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) multielement conodont genus Iapetognathus is one of the oldest denticulate euconodont genera known. The ramiform-ramiform apparatus structure of Iapetognathus is not similar morphologically to other Late Cambrian to Earliest Ordovician denticulate multielement taxa, such as Eodentatus or Cordyloduts, because the major denticulate process has a lateral rather than a posterior orientation as it is in the other two examples. For this reason the genus is believed to have developed from the coniform-coniform apparatus Iapetonudus ibexensis (N.gen., n.sp.) through the development of the denticulate lateral processes. The two genera have a number of morphologic features in common and appear in stratigraphic succession. Iapetognathus aengensis (Lindstro??m) is redefined as a multielement taxon using topotype material and Ig. preaengensis Landing is placed in synonymy with it. Iapetognathus sprakersi, recently described by Landing in Landing and others (1996), is recognized as a multielement species and the new multielement species, Ig. fluctivagus, Ig. jilinensis and Ig. landingi n. spp. are described herein, based on type specimens from Utah (U.S.A.), Jilin (China) and Colorado (U.S.A.) respectively. Iapetonudus and Iapetognathus are important genera in defining the level of the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. Iapetonudus is currently recognized only from Utah, Texas and Oklahoma, but Iapetognathus is cosmopolitan in its distribution.","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","issn":"00681016","usgsCitation":"Nicoll, R., Miller, J., Nowlan, G., Repetski, J., and Ethington, R.L., 1999, Iapetonudus (N. gen.) and Iapetognathus Landing, unusual Earliest Ordovician multielement conodont taxa and their utility for biostratigraphy: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 44, p. 27-55.","productDescription":"29 P.","startPage":"27","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37e6e4b0c8380cd61271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicoll, R.S.","contributorId":80445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicoll","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.F.","contributorId":29830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowlan, G.S.","contributorId":97270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowlan","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ethington, Raymond L.","contributorId":93507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ethington","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021570,"text":"70021570 - 1999 - Establishment of woody riparian species from natural seedfall at a former gravel pit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021570","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishment of woody riparian species from natural seedfall at a former gravel pit","docAbstract":"Establishment of native riparian communities through natural seedfall may be a viable reclamation alternative at some alluvial sand and gravel mines where water level can be controlled in the abandoned pit. We experimented with this approach at a pit in Fort Collins, Colorado, where a drain culvert equipped with a screw gate allows water levels to be manipulated. From 1994 to 1996 we conducted a series of annual drawdowns during the period of natural seedfall of Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera (plains cottonwood), Salix amygdaloides (peachleaf willow), and S. exigua (sand-bar willow), thus providing the bare, moist substrate conducive to establishment of these species. Establishment was highly variable from year to year; in the fall following establishment, frequency of occurrence on 0.5-m2 sample plots ranged from 8.6% to 50.6% for cottonwood, 15.9% to 22.0% for peachleaf willow, and 21.7% to 50.0% for sandbar willow. Mean densities, however, were comparable to those reported for other locations. Concurrent establishment of the undesirable exotic Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) was a problem, but we were able to eradicate most saltcedar seedlings by reflooding the lower elevations of the annual drawdown zones each fall. At the end of the 3-year period, at least one of the three native woody species survived on 41.1% of the plots, while saltcedar was present on only 6.1%. In addition to the potential for establishing valuable native habitats, adaptations of the techniques described may require less earth moving than other reclamation approaches.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72011.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., and Gladwin, D., 1999, Establishment of woody riparian species from natural seedfall at a former gravel pit: Restoration Ecology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 183-192, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72011.x.","startPage":"183","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206248,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72011.x"},{"id":229212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a6ce4b0c8380cd52357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":91066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gladwin, D.N.","contributorId":40562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021542,"text":"70021542 - 1999 - Surface faulting and paleoseismic history of the 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake area, west-central Nevada, and implications for modern tectonics of the Walker Lane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T00:51:52.336799","indexId":"70021542","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface faulting and paleoseismic history of the 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake area, west-central Nevada, and implications for modern tectonics of the Walker Lane","docAbstract":"The 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake (Ms 7.2) was one of the largest historical events in the Walker Lane region of western Nevada, and it produced a complicated strike-slip rupture pattern on multiple Quaternary faults distributed through three valleys. Primary, right-lateral surface ruptures occurred on north-striking faults in Monte Cristo Valley; small-scale lateral and normal offsets occurred in Stewart Valley; and secondary, normal faulting occurred on north-northeast-striking faults in the Gabbs Valley epicentral region. A reexamination of the surface ruptures provides new displacement and fault-zone data: maximum cumulative offset is estimated to be 2.7 m, and newly recognized faults extend the maximum width and end-to-end length of the rupture zone to 17 and 75 km, respectively. A detailed Quaternary allostratigraphic chronology based on regional alluvialgeomorphic relationships, tephrochronology, and radiocarbon dating provides a framework for interpreting the paleoseismic history of the fault zone. A late Wisconsinan alluvial-fan and piedmont unit containing a 32-36 ka tephra layer is a key stratigraphic datum for paleoseismic measurements. Exploratory trenching and radiocarbon dating of tectonic stratigraphy provide the first estimates for timing of late Quaternary faulting along the Cedar Mountain fault zone. Three trenches display evidence for six faulting events, including that in 1932, during the past 32-36 ka. Radiocarbon dating of organic soils interstratified with tectonically ponded silts establishes best-fit ages of the pre-1932 events at 4, 5,12,15, and 18 ka, each with ??2 ka uncertainties. On the basis of an estimated cumulative net slip of 6-12 m for the six faulting events, minimum and maximum late Quaternary slip rates are 0.2 and 0.7 mm/yr, respectively, and the preferred rate is 0.4-0.5 mm/yr. The average recurrence (interseismic) interval is 3600 yr. The relatively uniform thickness of the ponded deposits suggests that similar-size, characteristic rupture events may characterize late Quaternary slip on the zone. A comparison of event timing with the average late Quaternary recurrence interval indicates that slip has been largely regular (periodic) rather than temporally clustered. To account for the spatial separation of the primary surface faulting in Monte Cristo Valley from the epicenter and for a factor-of-two-to-three disparity between the instrumentally and geologically determined seismic moments associated with the earthquake, we hypothesize two alternative tectonic models containing undetected subevents. Either model would adequately account for the observed faulting on the basis of wrench-fault kinematics that may be associated with the Walker Lane. The 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake is considered an important modern analogue for seismotectonic modeling and estimating seismic hazard in the Walker Lane region. In contrast to most other historical events in the Basin and Range province, the 1932 event did not occur along a major range-bounding fault, and no single, throughgoing basement structure can account for the observed rupture pattern. The 1932 faulting supports the concept that major earthquakes in the Basin and Range province can exhibit complicated distributive rupture patterns and that slip rate may not be a reliable criterion for modeling seismic hazard.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Bell, J.W., DePolo, C., Ramelli, A., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., and Meyer, C., 1999, Surface faulting and paleoseismic history of the 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake area, west-central Nevada, and implications for modern tectonics of the Walker Lane: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 6, p. 791-807.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"807","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9faae4b08c986b31e778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, J. W.","contributorId":54288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DePolo, C.M.","contributorId":74533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePolo","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramelli, A. R.","contributorId":100564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramelli","given":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021518,"text":"70021518 - 1999 - Predicting ground-water movement in large mine spoil areas in the Appalachian Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021518","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting ground-water movement in large mine spoil areas in the Appalachian Plateau","docAbstract":"Spoil created by surface mining can accumulate large quantities of ground-water, which can create geotechnical or regulatory problems, as well as flood active mine pits. A current study at a large (4.1 km2), thick, (up to 90 m) spoil body in eastern Kentucky reveals important factors that control the storage and movement of water. Ground-water recharge occurs along the periphery of the spoil body where surface-water drainage is blocked, as well as from infiltration along the spoil-bedrock contact, recharge from adjacent bedrock, and to a minor extent, through macropores at the spoil's surface. Based on an average saturated thickness of 6.4 m for all spoil wells, and assuming an estimated porosity of 20%, approximately 5.2 x 106 m3 of water is stored within the existing 4.1 km2 of reclaimed spoil. A conceptual model of ground-water flow, based on data from monitoring wells, dye-tracing data, discharge from springs and ponds, hydraulic gradients, chemical data, field reconnaissance, and aerial photographs indicate that three distinct but interconnected saturated zones have been established: one in the spoil's interior, and others in the valley fills that surround the main spoil body at lower elevations. Ground-water movement is sluggish in the spoil's interior, but moves quickly through the valley fills. The conceptual model shows that a prediction of ground-water occurrence, movement, and quality can be made for active or abandoned spoil areas if all or some of the following data are available: structural contour of the base of the lowest coal seam being mined, pre-mining topography, documentation of mining methods employed throughout the mine, overburden characteristics, and aerial photographs of mine progression.Spoil created by surface mining can accumulate large quantities of ground-water, which can create geotechnical or regulatory problems, as well as flood active mine pits. A current study at a large (4.1 km2), thick, (up to 90 m) spoil body in eastern Kentucky reveals important factors that control the storage and movement of water. Ground-water recharge occurs along the periphery of the spoil body where surface-water drainage is blocked, as well as from infiltration along the spoil-bedrock contact, recharge from adjacent bedrock, and to a minor extent, through macropores at the spoil's surface. Based on an average saturated thickness of 6.4 m for all spoil wells, and assuming an estimated porosity of 20%, approximately 5.2 ?? 106 m3 of water is stored within the existing 4.1 km2 of reclaimed spoil. A conceptual model of ground-water flow, based on data from monitoring wells, dye-tracing data, discharge from springs and ponds, hydraulic gradients, chemical data, field reconnaissance, and aerial photographs indicate that three distinct but interconnected saturated zones have been established: one in the spoil's interior, and others in the valley fills that surround the main spoil body at lower elevations. Ground-water movement is sluggish in the spoil's interior, but moves quickly through the valley fills. The conceptual model shows that a prediction of ground-water occurrence, movement, and quality can be made for active or abandoned spoil areas if all or some of the following data are available: structural contour of the base of the lowest coal seam being mined, pre-mining topography, documentation of mining methods employed throughout the mine, overburden characteristics, and aerial photographs of mine progression.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00012-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Wunsch, D., Dinger, J., and Graham, C., 1999, Predicting ground-water movement in large mine spoil areas in the Appalachian Plateau: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 41, no. 1-2, p. 73-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00012-9.","startPage":"73","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206376,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00012-9"},{"id":229580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b6e4b0c8380cd7b6b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wunsch, D.R.","contributorId":71340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunsch","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinger, J.S.","contributorId":64416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, C.D.R.","contributorId":85736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"C.D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021487,"text":"70021487 - 1999 - Methods for developing time-series climate surfaces to drive topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-25T23:02:50.704418","indexId":"70021487","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for developing time-series climate surfaces to drive topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models can accurately simulate both the development and melting of a seasonal snowcover in the mountain basins. To do this they require time-series climate surfaces of air temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and solar and thermal radiation. If data are available, these parameters can be adequately estimated at time steps of one to three hours. Unfortunately, climate monitoring in mountain basins is very limited, and the full range of elevations and exposures that affect climate conditions, snow deposition, and melt is seldom sampled. Detailed time-series climate surfaces have been successfully developed using limited data and relatively simple methods. We present a synopsis of the tools and methods used to combine limited data with simple corrections for the topographic controls to generate high temporal resolution time-series images of these climate parameters. Methods used include simulations, elevational gradients, and detrended kriging. The generated climate surfaces are evaluated at points and spatially to determine if they are reasonable approximations of actual conditions. Recommendations are made for the addition of critical parameters and measurement sites into routine monitoring systems in mountain basins.&nbsp;</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<2003::AID-HYP884>3.0.CO;2-K","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Susong, D., Marks, D., and Garen, D., 1999, Methods for developing time-series climate surfaces to drive topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 12-13, p. 2003-2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<2003::AID-HYP884>3.0.CO;2-K.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2003","endPage":"2021","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"12-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55b2e4b0c8380cd6d273","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Susong, D.","contributorId":30777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marks, D.","contributorId":93217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marks","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garen, D.","contributorId":28395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garen","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021455,"text":"70021455 - 1999 - Window into the Caledonian orogen: Structure of the crust beneath the East Shetland platform, United Kingdom","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T00:58:51.275141","indexId":"70021455","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Window into the Caledonian orogen: Structure of the crust beneath the East Shetland platform, United Kingdom","docAbstract":"<p>Reprocessing and interpretation of commercial and deep seismic reflection data across the East Shetland platform and its North Sea margin provide a new view of crustal subbasement structure beneath a poorly known region of the British Caledonian orogen. The East Shetland platform, east of the Great Glen strike-slip fault system, is one of the few areas of the offshore British Caledonides that remained relatively insulated from the Mesozoic and later rifting that involved much of the area around the British Isles, thus providing an “acoustic window” into the deep structure of the orogen. Interpretation of the reflection data suggests that the crust beneath the platform retains a significant amount of its original Caledonian and older architecture. The upper to middle crust is typically poorly reflective except for individual prominent dipping reflectors with complex orientations that decrease in dip with depth and merge with a lower crustal layer of high reflectivity. The three-dimensional structural orientation of the reflectors beneath the East Shetland platform is at variance with Caledonian reflector trends observed elsewhere in the Caledonian orogen (e.g., north of the Scottish mainland), emphasizing the unique tectonic character of this part of the orogen. Upper to middle crustal reflectors are interpreted as Caledonian or older thrust surfaces that were possibly reactivated by Devonian extension associated with post-Caledonian orogenic collapse.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1030:WITCOS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"McBride, J., and England, R., 1999, Window into the Caledonian orogen: Structure of the crust beneath the East Shetland platform, United Kingdom: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 7, p. 1030-1041, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1030:WITCOS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1030","endPage":"1041","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United Kingdom","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              0.9234307350322126,\n              61.44094967890982\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.524811452468299,\n              61.44094967890982\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.524811452468299,\n              55.030638269889465\n            ],\n            [\n              0.9234307350322126,\n              55.030638269889465\n            ],\n            [\n              0.9234307350322126,\n              61.44094967890982\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd127e4b08c986b32f277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"England, R.W.","contributorId":106663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"England","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021419,"text":"70021419 - 1999 - Zebra mussel filter feeding and food-limited production of Daphnia: Recent changes in lower trophic level dynamics of Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021419","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zebra mussel filter feeding and food-limited production of Daphnia: Recent changes in lower trophic level dynamics of Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Exotic zebra mussels can alter lower trophic level dynamics in lakes that they colonize by consuming large quantities of phytoplankton. We simulated the indirect effects of zebra mussel grazing on Daphnia by artificially reducing phytoplankton concentration for in situ Daphnia reproduction experiments. The response of Daphnia reproduction to reduced phytoplankton was evaluated for both the in situ experiments and field observations in Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A. Oneida Lake has had an abundant population of zebra mussels since 1992. Our experiments revealed that fecundity of individuals from two species of Daphnia was positively related to phytoplankton concentration during the spring clearwater phase, although there was no discernible effect of food concentration on fecundity in summer cyanobacteria-dominated assemblages. The experimental results suggest that Daphnia fecundity responds to chlorophyll a concentrations < 2 ??g l-1. The years since zebra mussels became abundant in Oneida Lake have been characterized by high water clarity, low chlorophyll concentrations, long clearwater phases, and low Daphnia biomass compared with the previous 17 years. The food web effects of zebra mussel grazing are complex and it will take more years for impacts at higher trophic levels to develop and be identified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1003877013112","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Horgan, M., and Mills, E., 1999, Zebra mussel filter feeding and food-limited production of Daphnia: Recent changes in lower trophic level dynamics of Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.: Hydrobiologia, v. 411, p. 79-88, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003877013112.","startPage":"79","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003877013112"}],"volume":"411","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd259e4b08c986b32f779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horgan, M.J.","contributorId":68060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horgan","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, E.L.","contributorId":73525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021372,"text":"70021372 - 1999 - The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T18:04:21.410611","indexId":"70021372","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (<i>Spartina alterniflora</i> loisel.)","title":"The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Burning has been employed as an oil spill remediation technique in coastal marshes, even though the combined and interactive effects of oil and burning on vegetation are poorly understood. Variation among clones of perennial marsh grasses in response to these perturbations is not known. We performed a greenhouse experiment designed to assess the effects of Venezuelan crude oil alone and of oil followed by burning on three clonal genets of</span><i>Spartina alterniflora</i><span>. The fully-crossed 6-mo experiment involved five dosages of oil (0 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, 4 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, 8 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, 16 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, and 24 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>) and two burn treatments (burned or unburned) applied to ramets from three clones. All oil-only dosages reduced survival, but burning after oiling (oil + burn treatments) increased survival relative to oil-only groups in all except the highest two oil dosages. Higher oil-only treatments also reduced ramet densities and inhibited density increases over 6 mo. Burning after treatment with the 16 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;oil concentration allowed increased production of new ramets, but burning exacerbated the negative impacts on ramet density at the oil concentration of 24 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. At some intermediate oil dosages, burning remediated the negative effects of oil on aboveground biomass production and growth in height. There was a significant effect of oil-only treatments on numbers of flowering ramets produced, in which two clones responded with decreased flower production and one exhibited increased flowering. There was no main effect of oil + burn on flowering. There were significant among-clones differences in all response variables to one or both treatments. Our experiment demonstrates that burning of oiled</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;marshes may have little measurable effect at low levels of Venezuelan crude oil, can remediate the effects of oil at intermediate oil concentrations, but can increase the negative impacts at high concentrations of oil. These results indicate that oil spills have the potential to adversely affect genetic diversity in</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;populations by eliminating some sensitive clonal variants or changing the relative dominance of genets. These results suggest certain clones may be better suited for phytoremediation or restoration planting following oil spills.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353049","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., and Proffitt, C., 1999, The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.): Estuaries, v. 22, no. 3A, p. 616-623, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353049.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"616","endPage":"623","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Calcasieu Lake Estuary, Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge, Sabine Prairie National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      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D.L.","contributorId":41833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Proffitt, C.E. 0000-0002-0845-8441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8441","contributorId":47339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020991,"text":"70020991 - 1999 - Late Quaternary loess in northeastern Colorado: Part I - Age and paleoclimatic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T01:07:36.493373","indexId":"70020991","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary loess in northeastern Colorado: Part I - Age and paleoclimatic significance","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15009340\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Loess in eastern Colorado covers an estimated 14 000 km<sup>2</sup>, and is the westernmost part of the North American midcontinent loess province. Stratigraphic studies indicate there were two periods of loess deposition in eastern Colorado during late Quaternary time. The first period spanned ca. 20 000 to 12 000<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>C yr B.P. (ca. 20–14 ka) and correlates reasonably well with the culmination and retreat of Pinedale glaciers in the Colorado Front Range during the last glacial maximum. The second period of loess deposition occurred between ca. 11 000 and 9000<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>C yr B.P. This interval may be Holocene or may correlate with a hypothesized Younger Dryas glacial advance in the Colorado Front Range. Sedimentologic, mineralogic, and geochemical data indicate that as many as three sources could have supplied loess in eastern Colorado. These sources include glaciogenic silt (derived from the Colorado Front Range) and two bedrock sources, volcaniclastic silt from the White River Group, and clays from the Pierre Shale. The sediment sources imply a generally westerly paleowind during the last glacial maximum. New carbon isotope data, combined with published faunal data, indicate that the loess was probably deposited on a cool steppe, implying a last glacial maximum July temperature depression, relative to the present, of at least 5–6 °C. Overall, loess deposition in eastern Colorado occurred mostly toward the end of the last glacial maximum, under cooler and drier conditions, with generally westerly winds from more than one source.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1861:LQLINC>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Aleinikoff, J.N., Stafford, T.W., Kihl, R., Been, J., Mahan, S., and Cowherd, S., 1999, Late Quaternary loess in northeastern Colorado: Part I - Age and paleoclimatic significance: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 12, p. 1861-1875, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1861:LQLINC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1861","endPage":"1875","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4530e4b0c8380cd670db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, Thomas W. Jr.","contributorId":21283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kihl, R.","contributorId":41605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kihl","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Been, J.","contributorId":24949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cowherd, S.","contributorId":8633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowherd","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70020987,"text":"70020987 - 1999 - Dynamic 3D simulations of earthquakes on en echelon faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T00:17:52.760565","indexId":"70020987","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic 3D simulations of earthquakes on en echelon faults","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>One of the mysteries of earthquake mechanics is why earthquakes stop. This process determines the difference between small and devastating ruptures. One possibility is that fault geometry controls earthquake size. We test this hypothesis using a numerical algorithm that simulates spontaneous rupture propagation in a three-dimensional medium and apply our knowledge to two California fault zones. We find that the size difference between the 1934 and 1966 Parkfield, California, earthquakes may be the product of a stepover at the southern end of the 1934 earthquake and show how the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake followed physically reasonable expectations when it jumped across en echelon faults to become a large event. If there are no linking structures, such as transfer faults, then strike-slip earthquakes are unlikely to propagate through stepover s &gt;5 km wide.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999GL900377","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., and Day, S., 1999, Dynamic 3D simulations of earthquakes on en echelon faults: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, no. 14, p. 2089-2092, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900377.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2089","endPage":"2092","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489113,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl900377","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0422e4b0c8380cd507dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, S.M.","contributorId":41425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021150,"text":"70021150 - 1999 - Observations of turbulence in a partially stratified estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:33:05","indexId":"70021150","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2426,"text":"Journal of Physical Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of turbulence in a partially stratified estuary","docAbstract":"<p>The authors present a field study of estuarine turbulence in which profiles of Reynolds stresses were directly measured using an ADCP throughout a 25-h tidal day. The dataset that is discussed quantifies turbulent mixing for a water column in northern San Francisco Bay that experiences a sequence of states that includes a weak ebb and flood that are stratified, followed by a strong, and eventually unstratified, ebb and flood. These measurements show that energetic turbulence is confined to a bottom mixed layer by the overlying stratification. Examination of individual Reynolds stress profiles along with profiles of Richardson number and turbulent Froude number shows that the water column can be divided into regions based on the relative importance of buoyancy effects.</p><p>Using the measured turbulence production rate<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>the dissipation rate<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ϵ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is estimated. The observed turbulence had values of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ϵ</i>/<i>νN</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>&gt; 20 all of the time and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ϵ</i>/<i>νN</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>&gt; 200 most of the time, suggesting that the observed motions were buoyancy affected turbulence rather than internal waves. However, at times, turbulent Froude numbers in much of the upper-water column were less than one, indicating important stratification effects. Taken as a whole, the data show that stratification affects the turbulent velocity variance<span>&nbsp;</span><i>q</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>most severely; that is, observed reductions in<span>&nbsp;</span>are largely associated with small values of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>q</i><sup>2</sup>rather than with a dramatic reduction in the efficiency with which turbulent motions produce momentum fluxes.</p><p>Finally, the dataset is compared to predictions made using the popular Mellor–Yamada level 2.5 closure. These comparisons show that the model tends to underestimate the turbulent kinetic energy in regions of strong stratification where the turbulence is strongly inhomogeneous and to overestimate the turbulent kinetic energy in weakly stratified regions. The length scale does not appear to compensate for these errors, and, as a result, similar errors are seen in the eddy viscosity predictions. It is hypothesized that the underestimation of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>q</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>is due to an inaccurate parameterization of turbulence self-transport from the near-bed region to the overlying stratification.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AMS","doi":"10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1950:OOTIAP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00223670","usgsCitation":"Stagey, M., Monismith, S., and Burau, J., 1999, Observations of turbulence in a partially stratified estuary: Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 29, no. 8 PART 2, p. 1950-1970, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1950:OOTIAP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1950","endPage":"1970","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1950:ootiap>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8 PART 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ac6e4b0c8380cd7434f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stagey, M.T.","contributorId":72963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagey","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021158,"text":"70021158 - 1999 - Etologia aplicada al manejo de especies amenazadas: el caso del turon de patas negras (Mustela nigripes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-06T12:52:01","indexId":"70021158","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1591,"text":"Etologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Etologia aplicada al manejo de especies amenazadas: el caso del turon de patas negras (Mustela nigripes)","docAbstract":"Los turones de patas negras (Mustela nigripes) son considerados como uno de los mamíferos más amenazados del mundo. La última población silvestre fue\ndescubierta en 1981 en Meeteetse, Wyoming, y en 1985 se extinguió debido a una epidemia de moquillo canino en combinacion con una epidemia de peste bubónica. Antes de su extinción total en la naturaleza, se lograron capturar 18 individuos para comenzar un programa de cría. La cría en cautividad se ha llevado a cabo con éxito y, durante los últimos 11 años han nacido más de 2600 turones en centros de propagación. Desde 1991, aproximadamente 870 turones han sido reintroducidos en 5 áreas de distribución histórica original repartidas entre los estados de Wyoming, Montana, Dakota del Sur, y Arizona. La investigación científica ha sido, y continúa siendo, una herramienta crítica para dirigir el Programa de Recuperación. Los estudios etológicos llevados a cabo tanto con turones cautivos como con turones reintroducidos han demostrado que un entorno cautivo naturalístico, especialmente durante las etapas iniciales del desarrollo de estos carnívoros, ayuda a desarrollar conductas necesarias para la supervivencia en la naturaleza. Dicho entorno ayuda a los turones a refinar sus técnicas de caza, a reconocer las madrigueras de los perritos de la pradera como un refugio donde establecerse y como una vía de escape frente al acoso de depredadores, y a mejorar su forma física. A raíz de estos estudios, se han readaptado las técnicas de manejo de turones cautivos para ayudar a llevar a cabo la recuperación\nde esta especie de un modo más eficaz y rentable.\n\nBlack-footed ferrets are considered one of the world's most endangered mammals. The last wild population was discovered in 1981 in Meteetsee, Wyoming, and, in 1985 it collapsed due to an epizootic of canine distemper in combination with sylvatic plague. Prior to the extinction of the last remnant population, 18 wild black-footed ferrets were captured to initiate captive propagation efforts. Captive breeding has been successful and, during the last 11 years, more than 2600 black-footed ferrets have been born in captive breeding centers. Since 1991, approximately 870 ferrets have been reintroduced in 5 areas located within the ferret's original geographic distribution, including sites in Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and Arizona. Scientific research has been, and continues to be, a critical tool to direct recovery efforts. Studies in applied ethology conducted on captive and reintroduced ferret populations have demonstrated that a naturalistic captive environment, particularly during early developmental periods, enhances the expression of behaviors necessary for survival in nature. Ferrets raised in a naturalistic environment develop better predatory skills, are able to recognize prairie dog burrows as a home and shelter from predators, and are more physically fit. Results from these studies have been adapted into management strategies to help implement a more cost-effective road to black-footed ferret recovery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Etologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Spanish","issn":"11303204","usgsCitation":"Vargas, A., Biggins, D., and Miller, B., 1999, Etologia aplicada al manejo de especies amenazadas: el caso del turon de patas negras (Mustela nigripes): Etologia, no. 7, p. 33-39.","startPage":"33","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bc7e4b0c8380cd5288e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vargas, Astrid","contributorId":42380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vargas","given":"Astrid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, D.","contributorId":53343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, B.","contributorId":80617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015995,"text":"1015995 - 1999 - Clinal variation in the juvenal plumage of American kestrels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:49","indexId":"1015995","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clinal variation in the juvenal plumage of American kestrels","docAbstract":"The American Kestrel(Falco sparverius) is a sexually dichromatic falcon that exhibits\r\nconsiderable individual plumage variability. For example, the anterior extent of the\r\nblack dorsal barring in juvenile males has been used throughout North America as one of\r\nseveral aging criteria, but recent data demonstrate that the variability among individual\r\nSoutheastern American Kestrels(E S. paulus)exceeds that accounted for by age. The objective of this study was to search for geographic patterns in the variability of juvenal plumage, particularly those characteristics considered indicative of age. Nestling kestrels (n = 610)\r\nwere examined prior to fledging during the 1997 breeding season at nest box programs\r\nacross a large portion of the North American breeding range. From south to north (1) the\r\ncrown patches of both males and females become more completely rufous, and (2) shaft\r\nstreaks on forehead and crown feathers become more pronounced, especially in males. Male\r\nSoutheastern American Kestrels differed from other males (E s. sparverius) in that the anterior\r\nextent of dorsal barring averaged less but was more variable. The variability observed\r\nin North America appears to be part of a cline extending across the species range in the\r\nWestern Hemisphere, where tropical subspecies are small and have reduced dorsal barring.\r\nBoth body size and, especially in males, dorsal barring increases with increasing north and\r\nsouth latitude. We suggest that this geographic pattern is adaptive in terms of thermoregulation, and that differences in the sex roles may explain why males become less barred with maturity while females do not.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Smallwood, J., Natale, C., Steenhof, K., Meetz, M., Marti, C., Melvin, R., Bortolotti, G., Robertson, R., Robertson, S., Shuford, W., Lindemann, S., and Tornwall, B., 1999, Clinal variation in the juvenal plumage of American kestrels: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 70, no. 3, p. 425-435.","productDescription":"p. 425-435","startPage":"425","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cfe4b07f02db5da881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smallwood, J.A.","contributorId":13945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smallwood","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Natale, C.","contributorId":49762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natale","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steenhof, K.","contributorId":98696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meetz, M.","contributorId":28215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meetz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marti, C.D.","contributorId":31359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marti","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melvin, R.J.","contributorId":40184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melvin","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bortolotti, G.R.","contributorId":12437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortolotti","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Robertson, R.","contributorId":45279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Robertson, S.","contributorId":34484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shuford, W.R.","contributorId":75499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuford","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lindemann, S.A.","contributorId":21128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindemann","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tornwall, B.","contributorId":77118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornwall","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":1008152,"text":"1008152 - 1999 - Stem demography and postfire recruitment of a resprouting serotinous conifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T13:31:06","indexId":"1008152","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stem demography and postfire recruitment of a resprouting serotinous conifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The contribution of resprouts and seedling recruitment to post-fire regeneration of the South African fynbos conifer </span><i>Widdringtonia nodiflora</i><span> was compared eight months after wildfires in 1990. Stems on all trees were killed by fire but resprouting success was &gt; 90 % at all but one site. A demographic study of burned skeletons revealed that prior to these fires, nearly all plants were multi-stemmed (4–9 stems/plant) and multi-aged, indicating continuous sprout production between fires. All stems were killed by these 1990 fires and at most sites &gt; 90 % of the stems were burned to ground level. All diameter stems were susceptible to such incineration as, at most sites, there was no difference in average diameter of stems burned to ground level and those left standing. Individual genets usually had all ramets incinerated to ground level or all ramets charred, but intact, suggesting certain micro-sites burned hotter, whereas other sites were somewhat protected. Although not true of the 1990 fires, there was evidence that occasionally</span><i>Widdring-tonia</i><span> stems may survive fire. At one site, four of the 16 plants sampled had a burned stem twice as old as the oldest burned stem on the other 12 plants at the site, suggesting some stems had survived the previous fire (ca. 1970) and this conclusion was supported by fire-scars on these four stems that dated to ca. 1970. Based on the highly significant correlation between stem diameter and cone density left standing after the 1990 fires, we calculated that for most sites &gt; 80 % of the initial cone crop was incinerated by fire. This is important because we observed a strong relationship between size of the canopy cone crop surviving fire and post-fire seedling recruitment. Under these conditions we hypothesize that sprouting confers a selective advantage to genets when fires cause heavy losses of seed. The infrequent occurrence of sprouting in the</span><i>Cupressaceae</i><span> suggests the hypothesis that resprouting is an apomorphic or derived trait in</span><i>Widdringtonia.</i><span> Data from this study suggests resprouting provides a selective advantage under severe fynbos fires, which are not only 'stand-replacing fires,’but also are intense enough to incinerate cone-bearing stems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3237162","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Keeley, M.B., and Bond, W.J., 1999, Stem demography and postfire recruitment of a resprouting serotinous conifer: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 10, no. 1, p. 69-76, https://doi.org/10.2307/3237162.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b44ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Melanie B.","contributorId":175077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeley","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, William J.","contributorId":81621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021210,"text":"70021210 - 1999 - Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021210","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California","docAbstract":"The abundance and orientation of trawl marks was quantified over an extensive portion (>2700 km2) of the Eureka, California, outer shelf and slope, an important commercial bottom trawling ground for such high-value species as rockfish, sole, and sablefish. Fishing logbook data indicate that the entire reporting area was trawled about one and a half times on an average annual basis and that some areas were trawled over three times annually. High-resolution sidescan-sonar images of the study area revealed deep gouges on the seafloor, caused by heavy steel trawl doors that act to weigh down and spread open the bottom trawls. These trawl marks are commonly oriented parallel to bathymetric contours and many could be traced for several kilometers. Trawl marks showed a quadratic relationship in relation to water depth, with the greatest number of trawl marks observed at ~400 m. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of trawl marks observed on the sidescan images and the number of annual trawl hours logged within reporting areas. This finding indicates that acoustic remote sensing is a promising independent approach to evaluate fishing effort on a scale consistent with commercial fishing activities. Bottom trawling gear is known to modify seafloor habitats by altering benthic habitat complexity and by removing or damaging infauna and sessile organisms. Identifying the extent of trawling in these areas may help determine the effects of this type of fishing gear on the benthos and develop indices of habitat disturbance caused by fishing activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Friedlander, A.M., Boehlert, G., Field, M., Mason, J., Gardner, J., and Dartnell, P., 1999, Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California: Fishery Bulletin, v. 97, no. 4, p. 786-801.","startPage":"786","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f07e4b08c986b318cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedlander, A. M.","contributorId":38099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boehlert, G.W.","contributorId":68483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehlert","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, J.E.","contributorId":49136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dartnell, P.","contributorId":60797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1003826,"text":"1003826 - 1999 - Identification of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T13:13:58.049297","indexId":"1003826","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-container\" data-ajax=\"false\" data-v-6ffa789c=\"\" data-v-9de00bf0=\"\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-v-6ffa789c=\"\"><p data-v-6ffa789c=\"\">A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for detecting duck plague virus. A 765-bp EcoRI fragment cloned from the genome of the duck plague vaccine (DP-VAC) virus was sequenced for PCR primer development. The fragment sequence was found by GenBank alignment searches to be similar to the 3′ ends of an undefined open reading frame and the gene for DNA polymerase protein in other herpesviruses. Three of four primer sets were found to be specific for the DP-VAC virus and 100% (7/7) of field isolates but did not amplify DNA from inclusion body disease of cranes virus. The specificity of one primer set was tested with genome templates from other avian herpesviruses, including those from a golden eagle, bald eagle, great horned owl, snowy owl, peregrine falcon, prairie falcon, pigeon, psittacine, and chicken (infectious laryngotracheitis), but amplicons were not produced. Hence, this PCR test is highly specific for duck plague virus DNA. Two primer sets were able to detect 1 fg of DNA from the duck plague vaccine strain, equivalent to five genome copies. In addition, the ratio of tissue culture infectious doses to genome copies of duck plague vaccine virus from infected duck embryo cells was determined to be 1:100, making the PCR assay 20 times more sensitive than tissue culture for detecting duck plague virus. The speed, sensitivity, and specificity of this PCR provide a greatly improved diagnostic and research tool for studying the epizootiology of duck plague.&nbsp;</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1592768","usgsCitation":"Hansen, W.R., Brown, S.E., Nashold, S., and Knudson, D., 1999, Identification of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction: Avian Diseases, v. 43, no. 1, p. 106-115, https://doi.org/10.2307/1592768.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, W. R.","contributorId":59378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Sean E.","contributorId":42934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nashold, S.W.","contributorId":87509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nashold","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knudson, D.L.","contributorId":38120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001737,"text":"1001737 - 1999 - Density and fledging success of grassland birds in Conservation Reserve Program fields in North Dakota and west-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T15:53:04.974366","indexId":"1001737","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density and fledging success of grassland birds in Conservation Reserve Program fields in North Dakota and west-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The Conservation Reserve Program, initiated in 1985, was designed primarily to reduce soil erosion and crop surpluses. A secondary benefit was the provision of habitat for wildlife. Grassland bird populations, many of which declined in the decades prior to the Conservation Reserve Program, may have benefited from the Conservation Reserve Program if reproduction in this newly available habitat has been at least as high as it would have been in the absence of the Conservation Reserve Program. On study areas in North Dakota and Minnesota, I examined breeding densities and fledging success of grassland birds in Conservation Reserve Program fields and in an alternative habitat of similar structure, idle grassland fields on federal Waterfowl Production Areas. Fields were 10 to 25 hectares in size. The avifaunas of these two habitats were similar, although brush-dependent species were more abundant on Waterfowl Protection Areas. The common species in these habitats included ones whose continental populations have declined, such as Grasshopper Sparrow (<i>Ammodramus savannarum</i>), Savannah Sparrow (<i>Passerculus sandwichensis</i>), and Bobolink (<i>Dolichonyx oryzivorus</i>). These ground-nesting species were pooled with other ground nesters in an analysis of fledging success, which revealed no significant differences between habitats, between states, or among years (1991-1993). Predation was the primary cause of nest failure. I concluded that Conservation Reserve Program fields in this region were suitable breeding habitat for several species whose populations had declined prior to the Conservation Reserve Program era. This habitat appeared to be as secure for nests of ground-nesting birds as another suitable habitat in North Dakota and Minnesota.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Koford, R.R., 1999, Density and fledging success of grassland birds in Conservation Reserve Program fields in North Dakota and west-central Minnesota: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 19, p. 187-195.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/139580"},{"id":134001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","county":"Pope County, Stevens County, Stutsman County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-95.1388,45.7602],[-95.1384,45.5864],[-95.1319,45.5856],[-95.1322,45.4128],[-95.2549,45.4122],[-95.7451,45.4122],[-96.1185,45.4133],[-96.2412,45.4136],[-96.2425,45.5864],[-96.2535,45.5862],[-96.2542,45.7609],[-95.7595,45.76],[-95.1388,45.7602]]],[[[-99.2669,47.3268],[-98.8466,47.327],[-98.8392,47.327],[-98.8232,47.3272],[-98.8152,47.3271],[-98.4991,47.327],[-98.467,47.3266],[-98.4677,47.2402],[-98.4685,46.9788],[-98.4412,46.9789],[-98.4396,46.6296],[-98.7894,46.6294],[-99.0379,46.6309],[-99.1616,46.6317],[-99.4122,46.6316],[-99.4498,46.6319],[-99.4477,46.8044],[-99.4476,46.9788],[-99.4821,46.9795],[-99.4824,47.0089],[-99.4822,47.0162],[-99.4821,47.0249],[-99.4826,47.0396],[-99.4827,47.1558],[-99.4801,47.3267],[-99.2669,47.3268]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pope\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66eb6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koford, Rolf R.","contributorId":16347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koford","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001658,"text":"1001658 - 1999 - Twenty-year home-range dynamics of a white-tailed deer matriline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:27:29","indexId":"1001658","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twenty-year home-range dynamics of a white-tailed deer matriline","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined the seasonal migration and home-range dynamics of a multigeneration white-tailed deer (</span><i>Odocoileus</i> <i>virginianus</i><span>) matriline comprising six females from four generations spanning a 20-year period in northeastern Minnesota. All, from the matriarch to her great-granddaughter, migrated to the same summer and winter ranges, the longest individual record being 14.5 years. Three maternal females concurrently occupied exclusive fawning sites within their ancestral matriarch's summer range, while two nonmaternal females explored new areas and ranged near their mothers. One great-granddaughter expanded her summer range 1 km beyond the matriarch's summer range while essentially vacating half of her ancestors' range and becoming nonmigratory the last 4 years of her life. These data indicate that individual movements of matriline members can potentially expand their ranges beyond the areas occupied by their ancestors through a slow process of small incremental changes. This suggests that the rapid extension of deer range in eastern North America resulted from natal dispersal by yearling deer rather than from the type of home-range expansion reported here.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z99-085","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M.E., and Mech, L.D., 1999, Twenty-year home-range dynamics of a white-tailed deer matriline: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 77, no. 7, p. 1128-1135, https://doi.org/10.1139/z99-085.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1128","endPage":"1135","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001100,"text":"1001100 - 1999 - The insignificance of statistical significance testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:14:44","indexId":"1001100","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The insignificance of statistical significance testing","docAbstract":"<p>Despite their use in scientific journals such as <i>The Journal of Wildlife Management</i>, statistical hypothesis tests add very little value to the products of research. Indeed, they frequently confuse the interpretation of data. This paper describes how statistical hypothesis tests are often viewed, and then contrasts that interpretation with the correct one. I discuss the arbitrariness of P-values, conclusions that the null hypothesis is true, power analysis, and distinctions between statistical and biological significance. Statistical hypothesis testing, in which the null hypothesis about the properties of a population is almost always known <i>a priori</i> to be false, is contrasted with scientific hypothesis testing, which examines a credible null hypothesis about phenomena in nature. More meaningful alternatives are briefly outlined, including estimation and confidence intervals for determining the importance of factors, decision theory for guiding actions in the face of uncertainty, and Bayesian approaches to hypothesis testing and other statistical practices.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Soceity","doi":"10.2307/3802789","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1999, The insignificance of statistical significance testing: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 3, p. 763-772, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802789.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"772","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a47e4b07f02db6224ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022064,"text":"70022064 - 1999 - Distribution of trace elements in streambed sediment associated with mining activities in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, USA, 1995-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022064","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of trace elements in streambed sediment associated with mining activities in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, USA, 1995-96","docAbstract":"Streambed-sediment samples were collected in the Southern Rocky Mountains physiographic province in the Upper Colorado River Basin in Colorado to characterize the occurrence and distribution of trace elements in mined and nonmined areas of the basin. During October 1995 and September 1996, streambed sediment was collected at 37 sites, and the samples were analyzed for trace elements. The ranges in concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn at mining sites generally were orders of magnitude higher than the ranges of concentrations at nonmining sites. Sampling sites located in two predominant rock types in mining areas were not significantly different (p > 0.05) for concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn. Cu was significantly different (p < 0.05) between sites in the two predominant rock types. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between main-stem sites and tributary sites. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn exceeded established guidelines for adverse effects on aquatic biota at some sites in the study area. The patterns in concentrations of Cd and Zn, Cd and Pb, and Pb and Zn were highly correlated to one another in this study. Concentrations of trace elements in the <63-??m fraction were higher than in the total particle-size fraction analysis. Comparison of reference sites to sites affected by a mine source indicated that trace- element concentrations initially increased downstream of the source and then gradually decreased in concentration with distance from the source.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002449900484","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Deacon, J.R., and Driver, N.E., 1999, Distribution of trace elements in streambed sediment associated with mining activities in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, USA, 1995-96: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 37, no. 1, p. 7-18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900484.","startPage":"7","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900484"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a030ce4b0c8380cd50308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deacon, J. R.","contributorId":67110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driver, N. E.","contributorId":63398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001001,"text":"1001001 - 1999 - Vateritic sagitta in wild and stocked lake trout: Applicability to stock origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:40:31","indexId":"1001001","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vateritic sagitta in wild and stocked lake trout: Applicability to stock origin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aragonite is the normal form of calcium carbonate found in teleost otoliths, but it is sometimes replaced by vaterite, an alternate crystalline structure. We investigated the assumption that sagittal otoliths with vaterite replacement were unique to stocked lake trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>&nbsp;in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Earlier studies had attributed these abnormalities to stocking stress, and proposed that the presence of vaterite could separate individual unmarked stocked lake trout from their wild counterparts. We examined and described the frequency of vateritic sagittae in two wild and three stocked populations of lake trout from the Great Lakes and a wild population from a remote inland lake in northern Canada. Among lake trout caught 2&ndash;12 years after being stocked, prevalence of vateritic sagittae was 66% for Lake Superior fish, 75% for Lake Huron fish, and 86% for Lake Ontario fish. Among wild fish caught, vateritic sagittae were present in 37% of Lake Superior fish, 22% of Lake Huron fish, and 49% of northern Canada fish. We also compared year-to-year differences in prevalence in four year-classes of fingerling lake trout reared in two U.S. national lake trout hatcheries. Prior to release, between 53 and 84% of the hatchery fish had at least one vateritic sagitta, and prevalence increased with handling associated with hatchery practices. Vateritic sagittae in wild fish might also indicate stress in nature. The presence of vateritic sagittae in both wild and stocked fish compromises the use of this characteristic as an unequivocal indicator of a particular fish's origin. Among-population differences in both the prevalence and the extent of vaterite replacement, however, may provide a means of differentiating between stocks of sympatric unmarked wild and stocked lake trout.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0929:VSIWAS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bowen, C.A., Bronte, C.R., Argyle, R.L., Adams, J.V., and Johnson, J.E., 1999, Vateritic sagitta in wild and stocked lake trout: Applicability to stock origin: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 929-938, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0929:VSIWAS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"929","endPage":"938","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60274d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Charles A. II","contributorId":30940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Argyle, Ray L.","contributorId":9993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, James E.","contributorId":45668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022023,"text":"70022023 - 1999 - NEOCHIM: An electrochemical method for environmental application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022023","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NEOCHIM: An electrochemical method for environmental application","docAbstract":"Ion migration and electroosmosis are the principal processes underlying electrokinetic remediation of hazardous wastes from soils. These processes are a response of charged species to an applied electrical current and they are accompanied by electrolysis of water at the electrodes through which the current is applied. Electrolysis results in the formation of OH- at the cathode and H+ at the anode. The current drives the OH- and H+ thus formed from the electrodes, through the soil and to the electrode of opposite charge. Introduction of OH- and H+ into the soil being treated modifies soil chemistry and can interfere with either the collection or immobilization of hazardous waste ions. The introduction of either OH- or H+ to the soil can be problematic to electrokinetic remediation but the problem caused by OH- has been the focus of most researchers. The problem has been addressed by flushing the OH- from the soil near the cathode or treating the soil with buffers. These treatments would apply as well to soils affected by H+. With the NEOCHIM technology, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for use as a sampling technique in exploration for buried ore deposits, OH- and H+ are retained in the inner compartment of two-compartment electrodes and are thus prevented from reaching the soil. This enables the extraction of cations and anions, including anionic forms of toxic metals such as HAsO42-. One of the principal attributes of NEOCHIM is the large volume of soil from which ions can be extracted. It is mathematically demonstrable that NEOCHIM extraction volumes can be orders of magnitude greater than volumes typically sampled in more conventional geochemical exploration methods or for environmental sampling. The technology may also be used to introduce selected ions into the soil that affect the solubility of ceratin ions present in the soil. Although field tests for mineral exploration have shown NEOCHIM extraction efficiencies of about 25-35%, laboratory experiments suggest that significantly higher efficiencies are possible. The attributes of NEOCHIM combined with relatively low cost of electrical power, indicate that the technology may be useful for remediation and monitoring of hazardous waste sites. Of particular importance is that NEOCHIM extractions affect only dissolved and electrically charged species, hence those prone to move in groundwater.The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a technology called NEOCHIM for use as a sampling technique in exploration for buried deposits. With this technology, OH- and H+ are retained in the inner compartment of two-compartment electrodes and are thus prevented from reaching the soil. This enables the extraction of cations and anions. Laboratory experiments suggest extraction efficiencies higher than 25-35%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry ISEG. Pt 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"5 October 1997 through 10 October 1997","conferenceLocation":"Vail, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00046-6","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Leinz, R.W., Hoover, D., and Meier, A.L., 1999, NEOCHIM: An electrochemical method for environmental application: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 64, no. 1-3 -3 pt 1, p. 421-434, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00046-6.","startPage":"421","endPage":"434","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206781,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00046-6"},{"id":230771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1-3 -3 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a613fe4b0c8380cd7188b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leinz, R. W.","contributorId":89885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leinz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoover, D.B.","contributorId":37734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022022,"text":"70022022 - 1999 - Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022022","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3157,"text":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois","docAbstract":"In 1998, a prototype 300 kHz, side-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was deployed in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) at Romeoville, Illinois. Additionally, two upward-looking ADCP's were deployed in the same acoustic path as the side-looking ADCP and in the reach defined by the upstream and downstream acoustic velocity meter (AVM) paths. All three ADCP's were synchronized to the AVM clock at the gaging station so that data were sampled simultaneously. The three ADCP's were deployed for six weeks measuring flow velocities from 0.0 to 2.5 ft/s. Velocities measured by each ADCP were compared to AVM path velocities and to velocities measured by the other ADCP's.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceDate":"11 March 1999 through 13 March 1999","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K.A., and Duncker, J.J., 1999, Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois: Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement.","startPage":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5321e4b0c8380cd6c8c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncker, James J. 0000-0001-5464-7991 jduncker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-7991","contributorId":4316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James","email":"jduncker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022019,"text":"70022019 - 1999 - Environmental geology: Our professional public responsibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022019","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geology: Our professional public responsibility","docAbstract":"Conflicts between different interest groups for use of natural resources is one area where state geological surveys can provide assistance. A state geological survey working within the scientific constraints of specific issues can remain objective in its presentations and maintain the faith of both the conflicting interest groups and the public. One cannot vary from the objective view or you will quickly be criticized. Criticism can still occur from one side of a natural resource issue as your data might counter their views. However, the final decisions are almost always made in some legislators, or regulators, area of responsibility. The responsibility of the state geological survey is to provide the important data that will assist in making correct decisions. Should one party in the conflict become extreme in their demands, a potential compromise that is beneficial to both sides can be lost. In Kansas, the classical natural resource problem of resource/recreation in a populated area is presented as a case study. The state geological survey presented data on sand resources in the Kansas River and its valley in northeast Kansas. That information was important to both recreation and dredging interests where the political problem is a conflict of sand use as a construction material resource versus use of the alluvial river as an important recreation area, especially for canoeing. However, when a reasonable compromise was near completion in the Kansas Legislature one side, in a bold move to develop an advantage, ruined that potential for compromise.Conflicts between different interest groups for use of natural resources is one area where state geological surveys can provide assistance. A state geological survey working within the scientific constraints of specific issues can remain objective in its presentations and maintain the faith of both the conflicting interest groups and the public. In Kansas, the classical natural resource problem of resource/recreation in a populated area is presented as a case study. The state geological survey presented data on sand resources in the Kansas River and its valley in northeast Kansas. That information was important to both recreation and dredging interests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag GmbH & Company KG","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s002540050353","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gerhard, L.C., and Brady, L.L., 1999, Environmental geology: Our professional public responsibility: Environmental Geology, v. 37, no. 1-2, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050353.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050353"},{"id":230692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09cbe4b0c8380cd52082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhard, L. C.","contributorId":30767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerhard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, L. L.","contributorId":33711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}