{"pageNumber":"3120","pageRowStart":"77975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184828,"records":[{"id":70023018,"text":"70023018 - 2001 - Association of amphibians with attenuation of ultraviolet-b radiation in montane ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T13:55:50","indexId":"70023018","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of amphibians with attenuation of ultraviolet-b radiation in montane ponds","docAbstract":"<p>Ambient ultraviolet-b (UV-B) radiation (280–320&nbsp;nm) has increased at north-temperate latitudes in the last two decades. UV-B can be detrimental to amphibians, and amphibians have shown declines in some areas during this same period. We documented the distribution of amphibians and salmonids in 42 remote, subalpine and alpine ponds in Olympic National Park, Washington, United States. We inferred relative exposure of amphibian habitats to UV-B by estimating the transmission of 305- and 320-nm radiation in pond water. We found breeding<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \"> Ambystoma gracile</i>,<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \"> A. macrodactylum</i> and<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \"> Rana cascadae</i> at 33%, 31%, and 45% of the study sites, respectively. Most<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \"> R. cascadae</i> bred in fishless shallow ponds with relatively low transmission of UV-B. The relationship with UV-B exposure remained marginally significant even after the presence of fish was included in the model. At 50&nbsp;cm water depth, there was a 55% reduction in incident 305-nm radiation at sites where breeding populations of<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \"> R. cascadae</i> were detected compared to other sites. We did not detect associations between UV-B transmission and<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \"> A. gracile</i> or<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \"> A. macrodactylum</i>. Our field surveys do not provide evidence for decline of<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \"> R. cascadae</i> in Olympic National Park as has been documented in Northern California, but are consistent with the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \"> R. cascadae</i> breeding sites is influenced by exposure to UV-B. Substrate or pond depth could also be related to the distribution of<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \"> R. cascadae</i> in Olympic National Park.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004420100688","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Schindler, D.E., and Bury, R.B., 2001, Association of amphibians with attenuation of ultraviolet-b radiation in montane ponds: Oecologia, v. 128, no. 4, p. 519-525, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100688.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"525","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee90e4b0c8380cd49e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schindler, Daniel E.","contributorId":83485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022999,"text":"70022999 - 2001 - Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the Western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:20:49","indexId":"70022999","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the Western USA","docAbstract":"<p>Wildfire alters the hydrologic response of watersheds, including the peak discharges resulting from subsequent rainfall. Improving predictions of the magnitude of flooding that follows wildfire is needed because of the increase in human population at risk in the wildland-urban interface. Because this wildland-urban interface is typically in mountainous terrain, we investigated rainfall-runoff relations by measuring the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity and the unit-area peak discharge (peak discharge divided by the area burned) in three mountainous watersheds (17-26.8 km<sup>2</sup>) after a wildfire. We found rainfall-runoff relations that relate the unit-area peak discharges to the maximum 30 min rainfall intensities by a power law. These rainfall-runoff relations appear to have a threshold value for the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity (around 10 mm h<sup>-1</sup>) such that, above this threshold, the magnitude of the flood peaks increases more rapidly with increases in intensity. This rainfall intensity could be used to set threshold limits in rain gauges that are part of an early-warning flood system after wildfire. The maximum unit-area peak discharges from these three burned watersheds ranged from 3.2 to 50 m<sup>3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> km<sup>-2</sup>. These values could provide initial estimates of the upper limits of runoff that can be used to predict floods after wildfires in mountainous terrain. Published in 2001 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.386","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Martin, D., 2001, Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the Western USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 15, p. 2981-2993, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.386.","startPage":"2981","endPage":"2993","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.386"}],"volume":"15","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e64e4b0c8380cd7a4f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, D.A.","contributorId":61548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022964,"text":"70022964 - 2001 - Differentiating nonpoint sources of deisopropylatrazine in surface water using discrimination diagrams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T17:33:54.024941","indexId":"70022964","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiating nonpoint sources of deisopropylatrazine in surface water using discrimination diagrams","docAbstract":"<p>Pesticide degradates account for a significant portion of the pesticide load in surface water. Because pesticides with similar structures may degrade to the same degradate, it is important to distinguish between different sources of parent compounds that have different regulatory and environmental implications. A discrimination diagram, which is a sample plot of chemical data that differentiates between different parent compounds, was used for the first time to distinguish whether sources other than atrazine (6-chloro-<i>N</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup>-ethyl-<i>N</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>4</sup>-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) contributed the chlorinated degradate, deisopropylatrazine (DIA; 6-chloro-<i>N</i>-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) to the Iroquois and Delaware Rivers. The concentration ratio of deisopropylatrazine to deethylatrazine [6-chloro-<i>N</i>-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], called the D<sup>2</sup>R, was used to discriminate atrazine as a source of DIA from other parent sources, such as cyanazine (2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile) and simazine (6-chloro-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine). The ratio of atrazine to cyanazine (ACR) used in conjunction with the D<sup>2</sup>R showed that after atrazine, cyanazine was the main contributor of DIA in surface water. The D<sup>2</sup>R also showed that cyanazine, and to a much lesser extent simazine, contributed a considerable amount (∼40%) of the DIA that was transported during the flood of the Mississippi River in 1993. The D<sup>2</sup>R may continue to be a useful discriminator in determining changes in the nonpoint sources of DIA in surface water as cyanazine is currently being removed from the market.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq2001.3051836x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E., and Goolsby, D.A., 2001, Differentiating nonpoint sources of deisopropylatrazine in surface water using discrimination diagrams: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 30, no. 5, p. 1836-1843, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3051836x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1836","endPage":"1843","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River Valley Experimental Farm","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.85715045658709,\n              39.094386865596505\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.8574939283393,\n              39.057857149790436\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.84581588877556,\n              39.05625687599337\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.82761188592619,\n              39.05065563210067\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.80975135482903,\n              39.05038889511985\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.80253844804022,\n              39.05252276276147\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.7575436485451,\n              39.053856397296755\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.75033074175565,\n              39.0557234433349\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.74243089146307,\n              39.061590980940736\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.73109632365092,\n              39.06639133084025\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.72972243664336,\n              39.088255460555786\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.72697466262885,\n              39.09092135433383\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.744835193726,\n              39.09038818363953\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.75067421350788,\n              39.09198768363015\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.7606348943118,\n              39.09012159678113\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.78124319942413,\n              39.09412029385351\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.85715045658709,\n              39.094386865596505\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0105e4b0c8380cd4fa53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023048,"text":"70023048 - 2001 - Hydraulic head applications of flow logs in the study of heterogeneous aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T07:06:08","indexId":"70023048","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic head applications of flow logs in the study of heterogeneous aquifers","docAbstract":"Permeability profiles derived from high-resolution flow logs in heterogeneous aquifers provide a limited sample of the most permeable beds or fractures determining the hydraulic properties of those aquifers. This paper demonstrates that flow logs can also be used to infer the large-scale properties of aquifers surrounding boreholes. The analysis is based on the interpretation of the hydraulic head values estimated from the flow log analysis. Pairs of quasi-steady flow profiles obtained under ambient conditions and while either pumping or injecting are used to estimate the hydraulic head in each water-producing zone. Although the analysis yields localized estimates of transmissivity for a few water-producing zones, the hydraulic head estimates apply to the farfield aquifers to which these zones are connected. The hydraulic head data are combined with information from other sources to identify the large-scale structure of heterogeneous aquifers. More complicated cross-borehole flow experiments are used to characterize the pattern of connection between large-scale aquifer units inferred from the hydraulic head estimates. The interpretation of hydraulic heads in situ under steady and transient conditions is illustrated by several case studies, including an example with heterogeneous permeable beds in an unconsolidated aquifer, and four examples with heterogeneous distributions of bedding planes and/or fractures in bedrock aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02356.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 2001, Hydraulic head applications of flow logs in the study of heterogeneous aquifers: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 5, p. 667-675, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02356.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"675","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32f0e4b0c8380cd5ebbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003400,"text":"1003400 - 2001 - Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the threeridge mussel (Amblema plicata) by chlorpyrifos: Implications for biomonitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T18:55:31.32816","indexId":"1003400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the threeridge mussel (<i>Amblema plicata</i>) by chlorpyrifos: Implications for biomonitoring","title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the threeridge mussel (Amblema plicata) by chlorpyrifos: Implications for biomonitoring","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects of chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus insecticide, were examined on the activity of the nervous system enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the threeridge mussel&nbsp;</span><i>Amblema plicata</i><span>&nbsp;in a 24-day laboratory test. Thirty-six mussels in each of seven treatments (18 mussels per duplicate) were exposed to chlorpyrifos (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/L), a solvent (acetone), and a solvent-free (well water) control for 12, 24, or 96 h. The activity of AChE was measured in the anterior adductor muscle of eight mussels from each treatment after exposure. To assess potential latent effects, six mussels from each treatment were removed after 24 h of exposure and transferred to untreated water for a 21-day holding period; AChE activity was measured on three mussels from each treatment at 7 and 21 days of the holding period. The activity of AChE in chlorpyrifos-exposed mussels did not differ from controls after 12 or 24 h of exposure (</span><i>t</i><span>- test,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&gt;0.05), but was significantly less than controls after 96 h (</span><i>t</i><span>- test,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>=0.01). AChE activity did not vary among mussels at 24 h of exposure (i.e., Day 0 of holding period) and those at Day 7 and Day 21 of the holding period. Overall changes in AChE activity of mussels during the test were unrelated to individual chlorpyrifos concentrations and exposure times (repeated measure ANOVA; (</span><i>P</i><span>=0.06). A power analysis revealed that the sample size must be increased from 2 to 5 replicates (8 to 20 mussels per time interval and test concentration) to increase the probability of detecting significant differences in AChE activity. This calculated increase in sample size has potential implications for future biomonitoring studies with chlorpyrifos and unionid mussels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/eesa.2000.2036","usgsCitation":"Doran, W., Cope, W., Rada, R., and Sandheinrich, M., 2001, Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the threeridge mussel (Amblema plicata) by chlorpyrifos: Implications for biomonitoring: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 49, no. 1, p. 91-98, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.2036.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Lakeland","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.7737045288086,\n              44.90744135615697\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76615142822266,\n              44.89941659173812\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75516510009766,\n              44.90160527494205\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75001525878906,\n              44.91035917458495\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74589538574219,\n              44.920084166257624\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74143218994139,\n              44.92543221016552\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74005889892578,\n              44.93175198383987\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.735595703125,\n              44.93758500391091\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73662567138672,\n              44.94293141849847\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74280548095703,\n              44.94924926661153\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74280548095703,\n              44.952164961986206\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74555206298828,\n              44.95532346482584\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74761199951172,\n              44.961882876810925\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75447845458984,\n              44.968684437948376\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.757568359375,\n              44.97912812237348\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7579116821289,\n              44.982527981304266\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75619506835936,\n              44.98665611039465\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77885437011719,\n              44.991026746594535\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77610778808594,\n              44.98131376911565\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77061462402344,\n              44.966741217055315\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76683807373047,\n              44.95799590837475\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7627182006836,\n              44.95192199302901\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7688980102539,\n              44.94171636799005\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7688980102539,\n              44.935883767592586\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76683807373047,\n              44.923001342833096\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76580810546875,\n              44.91449249713902\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7737045288086,\n              44.90744135615697\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doran, W.J.","contributorId":22304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rada, R.G.","contributorId":7651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023040,"text":"70023040 - 2001 - River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023040","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","docAbstract":"An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit for transport of water to the outlet in a large basin. Mass exponents, which characterize the power-law behavior of moments as a function of scale, are ideally suited for defining scaling behavior of processes that exhibit a high degree of variability or intermittency. The main result in this paper is an expression relating the mass exponent of flow resulting from an instantaneous burst of rainfall to the mass exponents of spatial rainfall and that of the network width function. Spatial rainfall is modeled as a random multiplicative cascade and the channel network as a recursive replacement tree; these fractal models reproduce certain types of self-similar behavior seen in actual rainfall and networks. It is shown that under these modeling assumptions the scaling behavior of flow mirrors that of rainfall if rainfall is highly variable in space, and on the other hand flow mirrors the structure of the network if rainfall is not so highly variable. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., and Over, T., 2001, River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall: Advances in Water Resources, v. 24, no. 9-10, p. 967-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8.","startPage":"967","endPage":"989","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208222,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8"},{"id":233805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadaee4b0c8380cd86f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Over, T.M.","contributorId":35918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023083,"text":"70023083 - 2001 - Temporal and spatial variations in fly ash quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70023083","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1710,"text":"Fuel Processing Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial variations in fly ash quality","docAbstract":"Fly ash quality, both as the amount of petrographically distinguishable carbons and in chemistry, varies in both time and space. Temporal variations are a function of a number of variables. Variables can include variations in the coal blend organic petrography, mineralogy, and chemistry; variations in the pulverization of the coal, both as a function of the coal's Hardgrove grindability index and as a function of the maintenance and settings of the pulverizers; and variations in the operating conditions of the boiler, including changes in the pollution control system. Spatial variation, as an instantaneous measure of fly ash characteristics, should not involve changes in the first two sets of variables listed above. Spatial variations are a function of the gas flow within the boiler and ducts, certain flow conditions leading to a tendency for segregation of the less-dense carbons in one portion of the gas stream. Caution must be applied in sampling fly ash. Samples from a single bin, or series of bins, m ay not be representative of the whole fly ash, providing a biased view of the nature of the material. Further, it is generally not possible to be certain about variation until the analysis of the ash is complete. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fuel Processing Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00193-X","issn":"03783820","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Trimble, A., and Eble, C., 2001, Temporal and spatial variations in fly ash quality: Fuel Processing Technology, v. 73, no. 1, p. 37-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00193-X.","startPage":"37","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208276,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00193-X"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f9e4b08c986b3206f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trimble, A.S.","contributorId":78110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50468,"text":"ofr01497 - 2001 - Databases and simplified geology for mineralized areas, claims, mines and prospects in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T19:52:00.521586","indexId":"ofr01497","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-497","title":"Databases and simplified geology for mineralized areas, claims, mines and prospects in Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01497","usgsCitation":"Wilson, A.B., Klein, T.L., and Heran, W.D., 2001, Databases and simplified geology for mineralized areas, claims, mines and prospects in Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-497, Report: 17 p.; Readme; Data Files; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01497.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; Readme; Data Files; Metadata","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414569,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46481.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4278,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0497/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.00566941962046,\n              45.03496541924736\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.00566941962046,\n              41.03921315744799\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.07994244042345,\n              41.03921315744799\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.07994244042345,\n              45.03496541924736\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.00566941962046,\n              45.03496541924736\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heran, William D. wheran@usgs.gov","contributorId":2246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heran","given":"William","email":"wheran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003867,"text":"1003867 - 2001 - Neckband retention for lesser snow geese in the western Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T11:08:42","indexId":"1003867","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neckband retention for lesser snow geese in the western Arctic","docAbstract":"<p>Neckbands are commonly used in waterfowl studies (especially geese) to identify individuals for determination of movement and behavior and to estimate population parameters. Substantial neckband loss can adversely affect these research objectives and produce biased survival estimates. We used capture, recovery, and observation histories for lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) banded in the western Arctic, 1993-1996, to estimate neckband retention. We found that neckband retention differed between snow goose breeding colonies at Wrangel Island, Russia, and Banks Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Male snow geese had higher neckband loss than females, a pattern similar to that found for Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and lesser snow geese in Alaska. We found that the rate of neckband loss increased with time, suggesting that neckbands are lost as the plastic deteriorates. Survival estimates for geese based on resighting neckbands will be biased unless estimates are corrected for neckband loss. We recommend that neckband loss be estimated using survival estimators that incorporate recaptures, recoveries, and observations of marked birds. Research and management studies using neckbands should be designed to improve neckband retention and to include the assessment of neckband retention.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803029","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M., Goldberg, D., Smith, A.E., Baranyuk, W., and Cooch, E., 2001, Neckband retention for lesser snow geese in the western Arctic: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 4, p. 797-807, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803029.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"807","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n   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M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, Diana R. 0000-0001-8540-8512","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-8512","contributorId":82252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Diana R.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, A. E.","contributorId":58254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baranyuk, W.","contributorId":38129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baranyuk","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1003668,"text":"1003668 - 2001 - Leaping lopsided: a review of the current hypotheses regarding etiologies of limb malformations in frogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-16T14:34:38","indexId":"1003668","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3542,"text":"The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leaping lopsided: a review of the current hypotheses regarding etiologies of limb malformations in frogs","docAbstract":"<p>Recent progress in the investigation of limb malformations in free-living frogs has underlined the wide range in the types of limb malformations and the apparent spatiotemporal clustering of their occurrence. Here, we review the current understanding of normal and abnormal vertebrate limb development and regeneration and discuss some of the molecular events that may bring about limb malformation. Consideration of the differences between limb development and regeneration in amphibians has led us to the hypothesis that some of the observed limb malformations come about through misdirected regeneration. We report the results of a pilot study that supports this hypothesis. In this study, the distal aspect of the right hindlimb buds of X. laevis tadpoles was amputated at the pre-foot paddle stage. The tadpoles were raised in water from a pond in Minnesota at which 7% of surveyed newly metamorphosed feral frogs had malformations. Six percent (6 of 100) of the right limbs of the tadpoles raised in pond water developed abnormally. One truncated right limb was the only malformation in the control group, which was raised in dechlorinated municipal water. All unamputated limbs developed normally in both groups. Three major factors under consideration for effecting the limb malformations are discussed. These factors include environmental chemicals (primarily agrichemicals), encysted larvae (metacercariae) of trematode parasites, and increased levels of ultraviolet light. Emphasis is placed on the necessary intersection of environmental stressors and developmental events to bring about the specific malformations that are observed in free-living frog populations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Loeffler, I., Stocum, D., Fallon, J., and Meteyer, C., 2001, Leaping lopsided: a review of the current hypotheses regarding etiologies of limb malformations in frogs: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist, v. 265, no. 5, p. 228-245.","productDescription":"p. 228-245","startPage":"228","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15145,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/86510968/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5063.000000000000000"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"California, Maine, Minnesota, Quebec, 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 \"}}]}","volume":"265","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a56ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loeffler, I.K.","contributorId":86735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeffler","given":"I.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stocum, D.L.","contributorId":12433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stocum","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fallon, J.F.","contributorId":102039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meteyer, C.U. 0000-0002-4007-3410","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":74327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"C.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023143,"text":"70023143 - 2001 - The roughness of natural terrain: A planetary and remote sensing perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-18T08:35:53","indexId":"70023143","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The roughness of natural terrain: A planetary and remote sensing perspective","docAbstract":"<p>We examine the various methods and parameters in common use for quantifying and reporting surface topographic \"roughness.\" It is shown that scale-dependent roughness parameters are almost always required, though not widely used. We suggest a method of standardizing the parameters that are computed and reported so that topographic data gathered by different workers using different field techniques can be directly and easily intercompared. We illustrate the proposed method by analyzing topographic data from 60 different surfaces gathered by five different groups and examine the information for common features. We briefly discuss the implications of our analysis for studies of planetary surface roughness, lander safety, and radar remote sensing modeling and analysis.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001429","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Shepard, M.K., Campbell, B.A., Bulmer, M.H., Gaddis, L.R., Farr, T.G., and Plaut, J.J., 2001, The roughness of natural terrain: A planetary and remote sensing perspective: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E12, p. 32777-32795, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001429.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"32777","endPage":"32795","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000je001429","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafabe4b08c986b324977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shepard, Michael K.","contributorId":200622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shepard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Bruce A.","contributorId":39813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bulmer, Mark H.","contributorId":213328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bulmer","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farr, Tom G.","contributorId":213329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farr","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plaut, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":63516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plaut","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023016,"text":"70023016 - 2001 - Brecciated and mineralized coals in Union County Western Kentucky coal field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023016","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brecciated and mineralized coals in Union County Western Kentucky coal field","docAbstract":"Coals from the D-2 and D-3 boreholes in the Grove Center 7 1/2 min quadrangle, Union County, KY, have been found to be highly brecciated and mineralized. The mineralization is dominated by a carbonate assemblage with minor sulfides and sulfates. Included among the secondary minerals is the lead selenide, clausthalite. Overall, the emplacement of secondary vein minerals was responsible for raising the rank of the coals from the 0.6-0.7% Rmax range found in the area to as high as 0.95-0.99% Rmax. A 1.3-m-thick coal found in one of the boreholes is unique among known Western Kentucky coals in having less than 50% vitrinite. Semifusinite and fusinite dominate the maceral assemblages. The coal is also low in sulfur coal, which is unusual for the Illinois Basin. It has an ash yield of less than 10%; much of it dominated by pervasive carbonate veining. The age of the thick coal in core D-2 is similar to that of the Elm Lick coal bed, found elsewhere in the Western Kentucky coalfield. The coals in D-3 are younger, having Stephanian palynomorph assemblages. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00047-7","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Williams, D., Eble, C., Sakulpitakphon, T., and Moecher, D., 2001, Brecciated and mineralized coals in Union County Western Kentucky coal field: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 47, no. 3-4, p. 223-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00047-7.","startPage":"223","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208014,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00047-7"},{"id":233367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f255e4b0c8380cd4b113","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sakulpitakphon, T.","contributorId":29169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakulpitakphon","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moecher, D.P.","contributorId":106269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moecher","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023169,"text":"70023169 - 2001 - Dietary restriction causes chronic elevation of corticosterone and enhances stress response in red-legged kittiwake chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:32:57","indexId":"70023169","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2226,"text":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary restriction causes chronic elevation of corticosterone and enhances stress response in red-legged kittiwake chicks","docAbstract":"Release of corticosterone in hungry kittiwake chicks facilitates begging and allows them to restore depleted energy reserves by increasing parental food provisioning. However, in order to avoid detrimental effects of chronic elevation of corticosterone, chicks might suppress adrenocortical activity in response to prolonged food shortages. In this study we examined temporal dynamics of corticosterone release in red-legged kittiwake (Rissa brevirostris) chicks exposed to prolonged restrictions in energy content and/or nutritional quality (low versus high lipid content) of their food. Starting at the age of 15 days, chicks were fed either high- or low-lipid fish at 40%, 65%, and 100% of ad libitum energy intake. Body mass measurements and baseline plasma samples were taken on a weekly basis after beginning of the treatment. After 3 weeks of treatment, chicks were exposed to a standardized acute handling and restraint stress protocol, where in addition to a baseline sample, three plasma samples were taken at intervals up to 50 min. We found that food-restricted chicks had lower body mass, chronically (during 2-3 weeks) elevated baseline and higher acute stress-induced levels of corticosterone compared to chicks fed ad libitum. Low lipid content of food further exacerbated these effects. An increase in baseline levels of corticosterone was observed within a week after energy requirements of food-restricted chicks exceeded their daily energy intake. A tendency for suppression of adrenocortical activity was observed in treatments fed low-lipid diets only at the end of the experiment. We suggest that nest-bound chicks, if food-stressed, might suffer deleterious effects of chronic elevation of corticosterone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s003600100230","issn":"01741578","usgsCitation":"Kitaysky, A., Kitaiskaia, E., Wingfield, J., and Piatt, J.F., 2001, Dietary restriction causes chronic elevation of corticosterone and enhances stress response in red-legged kittiwake chicks: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, v. 171, no. 8, p. 701-709, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003600100230.","startPage":"701","endPage":"709","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":503806,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zotero.org/groups/5435545/items/L5TFS5LK","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208073,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600100230"}],"volume":"171","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00e0e4b0c8380cd4f986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kitaysky, A.S.","contributorId":104239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitaysky","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitaiskaia, E.V.","contributorId":102668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitaiskaia","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wingfield, J.C.","contributorId":22929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingfield","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023170,"text":"70023170 - 2001 - Scleria lacustris (Cyperaceae), an aquatic and wetland sedge introduced to Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T10:27:33","indexId":"70023170","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3322,"text":"SIDA, Contributions to Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scleria lacustris (Cyperaceae), an aquatic and wetland sedge introduced to Florida","docAbstract":"<p>A non-native species of Scleria, S. lacustris is reported from six counties and three major hydrologic regions in Florida. Biogeography and habitat in Florida are addressed. A description, key features and illustration are presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Research Institute of Texas","issn":"00361488","usgsCitation":"Jacono, C., 2001, Scleria lacustris (Cyperaceae), an aquatic and wetland sedge introduced to Florida: SIDA, Contributions to Botany, v. 19, no. 4, p. 1163-1170.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1170","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269882,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41967965"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8792e4b08c986b316562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacono, C.C.","contributorId":32879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacono","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003667,"text":"1003667 - 2001 - Quantitative analysis of herpes virus sequences from normal tissue and fibropapillomas of marine turtles with real-time PCR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T10:17:57","indexId":"1003667","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3696,"text":"Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative analysis of herpes virus sequences from normal tissue and fibropapillomas of marine turtles with real-time PCR","docAbstract":"<p>Quantitative real-time PCR has been used to measure fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV) pol DNA loads in fibropapillomas, fibromas, and uninvolved tissues of green, loggerhead, and olive ridley turtles from Hawaii, Florida, Costa Rica, Australia, Mexico, and the West Indies. The viral DNA loads from tumors obtained from terminal animals were relatively homogenous (range 2a??20 copies/cell), whereas DNA copy numbers from biopsied tumors and skin of otherwise healthy turtles displayed a wide variation (range 0.001a??170 copies/cell) and may reflect the stage of tumor development. FPTHV DNA loads in tumors were 2.5a??4.5 logs higher than in uninvolved skin from the same animal regardless of geographic location, further implying a role for FPTHV in the etiology of fibropapillomatosis. Although FPTHV pol sequences amplified from tumors are highly related to each other, single signature amino acid substitutions distinguish the Australia/Hawaii, Mexico/Costa Rica, and Florida/Caribbean groups.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/viro.2001.1023","usgsCitation":"Quackenbush, S., Casey, R., Murcek, R., Paul, T., Work, T.M., Limpus, C., Chaves, A., duToit, L., Perez, J., Aguirre, A., Spraker, T., Horrocks, J., Vermeer, L., Balazs, G., and Casey, J., 2001, Quantitative analysis of herpes virus sequences from normal tissue and fibropapillomas of marine turtles with real-time PCR: Virology, v. 287, no. 1, p. 105-111, https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.2001.1023.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access 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T.A.","contributorId":38503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Limpus, C.J.","contributorId":12413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limpus","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chaves, A.","contributorId":23488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaves","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"duToit, L.","contributorId":40154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"duToit","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perez, J.V.","contributorId":54924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aguirre, A.A.","contributorId":107647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguirre","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Spraker, T.R.","contributorId":19907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spraker","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Horrocks, J.A.","contributorId":107229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horrocks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Vermeer, L.A.","contributorId":64596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermeer","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Balazs, G.S.","contributorId":6794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balazs","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Casey, J.W.","contributorId":11987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70023239,"text":"70023239 - 2001 - Effects of a test flood on fishes of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T17:18:34.223","indexId":"70023239","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a test flood on fishes of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>A beach/habitat-building flow (i.e., test flood) of 1274 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s, released from Glen Canyon Dam down the Colorado River through Grand Canyon, had little effect on distribution, abundance, or movement of native fishes, and only short-term effects on densities of some nonnative species. Shoreline and backwater catch rates of native fishes, including juvenile humpback chub (</span><i>Gila cypha</i><span>), flannelmouth suckers (</span><i>Catostomus latipinnis</i><span>), and bluehead suckers (</span><i>C. discobolus</i><span>), and all ages of speckled dace (</span><i>Rhinichthys osculus</i><span>), were not significantly different before and after the flood. Annual spring spawning migrations of flannelmouth suckers into the Paria River and endangered humpback chub into the Little Colorado River (LCR) took place during and after the flood, indicating no impediment to fish migrations. Pre-spawning adults staged in large slack water pools formed at the mouths of these tributaries during the flood. Net movement and habitat used by nine radio-tagged adult humpback chub during the flood were not significantly different from prior observations. Diet composition of adult humpback chub varied, but total biomass did not differ significantly before, during, and after the flood, indicating opportunistic feeding for a larger array of available food items displaced by the flood. Numbers of nonnative rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) &lt;152 mm total length decreased by ∼8% in electrofishing samples from the dam tailwaters (0–25 km downstream of the dam) during the flood. Increased catch rates in the vicinity of the LCR (125 km downstream of the dam) and Hell's Hollow (314 km downstream of the dam) suggest that these young trout were displaced downstream by the flood, although displacement distance was unknown since some fish could have originated from local populations associated with intervening tributaries. Abundance, catch rate, body condition, and diet of adult rainbow trout in the dam tailwaters were not significantly affected by the flood, and the flood did not detrimentally affect spawning success; catch of young-of-year increased by 20% in summer following the flood. Post-flood catch rates of nonnative fathead minnows (</span><i>Pimephales promelas</i><span>) in shorelines and backwaters, and plains killifish (</span><i>Fundulus zebrinus</i><span>) in backwaters decreased in the vicinity of the LCR, and fathead minnows increased near Hell's Hollow, suggesting that the flood displaced this nonnative species. Densities of rainbow trout and fathead minnows recovered to pre-flood levels eight months after the flood by reinvasion from tributaries and reproduction in backwaters. We concluded that the flood was of insufficient magnitude to substantially reduce populations of nonnative fishes, but that similar managed floods can disadvantage alien predators and competitors and enhance survival of native fishes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0686:EOATFO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Valdez, R., Hoffnagle, T., McIvor, C., McKinney, T., and Leibfried, W., 2001, Effects of a test flood on fishes of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona: Ecological Applications, v. 11, no. 3, p. 686-700, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0686:EOATFO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"686","endPage":"700","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand 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T.","contributorId":81279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leibfried, W.C.","contributorId":29997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leibfried","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1003923,"text":"1003923 - 2001 - Oral chytridiomycosis in the mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T23:56:34.710278","indexId":"1003923","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Oral chytridiomycosis in the mountain yellow-legged frog (<i>Rana muscosa</i>)","title":"Oral chytridiomycosis in the mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The chytrid fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> was originally reported in wild frog populations in Panama and Australia, and from captive frogs in the U.S. National Zoological Park (Washington, DC). This recently described fungus affects the keratinized epidermis of amphibians and has been implicated as a causative factor in the declines of frog populations. We report here the presence of <i>B. dendrobatidis</i> in larval and recently metamorphosed mountain yellow-legged frogs (<i>Rana muscosa</i>) in or near the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, an area where declines have been documented in all five species of native anurans. Forty-one percent (158 of 387) of larval <i>R. muscosa</i> examined in the field with a hand lens and 18% (14 of 79) of preserved larvae had abnormalities of the oral disc. Twenty-eight larvae were collected from 10 sites where tadpoles had been observed with missing or abnormally keratinized mouthparts, and 24 of these were examined for infection. Sixty-seven percent (16 of 24) of these tadpoles were infected with B. dendrobatidis. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was cultured from both tadpoles and recent metamorphs from one of these sites. Tadpoles with mouthpart abnormalities or confirmed chytrid fungus infections were collected at 23 sites spanning a distance of &gt; 440 km and an elevational range from 1658-3550 m. Life-history traits of <i>R. muscosa</i> may make this species particularly susceptible to infection by <i>Batrachochytrium</i>. We recommend that biologists examine tadpoles for oral disc abnormalities as a preliminary indication of chytridiomycosis. Further, we believe that biologists should take precautions to prevent spreading this and other amphibian diseases from one site to another.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0945:OCITMY]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Green, D.E., and Longcore, J., 2001, Oral chytridiomycosis in the mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa): Copeia, v. 2001, no. 4, p. 945-953, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0945:OCITMY]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"945","endPage":"953","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0945:ocitmy]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Mountains, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.44335937499999,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.86083984375,\n              47.97521412341618\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.25634765624999,\n              46.48326472915561\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.80566406250001,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.95947265624999,\n              43.929549935614595\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.65185546875,\n              43.16512263158296\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.90478515625,\n              42.439674178149424\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.794921875,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.16845703125,\n              40.697299008636755\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.59716796875,\n              39.774769485295465\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.037109375,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75146484375,\n              35.51434313431818\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.88330078125,\n              34.74161249883172\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.89404296875,\n              34.56085936708384\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.20166015625,\n              34.687427949314845\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.13574218749999,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.87207031250001,\n              35.85343961959182\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.4873046875,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              37.56199695314352\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.77246093750001,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2119140625,\n              40.17887331434696\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.93701171874999,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.6181640625,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              45.07352060670971\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.93701171874999,\n              46.800059446787316\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54150390625,\n              48.07807894349862\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.62939453125001,\n              49.15296965617039\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.44335937499999,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2001","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, G. M.","contributorId":82653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, D. E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longcore, J.E.","contributorId":102852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023149,"text":"70023149 - 2001 - Ancient drainage basin of the Tharsis region, Mars: Potential source for outflow channel systems and putative oceans or paleolakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T18:06:44.713397","indexId":"70023149","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient drainage basin of the Tharsis region, Mars: Potential source for outflow channel systems and putative oceans or paleolakes","docAbstract":"<p>Paleotopographic reconstructions based on a synthesis of published geologic information and high-resolution topography, including topographic profiles, reveal the potential existence of an enormous drainage basin/aquifer system in the eastern part of the Tharsis region during the Noachian Period. Large topographic highs formed the margin of the gigantic drainage basin. Subsequently, lavas, sediments, and volatiles partly infilled the basin, resulting in an enormous and productive regional aquifer. The stacked sequences of water-bearing strata were then deformed locally and, in places, exposed by magmatic-driven uplifts, tectonic deformation, and erosion. This basin model provides a potential source of water necessary to carve the large outflow channel systems of the Tharsis and surrounding regions and to contribute to the formation of putative northern-plains ocean(s) and/or paleolakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001468","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dohm, J.M., Ferris, J., Baker, V., Anderson, R.C., Hare, T., Strom, R., Barlow, N., Tanaka, K.L., Klemaszewski, J., and Scott, D.H., 2001, Ancient drainage basin of the Tharsis region, Mars: Potential source for outflow channel systems and putative oceans or paleolakes: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E12, p. 32943-32958, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001468.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"32943","endPage":"32958","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":501043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/7973","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars, Tharsis Region","volume":"106","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf5e4b0c8380cd48fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, V.R.","contributorId":47079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, R. C.","contributorId":9755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Strom, R.G.","contributorId":45744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barlow, N.G.","contributorId":107466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Klemaszewski, J.E.","contributorId":88102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemaszewski","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Scott, D. H.","contributorId":73565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":1001744,"text":"1001744 - 2001 - Proximity of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, ranges to wolf Canis lupus, pack homesites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:27:54","indexId":"1001744","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proximity of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, ranges to wolf Canis lupus, pack homesites","docAbstract":"Seven adult female White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Minnesota lived within 1.8 km of Wolf pack (Canis lupus) homesites without vacating their home ranges. Six of these deer and at least three of their fawns survived through the Wolf homesite period.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M., and Mech, L., 2001, Proximity of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, ranges to wolf Canis lupus, pack homesites: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 114, p. 503-504.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"504","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479fe4b07f02db49308f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, M.E.","contributorId":102021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023237,"text":"70023237 - 2001 - Local site effects and dynamic soil behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023237","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local site effects and dynamic soil behavior","docAbstract":"Amplitudes of seismic waves increase significantly as they pass through soft soil layers near the earth's surface. This phenomenon, commonly known as site amplification, is a major factor influencing the extent of damage on structures. It is crucial that site amplification is accounted for when designing structures on soft soils. The characteristics of site amplification at a given site can be estimated by analytical models, as well as field tests. Analytical models require as inputs the geometry of all soil layers from surface to bedrock, their dynamic properties (e.g. density, wave velocity, damping), and the incident bedrock motions. Field tests involve recording and analyzing the dynamic response of sites to artificial excitations, ambient forces, and actual earthquakes. The most reliable estimates of site amplification are obtained by analyzing the recorded motions of the site during strong earthquakes. This paper presents a review of the types and the generating mechanisms of site amplification, and the models and methods that are used to characterize them from earthquake records. ?? 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(01)00021-5","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Afak, E., 2001, Local site effects and dynamic soil behavior: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 21, no. 5, p. 453-458, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(01)00021-5.","startPage":"453","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207616,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(01)00021-5"},{"id":232719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e5e4b0c8380cd681e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Afak, E.","contributorId":46729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023142,"text":"70023142 - 2001 - Antibody-producing cells correlated to body weight in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) acclimated to optimal and elevated temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T15:37:27","indexId":"70023142","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antibody-producing cells correlated to body weight in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) acclimated to optimal and elevated temperatures","docAbstract":"<p>The immune response of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) ranging in weight from approximately 10 to 55 g was compared when the fish were acclimated to either 13 or 21?? C. A haemolytic plaque assay was conducted to determine differences in the number of antibody-producing cells (APC) among fish of a similar age but different body weights. Regression analyses revealed significant increases in the number of APC with increasing body weight when fish were acclimated to either water temperature. These results emphasise the importance of standardising fish weight in immunological studies of salmonids before exploring the possible effects of acclimation temperatures. ?? 2001 Academic Press.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/fsim.2001.0342","issn":"10504648","usgsCitation":"Harrahy, L., Schreck, C., and Maule, A., 2001, Antibody-producing cells correlated to body weight in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) acclimated to optimal and elevated temperatures: Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 11, no. 8, p. 653-659, https://doi.org/10.1006/fsim.2001.0342.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"659","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fsim.2001.0342"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec60e4b0c8380cd49233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrahy, L.N.M.","contributorId":82502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrahy","given":"L.N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178281,"text":"70178281 - 2001 - Conservation status and recovery strategies for endemic Hawaiian birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T22:17:44.886543","indexId":"70178281","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation status and recovery strategies for endemic Hawaiian birds","docAbstract":"<p>Populations of endemic Hawaiian birds declined catastrophically following the colonization of the islands by Polynesians and later cultures. Extinction is still occurring, and recovery programs are urgently needed to prevent the disappearance of many other species. Programs to recover the endemic avifauna incorporate a variety of conceptual and practical approaches that are constrained by biological, financial, social, and legal factors. Avian recovery is difficult to implement in Hawai‘i because a variety of challenging biological factors limit bird populations. Hawaiian birds are threatened by alien predatory mammals, introduced mosquitoes that transmit diseases, alien invertebrate parasites and predators that reduce invertebrate food resources, and alien animals and plants that destroy and alter habitats. Life in the remote Hawaiian Archipelago has imposed other biological constraints to avian recovery, including limited geographical distributions and small population sizes. Recovery of the endemic avifauna is also challenging because resources are insufficient to mitigate the many complex, interacting factors that limit populations. Decisions must be made for allocating limited resources to species teetering on the brink of extinction and those in decline. If funds are spent primarily on saving the rarest species, more abundant species will decline and become more difficult to recover. However, critically rare species will disappear if efforts are directed mainly towards restoring species that are declining but not in immediate danger of becoming extinct. Determining priorities is difficult also because management is needed both to supplement bird populations and to restore habitats of many species. Rare species cannot respond quickly to management efforts intended only to improve habitat and reduce limiting factors. Recovery is slow, if it occurs at all, because years or decades are generally required for habitat rehabilitation and because small populations of birds initially increase slowly even when habitat conditions are favorable. Consequently, even as habitat conditions begin to improve, small populations may disappear unless they are supplemented directly. Hawaiian bird conservation is also affected by social and legal factors, including hunting alien game species, commercial land use practices, and lawsuits and policies concerning endangered species and critical habitat. Influenced by this mixture of conflicting and competing issues, Hawaiian bird recovery programs range from management of single species and some components of their habitats to limited forms of community or ecosystem management. Although the effectiveness of most programs is difficult to evaluate because of monitoring limitations, several programs exemplify species and community management. Programs primarily intended to recover single species include Hawaiian Goose or Nene (<i>Branta sandvicensis</i>), Hawaiian Crow or ‘Alala (<i>Corvus hawaiiensis</i>), and Palila (<i>Loxioides bailleui</i>). Programs attempting to manage entire communities of forest birds include Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge and Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park on Hawai‘i, and Waikamoi Preserve, Hanawi Natural Area Reserve, and Haleakala National Park on Maui. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., David, R.E., Jacobi, J.D., and Banko, W.E., 2001, Conservation status and recovery strategies for endemic Hawaiian birds: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 22, p. 359-376.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"376","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378786,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/139636"}],"country":"United 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