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,{"id":33241,"text":"b2041 - 1992 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T19:48:48.871928","indexId":"b2041","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2041","title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991","docAbstract":"<p>This collection of twenty-one papers continues the annual series of U.S. Geological Survey reports on the geology of Alaska. These contributions, which include full-length Articles and shorter Geologic Notes, are grouped under two broad headings: Mineral Resource Studies (ten papers) and Geologic Framework Studies (eleven papers). Reports on mineral resources discuss exploration geochemistry in the Howard Pass quadrangle, lditarod quadrangle, and Admiralty Island, a mineral resource appraisal of the Bethel quadrangle, a fluid-inclusion study in the Nome Gold District, geochemistry of lode-gold deposits in the Seldovia quadrangle, a new occurrence of placer gold in the Seldovia quadrangle, gold in coal in the Healy quadrangle, experimental abrasion of detrital gold, and a new occurrence of rareearth minerals in southeastern Alaska. Under the heading of Geologic Framework Studies are reports on sedimentology and (or) stratigraphy in the Seldovia, Lime Hills, and Medfra quadrangles, the Kandik region, and the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska. Other papers report on the isotope geochemistry of veins and thermal maturity of the Kandik region, metamorphism and deformation of the Yukon-Tanana and Taylor Mountain terranes in eastcentral Alaska, magnetic susceptibilities of plutonic rocks in southeastern Alaska, terrane nomenclature in northern Alaska, and uplift of Mt. McKinley. These studies span nearly the entire State from the North Slope and Brooks Range to interior, western, southwestern, southcentral, and southeastern Alaska (fig. 1 ).</p><p>Two bibliographies on Alaskan geology at the end of the volume list ( 1) reports about Alaska in USGS publications released in 1991, and (2) reports about Alaska by USGS authors in publications outside the USGS in 1991.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b2041","usgsCitation":"1992, Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2041, vi, 256 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2041.","productDescription":"vi, 256 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":481306,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22299.htm","text":"Cenozoic uplift history of the Mount McKinley area in the central Alaska Range based on fission-track dating","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481307,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22300.htm","text":"Comparison of the effectiveness of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, aquatic-moss, and stream-water geochemical sample media for the mineral assessment study of the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481308,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22301.htm","text":"Fluid-inclusion study of the Rock Creek area, Nome mining district, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481309,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22302.htm","text":"Geochemically anomalous areas in the west-central part of the Howard Pass quadrangle, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska: evidence for sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag-Ba mineralization","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481310,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22303.htm","text":"Geochemistry of lode-gold deposits, Nuka Bay district, southern Kenai Peninsula","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481311,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22304.htm","text":"High-pressure amphibolite-facies metamorphism and deformation within the Yukon-Tanana and Taylor Mountain terranes, eastern Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481312,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22305.htm","text":"Isotopic variations in calcite veins from the Kandik region of east-central Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481313,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22306.htm","text":"Placer gold in the Kenai lowland","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481314,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22307.htm","text":"Summary of results of the mineral resource assessment of the Bethel and southeastern part of the Russian Mission 1 degree by 3 degree quadrangle, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481315,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22308.htm","text":"Upper Devonian shallow-marine siliciclastic strata and associated fauna and flora, Lime Hills D-4 quadrangle, southwest Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":402790,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22298.htm","text":"A followup geochemical survey of base-metal anomalies in the Ward Creek/Windfall Harbor and Gambier Bay areas, Admiralty Island, southeast Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":38451,"text":"pp1408F - 1992 - Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13718,"text":"ofr87237 - 1989 - Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","indexId":"ofr87237","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38451,"text":"pp1408F - 1992 - Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","indexId":"pp1408F","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T15:50:45","indexId":"pp1408F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1408","chapter":"F","title":"Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"The occurrence and movement of water in the regional aquifer \nsystem that underlies the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, de- \npend on the transmissivity and storage capacity of rocks that \ncompose the geologic framework and on the distribution and \namount of recharge and discharge of water within that frame- \nwork. On a regional scale, most water moves horizontally through \ninterflow zones in Quaternary basalt of the Snake River Group. \nIn recharge and discharge areas, water also moves vertically \nalong joints and interfingering edges of basalt flows. Aquifer \nthickness is largely unknown, but geophysical studies suggest \nthat locally the Quaternary basalt may exceed several thousand \nfeet. Along the margins of the plain, sand and gravel several \nhundred feet thick transmit large volumes of water.\nRegional ground-water movement is generally from northeast \nto southwest, from areas of recharge to areas of discharge. Re- \ncharge is from seepage of surface water used for irrigation, \nstream and canal losses, underflow from tributary drainage ba- \nsins, and infiltration of precipitation. Aquifer discharge is largely \nspring flow to the Snake River and water pumped for irrigation. \nMajor springs are near American Falls Reservoir and along the \nSnake River from Milner Dam to King Hill.\nRegional ground-water flow was simulated with numerical \nmodels. Initially, a two-dimensional steady-state model that in- \ncluded a nonlinear, least-squares regression technique was used \nto estimate aquifer properties. Later, a three-dimensional steady- \nstate and transient model was used to replace the two-dimen- \nsional model. Three-dimensional model results indicated that \naverage total transmissivity ranged from about 0.05 to 120 feet \nsquared per second and vertical leakance ranged from about \n3 x 10<sup>-10</sup> to 5 x 10<sup>-6</sup> feet per second per foot of aquifer thickness.\nThe three-dimensional transient model was used to compare \nmeasured and estimated long-term changes in ground-water dis- \ncharge and water levels with simulated values. Initial head con- \nditions used in transient simulations were derived from a \nsteady-state solution of estimated preirrigation hydrologic condi- \ntions. Transient simulations were 5-year stress periods beginning \nin 1891 and ending in 1980. Recharge for each stress period from \n1926 to 1980 was estimated from surface-water irrigation, pre- \ncipitation, and streamflow records. Recharge for stress periods \nfrom 1891 to 1925 was based on the average value for stress peri- \nods from 1926 to 1980 and was indexed to estimated irrigated \nacreages. Average annual tributary drainage-basin underflow for \nstress periods from 1891 to 1910 was calculated by using basin- \nyield equations. Underflow for stress periods from 1911 to 1980 \nwas varied by use of streamflow records.\nTransient simulations reasonably approximated measured \nchanges in aquifer head and ground-water discharge that re- \nsulted from use of surface water for irrigation. Irrigation with \nsurface water peaked in about 1950; subsequent increases in irri- \ngation have been supplied largely by ground water. The three-\ndimensional model simulated water-level declines and reduced \nground-water discharge caused in part by increases in ground- \nwater pumping.\nThe transient model was used to simulate aquifer changes \nfrom 1981 to 2010 in response to three hypothetical development \nalternatives: (1) Continuation of 1980 hydrologic conditions, (2) \nincreased pumpage, and (3) increased recharge. Simulation of \ncontinued 1980 hydrologic conditions for 30 years indicated that \nhead declines of 2 to 8 feet might be expected in the central part \nof the plain. The magnitude of simulated head declines was con- \nsistent with head declines measured during the 1980 water year. \nLarger declines were calculated along model boundaries, but \nthese changes may have resulted from underestimation of tribu- \ntary drainage-basin underflow and inadequate aquifer definition. \nSimulation of increased ground-water pumpage (an additional \n2,400 cubic feet per second) for 30 years indicated head declines \nof 10 to 50 feet in the central part of the plain. These relatively \nlarge head declines were accompanied by increased simulated \nriver leakage of 50 percent and decreased spring discharge of 20 \npercent. The effect of increased recharge (800 cubic feet per sec- \nond) for 30 years was a rise in simulated heads of 0 to 5 feet in \nthe central part of the plain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1408F","usgsCitation":"Garabedian, S., 1992, Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1408, Report: vii, 102 p.; 10 Plates: 34.00 x 17.50 and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1408F.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 102 p.; 10 Plates: 34.00 x 17.50 and smaller","numberOfPages":"112","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":104633,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4858.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4858"},{"id":119227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64931,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64932,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64933,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64934,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64935,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64936,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64937,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64938,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64939,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64940,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,42.0 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -117.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e90a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":42060,"text":"ofr92102 - 1992 - Potentiometric surface of the surficial aquifer system, deep zone in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T19:15:14.774028","indexId":"ofr92102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-102","title":"Potentiometric surface of the surficial aquifer system, deep zone in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92102","usgsCitation":"Kane, R.L., 1992, Potentiometric surface of the surficial aquifer system, deep zone in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-102, 1 Plate: 17.53 × 25.78 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92102.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 17.53 × 25.78 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389981,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18234.htm"},{"id":79810,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0102/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Palm Beach County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.485,\n              26.3330\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              26.3330\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              26.971\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.485,\n              26.971\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.485,\n              26.3330\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db6828ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Richard L. rkane@usgs.gov","contributorId":2034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Richard","email":"rkane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":225889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20671,"text":"ofr92448 - 1992 - Inventory of metal mines and occurrence associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States; II, occurrence descriptions and summary tables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr92448","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-448","title":"Inventory of metal mines and occurrence associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States; II, occurrence descriptions and summary tables","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92448","usgsCitation":"Robinson, and Sears, C., 1992, Inventory of metal mines and occurrence associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States; II, occurrence descriptions and summary tables: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-448, 190 p.  ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92448.","productDescription":"190 p.  ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0448/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0448/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c6e4b07f02db540002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":8479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sears, C.M.","contributorId":36944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":68111,"text":"ha730J - 1992 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 9, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":68111,"text":"ha730J - 1992 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 9, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","indexId":"ha730J","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 9, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:55:08","indexId":"ha730J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"730","chapter":"J","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 9, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Segment 9, which consists of Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Michigan, abuts the Canadian border in the upper Midwest and lies adjacent to or surrounds four of the Great Lakes-Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie. Thousands of small to large lakes similar to the one shown in figure 1 dot the landscape, which is drained by numerous rivers and streams tributary primarily to the Mississippi River in the west and to the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River system in the east. These abundant surface-water sources represent an ample supply of water to large users, such as the cities of Milwaukee, Wis., and Detroit, Mich. However, water stored in unconsolidated and consolidated sedimentary-rock aquifers that underlie the four States also is in abundant supply and is an economical source that can be used for nearly any purpose, usually with little or no treatment. In more than 95 percent of the four-State area, these aquifers supply water to a broad spectrum of consumers-from individual households to cities, such as St. Paul, Minn., Madison, Wis., and Lansing, Mich. These aquifers are the subject of this chapter. The geology and the hydrology of each of the principal aquifers are illustrated and discussed insofar as information was available from the literature. Hydrogeology, ground-water flow, availability and quality of water, and freshwater withdrawals from each of the aquifers are the principal subjects of discussion. </p><p>Population in the four States is concentrated in the cities and is thinly dispersed in the broad agricultural areas of the States (fig. 2). Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn., Des Moines, Iowa, Milwaukee and Madison, Wis., and Detroit and Lansing, Mich., are a few of the principal cities. Many of these cities and other large population centers represent areas of concentrated ground-water withdrawals. </p><p>Precipitation is the source of all water in Segment 9. Average annual precipitation ranges from about 20 to 40 inches across the segment and generally increases from northwest to southeast (fig. 3). Precipitation is least in the northwestern part of the segment because of the orographic effect of the Rocky Mountains, which are hundreds of miles to the west. Annual precipitation in excess of 36 inches that falls south and east of Lakes Superior and Michigan (fig. 3) is a result of the prevailing westerly winds that evaporate moisture from the lakes; this moisture subsequently condenses and falls as precipitation over the land. </p><p>Average annual runoff in rivers and streams (fig. 4) generally reflects average annual precipitation patterns (fig. 3). Runoff generally increases from less than 1 to more than 20 inches. Runoff also tends to be substantial downwind from Lakes Superior and Michigan. However, in no part of the segment does runoff exceed precipitation. Much of the water from precipitation is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration-evaporation from the land and water surfaces, and transpiration by plants. Some of the water is stored in aquifers through ground-water recharge or is stored on the land surface in lakes, marshes, and reservoirs. Runoff represents water from precipitation that runs directly off the land surface to streams and water discharged to streams that was stored in lakes, marshes, reservoirs, or aquifers.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha730J","isbn":"0607767588","usgsCitation":"Olcott, P.G., 1992, Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 9, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 730, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha730J.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"J1","endPage":"J31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11487,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/ha730/ch_j/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/730j/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"69.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":186516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/730j/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.161159,42.106372],[-90.172765,41.866149],[-90.364128,41.579633],[-91.050328,41.400049],[-91.113648,41.241401],[-90.955201,40.986805],[-91.448441,40.378914],[-91.785916,40.611488],[-95.746443,40.584935],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.929889,41.415155],[-96.096186,41.547192],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.448134,43.104452],[-96.598396,43.495074],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.789572,46.639079],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.398478,46.575832],[-88.982483,46.99883],[-88.400224,47.379551],[-87.816958,47.471998],[-87.730804,47.449112],[-88.349952,47.076377],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.167373,46.9588],[-87.915943,46.909508],[-87.619747,46.79821],[-87.366767,46.507303],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.188024,46.654008],[-84.964652,46.772845],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-83.931175,46.017871],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.49484,45.999541],[-84.345451,45.946569],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.820557,45.868293],[-85.047028,46.020603],[-85.528403,46.087121],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.532989,45.882665],[-86.92106,45.697868],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.428144,44.890738],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-90.640927,42.508302]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.447236,48.182916],[-89.022736,47.858532],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-83.880387,41.720089],[-86.824828,41.76024],[-86.24971,42.480212],[-86.226305,42.988284],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.25395,44.64808],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.641652,44.810816],[-85.520205,44.960347],[-85.477423,44.813781],[-85.355478,45.282774],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.110884,45.526285],[-84.94565,45.708621],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.204218,45.627116],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.316118,45.141958],[-83.435822,45.000012],[-83.277213,44.7167],[-83.335248,44.357995],[-83.890145,43.934672],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.618602,43.628891],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-82.915976,44.070503],[-82.617955,43.768596],[-82.423086,42.988728],[-82.509935,42.637294],[-82.648776,42.550401],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.780817,42.652232],[-83.431103,41.757457],[-83.880387,41.720089]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olcott, Perry G.","contributorId":17249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olcott","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20633,"text":"ofr91490 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20633,"text":"ofr91490 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia","indexId":"ofr91490","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2590,"text":"wsp2401 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia","indexId":"wsp2401","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2590,"text":"wsp2401 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia","indexId":"wsp2401","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:23:53.762058","indexId":"ofr91490","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-490","title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr91490","usgsCitation":"Richardson, D.L., 1992, Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-490, Report: viii, 118 p.; 1 Plate: 36.07 x 29.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91490.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 118 p.; 1 Plate: 36.07 x 29.33 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0490/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382990,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0490/Plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0490/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Shore","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.13525390624999,\n              36.923547681089296\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3662109375,\n              36.923547681089296\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3662109375,\n              37.98750437106374\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13525390624999,\n              37.98750437106374\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13525390624999,\n              36.923547681089296\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, Donna L.","contributorId":54572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":65115,"text":"i1942 - 1992 - Geologic map and fold- and thrust-belt interpretation of the southeastern part of the Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T20:50:40.114424","indexId":"i1942","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1942","title":"Geologic map and fold- and thrust-belt interpretation of the southeastern part of the Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1942","usgsCitation":"Dover, J.H., 1992, Geologic map and fold- and thrust-belt interpretation of the southeastern part of the Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1942, Report: 14 p.; 2 Plates: 48.50 × 39.00 inches and 32.00 × 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1942.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 2 Plates: 48.50 × 39.00 inches and 32.00 × 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107195,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10016.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10016"},{"id":91472,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91471,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":189744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":100819,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Charley River quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -142.5,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              65.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.5,\n              65.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.5,\n              65\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a498d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, J. H.","contributorId":75545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":61372,"text":"mf1994C - 1992 - Cross sections of Lower Ordovician carbonate depositional lithofacies and Mississippi Valley-type zinc-and iron-sulfide mineralization in the Caufield district, east-central part of Harrison 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Arkansas and Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:29:05","indexId":"mf1994C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1994","chapter":"C","title":"Cross sections of Lower Ordovician carbonate depositional lithofacies and Mississippi Valley-type zinc-and iron-sulfide mineralization in the Caufield district, east-central part of Harrison 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Arkansas and Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the Harrison 1&deg;&nbsp;X 2&deg; CUSMAP study, we examined eight drill cores from the Caulfield district (see index map) in south-central Missouri. This report presents the results of the core study and cross sections and correlation diagrams compiled from the core data (cross sections A-A' and B-B' and correlation diagrams A-A' and B-B').</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1994C","isbn":"0607818859","usgsCitation":"Hayes, T.S., Palmer, J.R., and Krizanich, G., 1992, Cross sections of Lower Ordovician carbonate depositional lithofacies and Mississippi Valley-type zinc-and iron-sulfide mineralization in the Caufield district, east-central part of Harrison 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Arkansas and Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1994, Report: 15 p.;  Plate: 54.45 x 41.68 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1994C.","productDescription":"Report: 15 p.;  Plate: 54.45 x 41.68 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1994C.jpg"},{"id":105162,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5582.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5582"},{"id":310209,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1994-C/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310210,"rank":702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1994-C/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"60000","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.16666666666667,36.06666666666667 ], [ -92.16666666666667,36.617222222222225 ], [ -92,36.617222222222225 ], [ -92,36.06666666666667 ], [ -92.16666666666667,36.06666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db49672e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Timothy S. thayes@usgs.gov","contributorId":1547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy","email":"thayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, James R.","contributorId":46625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krizanich, Gary","contributorId":73703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krizanich","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":35932,"text":"b1921 - 1992 - Text and References To Accompany \"Map Showing the Thickness and Character of Quaternary Sediments in the Glaciated United States East of the Rocky Mountains\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"b1921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1921","title":"Text and References To Accompany \"Map Showing the Thickness and Character of Quaternary Sediments in the Glaciated United States East of the Rocky Mountains\"","docAbstract":"A 1:1,000,000-scale map of Quaternary deposits has been compiled for the glaciated area of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains (that is, the area covered by the Laurentide ice sheets). Parts of southern Ontario, areas beneath the Great Lakes, and parts of the submerged eastern seaboard are also included on the map. The map has three components that, together, provide the first regional three-dimensional view of these deposits. These map components are the surface distribution of Quaternary sediments, the total thickness of Quaternary sediments, and the distribution of significant buried Quaternary units. For many areas, this is the first map of Quaternary sediment thickness published at any scale. This report provides supporting information for the map, preliminary interpretations of sediment distribution, and the list of geologic sources used to generate the map.\r\n\r\nWithin the mapped area, there is a particular need for three-dimensional geologic mapping to support decisions on water resources and land use. Approximately 40 percent of the U.S. population resides within the mapped area, which is less than one-quarter the size of the conterminous United States. This map is intended to supplement the more detailed mapping on which it is based and is designed to be a regional planning tool.\r\n\r\nThrough the Pleistocene, large deposits of thick glacial sediment accumulated between certain late Wisconsinan glacial lobes, on bedrock topographic highs, whereas relatively thin deposits generally accumulated in the adjacent bedrock lowlands occupied by drainage and ice lobes. The lithology of the bedrock and its resistance to erosion in part controlled the patterns of ice lobation and the distribution of thick sediment. On a local scale, the spatial relation of these sediment masses to ice lobation has been suggested in places, and a regional correlation may have been assumed. This map provides the first comprehensive, regional view of glacial sediment thickness to permit such a correlation to be assessed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/b1921","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1992, Text and References To Accompany \"Map Showing the Thickness and Character of Quaternary Sediments in the Glaciated United States East of the Rocky Mountains\": U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1921, v, 76 p. + figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1921.","productDescription":"v, 76 p. + figures","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10887,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1921/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":252050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1921/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,36 ], [ -114,50 ], [ -66,50 ], [ -66,36 ], [ -114,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":215464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25894,"text":"wri924118 - 1992 - Discharge ratings for tainter and roller gates at lock and dam No. 25 on the Mississippi River near Winfield, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T10:44:45","indexId":"wri924118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4118","title":"Discharge ratings for tainter and roller gates at lock and dam No. 25 on the Mississippi River near Winfield, Missouri","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri924118","usgsCitation":"Alexander, T., 1992, Discharge ratings for tainter and roller gates at lock and dam No. 25 on the Mississippi River near Winfield, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4118, vi, 20 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924118.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54655,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Lincoln","city":"Winfield","otherGeospatial":"About 1/4 mi east of Winfield, MO","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.69385528564453,\n              39.00187684539803\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.69385528564453,\n              39.00654577557489\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.6789207458496,\n              39.00654577557489\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.6789207458496,\n              39.00187684539803\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.69385528564453,\n              39.00187684539803\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, T.W.","contributorId":9680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26029,"text":"wri914033 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and ground-water chemistry of the San Andres-Glorieta aquifer in the Acoma embayment and eastern Zuni uplift, west-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T21:52:14.080068","indexId":"wri914033","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4033","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water chemistry of the San Andres-Glorieta aquifer in the Acoma embayment and eastern Zuni uplift, west-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914033","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, J.A., and Anderholm, S., 1992, Hydrogeology and ground-water chemistry of the San Andres-Glorieta aquifer in the Acoma embayment and eastern Zuni uplift, west-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4033, Report: ix, 304 p.; 2 Plates: 23.30 x 23.88 inches and 22.54 x 23.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914033.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 304 p.; 2 Plates: 23.30 x 23.88 inches and 22.54 x 23.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54809,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54808,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414061,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47469.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Andres-Glorieta aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.1578,\n              35.3908\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.1578,\n              34.9581\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.75,\n              34.9581\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.75,\n              35.3908\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.1578,\n              35.3908\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db62624a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, J. A.","contributorId":50941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":59560,"text":"mf1996D - 1992 - Map, tables, and summary of fossil and isotopic age data, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:30:40","indexId":"mf1996D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1996","chapter":"D","title":"Map, tables, and summary of fossil and isotopic age data, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska range, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes, summarizes, and interprets all known bedrock fossil and isotopic age studies for the Mount Hayes quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska. The accompanying map shows the location of all known bedrock fossil and isotopic sample localities in the quadrangle on a generalized geologic base map. These fossil and isotopic age data are obtained from new studies, unpublished data of the U.S. Geological Survey, contributed unpublished data, and published data. This report is one result of a five-year mineral resource assessment of the quadrangle that was done during the summers of 1978 through 1982, with additional topical studiesin 1985 and 1986. This report is one part of a folio on the geological, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral-resource assessment studies of the quadrangle prepared as part of the Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP) of the U.S. Geological Survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1996D","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., Dutro, J.T., Lanphere, M.A., Silberling, N.J., Silva, S., Smith, T.E., and Turner, D.L., 1992, Map, tables, and summary of fossil and isotopic age data, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1996, Report: 43 p.; Plate: 47.71 x 35.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1996D.","productDescription":"Report: 43 p.; Plate: 47.71 x 35.50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1996D.jpg"},{"id":310211,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-D/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":105166,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5589.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5589"},{"id":310212,"rank":702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-D/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hayes Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147,63 ], [ -147,64 ], [ -144,64 ], [ -144,63 ], [ -147,63 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69e280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":262231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":262232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutro, J. Thomas Jr.","contributorId":102878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":262229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silberling, Norman J.","contributorId":102438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberling","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silva, Steven R.","contributorId":59102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Thomas E.","contributorId":57871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Turner, Donald L.","contributorId":11604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":16815,"text":"ofr90672 - 1992 - Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Kelly-Cayuse Wilderness--Proposed and Cook Mountain and East Weitas Special Management Areas, Clearwater National Forest, Clearwater and Idaho counties, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T21:35:24.490257","indexId":"ofr90672","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-672","title":"Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Kelly-Cayuse Wilderness--Proposed and Cook Mountain and East Weitas Special Management Areas, Clearwater National Forest, Clearwater and Idaho counties, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90672","usgsCitation":"Adrian, B.M., Barton, H.N., Hopkins, R., Motooka, J.M., and Roushey, B.H., 1992, Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Kelly-Cayuse Wilderness--Proposed and Cook Mountain and East Weitas Special Management Areas, Clearwater National Forest, Clearwater and Idaho counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-672, Report: 28 p.; 2 Plates: 16.94 × 11.07 inches and 25.36 × 19.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90672.","productDescription":"Report: 28 p.; 2 Plates: 16.94 × 11.07 inches and 25.36 × 19.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18015.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":45891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0672/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45890,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0672/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45889,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0672/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0672/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Clearwater County, Idaho County","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.50,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.75,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.75,\n              46.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.50,\n              46.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.50,\n              46.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4804e4b07f02db4ce876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adrian, B. M.","contributorId":71535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adrian","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, H. N.","contributorId":99546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, R.T.","contributorId":80264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roushey, B. H.","contributorId":84387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roushey","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":42004,"text":"ofr9286 - 1992 - Altitude of the water table in the surficial aquifer system, shallow zone, in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T21:54:53.248848","indexId":"ofr9286","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-86","title":"Altitude of the water table in the surficial aquifer system, shallow zone, in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9286","usgsCitation":"Kane, R.L., 1992, Altitude of the water table in the surficial aquifer system, shallow zone, in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-86, 1 Plate: 18.03 × 27.10 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9286.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 18.03 × 27.10 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410411,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18210.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":79759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0086/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Palm Beach County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.43496271623788,\n              26.957535710727228\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43496271623788,\n              26.28980493099533\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.97551737014285,\n              26.28980493099533\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.97551737014285,\n              26.957535710727228\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43496271623788,\n              26.957535710727228\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6869e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Richard L. rkane@usgs.gov","contributorId":2034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Richard","email":"rkane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":225829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18775,"text":"ofr9255 - 1992 - Ground-water levels and directions of flow in the vicinity of a well field, Elkhart, Indiana, December 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T08:55:07","indexId":"ofr9255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-55","title":"Ground-water levels and directions of flow in the vicinity of a well field, Elkhart, Indiana, December 1989","docAbstract":"<p>Water levels were measured in 51 observation wells in the vicinity of the Elkhart Water Works Main Street well field during 5 days of normal pumping at the well field and little or no recharge to the ground water from precipitation. Water levels were measured once each day during December 18-22, 1989. Water-level altitudes were plotted and contoured on maps to determine the distribution of ground-water levels and directions of flow in the unconfined sand and gravel aquifer tapped by the well field.</p>\n<p>Measured ground-water levels ranged from about 7.5 to 30 feet below land surface. Ground-water levels were highest north and northwest of the Main Street well field and lowest at the Main Street well field and near the St. Joseph River. Regional ground-water flow is toward the south or southeast. Ground-water levels near the river are higher than the river stage, indicating that ground water discharges to the river.</p>\n<p>As a result of pumping, three cones of depression have formed in the water table in the mapped area. A small cone of depression northwest of the Main Street well field is caused by industrial pumping. Two cones of depression have formed at the Main Street well field-one in the eastern part of the well field and one in the western part of the well field.</p>\n<p>Horizontal hydraulic gradients are variable in the study area but are largest in the eastern part of the Main Street well field and near the St. Joseph River. In general, water levels measured in seven sets of paired wells do not indicate a vertical hydraulic gradient; however, a downward gradient was measured in one set of paired wells near a pumped area at the Main Street well field.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr9255","collaboration":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Duwelius, R., and Watson, L.R., 1992, Ground-water levels and directions of flow in the vicinity of a well field, Elkhart, Indiana, December 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-55, iv, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9255.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":48136,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0055/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Elkhart","city":"Elkhart","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.7874,41.7615],[-85.7591,41.7613],[-85.6606,41.7608],[-85.6589,41.699],[-85.6575,41.6122],[-85.6554,41.5251],[-85.6542,41.4733],[-85.6552,41.4384],[-85.7704,41.4377],[-85.8874,41.4379],[-86.0008,41.4375],[-86.059,41.4367],[-86.0594,41.4644],[-86.0593,41.474],[-86.0593,41.479],[-86.0592,41.4935],[-86.0598,41.4999],[-86.0624,41.7619],[-85.932,41.7623],[-85.7874,41.7615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Elkhart\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668f50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duwelius, R.F.","contributorId":28250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, Lee R.","contributorId":83545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20295,"text":"ofr92344 - 1992 - Ages of rocks in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon as indicated by paleontological and isotopic dates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-16T16:26:01.125669","indexId":"ofr92344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-344","title":"Ages of rocks in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon as indicated by paleontological and isotopic dates","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents a compilation of 1,019 paleontologic dates and 301 isotopic dates of rocks in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon. The study area extends from Portland, Oregon (latitude 45°30' N.) to Bellevue, Washington (latitude 47°35' N.) and from the east flank of the Cascade Range (longitude 121°20' W.) to the coastline (longitude approximately 124°00' W.). The data are presented in two tables and come from previous summaries of isotopic ages, open-file reports, published papers and maps, and theses. Parke D. Snavely, Jr. of the U.S. Geological Survey and Weldon W. Rau of the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources (WDGER) generously allowed us access to files and records of more than 40 years of micropaleontological research in western Washington and Oregon. We also present unpublished data from our research since 1971 in northwestern Oregon. This compilation was undertaken for the southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon project of the U.S. Geological Survey Evolution of Sedimentary Basins Program. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92344","usgsCitation":"Niem, W.A., and Niem, A.R., 1992, Ages of rocks in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon as indicated by paleontological and isotopic dates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-344, Report: 115 p.; 2 Plates: 40.20 x 42.32 inches and 40.35 x 42.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92344.","productDescription":"Report: 115 p.; 2 Plates: 40.20 x 42.32 inches and 40.35 x 42.77 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411912,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18291.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":49829,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0344/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49828,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0344/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49830,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0344/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0344/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.337,\n              47.643\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.383,\n              47.643\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.383,\n              45.474\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.337,\n              45.474\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.337,\n              47.643\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niem, Wendy Adams","contributorId":62624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Adams","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niem, Alan R.","contributorId":100414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44768,"text":"wri924006 - 1992 - Aquifer-test results, direction of ground-water flow, and 1984-90 annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation, lower Big Lost River Valley, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T09:10:51","indexId":"wri924006","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4006","title":"Aquifer-test results, direction of ground-water flow, and 1984-90 annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation, lower Big Lost River Valley, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The study area (see index map of Idaho), part of the Big Lost River drainage basin, is at the northern side of the eastern Snake River Plain. The lower Big Lost River Valley extends from the confluence of Antelope Creek and the Big Lost River to about 4 mi south of Arco and encompasses about 145 mi<sup>2</sup> (see map showing water-level contours). The study area is about 18 mi long and, at its narrowest, 4 mi wide. Arco, Butte City, and Moore, with populations of 1,016, 59, and 190, respectively, in 1990, are the only incorporated towns. The entire study area, except the extreme northwestern part, is in Butte City. The study area boundary is where alluvium and colluvium pinch out and abut against the White Knob Mountains (chiefly undifferentiated sedimentary rock with lesser amounts of volcanic rock) on the west and the Lost River Range (chiefly sedimentary rock) on the east. Gravel and sand in the valley fill compose the main aquifer. The southern boundary is approximately where Big Lost River valley fill intercalates with or abuts against basalt of the Snake River Group.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Spring ground-water levels and flow in the Big Lost River depend primarily on temperature and the amount and timing of precipitation within the entire drainage basin. Periods of abundant water supply and water shortages are, therefore, related to the amount of annual precipitation. Surface reservoir capacity in the valley (Mackay Reservoir, about 20 mi northwest of Moore) is only 20 percent of the average annual flow of the Big Lost River (Crosthwaite and others, 1970, p. 3). Stored surface water is generally unavailable for carryover from years of abundant water supply to help relieve drought conditions in subsequent years. Many farmers have drilled irrigation wells to supplement surface-water supplies and to increase irrigated acreage.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Average annual flow of the Big Lost River below Mackay Reservoir near Mackay (gaging station 13127000, not shown) in water years 1905, 1913-14, and 1920-90 was about 224,600 acre-ft; average annual flow of the Big Lost River near Arco (gaging station 13132500; see map showing water-level contours) in water years 1947-61, 1967-80, and 1983-90 was about 79,000 acre-ft (Harenberg and others, 1991, p. 254-255). Moore Canal and East Side Ditch divert water from the Big Lost River at the Moore Diversion, 3 mi north of Moore (see map showing water-level contours) and supply water for irrigation near the margins of the valley. When water supply is average or greater, water in the Big Lost River flows through the study area and onto the Snake River Plain, where it evaporates or infiltrates into the Snake River Plain aquifer. When water supply is below average, water in the Big Lost River commonly does not reach Arco; rather, it is diverted for irrigation in the interior of the valley, evaporates, or infiltrates to the valley-fill aquifer.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report describes the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources, to collect hydrologic data needed to help address water-supply problems in the Big Lost River Valley. Work involved (1) field inventory of 81 wells, including 46 irrigation wells; (2) measurement of water levels in 154 wells in March 1991; (3) estimation of annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation from 1984 through 1990; and (4) analysis of results of an aquifer test conducted southwest of Moore. All data obtained during this study may be inspected at the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho District office, Boise.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Bassick, M.D., and Jones, M., 1992, Aquifer-test results, direction of ground-water flow, and 1984-90 annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation, lower Big Lost River Valley, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4006, Plate: 49.07 x 32.06 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924006.","productDescription":"Plate: 49.07 x 32.06 inches","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":171514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri924006.PNG"},{"id":82075,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4006/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Butte County","city":"Arco;Butte City;Moore","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Creek;Big Lost River;Big Lost River Valley;Lost River Range;Mackay Reservoir;Snake River Plain;White Knob Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.501816,43.559247 ], [ -113.501816,43.799845 ], [ -113.199348,43.799845 ], [ -113.199348,43.559247 ], [ -113.501816,43.559247 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bassick, M. D.","contributorId":28249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassick","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, M.L.","contributorId":88731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20997,"text":"ofr92133 - 1992 - Geohydrologic and chemical data from wells in the Mud Lake area, eastern Idaho, 1988-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T20:14:08.138484","indexId":"ofr92133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-133","title":"Geohydrologic and chemical data from wells in the Mud Lake area, eastern Idaho, 1988-91","docAbstract":"Well information, results of test drilling, water-level measurements in observation wells, and chemical and \nisotopic constituents in ground-water samples were among the data collected as part of a study of the availability of \nground water from the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system in the Mud Lake area of eastern Idaho. Data from \nabout 1,200 wells were stored in the National Water Information System ground-water data base. Test holes were \ndrilled at eight sites. Water levels were measured in 594 wells in April or May 1989 and in 470 wells in August or \nSeptember 1989. Hydrographs of water levels were constructed for 99 observation wells. Water samples were \ncollected from nine irrigation wells and were analyzed for nutrients, common dissolved ions, stable isotopes of \nhydrogen and oxygen, trace elements, herbicides, insecticides, and polychlorinated compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Boise, ID","doi":"10.3133/ofr92133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Spinazola, J.M., Tungate, A.M., and Rogers, T.L., 1992, Geohydrologic and chemical data from wells in the Mud Lake area, eastern Idaho, 1988-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-133, iv, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92133.","productDescription":"iv, 92 p.","numberOfPages":"96","temporalStart":"1988-01-01","temporalEnd":"1991-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50575,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0133/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0133/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407353,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18238.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Mud Lake, Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.94,\n              43.534\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.44,\n              43.534\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.44,\n              44.503\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.94,\n              44.503\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.94,\n              43.534\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinazola, Joseph M.","contributorId":102044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinazola","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tungate, Annette M.","contributorId":53835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tungate","given":"Annette","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, T. L.","contributorId":73239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3006,"text":"wsp2382 - 1992 - Limnology of Big Lake, south-central Alaska, 1983-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"wsp2382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2382","title":"Limnology of Big Lake, south-central Alaska, 1983-84","docAbstract":"The limnological characteristics and trophic state of Big Lake in south-central Alaska were determined from the results of an intensive study during 1983-84. The study was begun in response to concern over the potential for eutrophication of Big Lake, which has experienced substantial residential development and recreational use because of its proximity to Anchorage. \r\n\r\nThe east and west basins of the 1,213 square-hectometer lake were each visited 36 times during the 2-year study to obtain a wide variety of physical, chemical, and biological data. During 1984, an estimate was made of the lake's annual primary production. Big Lake was classified as oligotrophic on the basis of its annual mean values for total phosphorus (9.5 micrograms per liter), total nitrogen (209 micrograms per liter), chlorophyll-a (2.5 micrograms per liter), secchi-disc transparency (6.3 meters), and its mean daily integral primary production of 81.1 milligrams of carbon fixed per square meter. The lake was, however, uncharacteristic of oligotrophic lakes in that a severe dissolved-oxygen deficit developed within the hypolimnion during summer stratification and under winter ice cover. The summer dissolved-oxygen deficit resulted from the combination of strong and persistent thermal stratification, which developed within 1 week of the melting of the lake's ice cover in May, and the failure of the spring circulation to fully reaerate the hypolimnion. The autumn circulation did reaerate the entire water column, but the ensuing 6 months of ice and snow cover prevented atmospheric reaeration of the water column and led to development of the winter dissolved-oxygen deficit. \r\n\r\nThe anoxic conditions that eventually developed near the lake bottom allowed the release of nutrients from the bottom sediments and facilitated ammonification reactions. These processes yielded hypolimnetic concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which were much larger than the oligotrophic concentrations measured within the epilimnion. An analysis of nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios showed that nitrogen was the nutrient most likely to limit phytoplankton growth during the summer. \r\n\r\nAlthough mean chlorophyll-a concentrations were at oligotrophic levels, concentrations did peak at 46.5 micrograms per liter in the east basin. During each year and in both basins, the peak chlorophyll-a concentrations were measured within the hypolimnion because the euphotic zone commonly was deeper than the epilimnion during the summer. \r\n\r\nThe annual integral primary production of Big Lake in 1984 was 29.6 grams of carbon fixed per square meter with about 90 percent of that produced during May through October. During this time period, the lake received 76 percent of its annual input of solar irradiance. Monthly integral primary production, in milligrams of carbon fixed per square meter, ranged from 1.5 in January to 7,050 in July. When compared with the range of annual integral primary production measured in 50 International Biological Program lakes throughout the world, Big Lake had a low value of annual integral primary production. \r\n\r\nThe results of this study lend credence to the concerns about the potential eutrophication of Big Lake. Increases in the supply of oxygen-demanding materials to Big Lake could worsen the hypolimnetic dissolved-oxygen deficit and possibly shift the lake's trophic state toward mesotrophy or eutrophy.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wsp2382","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1992, Limnology of Big Lake, south-central Alaska, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2382, iv, 108 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2382.","productDescription":"iv, 108 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2382/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29800,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2382/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207639,"text":"70207639 - 1992 - Contrasting P‐T‐t paths: Thermochronologic evidence for a Late Paleozoic final assembly of the Avalon Composite Terrane in the New England Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-31T14:27:20","indexId":"70207639","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T14:18:36","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting P‐T‐t paths: Thermochronologic evidence for a Late Paleozoic final assembly of the Avalon Composite Terrane in the New England Appalachians","docAbstract":"<p><span>Strongly contrasting pressure‐temperature‐time paths for the Avalon composite terrane and the structurally overlying Putnam‐Nashoba zone in eastern New England obtained from thermochronologic and thermobarometric data are best explained by a late Paleozoic underthrusting of cover rocks by the Avalon composite terrane. We present new Ar and U‐Pb thermochronologic data that show that in the southern Hope Valley zone, Permian (280 Ma) anatectic metamorphic conditions of 700°C and 6 kbar were quenched by relatively rapid cooling (12°C/m.y.) and exhumation (0.5 km/m.y.) for ∼40 m.y. In contrast, peak metamorphic conditions in the Putnam‐Nashoba zone predate Silurian intrusions, and slower cooling (3.5°C/m.y.) began at about 400 Ma. One‐dimensional thermal modeling suggests that these two belts were not in thermal equilibrium during the Permian metamorphism of the Avalon composite terrane. Because of the absence of high‐grade Alleghanian metamorphism in rocks overlying the Avalon terrane, we conclude that high‐grade Alleghanian metamorphism in the Avalon terrane occurred east of rocks now overlying it and that significant motion between Avalon and this cover occurred after peak Alleghanian metamorphism. Similarly contrasting metamorphic histories between Avalon inliers (Willimantic window, Massabesic complex gneiss, Pelham dome) and their cover rocks reveals the regional significance of this boundary. The core rocks all show Permian cooling, but the cover rocks show post‐Acadian cooling ages decreasing from east to west to the Pelham area, where hornblende ages in Avalon and cover differ by only 35 rather than 80 m.y. Model calculations show that thermal equilibrium between instantaneously thrusted blocks of rocks is generally obtained in tens of millions of years. Consequently, underthrusting of Avalon is constrained to be middle Mississippian or younger. Because the leading edge of the underthrusting block would have been heated the longest and would have most closely approached thermal equilibrium with its cover, core rocks of the Pelham dome must have been relatively close to this leading edge. Thus Carboniferous to Permian underplating from a generally eastward direction best explains these thermochronologic relationships.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91TC02904","usgsCitation":"Wintsch, R., Sutter, J.F., Kunk, M.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Dorais, M.J., 1992, Contrasting P‐T‐t paths: Thermochronologic evidence for a Late Paleozoic final assembly of the Avalon Composite Terrane in the New England Appalachians: Tectonics, no. 11, p. 672-689, https://doi.org/10.1029/91TC02904.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"672","endPage":"689","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"New England Appalachians","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.45458984375,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.6962890625,\n              40.96330795307353\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.89453125,\n              41.244772343082076\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.19189453125,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.99462890625,\n              44.88701247981298\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.30224609375,\n              45.460130637921004\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.78564453125,\n              45.93587062119052\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.29052734375,\n              45.90529985724799\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.45458984375,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"11","edition":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wintsch, R. P.","contributorId":116962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintsch","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutter, J. F.","contributorId":59779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dorais, Michael J.","contributorId":23302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorais","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182015,"text":"70182015 - 1992 - Contaminant transport in Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-26T19:49:54.259781","indexId":"70182015","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Contaminant transport in Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Construction of a new treatment plant and outfall to clean up Boston Harbor is currently one of the world's largest public works projects, costing about $4 billion. There is concern about the long-term impact of contaminants on Massachusetts Bay and adjacent Gulf of Maine because these areas are used extensively for transportation, recreation, fishing, and tourism, as well as waste disposal. Public concern also focuses on Stellwagen Bank, located on the eastern side of Massachusetts Bay, which is an important habitat for endangered whales. Contaminants reach Massachusetts Bay not only from Boston Harbor, but from other coastal communities on the Gulf of Maine, as well as from the atmosphere. Knowledge of the pathways, mechanisms, and rates at which pollutants are transported throughout these coastal environments is needed to address a wide range of management questions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Woods Hole, MA","doi":"10.3133/70182015","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., 1992, Contaminant transport in Massachusetts Bay, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70182015.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/mass-bay/","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"},{"id":399706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62342.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.5704345703125,\n              40.95501133048621\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.6807861328125,\n              40.95501133048621\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.6807861328125,\n              43.369119087738554\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.5704345703125,\n              43.369119087738554\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.5704345703125,\n              40.95501133048621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57713e4b057081a24eeed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187779,"text":"70187779 - 1992 - Correlation of pre-Carboniferous carbonate successions of northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:18:19","indexId":"70187779","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Correlation of pre-Carboniferous carbonate successions of northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Fault-bounded successions of pre-Carboniferous (meta)carbonate rocks occur throughout northern Alaska. Successions studied in detail are those in the York Mountains (Seward Peninsula), the western and eastern Baird Mountains (western Brooks Range), the Snowden Mountain area (central Brooks Range), and the Sublik and Sadlerochit Mountains (eastern Brooks range); they are correlated on the basis of the lithofacies and conodont biostratigraphy. Available lithologic and biogeographic data are best explained by postulating that these successions accumulated on a single continental margin or platform that had faunal exchange with both Siberia and North America, rather than on a series of discrete platforms juxtaposed by later tectonic events.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: 1992 international conference on Arctic margins (MMS 94-0040)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1992 International Conference on Arctic Margins (ICAM)","conferenceDate":"September 2-3, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Harris, A.G., 1992, Correlation of pre-Carboniferous carbonate successions of northern Alaska, <i>in</i> Proceedings: 1992 international conference on Arctic margins (MMS 94-0040), Anchorage, AK, September 2-3, 1992, p. 65-69.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"69","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341744,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/ICAM-92-Stratigraphy-and-Paleogeography/"},{"id":341479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range, Eastern Baird Mountains, Sadlerochit Mountains, Seward Peninsula, Shublik Mountains, Western Baird Mountains, York Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.88232421875,\n              64.48226107017604\n            ],\n            [\n              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K.","contributorId":147113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurston","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696073,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujita, Kazuya","contributorId":15654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujita","given":"Kazuya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696074,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70195040,"text":"70195040 - 1992 - Rare earth, major and trace element composition of Leg 127 sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T15:53:27","indexId":"70195040","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Rare earth, major and trace element composition of Leg 127 sediments","docAbstract":"<p>The relative effects of paleoceanographic and paleogeographic variations, sediment lithology, and diagenetic processes on the final preserved chemistry of Japan Sea sediments are evaluated by investigating the rare earth element (REE), major element, and trace element concentrations in 59 squeeze-cake whole-round and 27 physical-property sample residues from Sites 794, 795, and 797, cored during ODP Leg 127. </p><p>The most important variation in sedimentary chemical composition is the increase in SiO2 concentration through the Pliocene diatomaceous sequences, which dilutes most other major and trace element components by various degrees. This biogenic input is largest at Site 794 (Yamato Basin), moderately developed at Site 797 (Yamato Basin), and of only minor importance at Site 795 (Japan Basin), potentially reflecting basinal contrasts in productivity with the Yamato Basin recording greater biogenic input than the Japan Basin and with the easternmost sequence of Site 794 lying beneath the most productive waters. There are few systematic changes in solid-phase chemistry resulting from the opal-A/opal-CT or opal-CT/quartz silica phase transformations. Most major and trace element concentrations are controlled by the aluminosilicate fraction of the sediment, although the effects of diagenetic silica phases and manganese carbonates are of localized importance. </p><p>REE total abundances (IREE) in the Japan Sea are strongly dependent upon the paleoceanographic position of a given site with respect to terrigenous and biogenic sources. REE concentrations at Site 794 overall correspond well to aluminosilicate chemical indices and are strongly diluted by SiO2 within the upper Miocene-Pliocene diatomaceous sequence. Eu/Eu* values at Site 794 reach a maximum through the diatomaceous interval as well, most likely suggesting an association of Eu/Eu* with the siliceous component, or reflecting slight incorporation of a detrital feldspar phase. XREE at Site 795 also is affiliated strongly with aluminosilicate phases and yet is diluted only slightly by siliceous input. At Site 797, ΣRE E is not as clearly associated with the aluminosilicate fraction, is correlated moderately to siliceous input, and may be sporadically influenced by detrital heavy minerals originating from the nearby rifted continental fragment composing the Yamato Rise. </p><p>Ce/Ce* profiles at all three sites increase essentially monotonically with depth and record progressive diagenetic LREE fractionation. The observed Ce/Ce* increases are not responding to changes in the paleoceanographic oxygenation state of the overlying water, as there is no independent evidence to suggest the proper Oceanographic conditions. Ce/Ce* correlates slightly better with depth than with age at the two Yamato Basin sites. </p><p>The downhole increase in Ce/Ce* at Sites 794 and 797 is a passive response to the diagenetic transfer of LREE (except Ce) from sediment to interstitial water. At Site 795, the overall lack of correlation between Ce/Ce* and La/Y^ suggests that other processes mask the diagenetic behavior of all LREEs. First-order calculations of the Ce budget in Japan Sea waters and sediment indicate that ~20% of the excess Ce adsorbed by settling particles is recycled within the water column and that an additional -38% is recycled at or near the seafloor. Thus, because the remaining excess Ce is only -10% of the total Ce, there is not a large source of Ce to the deeply buried sediment, further suggesting that the downhole increase in Ce/Ce* is a passive response to diagenetic behavior of the other LREEs. The REE chemistry of Japan Sea sediment therefore predicts successive downhole addition of LREEs to deeply buried interstitial waters.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program","usgsCitation":"Murray, R., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Brumsack, H., Gerlach, D.C., and Russ, G.P., 1992, Rare earth, major and trace element composition of Leg 127 sediments, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v. 127/128, no. 1, p. 677-695.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"695","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              124.71679687499999,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              145.634765625,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              145.634765625,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              124.71679687499999,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              124.71679687499999,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"127/128","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a797b95e4b00f54eb1f5e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, R.W.","contributorId":6196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumsack, Hans-Juergen","contributorId":61141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumsack","given":"Hans-Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerlach, David C.","contributorId":138786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerlach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russ, G. Price","contributorId":138787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russ","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Price","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70195964,"text":"70195964 - 1992 - Holocene coastal development on the Florida peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:54:28","indexId":"70195964","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3842,"text":"SEPM Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene coastal development on the Florida peninsula","docAbstract":"<p>The Florida peninsula contains five distinct coastal sections, each resulting from its own spectrum of coastal processes and sediment availability during a slowly rising, late Holocene sea level. The east coast barrier system is wave-dominated and has a large cuspate foreland (Cape Canaveral) near its middle. The Florida Keys and reef tract represent the only coastal carbonate system in the continental United States. An open-marine mangrove coast characterizes the low-energy, tide-dominated southwest part of the State. The central Gulf barrier system displays a mixed-energy morphology in a microtidal, low-energy setting. The open-coast marsh system of the Big Bend area that is north of the barrier system is also tide dominated, and is developed on a sediment-starved carbonate platform.</p><p>The oldest preserved coastal Holocene section is the Florida Keys area where, at about 6 to 8 ka, sequences accumulated during the Holocene. Most of the remainder of the peninsular coast is characterized by terrigenous sequences less than 3 ka. The younger sequences accumulated almost exclusively from reworking of older strata without benefit of additional sediment supply from land.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Coasts of the United States: Marine and Lacustrine Systems","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2110/pec.92.48.0193","usgsCitation":"Davis, R., Hine, A.C., and Shinn, E., 1992, Holocene coastal development on the Florida peninsula: SEPM Special Publication, v. 48, p. 193-212, https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.92.48.0193.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"212","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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