We compared the locations of healed attack marks of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus on live lake trout Salvelinus namaycush with those of unhealed attack marks on dead lake trout to determine if the lethality of a sea lamprey attack was related to attack location. Lake trout were collected from Lake Ontario, live fish with gill nets in September 1985 and dead fish with trawls in October 1983−1986. Attack location was characterized by the percent distances from snout to tail and from the ventral to the dorsal midline. Kolmogorov−Smirnov two-sample tests did not detect significant differences in the distribution of attack location along either the anteroposterior axis or the dorsoventral axis. When attack locations were grouped into six anatomical regions historically used to record sea lamprey attacks, dead fish did not exhibit a significantly higher proportion of attacks in the more anterior regions. Even if the differences in attack location on live and dead fish were significant, they were too small to imply substantial spatial differences in attack lethality that should be accounted for when modeling the effects of sea lampreys feeding on lake trout. We suggest that the tendency for sea lamprey attacks to occur on the anterior half of the fish is related to the lower amplitude of lateral body movement there during swimming and thus the lower likelihood of being dislodged.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0336:LOSLAO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bergstedt, R.A., Schneider, C.P., and O’Gorman, R., 2001, Lethality of sea lamprey attacks on lake trout in relation to location on the body surface: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 130, no. 2, p. 336-340, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0336:LOSLAO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"336","endPage":"340","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a519e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":310102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":7000067,"text":"7000067 - 2001 - Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, southwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"7000067","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, southwestern New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000067","usgsCitation":"Ratte, J.C., 2001, Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, southwestern New Mexico: General Interest Publication, Poster 24 by 32 inches (in color), https://doi.org/10.3133/7000067.","productDescription":"Poster 24 by 32 inches (in color)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":198030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratte, James C. jratte@usgs.gov","contributorId":875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratte","given":"James","email":"jratte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022706,"text":"70022706 - 2001 - Macroinvertebrate instream flow studies after 20 years: A role in stream management and restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:01:34","indexId":"70022706","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macroinvertebrate instream flow studies after 20 years: A role in stream management and restoration","docAbstract":"Over the past two decades of refinement and application of instream flow evaluations, we have examined the hydraulic habitat of aquatic macroinvertebrates in a variety of conditions, along with the role of these macroinvertebrates in sustaining ecosystem integrity. Instream flow analyses assume that predictable changes in channel flow characteristics can, in turn, be used to predict the change in the density or distribution of lotic species or, more appropriately, the availability of useable habitat for those species. Five major hydraulic conditions most affect the distribution and ecological success of lotic biota: suspended load, bedload movement, and water column effects, such as turbulence, velocity profile, and substratum interactions (near-bed hydraulics). The interactions of these hydraulic conditions upon the morphology and behavior of the individual organisms govern the distribution of aquatic biota. Historically, management decisions employing the Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) have focused upon prediction of available habitat for life stages of target fish species. Regulatory agencies have rarely included evaluation of benthos for flow reservations. Although ‘taxonomic discomfort’ may be cited for the reluctant use or creation of benthic criteria, we suggest that a basic misunderstanding of the links between benthic macroinvertebrate and the fish communities is still a problem. This is derived from the lack of a perceived ‘value’ that can be assigned to macroinvertebrate species. With the exception of endangered mussel species (for which PHABSIM analysis is probably inappropriate), this is understandable. However, it appears that there is a greater ability to predict macroinvertebrate distribution (that is, a response to the change in habitat quality or location) and diversity without complex population models. Also, habitat suitability criteria for water quality indicator taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; the so-called ‘EPTs’) may also provide additional management options to stream regulators. The greatest application for macroinvertebrate criteria will be in low-order streams where a more immediate link to fish communities can be established. We present an example from Queens Creek, in North Carolina, USA, in which monthly allocations required to preserve the integrity of the benthic macroinvertebrate community were significantly higher than for the target benthic fish species, Cottus bairdi. In the months when both Cottus and community diversity of macroinvertebrates were the ‘bottleneck’ life stages, preservation of only fish species could result in an additional 5–25% loss in macroinvertebrate habitat. We suggest that, as there becomes an increased emphasis on maintaining macroinvertebrates as monitors of stream health, there will be a concurrent emphasis on incorporating hydraulic habitat conditions as a part of bioassessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rrr.650","usgsCitation":"Gore, J.A., Layzer, J.B., and Mead, J., 2001, Macroinvertebrate instream flow studies after 20 years: A role in stream management and restoration: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 17, no. 4-5, p. 527-542, https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.650.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"542","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b1de4b0c8380cd692d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gore, James A.","contributorId":57458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gore","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Layzer, James B. jim_layzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layzer","given":"James","email":"jim_layzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":394608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mead, Jim","contributorId":198945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mead","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024068,"text":"70024068 - 2001 - Deformation across the Pacific-North America plate boundary near San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T18:32:26.920857","indexId":"70024068","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation across the Pacific-North America plate boundary near San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"We have detected a narrow zone of compression between the Coast Ranges and the Great Valley, and we have estimated slip rates for the San Andreas, Rodgers Creek, and Green Valley faults just north of San Francisco. These results are based on an analysis of campaign and continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected between 1992 and 2000 in central California. The zone of compression between the Coast Ranges and the Great Valley is 25 km wide. The observations clearly show 3.8±1.5 mm yr−1 of shortening over this narrow zone. The strike slip components are best fit by a model with 20.8±1.9 mm yr−1 slip on the San Andreas fault, 10.3±2.6 mm yr−1 on the Rodgers Creek fault, and 8.1±2.1 mm yr−1 on the Green Valley fault. The Pacific-Sierra Nevada-Great Valley motion totals 39.2±3.8 mm yr−1 across a zone that is 120 km wide (at the latitude of San Francisco). Standard deviations are one σ. The geodetic results suggest a higher than geologic rate for the Green Valley fault. The geodetic results also suggest an inconsistency between geologic estimates of the San Andreas rate and seismologic estimates of the depth of locking on the San Andreas fault. The only convergence observed is in the narrow zone along the border between the Great Valley and the Coast Ranges.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900397","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prescott, W., Savage, J., Svarc, J.L., and Manaker, D., 2001, Deformation across the Pacific-North America plate boundary near San Francisco, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B4, p. 6673-6682, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900397.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6673","endPage":"6682","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900397","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.50194741408102,\n 37.67164660132454\n ],\n [\n -122.19432430532152,\n 37.854040553062006\n ],\n [\n -121.83726176836872,\n 38.290810391134045\n ],\n [\n -122.02403294154425,\n 38.87908293844026\n ],\n [\n -122.35362840692957,\n 39.5176369757956\n ],\n [\n -122.49096015191151,\n 39.691163914365916\n ],\n [\n -123.94118337891973,\n 39.58540653898518\n ],\n [\n -124.37515169306235,\n 39.4837273736193\n ],\n [\n -124.18838051988712,\n 38.759244004698616\n ],\n [\n -123.52369487417569,\n 37.53661241704684\n ],\n [\n -122.50194741408102,\n 37.67164660132454\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe40e4b0c8380cd4ec08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manaker, D.","contributorId":7454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manaker","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022710,"text":"70022710 - 2001 - Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:18:02","indexId":"70022710","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies","title":"Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies","docAbstract":"Between 1987 and 1997, we chemically immobilized 597 wild sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Alaska for the collection of biological samples or for surgical instrumentation. One drug-related sea otter fatality occurred during this time. Fentanyl in combination with diazepam produced consistent, smooth inductions with minimal need for supplemental anesthetics during procedures lasting 30-40 min. Antagonism with naltrexone or naloxone was rapid and complete, although we observed narcotic recycling in sea otters treated with naloxone. For surgical procedures, we recommend a fentanyl target dose of 0.33 mg/kg of body mass and diazepam at 0.11 mg/kg. For nonsurgical biological sample collection procedures, we recommend fentanyl at 0.22 mg/kg and diazepam at 0.07 mg/kg. We advise the use of the opioid antagonist naltrexone at a ratio of 2:1 to the total fentanyl administered during processing.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0181:CAONSO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., McCormick, C., and Ballachey, B.E., 2001, Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 32, no. 2, p. 181-189, https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0181:CAONSO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"189","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f554e4b0c8380cd4c193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, C.","contributorId":10583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023292,"text":"70023292 - 2001 - An inexpensive method for quantifying incubation patterns of open-cup nesting birds, with data for black-throated Blue warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:16:20.377928","indexId":"70023292","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An inexpensive method for quantifying incubation patterns of open-cup nesting birds, with data for black-throated Blue warblers","docAbstract":"Quantifying incubation patterns has often involved long observation periods in the field, video cameras, or the use of other electronic devices that sometimes require the partial destruction of clutches and insertion of artificial eggs. In this study, we used an inexpensive, nondestructive method involving temperature probes combined with data loggers to examine the incubation rhythm of female Black-throated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens). The method provided detailed records of on–off patterns for females for selected 24-h periods during incubation. Female warblers spent an average (±SE) of 64.0% of daylight hours incubating in bouts lasting 20.5 ± 1.5 min and made 2.4 ± 0.1 departures from the nest/h on trips that lasted 10.6 ± 0.7 min. Incubation bouts were longer and females spent more time incubating per hour in the mornings and late afternoons than at mid-day. Older females had longer incubation bouts and tended to have shorter incubation periods than did yearling females, suggesting that experienced individuals were more effective incubators. Because of its ease of use and because nests with probes were not depredated at a higher rate than controls, we suggest that the temperature probe/data logger method is an efficient and effective way to quantify incubation rhythms for open-cup nesting birds.
","language":"French, English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-72.3.369","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Joyce, E.M., Sillett, T., and Holmes, R.T., 2001, An inexpensive method for quantifying incubation patterns of open-cup nesting birds, with data for black-throated Blue warblers: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 72, no. 3, p. 369-379, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-72.3.369.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"379","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea7be4b0c8380cd488b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joyce, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":76094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sillett, T. Scott","contributorId":80788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sillett","given":"T. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Richard T.","contributorId":45269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023747,"text":"70023747 - 2001 - Demonstration of significant abiotic iron isotope fractionation in nature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:03:00","indexId":"70023747","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demonstration of significant abiotic iron isotope fractionation in nature","docAbstract":"Field and laboratory studies reveal that the mineral ferrihydrite, formed as a result of abiotic oxidation of aqueous ferrous to ferric Fe, contains Fe that is isotopically heavy relative to coexisting aqueous Fe. Because the electron transfer step of the oxidation process at pH >5 is essentially irreversible and should favor the lighter Fe isotopes in the ferric iron product, this result suggests that relatively heavy Fe isotopes are preferentially partitioned into the readily oxidized Fe(II)(OH)x(aq) species or their transition complexes prior to oxidation. The apparent Fe isotope fractionation factor, αferrihydrite- water, depends primarily on the relative abundances of the Fe(II)(aq)species. This study demonstrates that abiotic processes can fractionate the Fe isotopes to the same extent as biotic processes, and thus Fe isotopes on their own do not provide an effective biosignature.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSW","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0699:DOSAII>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Bullen, T., White, A.F., Childs, C., Vivit, D., and Schultz, M., 2001, Demonstration of significant abiotic iron isotope fractionation in nature: Geology, v. 29, no. 8, p. 699-702, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0699:DOSAII>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"702","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe91e4b0c8380cd4edcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childs, C.W.","contributorId":82891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schultz, M.S.","contributorId":66023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023767,"text":"70023767 - 2001 - Effects of an agricultural drainwater bypass on fishes inhabiting the Grassland Water District and the lower San Joaquin River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:47:50","indexId":"70023767","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of an agricultural drainwater bypass on fishes inhabiting the Grassland Water District and the lower San Joaquin River, California","docAbstract":"The Grassland Bypass Project, which began operation in September 1996, was conceived as a means of diverting brackish selenium-contaminated agricultural drainwater away from canals and sloughs needed for transporting irrigation water to wetlands within the Grassland Water District (the Grasslands), Merced County, California. The seleniferous drainwater is now routed into the San Luis Drain for conveyance to North Mud Slough and eventual disposal in the San Joaquin River. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the Grassland Bypass Project has affected fishes in sloughs and other surface waters within and downstream from the Grasslands. During September-October 1997, 9,795 fish representing 25 species were captured at 13 sampling sites. Although several species exhibited restricted spatial distributions, association analysis and cluster analysis failed to identify more than one fish species assemblage inhabiting the various sites. However, seleniferous drainwater from the San Luis Drain has influenced selenium concentrations in whole fish within North Mud Slough and the San Joaquin River. The highest concentrations of selenium (12-23 ??g/g, dry weight basis) were measured in green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus from the San Luis Drain where seleniferous drainwater is most concentrated, whereas the second highest concentrations occurred in green sunfish (7.6-17 ??g/g) and bluegills Lepomis macrochirus (14-18 ??g/g) from North Mud Slough immediately downstream from the drain. Although there was some variation, fish in the San Joaquin River generally contained higher body burdens of selenium when captured immediately below the mouth of North Mud Slough (3.1-4.8 ??g/g for green sunfish, 3.7-5.0 ??g/g for bluegills) than when captured upstream from the mouth (0.67-3.3 ??g/g for green sunfish, 0.59-3.7 ??g/g for bluegills). Waterborne selenium was the single most important predictor of selenium concentrations in green sunfish and bluegills, as judged by results from multiple-regression analyses. Among bluegills, water temperature also contributed to the prediction of selenium body burdens.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0624:EOAADB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., Martin, B., Schwarzbach, S., and May, T., 2001, Effects of an agricultural drainwater bypass on fishes inhabiting the Grassland Water District and the lower San Joaquin River, California: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 624-635, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0624:EOAADB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"635","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479007,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0624:eoaadb>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0624:EOAADB>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.97595214843749,\n 37.33413244661209\n ],\n [\n -121.0089111328125,\n 37.31229085980303\n ],\n [\n -120.96084594726564,\n 37.1800139389017\n ],\n [\n -120.94161987304686,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -120.86334228515624,\n 37.10995544464346\n ],\n [\n -120.81802368164061,\n 37.09462150015557\n ],\n [\n -120.7672119140625,\n 37.14061402065652\n ],\n [\n -120.95535278320311,\n 37.33522435930641\n ],\n [\n -120.97595214843749,\n 37.33413244661209\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.76446533203125,\n 37.07928445197303\n ],\n [\n -120.80429077148436,\n 37.01022933958175\n ],\n [\n -120.79055786132812,\n 36.96964388918142\n ],\n [\n -120.68893432617188,\n 36.96415770803828\n ],\n [\n -120.65185546875,\n 36.99048777141416\n ],\n [\n -120.73699951171874,\n 37.07161476414343\n ],\n [\n -120.76446533203125,\n 37.07928445197303\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0688e4b0c8380cd512b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, B.A.","contributorId":91269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarzbach, S.E.","contributorId":32467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023745,"text":"70023745 - 2001 - Formation and use of coal combustion residues from three types of power plants burning Illinois coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023745","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation and use of coal combustion residues from three types of power plants burning Illinois coals","docAbstract":"Coal, ash, and limestone samples from a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) plant, a pulverized coal combustion (PC) plant, and a cyclone (CYC) plant in Illinois were analyzed to determine the combustion behavior of mineral matter, and to propose beneficial uses for the power plant ashes. Pyrite and marcasite in coal were converted during combustion to glass, hematite and magnetite. Calcite was converted to lime and anhydrite. The clay minerals were altered to mullite and glass. Quartz was partially altered to glass. Trace elements in coal were partially mobilized during combustion and, as a result, emitted into the atmosphere or adsorbed on fly ash or on hardware on the cool side of the power plants. Overall, the mobilities of 15 trace elements investigated were lower at the FBC plant than at the other plants. Only F and Mn at the FBC plant, F, Hg, and Se at the PC plant and Be, F, Hg, and Se at the CYC plant had over 50% of their concentrations mobilized. Se and Ge could be commercially recovered from some of the combustion ashes. The FBC ashes could be used as acid neutralizing agents in agriculture and waste treatment, and to produce sulfate fertilizers, gypsum wall boards, concrete, and cement. The PC and CYC fly ashes can potentially be used in the production of cement, concrete, ceramics, and zeolites. The PC and CYC bottom ashes could be used in stabilized road bases, as frits in roof shingles, and perhaps in manufacturing amber glass. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fuel","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00028-X","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Demir, I., Hughes, R., and DeMaris, P., 2001, Formation and use of coal combustion residues from three types of power plants burning Illinois coals: Fuel, v. 80, no. 11, p. 1659-1673, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00028-X.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1673","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207567,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00028-X"},{"id":232625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a134ae4b0c8380cd545c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demir, I.","contributorId":93214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demir","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, R.E.","contributorId":84497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeMaris, P.J.","contributorId":56808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMaris","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023742,"text":"70023742 - 2001 - Subspecific affinity of black bears in the White River National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T18:39:10.951807","indexId":"70023742","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subspecific affinity of black bears in the White River National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"The black bear population of the White River National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is adjacent to populations of black bear in Louisiana (Urusus americanus luteolus) which are listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Wildlife management plans can pose restrictions on bear harvests and timber extraction; therefore the management plan for the White River NWR is sensitive to subspecific classification of its bear population. The objective of this study was to analyze genetic variation in the White River NWR and seven adjacent populations of black bears to assess the subspecific affinity of the White River NWR population. Here we report the variation at seven microsatellite DNA loci among eight black bear populations. The patterns of genetic variation gave strong support for distinguishing a southern group of black bears comprised of the White River, Arkansas; Tensas River, Louisiana; Upper Atchafalaya, Louisiana; Lower Atchafalaya, Louisiana; and Alabama/Mississippi populations. Phylogenetic analysis of individual variation suggested that historical black bear introductions into Arkansas and Louisiana affected gene pools of certain southern receiving populations, but did not significantly change interpopulation relatedness. Phylogenetic inferences at both the population and individual levels support the hypothesis that the White River NWR population of black bears belongs to the U. a. luteolus subspecies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jhered/92.3.226","issn":"00221503","usgsCitation":"Warrillow, J., Culver, M., Hallerman, E., and Vaughan, M., 2001, Subspecific affinity of black bears in the White River National Wildlife Refuge: Journal of Heredity, v. 92, no. 3, p. 226-233, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/92.3.226.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"233","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.15856429194967,\n 33.97668230543404\n ],\n [\n -91.10191603755467,\n 33.97668230543404\n ],\n [\n -91.10122939204693,\n 34.004009646378194\n ],\n [\n -91.08921309566031,\n 34.004009646378194\n ],\n [\n -91.08577986812155,\n 34.01112469897815\n ],\n [\n -91.07857009028919,\n 34.01937741311383\n ],\n [\n -91.07925673579693,\n 34.042423847172145\n ],\n [\n -91.07342024898072,\n 34.056078038946765\n ],\n [\n -91.07616683101173,\n 34.061482215695904\n ],\n [\n -91.07342024898072,\n 34.07399582829058\n ],\n [\n -91.05934401607021,\n 34.09418435088456\n ],\n [\n -91.05865737056246,\n 34.102428982516926\n ],\n [\n -91.06312056636317,\n 34.10811446738016\n ],\n [\n -91.06655379390254,\n 34.11639738019795\n ],\n [\n -91.0672404394103,\n 34.12805028839665\n ],\n [\n -91.0699870214413,\n 34.134018229166216\n ],\n [\n -91.07239028071876,\n 34.15447654112363\n ],\n [\n -91.07101698970325,\n 34.16129487745552\n ],\n [\n -91.07307692622652,\n 34.16896484771078\n ],\n [\n -91.0723902807194,\n 34.1762472150279\n ],\n [\n -91.07101698970389,\n 34.183063793040475\n ],\n [\n -91.07067366695034,\n 34.1935716051012\n ],\n [\n -91.06827040767287,\n 34.20038678319766\n ],\n [\n -91.06895705318063,\n 34.20862105507655\n ],\n [\n -91.06689711665675,\n 34.21174418915828\n ],\n [\n -91.06003066157922,\n 34.21401548670286\n ],\n [\n -91.05900069331727,\n 34.21912568233924\n ],\n [\n -91.06415053462572,\n 34.22423556802619\n ],\n [\n -91.06621047114899,\n 34.23104826676068\n ],\n [\n -91.06449385737993,\n 34.23615742914747\n ],\n [\n -91.04874574773034,\n 34.31310677748406\n ],\n [\n -90.97129277554187,\n 34.32029759554007\n ],\n [\n -90.97443788257888,\n 34.42231866057896\n ],\n [\n -91.0749092026321,\n 34.423529460465545\n ],\n [\n -91.0885721722281,\n 34.427739974686105\n ],\n [\n -91.09965998969989,\n 34.44153510547484\n ],\n [\n -91.10234987857851,\n 34.45574929821386\n ],\n [\n -91.11747252936824,\n 34.46544161885969\n ],\n [\n -91.11740667040324,\n 34.478596433198106\n ],\n [\n -91.1486686544657,\n 34.491534737306736\n ],\n [\n -91.16464334032491,\n 34.49332002012047\n ],\n [\n -91.18143713177014,\n 34.49421658790217\n ],\n [\n -91.19986913438935,\n 34.42540591715133\n ],\n [\n -91.1945140231529,\n 34.406469046193166\n ],\n [\n -91.18055617633621,\n 34.39358104817146\n ],\n [\n -91.1656309800801,\n 34.39102903618465\n ],\n [\n -91.16392666521648,\n 34.374295237705\n ],\n [\n -91.14644499666498,\n 34.36672818188803\n ],\n [\n -91.150453151691,\n 34.31490923265838\n ],\n [\n -91.12707575974963,\n 34.28185770392013\n ],\n [\n -91.15285125288526,\n 34.26851215433601\n ],\n [\n -91.16543074702845,\n 34.236441262412555\n ],\n [\n -91.16543074702845,\n 34.20805320008169\n ],\n [\n -91.16783400630528,\n 34.20805320008169\n ],\n [\n -91.16749068355172,\n 34.17283871950761\n ],\n [\n -91.17779036616864,\n 34.17283871950761\n ],\n [\n -91.17779036616864,\n 34.154941859576965\n ],\n [\n -91.185000144001,\n 34.15522596635029\n ],\n [\n -91.20216628169608,\n 34.13078929081611\n ],\n [\n -91.21349593257494,\n 34.12737896026971\n ],\n [\n -91.21349593257494,\n 34.11913676013167\n ],\n [\n -91.22139235591506,\n 34.118852532003444\n ],\n [\n -91.21898909663761,\n 34.02415945900549\n ],\n [\n -91.19770308589537,\n 34.02074483249588\n ],\n [\n -91.19426985835597,\n 34.022167610236835\n ],\n [\n -91.18568678950875,\n 34.02074483249588\n ],\n [\n -91.1880900487862,\n 34.017614637515294\n ],\n [\n -91.18259688472355,\n 34.01562263515561\n ],\n [\n -91.17195387935243,\n 34.015053483038926\n ],\n [\n -91.1644007787665,\n 34.00509270336285\n ],\n [\n -91.1582209691961,\n 33.990007012827604\n ],\n [\n -91.1609675512271,\n 33.98232081982228\n ],\n [\n -91.15856429194967,\n 33.97668230543404\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d57e4b08c986b31d7b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrillow, J.","contributorId":55609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrillow","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culver, M.","contributorId":92462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hallerman, E.","contributorId":52749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallerman","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughan, M.","contributorId":77703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023748,"text":"70023748 - 2001 - International collaboration: The cornerstone of satellite land remote sensing in the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:46:35","indexId":"70023748","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3453,"text":"Space Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"International collaboration: The cornerstone of satellite land remote sensing in the 21st century","docAbstract":"Satellite land remotely sensed data are used by scientists and resource managers world-wide to study similar multidisciplinary earth science problems. Most of their information requirements can be met by a small number of satellite sensor types. Moderate-resolution resource satellites and low-resolution environmental satellites are the most prominent of these, and they are the focus of this paper. Building, launching, and operating satellite systems are very expensive endeavors. Consequently, nations should change the current pattern of independently launching and operating similar, largely redundant resource and environmental satellite systems in favor of true and full collaboration in developing, launching, operating, and sharing the data from such systems of the future. The past decade has seen encouraging signs of increasing international collaboration in earth remote sensing, but full collaboration has not yet been attempted. A general strategy to achieve such international collaboration is presented here, including discussion of potential obstacles, ideas for organizing and overseeing the long-term process toward collaboration, and short-term objectives whereby early successes critical to accomplishing long-term goals can be achieved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0265-9646(01)00030-3","issn":"02659646","usgsCitation":"Bailey, G.B., Lauer, D.T., and Carneggie, D.M., 2001, International collaboration: The cornerstone of satellite land remote sensing in the 21st century: Space Policy, v. 17, no. 3, p. 161-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-9646(01)00030-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-9646(01)00030-3"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d38e4b0c8380cd633c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, G. Bryan","contributorId":22689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lauer, Donald T.","contributorId":32211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carneggie, David M.","contributorId":62758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carneggie","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023744,"text":"70023744 - 2001 - Performance of a proposed determinative method for p-TSA in rainbow trout fillet tissue and bridging the proposed method with a method for total chloramine-T residues in rainbow trout fillet tissue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-25T17:46:51.990239","indexId":"70023744","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2143,"text":"Journal of AOAC International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of a proposed determinative method for p-TSA in rainbow trout fillet tissue and bridging the proposed method with a method for total chloramine-T residues in rainbow trout fillet tissue","docAbstract":"Chloramine-T is an effective drug for controlling fish mortality caused by bacterial gill disease. As part of the data required for approval of chloramine-T use in aquaculture, depletion of the chloramine-T marker residue (para-toluenesulfonamide; p-TSA) from edible fillet tissue of fish must be characterized. Declaration of p-TSA as the marker residue for chloramine-T in rainbow trout was based on total residue depletion studies using a method that used time consuming and cumbersome techniques. A simple and robust method recently developed is being proposed as a determinative method for p-TSA in fish fillet tissue. The proposed determinative method was evaluated by comparing accuracy and precision data with U.S. Food and Drug Administration criteria and by bridging the method to the former method for chloramine-T residues. The method accuracy and precision fulfilled the criteria for determinative methods; accuracy was 92.6, 93.4, and 94.6% with samples fortified at 0.5X, 1X, and 2X the expected 1000 ng/g tolerance limit for p-TSA, respectively. Method precision with tissue containing incurred p-TSA at a nominal concentration of 1000 ng/g ranged from 0.80 to 8.4%. The proposed determinative method was successfully bridged with the former method. The concentrations of p-TSA developed with the proposed method were not statistically different at p < 0.05 from p-TSA concentrations developed with the former method.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists International","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/84.5.1332","issn":"10603271","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J., Stehly, G., Gingerich, W., and Greseth, S.L., 2001, Performance of a proposed determinative method for p-TSA in rainbow trout fillet tissue and bridging the proposed method with a method for total chloramine-T residues in rainbow trout fillet tissue: Journal of AOAC International, v. 84, no. 5, p. 1332-1336, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.5.1332.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1332","endPage":"1336","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.5.1332","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7684e4b0c8380cd78163","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, J.R. 0000-0002-8855-2648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":16786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehly, G. R.","contributorId":34081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greseth, Shari L.","contributorId":105681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greseth","given":"Shari","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1017433,"text":"1017433 - 2001 - Choosing the \"correct\" bat detector - A reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:35","indexId":"1017433","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":629,"text":"Acta Chiropterologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Choosing the \"correct\" bat detector - A reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Chiropterologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Corben, C., and Fellers, G.M., 2001, Choosing the \"correct\" bat detector - A reply: Acta Chiropterologica, v. 3, no. 2, p. 253-256.","productDescription":"p. 253-256","startPage":"253","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e23f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corben, Chris","contributorId":102430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corben","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023773,"text":"70023773 - 2001 - Sulfate minerals: Crystallography, geochemistry and environmental significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T18:41:34.494153","indexId":"70023773","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfate minerals: Crystallography, geochemistry and environmental significance","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","doi":"10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1749","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G., 2001, Sulfate minerals: Crystallography, geochemistry and environmental significance: Economic Geology, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1749-1750, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1749.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1749","endPage":"1750","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc1e4b08c986b31da5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023746,"text":"70023746 - 2001 - Accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant dietary concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T10:26:33","indexId":"70023746","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant dietary concentrations","docAbstract":"Rainbow trout were fed a diet containing 1.8, 18, or 90 pg/g 3H-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for up to 320 d. Concentrations of TCDD were determined in muscle, liver, and ovaries at 100, 150, 200, and 250 d. Concentrations of TCDD reached an apparent steady-state concentration in liver after 100 d of exposure, whereas concentrations in other tissues continued to increase until 150 d of exposure. The greatest portion of the total mass of TCDD was present in the muscle tissue with lesser proportions in other organs. As the ovaries developed before spawning, an increase occurred in the total mass of TCDD present in this tissue. The assimilation rate of TCDD during the initial 100 d of the exposure was determined to be between 10 and 30%. This is somewhat less than estimates derived based on both uptake and elimination constants determined during shorter exposures. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) were estimated for all tissues and exposure concentrations, and at all exposure periods. Lipid-normalized BMFs for muscle ranged from 0.38 to 1.51, which is consistent with the value of 1.0 predicted from fugacity theory. Uptake and depuration rate constants were determined and used to predict individual organ TCDD concentrations. Comparison with observed values indicated that the model could be used to predict tissue concentrations from the known concentrations of TCDD in food. This model will allow more refined risk assessments by predicting TCDD concentrations in sensitive tissues such as developing eggs.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620200215","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.D., Kannan, K., Newsted, J.L., Tillitt, D.E., Williams, L.L., and Giesy, J.P., 2001, Accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant dietary concentrations: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 344-350, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200215.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e67ee4b0c8380cd47442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Paul D.","contributorId":175332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kannan, Kurunthachalam","contributorId":42861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kannan","given":"Kurunthachalam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newsted, John L.","contributorId":175333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newsted","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Lisa L.","contributorId":172543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70024043,"text":"70024043 - 2001 - The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70024043","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers","docAbstract":"Estimating the annual mass flux at a network of fixed stations is one approach to characterizing water quality of large rivers. The interpretive context provided by annual flux includes identifying source and sink areas for constituents and estimating the loadings to receiving waters, such as reservoirs or the ocean. Since 1995, the US Geological Survey's National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) has employed this approach at a network of 39 stations in four of the largest river basins of the USA: The Mississippi, the Columbia, the Colorado and the Rio Grande. In this paper, the design of NASQAN is described and its effectiveness at characterizing the water quality of these rivers is evaluated using data from the first 3 years of operation. A broad range of constituents was measured by NASQAN, including trace organic and inorganic chemicals, major ions, sediment and nutrients. Where possible, a regression model relating concentration to discharge and season was used to interpolate between chemical observations for flux estimation. For water-quality network design, the most important finding from NASQAN was the importance of having a specific objective (that is, estimating annual mass flux) and, from that, an explicitly stated data analysis strategy, namely the use of regression models to interpolate between observations. The use of such models aided in the design of sampling strategy and provided a context for data review. The regression models essentially form null hypotheses for concentration variation that can be evaluated by the observed data. The feedback between network operation and data collection established by the hypothesis tests places the water-quality network on a firm scientific footing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.205","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., Aulenbach, B., and Kelly, V., 2001, The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1089-1106, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.205.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1106","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207041,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.205"},{"id":231600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badfbe4b08c986b323e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, V.J.","contributorId":14009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000861,"text":"1000861 - 2001 - Biological structure and dynamics of littoral fish assemblages in the eastern Finger Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T11:58:17","indexId":"1000861","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological structure and dynamics of littoral fish assemblages in the eastern Finger Lakes","docAbstract":"Fish assemblages from three of the New York Finger Lakes were examined for structure within and between lakes and over time. Species-area relationships indicated that local fish assemblages are the result of recent, lake-specific events that altered the regional species pool. Fish assemblages varied among seasons and those occupying eutrophic waters had different characteristics from those in oligotrophic waters. Bluntnose minnows (Pimephales notatus) were a persistent and important component of most assemblages, but abundance of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was the most distinguishing feature. Species associations indicated that interactions among the fishes had little influence on assemblage structure. Correlations between community structure and abiotic factors were identified. Ten abiotic variables were strongly associated with the species assemblages, but could not fully explain differences between assemblages. Results indicate that the abundance and diversity of water column feeders was related to productivity of lake habitat. In general, fish populations were smaller in oligotrophic waters and water column feeders were poorly represented in those assemblages. Productivity at various trophic levels was implicated as a major factor determining lake fish assemblage structure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/146349801753569306","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., 2001, Biological structure and dynamics of littoral fish assemblages in the eastern Finger Lakes: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 4, no. 1, p. 91-114, https://doi.org/10.1080/146349801753569306.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Finger Lakes","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6234ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":56992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024042,"text":"70024042 - 2001 - Pathogenicity, serological responses, and diagnosis of experimental and natural malarial infections in native Hawaiian thrushes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T13:37:35.485642","indexId":"70024042","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogenicity, serological responses, and diagnosis of experimental and natural malarial infections in native Hawaiian thrushes","docAbstract":"Omao (Myadestes obscurus) from the Hawaiian Islands typically have very low prevalences of infection with avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) and it is not clear whether they share the same high susceptibility to this parasite that has been documented in native Hawaiian honeycreepers. We exposed four captive Omao to single infective mosquito bites and measured parasitemia, serological responses, and mortality over time. All four birds experienced transient infections with low parasitemias and were immune when rechallenged with multiple infective mosquito bites. By contrast, three of four honeycreepers (Maui Alauahio, Paroreomyza montana) that were exposed to the same dose and parasite isolate succumbed to infection. All four Omao developed antibodies to a common suite of malarial antigens that were detectable on immunoblots of a crude red blood cell extract of P. relictum. We used this technique to screen plasma samples from wild Omao and endangered Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri) that were captured at elevations between 900 and 1300 m on the islands of Hawaii and Kauai. We found that the true prevalence of infection at elevations where active malaria transmission occurs is much higher than estimates based on blood smears alone. Hawaiian thrushes appear to have a high tolerance for malaria, with most individuals developing chronic, low-level infections after exposure that cannot be diagnosed accurately by blood smears.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/103.2.209","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, C.T., Lease, J.K., Drake, B.M., and Shema, N., 2001, Pathogenicity, serological responses, and diagnosis of experimental and natural malarial infections in native Hawaiian thrushes: Condor, v. 103, no. 2, p. 209-218, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.2.209.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.2.209","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii, Kauai","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.09375,\n 19.02577027586866\n ],\n [\n -154.9072265625,\n 19.02577027586866\n ],\n [\n -154.9072265625,\n 20.287961155077717\n ],\n [\n -156.09375,\n 20.287961155077717\n ],\n [\n -156.09375,\n 19.02577027586866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.80163574218747,\n 21.861498734372567\n ],\n [\n -159.2742919921875,\n 21.861498734372567\n ],\n [\n -159.2742919921875,\n 22.243344409235693\n ],\n [\n -159.80163574218747,\n 22.243344409235693\n ],\n [\n -159.80163574218747,\n 21.861498734372567\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a759ee4b0c8380cd77c53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lease, Julie K.","contributorId":176796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lease","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, B. M.","contributorId":18087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shema, N. P.","contributorId":59984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shema","given":"N. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024037,"text":"70024037 - 2001 - Linking hyporheic flow and nitrogen cycling near the Willamette River: A large river in Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:55:55","indexId":"70024037","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking hyporheic flow and nitrogen cycling near the Willamette River: A large river in Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Several approaches were used to characterize ground water/surface water interactions near the Willamette River - A large (ninth order) river in Oregon, USA. A series of potentiometric surface maps demonstrated the presence of highly dynamic hydraulic gradients between rivers and the adjacent aquifer. Hyporheic zone gradients extended on the order of hundreds of meters. River gains and losses at the river stretch scale (tens of kilometers) were consistent with fluxes implied by the potentiometric surface maps, and apparently reflect regional ground water/surface water interactions. Gains and losses of up to 5-10% of streamflow were observed at this scale. On the river reach scale (1-2 km), gains and losses on the order of 5% of streamflow were interpreted as representing primarily local hyporheic exchange. Isotopic and chemical data collected from shallow hyporheic zone wells demonstrated interaction between regional ground water and river water. The origin of sampled hyporheic zone water ranged from a mixture dominated by regional ground water to water containing 100% river water. The common assumption that ground and river water mix primarily in the river channel is not applicable in this system. Isotopic and chemical data also indicated that significant (nearly complete) vegetative nitrate uptake and/or nitrate reduction occurred in water from 4 of 12 hyporheic zone sites. In these cases, it was primarily nitrate transported to the hyporheic zone in regional ground water that was removed from solution. Isotopes of water and nitrate indicated that hyporheic zone water sampled at two sites was composed of water originating as river water and demonstrated that significant vegetative nitrate uptake and nitrate reduction occurred along these hyporheic zone flowpaths. Thus, the hyporheic zone may, in some instances, serve to remove nitrate from river water. Additional investigations with chemical tools and microbial enzyme assays were conducted at one hyporheic site. A strong vertical redox gradient was observed, with nitrate-limited denitrification potential in deeper sediment and both nitrification and denitrification potential in shallower sediment. Since nitrogen cycling is strongly affected by redox conditions, nitrogen cycling in the hyporheic zone of this large-river system likely is affected by dynamics of ground water/surface water interactions that control fluxes of nitrogen and other redox species to hyporheic zone sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00335-3","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S., Duff, J., Triska, F., Laenen, A., Gates, E., Bencala, K., Wentz, D., and Silva, S.R., 2001, Linking hyporheic flow and nitrogen cycling near the Willamette River: A large river in Oregon, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 244, no. 3-4, p. 157-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00335-3.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"180","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206997,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00335-3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 43.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"244","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47d4e4b0c8380cd679e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, S.R.","contributorId":74778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laenen, A.","contributorId":92827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gates, E.B.","contributorId":24955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wentz, D.A.","contributorId":85206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70024035,"text":"70024035 - 2001 - Experimental observations of pressure oscillations and flow regimes in an analogue volcanic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T18:23:02.915833","indexId":"70024035","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental observations of pressure oscillations and flow regimes in an analogue volcanic system","docAbstract":"Gas-liquid flows, designed to be analogous to those in volcanic conduits, are generated in the laboratory using organic gas-gum rosin mixtures expanding in a vertically mounted tube. The expanding fluid shows a range of both flow and pressure oscillation behaviors. Weakly supersaturated source liquids produce a low Reynolds number flow with foam expanding from the top surface of a liquid that exhibits zero fluid velocity at the tube wall; i.e., the conventional \"no-slip\" boundary condition. Pressure oscillations, often with strong long-period characteristics and consistent with longitudinal and radial resonant oscillation modes, are detected in these fluids. Strongly supersaturated source liquids generate more energetic flows that display a number of flow regimes. These regimes include a static liquid source, viscous flow, detached flow (comprising gas-pockets-at-wall and foam-in-gas annular flow, therefore demonstrating strong radial heterogeneity), and a fully turbulent transonic fragmented or mist flow. Each of these flow regimes displays characteristic pressure oscillations that can be related to resonance of flow features or wall impact phenomena. The pressure oscillations are produced by the degassing processes without the need of elastic coupling to the confining medium or flow restrictors and valvelike features. The oscillatory behavior of the experimental flows is compared to seismoacoustic data from a range of volcanoes where resonant oscillation of the fluid within the conduit is also often invoked as controlling the observed oscillation frequencies. On the basis of the experimental data we postulate on the nature of seismic signals that may be measured during large-scale explosive activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900376","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lane, S., Chouet, B., Phillips, J., Dawson, P., Ryan, G., and Hurst, E., 2001, Experimental observations of pressure oscillations and flow regimes in an analogue volcanic system: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B4, p. 6461-6476, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900376.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6461","endPage":"6476","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478866,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900376","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dd9e4b0c8380cd53212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, S.J.","contributorId":28771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, J.C.","contributorId":69329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, G.A.","contributorId":82089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hurst, E.","contributorId":36711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurst","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1000859,"text":"1000859 - 2001 - Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of fringing wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T17:01:09.239088","indexId":"1000859","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2097,"text":"Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie Verhandlungen","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of fringing wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Fringing wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes are subject to natural processes, such as water-level fluctuation and wave-induced erosion, and to human alterations. In order to evaluate the quality of these wetlands over space and time, biological communities are often examined. This paper reports on the use of adult caddisflies to evaluate fringing wetlands of Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, and Lake Superior.","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","doi":"10.1080/03680770.1998.11902462","usgsCitation":"Armitage, B.J., Hudson, P.L., and Wilcox, D.A., 2001, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of fringing wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes: Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie Verhandlungen, v. 27, no. 6, p. 3420-3424, https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11902462.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3420","endPage":"3424","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11902462","text":"External Repository"},{"id":128760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ontario, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 41.45919537950706\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -86.41845703124999,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -86.11083984375,\n 42.56926437219384\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -86.396484375,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -86.33056640625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -86.30859375,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -85.80322265625,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -85.67138671875,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -85.20996093749999,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -84.74853515625,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 44.41808794374846\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -84.00146484374999,\n 44.040218713142146\n ],\n [\n -84.08935546875,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 43.97700467496408\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -82.63916015625,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -82.37548828125,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -81.5185546875,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -81.5185546875,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -81.18896484375,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 44.41808794374846\n ],\n [\n -79.73876953125,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -79.56298828125,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 46.483264729155586\n ],\n [\n -84.39697265625,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 46.93526088057719\n ],\n [\n -84.638671875,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -84.462890625,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -84.8583984375,\n 47.66538735632654\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 48.04870994288686\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -86.0888671875,\n 48.38544219115483\n ],\n [\n -86.28662109375,\n 48.86471476180277\n ],\n [\n -87.275390625,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 49.13859653703879\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -89.58251953125,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 47.35371061951363\n ],\n [\n -92.35107421874999,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -92.08740234375,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -88.57177734375,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -88.61572265625,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 46.78501604269254\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 46.40756396630067\n ],\n [\n -86.572265625,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -86.0009765625,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -85.20996093749999,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -85.18798828125,\n 46.40756396630067\n ],\n [\n -84.4189453125,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -84.1552734375,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -85.36376953125,\n 46.210249600187225\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -87.2314453125,\n 45.874712248904764\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -88.17626953125,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 44.91813929958515\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 43.18114705939968\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 42.114523952464246\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 41.45919537950706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810f939e4b0f497e797e4b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armitage, Brian J.","contributorId":59747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armitage","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016195,"text":"1016195 - 2001 - Breeding bird response to juniper woodland expansion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T14:01:00","indexId":"1016195","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding bird response to juniper woodland expansion","docAbstract":"In recent times, pinyon (Pinus spp.)-juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands have expanded into large portions of the Southwest historically occupied by grassland vegetation. From 1997-1998, we studied responses of breeding birds to one-seed juniper (J. monosperma) woodland expansion at 2 grassland study areas in northern Arizona. We sampled breeding birds in 3 successional stages along a grassland-woodland gradient: un-invaded grassland, grassland undergoing early stages of juniper establishment, and developing woodland. Species composition varied greatly among successional stages and was most different between endpoints of the gradient. Ground-nesting grassland species predominated in uninvaded grassland but declined dramatically as tree density increased. Tree- and cavity-nesting species increased with tree density and were most abundant in developing woodland. Restoration of juniper-invaded grasslands will benefit grassland-obligate birds and other wildlife.
Soil aggregate stability is widely recognized as a key indicator of soil quality and rangeland health. However, few standard methods exist for quantifying soil stability in the field. A stability kit is described which can be inexpensively and easily assembled with minimal tools. It permits up to 18 samples to be evaluated in less than 10 min and eliminates the need for transportation, minimizing damage to soil structure. The kit consists of two 21×10.5×3.5 cm plastic boxes divided into eighteen 3.5×3.5 cm sections, eighteen 2.5-cm diameter sieves with 1.5-mm distance openings and a small spatula used for soil sampling. Soil samples are rated on a scale from one to six based on a combination of ocular observations of slaking during the first 5 min following immersion in distilled water, and the percent remaining on a 1.5-mm sieve after five dipping cycles at the end of the 5-min period. A laboratory comparison yielded a correlation between the stability class and percent aggregate stability based on oven dry weight remaining after treatment using a mechanical sieve. We have applied the method in a wide variety of agricultural and natural ecosystems throughout western North America, including northern Mexico, and have found that it is highly sensitive to differences in management and plant community composition. Although the field kit cannot replace the careful laboratory-based measurements of soil aggregate stability, it can clearly provide valuable information when these more intensive procedures are not possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00173-9","usgsCitation":"Herrick, J.E., Whitford, W.G., de Soyza, A.G., Van Zee, J.W., Havstad, K., Seybold, C.A., and Walton, M., 2001, Field soil aggregate stability kit for soil quality and rangeland health evaluations: Catena, v. 44, no. 1, p. 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00173-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8a2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrick, J. E.","contributorId":84709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitford, W. G.","contributorId":25532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitford","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Soyza, A. G.","contributorId":14364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Soyza","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Zee, J. W.","contributorId":61012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Zee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Havstad, K. M.","contributorId":60587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havstad","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Seybold, C. A.","contributorId":12824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seybold","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walton, M.","contributorId":36096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}