{"pageNumber":"3125","pageRowStart":"78100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184858,"records":[{"id":70023794,"text":"70023794 - 2001 - Short-term variability and long-term change in the composition of the littoral zone fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T14:00:04.332819","indexId":"70023794","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term variability and long-term change in the composition of the littoral zone fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p><span>We assessed short-term variability and long-term change in the composition of the littoral fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa. Fish were sampled in several locations at night with large beach seines during spring, summer and fall of 1995–1998. Long-term changes were inferred from comparison with a similar study conducted over 70 y earlier in Spirit Lake. We found 26 species in the littoral zone. The number of species per sample ranged from 4 to 18, averaging 11.8. The average number of species per sample was higher at stations with greater vegetation density. A distinct seasonal pattern was evident in the number of species collected per sample in most years, increasing steadily from spring to fall. Patterns of variability within our 1995–1998 study period suggest that: (1) numerous samples are necessary to adequately characterize a littoral fish community, (2) sampling should be done when vegetation and young-of-year densities are highest and (3) sampling during a single year is inadequate to reveal the full community. The number of native species has declined by approximately 25% over the last 70 y. A coincident decline in littoral vegetation and associated habitat changes during the same period are likely causes of the long-term community change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2001)146[0290:STVALT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pierce, C., Sexton, M.D., Pelham, M.E., and Larscheid, J.G., 2001, Short-term variability and long-term change in the composition of the littoral zone fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa: American Midland Naturalist, v. 146, no. 2, p. 290-299, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2001)146[0290:STVALT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/117","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Spirit Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.16769409179688,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.03585815429688,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.03585815429688,\n              43.50274467820439\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.16769409179688,\n              43.50274467820439\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.16769409179688,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"146","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ec8e4b08c986b318b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Clay 0000-0001-5088-5431 cpierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":150492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexton, M. D.","contributorId":70262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pelham, M. E.","contributorId":9035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larscheid, J. G.","contributorId":11796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larscheid","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023792,"text":"70023792 - 2001 - Buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon implanted with two different size dummy transmitters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T16:30:05","indexId":"70023792","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon implanted with two different size dummy transmitters","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated the effect of two different sizes of surgically implanted transmitters on the buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. We determined buoyancy by measuring the density of fish with a filled air bladder in graded salinity baths. In addition, we examined the effect of pressure changes on buoyancy by measuring the pressure reduction (PR) at which fish became neutrally buoyant. We found no significant difference between the density of control and tagged groups, indicating that fish were able to compensate for the transmitter by filling their air bladders. However, both groups of tagged fish had significantly lower PR than control fish. Regression analysis of fish density on PR indicated that density of the tagged groups changed at a higher rate than that of the controls. As a result, tagged fish attained neutral buoyancy with less pressure reduction even though the tagged and control groups exhibited similar densities. This relation was confirmed by using Boyle's law to simulate buoyancy changes with change in depth. Although fish compensated for the transmitter, changes in depth affected the buoyancy of tagged fish more than that of untagged fish. Reduced buoyancy at depth may affect the behavior and physiology of tagged juvenile salmonids, and researchers should be aware of this potential bias in telemetry data. In addition, there was little difference in PR or the slope of the density - PR regression lines between tagged groups. This was caused by the small difference in excess mass (i.e., weight in water) of the two transmitters. Thus, although two transmitters may not weigh the same, their effects on buoyancy may be similar depending on the excess mass.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0046:BCOJCS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Perry, R., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2001, Buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon implanted with two different size dummy transmitters: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 130, no. 1, p. 46-52, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0046:BCOJCS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478903,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0046:bcojcs>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0046:BCOJCS>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"130","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2b3e4b0c8380cd4b2ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":93175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023758,"text":"70023758 - 2001 - Fungal symbiosis from mutualism to parasitism: who controls the outcome, host or invader?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T16:42:37","indexId":"70023758","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fungal symbiosis from mutualism to parasitism: who controls the outcome, host or invader?","docAbstract":"<p>Plant symbiotic fungi are generally thought to express a single lifestyle that might increase (mutualism), decrease (parasitism), or have no influence (commensalism) on host fitness. However, data are presented here demonstrating that plant pathogenic Colletotrichum species are able to asymptomatically colonize plants and express nonpathogenic lifestyles. Experiments were conducted in growth chambers and plant colonization was assessed by emergence of fungi from surface sterilized plant tissues. Expression of symbiotic lifestyles was assessed by monitoring the ability of fungi to confer disease resistance, drought tolerance and growth enhancement. Several pathogenic Colletotrichum species expressed either mutualistic or commensal lifestyles in plants not known to be hosts. Mutualists conferred disease resistance, drought tolerance, and/or growth enhancement to host plants. Lifestyle-altered mutants expressing nonpathogenic lifestyles had greater host ranges than the parental wildtype isolate. Successive colonization studies indicated that the ability of a symbiont to colonize a plant was dependent on previous colonization events and the lifestyles expressed by the initial colonizing fungus. The results indicate that the outcome of symbiosis is controlled by the plant's physiology. ?? New Phytologist.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00210.x","issn":"0028646X","usgsCitation":"Redman, R.S., Dunigan, D., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2001, Fungal symbiosis from mutualism to parasitism: who controls the outcome, host or invader?: New Phytologist, v. 151, no. 3, p. 705-716, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00210.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"716","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207331,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00210.x"}],"volume":"151","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a141ae4b0c8380cd548ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redman, R. S.","contributorId":26094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunigan, D.D.","contributorId":39548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunigan","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023756,"text":"70023756 - 2001 - The Meteoritical Bulletin, no. 85, 2001 September","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023756","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Meteoritical Bulletin, no. 85, 2001 September","docAbstract":"Meteoritical Bulletin No. 85 lists information for 1376 newly classified meteorites, comprising 658 from Antarctica, 409 from Africa, 265 from Asia (262 of which are from Oman), 31 from North America, 7 from South America, 3 from Australia, and 3 from Europe. Information is provided for 11 falls (Dergaon, Dunbogan, Gujba, Independence, Itqiy, Mora??vka, Oued el Hadjar, Sayama, Sologne, Valera, and Worden). Noteworthy non-Antarctic specimens include 5 martian meteorites (Dar al Gani 876, Northwest Africa 480 and 817, and Sayh al Uhaymir 051 and 094); 6 lunar meteorites (Dhofar 081, 280, and 287, and Northwest Africa 479, 482, and 773); an ungrouped enstatite-rich meteorite (Itqiy); a Bencubbin-like meteorite (Gujba); 9 iron meteorites; and a wide variety of other interesting stony meteorites, including CH, CK, CM, CO, CR, CV, R, enstatite, and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, primitive achondrites, HED achondrites, and ureilites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10869379","usgsCitation":"Grossman, J.N., and Zipfel, J., 2001, The Meteoritical Bulletin, no. 85, 2001 September: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 36, no. SUPPL TO ISSUE 9.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"SUPPL TO ISSUE 9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7e8e4b08c986b3218a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipfel, J.","contributorId":72107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipfel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023755,"text":"70023755 - 2001 - Overview of SAX99: Environmental considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023755","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1941,"text":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of SAX99: Environmental considerations","docAbstract":"A 1-km2 area located 2 km off the Florida Pan-handle (30??22.6???N; 86??38.7???W) was selected as the site to conduct high-frequency acoustic seafloor penetration, sediment propagation, and bottom scattering experiments [1]. Side scan, multibeam, and normal incidence chirp acoustic surveys as well as subsequent video surveys, diver observations, and vibra coring, indicate a uniform distribution of surficial and subbottom seafloor characteristics within the area. The site, in 18-19 m of water, is characterized by 1-2-m thick fine-to-medium clean sand and meets the logistic and scientific requirements specified for the acoustic experiments. This paper provides a preliminary summary of the meteorological, oceanographic, and seafloor conditions found during the experiments and describes the important physical and biological process that control the spatial distribution and temporal changes in these characteristics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/48.917921","issn":"03649059","usgsCitation":"Richardson, M.D., Briggs, K., Bibee, L., Jumars, P., Sawyer, W., Albert, D., Bennett, R., Berger, T., Buckingham, M., Chotiros, N., Dahl, P., DeWitt, N.T., Fleischer, P., Flood, R., Greenlaw, C.F., Holliday, D.V., Hulbert, M., Hutnak, M., Jackson, P., Jaffe, J., Johnson, H.P., Lavoie, D.L., Lyons, A., Martens, C., McGehee, D., Moore, K., Orsi, T., Piper, J., Ray, R., Reed, A., Self, R., Schmidt, J., Schock, S., Simonet, F., Stoll, R., Tang, D., Thistle, D., Thorsos, E., Walter, D., and Wheatcroft, R.A., 2001, Overview of SAX99: Environmental considerations: IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, v. 26, no. 1, p. 26-53, https://doi.org/10.1109/48.917921.","startPage":"26","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207311,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.917921"},{"id":232152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71e6e4b0c8380cd76811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, M. D.","contributorId":88094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, K.B.","contributorId":52368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bibee, L.D.","contributorId":50322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibee","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jumars, P.A.","contributorId":8644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jumars","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sawyer, W.B.","contributorId":67693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Albert, D.B.","contributorId":107467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bennett, R.H.","contributorId":34649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Berger, T.K.","contributorId":49143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buckingham, M.J.","contributorId":28772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckingham","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chotiros, N.P.","contributorId":86528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chotiros","given":"N.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dahl, P.H.","contributorId":76092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahl","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DeWitt, N. 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V.","contributorId":37112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holliday","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Hulbert, M.H.","contributorId":74543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulbert","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Hutnak, M.P.","contributorId":87719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutnak","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Jackson, P.D.","contributorId":29162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Jaffe, J.S.","contributorId":55607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Johnson, H. Paul","contributorId":99989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Lavoie, D. L.","contributorId":46640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Lyons, A.P.","contributorId":24132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Martens, C.S.","contributorId":42718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"McGehee, D.E.","contributorId":93246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGehee","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Moore, K.D.","contributorId":7877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Orsi, T.H.","contributorId":26852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orsi","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Piper, J.N.","contributorId":104249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Ray, R.I.","contributorId":86529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Reed, A.H.","contributorId":94818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Self, R.F.L.","contributorId":82090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self","given":"R.F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Schmidt, J.L.","contributorId":39978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Schock, S.G.","contributorId":12655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schock","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Simonet, F.","contributorId":102236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Stoll, R.D.","contributorId":106287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoll","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Tang, D.","contributorId":31135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Thistle, D.E.","contributorId":7457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thistle","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Thorsos, E.I.","contributorId":12656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsos","given":"E.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Walter, D.J.","contributorId":68498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Wheatcroft, R. A.","contributorId":76503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheatcroft","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40}]}}
,{"id":70023754,"text":"70023754 - 2001 - The effect of community composition on persistence of prey with their predators in an assemblage of pond-breeding amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023754","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of community composition on persistence of prey with their predators in an assemblage of pond-breeding amphibians","docAbstract":"We examined whether the species composition of a community influences the persistence of larval Ambystoma maculatum in assemblages composed of two larger intraguild predators (A. opacum and A. jeffersonianum) and an alternative prey species (tadpoles of Rana sylvatica). We predicted a priori that A. maculatum would have higher survival in more diverse communities containing alternative species of prey and top predators (A. opacum), the latter of which may lower the abundance of intermediate predators (A. jeffersonianum) via intraguild predation. In a factorial experiment, we manipulated the presence of larval A. opacum, A. jeffersonianum, and R. sylvatica in replicated artificial ponds containing larval A. maculatum. The presence of all three species significantly depressed biomass production in A. maculatum: biomass was highest in ponds lacking the other species and was zero in ponds initially containing all four species. Tadpoles severely reduced the growth of filamentous algae in the ponds. This, in turn, may have affected the abundance of some herbivorous prey of larval salamanders, although this possibility was not tested. The presence of congeneric predators severely restricted the presence in the water column of larval A. maculatum, which otherwise exhibited significant diel patterns of activity in the absence of predators. Together, the presence of tadpoles and a predator-mediated reduction in activity patterns may have limited foraging opportunities for A. maculatum, thus exacerbating the direct impact of predation on survival in this species. These results suggest that diverse assemblages consisting of these particular species may actually inhibit, rather than promote, inclusion of A. maculatum in some communities of pond-breeding amphibians.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s004420100636","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Walls, S., and Williams, M., 2001, The effect of community composition on persistence of prey with their predators in an assemblage of pond-breeding amphibians: Oecologia, v. 128, no. 1, p. 134-141, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100636.","startPage":"134","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420100636"},{"id":232151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab1be4b08c986b322c1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walls, S.C. 0000-0001-7391-9155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":98273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, M.C.","contributorId":30401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023753,"text":"70023753 - 2001 - The mesoproterozoic midcontinent rift system, Lake Superior region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023753","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mesoproterozoic midcontinent rift system, Lake Superior region, USA","docAbstract":"Exposures in the Lake Superior region, and associated geophysical evidence, show that a 2000 km-long rift system developed within the North American craton ??? 1109-1087 Ma, the age span of the most of the volcanic rocks. This system is characterized by immense volumes of mafic igneous rocks, mostly subaerial plateau basalts, generated in two major pulses largely by a hot mantle plume. A new ocean basin was nearly formed before rifting ceased, perhaps due to the remote effect of the Grenville continental collision to the east. Broad sagging/subsidence, combined with a system of axial half-grabens separated along the length of the rift by accommodation zones, provided conditions for the accumulation of as much as 20 km of volcanic rocks and as much as 10 km of post-rift clastic sediments, both along the rift axis and in basins flanking a central, post-volcanic horst. Pre-rift mature, quartzose sandstones imply little or no uplift prior to the onset of rift volcanism. Early post-rift red-bed sediments consist almost entirely of intrabasinally derived volcanic sediment deposited in alluvial fan to fluvial settings; the exception is one gray to black carbon-bearing lacustrine(?) unit. This early sedimentation phase was followed by broad crustal sagging and deposition of progressively more mature red-bed, fluvial sediments with an extra-basinal provenance. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00085-9","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Ojakangas, R., Morey, G.B., and Green, J., 2001, The mesoproterozoic midcontinent rift system, Lake Superior region, USA: Sedimentary Geology, v. 141-142, p. 421-442, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00085-9.","startPage":"421","endPage":"442","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00085-9"},{"id":232752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141-142","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badcae4b08c986b323df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ojakangas, R.W.","contributorId":8541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojakangas","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morey, G. B.","contributorId":14406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, J.C.","contributorId":90052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023752,"text":"70023752 - 2001 - Fate and origin of 1,2-dichloropropane in an unconfined shallow aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T12:26:39.317766","indexId":"70023752","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and origin of 1,2-dichloropropane in an unconfined shallow aquifer","docAbstract":"A shallow aquifer with different redox zones overlain by intensive agricultural activity was monitored for the occurrence of 1,2-dichloropropane (DCP) to assess the fate and origin of this pollutant. DCP was detected more frequently in groundwater samples collected in aerobic and nitrate-reducing zones than those collected from iron-reducing zones. Simulated DCP concentrations for groundwater entering an iron-reducing zone were calculated from a fate and transport model that included dispersion, sorption, and hydrolysis but not degradation. Simulated concentrations were well in excess of measured values, suggesting that microbial degradation occurred in the iron-reducing zone. Microcosm experiments were conducted using aquifer samples collected from iron-reducing and aerobic zones to evaluate the potential for microbial degradation of DCP and to explain field observations. Hydrogenolysis of DCP and production of monochlorinated propanes in microcosm experiments occurred only with aquifer materials collected from the iron-reducing zone, and no dechlorination was observed in microcosms established with aquifer materials collected from the aerobic zones. Careful analyses of the DCP/1,2,2-trichloropropane ratios in groundwater indicated that older fumigant formulations were responsible for the high levels of DCP present in this aquifer.A shallow aquifer with different redox zones overlain by intensive agricultural activity was monitored for the occurrence of 1,2-dichloropropane (DCP) to assess the fate and origin of this pollutant. DCP was detected more frequently in groundwater samples collected in aerobic and nitrate-reducing zones than those collected from iron-reducing zones. Simulated DCP concentrations for groundwater entering an iron-reducing zone were calculated from a fate and transport model that included dispersion, sorption, and hydrolysis but not degradation. Simulated concentrations were well in excess of measured values, suggesting that microbial degradation occurred in the iron-reducing zone. Microcosm experiments were conducted using aquifer samples collected from iron-reducing and aerobic zones to evaluate the potential for microbial degradation of DCP and to explain field observations. Hydrogenolysis of DCP and production of monochlorinated propanes in microcosm experiments occurred only with aquifer materials collected from the iron-reducing zone, and no dechlorination was observed in microcosms established with aquifer materials collected from the aerobic zones. Careful analyses of the DCP/1,2,2-trichloropropane ratios in groundwater indicated that older fumigant formulations were responsible for the high levels of DCP present in this aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es001289n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A.J., Loffler, F., and Liebscher, H., 2001, Fate and origin of 1,2-dichloropropane in an unconfined shallow aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 455-461, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001289n.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"461","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Fraser-Whatcom Lowlands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.1514892578125,\n              48.352598707539315\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.673828125,\n              48.352598707539315\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.673828125,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1514892578125,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1514892578125,\n              48.352598707539315\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f06e4b0c8380cd53717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J. 0000-0003-4674-7364 tesorier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-7364","contributorId":2693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony","email":"tesorier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loffler, F.E.","contributorId":105882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loffler","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liebscher, H.","contributorId":95235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebscher","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023751,"text":"70023751 - 2001 - Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons. IV. The pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus Forbes and Richardson, 1905)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023751","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons. IV. The pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus Forbes and Richardson, 1905)","docAbstract":"Sperm-cell morphology and ultrastructure in the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Metrics and structure were compared with similar metrics obtained from other published descriptions of sturgeon sperm cells. General morphology was found to be similar to that of sperm cells of the white (Acipenser transmontanus), lake (A. fulvescens), stellate (A. stellatus), Chinese (A. sinensis), Russian (A. gueldenstaedti colchicus), and shortnose (A. brevirostrum) sturgeons, which all shared a gradual tapering of the nuclear diameter from posterior to anterior, unlike that of the Atlantic sturgeon (A. oxyrhynchus). The sperm cell of the pallid sturgeon was similar in size to that of the Atlantic sturgeon, being only slightly larger. The sperm cell of the pallid sturgeon differed from those of other sturgeons chiefly in the acrosomal region, where the posterolateral projections (PLP) have the shape of an acute triangle and are arranged in a spiral about the longitudinal axis of the cell. The PLP were longer than those of other sturgeons, being twice the length of those of the Atlantic sturgeon and 58% longer than those of the lake sturgeon. Also, in cross section the acrosome had the shape of a hollow cone rather than the cap of an oak tree acorn, as was found in ultrastructural studies of other sturgeons. In addition, we were able to confirm that the structural arrangement of the distal centriole of the midpiece is identical with that of the proximal centriole: nine sets of microtubular triplets around the periphery of the centriole. This information is of potential use to fishery biologists, forensic biologists, zoologists, reproductive physiologists, taxonomists, evolutionary biologists, and aquaculturists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/cjz-79-5-802","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"DiLauro, M.N., Walsh, R., Peiffer, M., and Bennett, R.M., 2001, Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons. IV. The pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus Forbes and Richardson, 1905): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 79, no. 5, p. 802-808, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-79-5-802.","startPage":"802","endPage":"808","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207611,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-79-5-802"},{"id":232710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95bfe4b08c986b31b0d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiLauro, M. N.","contributorId":75475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLauro","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, R.A.","contributorId":70729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peiffer, M.","contributorId":30788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peiffer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, R. M.","contributorId":97852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023750,"text":"70023750 - 2001 - Global occurrences of gas hydrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023750","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Global occurrences of gas hydrate","docAbstract":"Natural gas hydrate is found worldwide in sediments of outer continental margins of all oceans and in polar areas with continuous permafrost. There are currently 77 localities identified globally where geophysical, geochemical and/or geological evidence indicates the presence of gas hydrate. Details concerning individual gas-hydrate occurrences are compiled at a new world-wide-web (www) site (http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/globalhydrate). This site has been created to facilitate global gas-hydrate research by providing information on each of the localities where there is evidence for gas hydrate. Also considered are the implications of gas hydrate as a potential (1) energy resource, (2) factor in global climate change, and (3) geohazard.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"11th (2001) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference","conferenceDate":"17 June 2001 through 22 June 2001","conferenceLocation":"Stavanger","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., and Lorenson, T., 2001, Global occurrences of gas hydrate, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, v. 1, Stavanger, 17 June 2001 through 22 June 2001, p. 462-467.","startPage":"462","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2950e4b0c8380cd5a856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023749,"text":"70023749 - 2001 - Characterization of dispersion, attenuation, and anisotropy at the Buena Vista Hills field, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:14:21.924399","indexId":"70023749","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of dispersion, attenuation, and anisotropy at the Buena Vista Hills field, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>We create a log of intrinsic dispersion and attenuation for the Antelope Shale formation of the Buena Vista Hills field, San Joaquin Valley, California. High dispersion (or low&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>) values correlate with thin sand and carbonate beds within the Antelope Shale. These beds are at least ten times as permeable as the host shale formation, so this effect provides a possible avenue for seismic prediction of permeability. The dispersion log is formed through comparison of crosswell seismic velocities (measured at approximately 1 kHz) and sonic log velocities (measured at approximately 10 kHz). In order to provide a proper basis for comparison, the sonic log must first be adjusted for field anisotropy, scaling effects, and resolution of measurement. We estimate a local shale anisotropy of about 20% based on correlations generated from published measurements of other shale fields. We apply resolution enhancement to capture the thin sand and carbonate beds, and windowed Backus averaging to match the measurement scales. A modeling study verifies the technique, and shows that beds of thickness greater than 30 cm have a measurable signature. The actual resolution is on the order of the crosswell Fresnel length, or about 7 m for the model study.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1444926","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Hackert, C., Parra, J., Brown, R., and Collier, H., 2001, Characterization of dispersion, attenuation, and anisotropy at the Buena Vista Hills field, California: Geophysics, v. 66, no. 1, p. 90-96, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444926.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"96","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Buena Vista Hills field, San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.62875366210938,\n              35.290468565908775\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              35.180543276002666\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.39804077148436,\n              35.0873268458165\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.40078735351561,\n              35.062600989085496\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.17694091796875,\n              35.05922870088872\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.18106079101561,\n              35.21196570103912\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.24697875976562,\n              35.21196570103912\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.24835205078125,\n              35.26580442886754\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.2510986328125,\n              35.29383127531525\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.39804077148436,\n              35.40360292969232\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53399658203125,\n              35.40024478679507\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.60540771484376,\n              35.35209603659656\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.62875366210938,\n              35.290468565908775\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4c5e4b0c8380cd4bee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackert, C.L.","contributorId":41186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackert","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parra, J.O.","contributorId":79665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parra","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R.L.","contributorId":107014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collier, H.A.","contributorId":11383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023743,"text":"70023743 - 2001 - Cytochrome P450 1A expression in midwater fishes: Potential effects of chemical contaminants in remote oceanic zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T15:09:08","indexId":"70023743","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cytochrome P450 1A expression in midwater fishes: Potential effects of chemical contaminants in remote oceanic zones","docAbstract":"Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) induction is a robust marker for exposure to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that are aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists. We examined CYP1A expression in mesopelagic fishes from the western North Atlantic. Individuals in 22 species were obtained from slope water and the Sargasso Sea in 1977, 1978, and 1993. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), a CYP1A activity, was detected in liver from all species in 1977/78. In some, including Gonostoma elongatum, AHH was inhibited by the CYP1A inhibitor ??-naphthoflavone. CYP1A-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) was detected in liver microsomes of all species in 1993; rates were highest in G. elongatum and Argyropelecus aculeatus. Immunoblot analysis with the CYP1A-specific monoclonal antibody 1-12-3 detected a single microsomal protein band in most 1993 samples; the highest content was in G. elongatum. Immunohistochemical analysis showed CYP1A staining in gill, heart, kidney, and/or liver of several species. Extracts of the 1993 G. elongatum and A. aculeatus, when applied to fish hepatoma cells (PLHC-1) in culture, elicited a significant induction of EROD in those cells. The capacity of the extracts to induce CYP1A correlated with the content of PCBs measured in the same fish (2-4.6 ng/g total body weight). Mesopelagic fish in the western North Atlantic, which experience no direct exposure to surface waters or sediments, are exposed chronically to inducers of CYP1A at levels that appear to be biochemically active in those fish.Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) induction is a robust marker for exposure to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that are awl hydrocarbon receptor agonists. We examined CYP1A expression in mesopelagic fishes from the western North Atlantic. Individuals in 22 species were obtained from slope water and the Sargasso Sea in 1977, 1978, and 1993. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), a CYP1A activity, was detected in liver from all species in 1977/78. In some, including Gonostoma elongatum, AHH was inhibited by the CYP1A inhibitor ??-naphthoflavone. CYP1A-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) was detected in liver microsomes of all species in 1993; rates were highest in G. elongatum and Argyropelecus aculeatus. Immunoblot analysis with the CYP1A-specific monoclonal antibody 1-12-3 detected a single microsomal protein band in most 1993 samples; the highest content was in G. elongatum. Immunohistochemical analysis showed CYP1A staining in gill, heart, kidney, and/or liver of several species. Extracts of the 1993 G. elongatum and A. aculeatus, when applied to fish hepatoma cells (PLHC-1) in culture, elicited a significant induction of EROD in those cells. The capacity of the extracts to induce CYP1A correlated with the content of PCBs measured in the same fish (2-4.6 ng/g total body weight). Mesopelagic fish in the western North Atlantic, which experience no direct exposure to surface waters or sediments, are exposed chronically to inducers of CYP1A at levels that appear to be biochemically active in those fish.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es0012265","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Stegeman, J.J., Schlezinger, J.J., Craddock, J.E., and Tillitt, D.E., 2001, Cytochrome P450 1A expression in midwater fishes: Potential effects of chemical contaminants in remote oceanic zones: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 54-62, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0012265.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207546,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0012265"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd2ae4b0c8380cd4e688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stegeman, John J.","contributorId":55102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stegeman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlezinger, Jennifer J.","contributorId":176730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlezinger","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Craddock, James E.","contributorId":176731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craddock","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023742,"text":"70023742 - 2001 - Subspecific affinity of black bears in the White River National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T18:39:10.951807","indexId":"70023742","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subspecific affinity of black bears in the White River National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<p><span>The black bear population of the White River National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is adjacent to populations of black bear in Louisiana (</span><i>Urusus americanus luteolus</i><span>) which are listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Wildlife management plans can pose restrictions on bear harvests and timber extraction; therefore the management plan for the White River NWR is sensitive to subspecific classification of its bear population. The objective of this study was to analyze genetic variation in the White River NWR and seven adjacent populations of black bears to assess the subspecific affinity of the White River NWR population. Here we report the variation at seven microsatellite DNA loci among eight black bear populations. The patterns of genetic variation gave strong support for distinguishing a southern group of black bears comprised of the White River, Arkansas; Tensas River, Louisiana; Upper Atchafalaya, Louisiana; Lower Atchafalaya, Louisiana; and Alabama/Mississippi populations. Phylogenetic analysis of individual variation suggested that historical black bear introductions into Arkansas and Louisiana affected gene pools of certain southern receiving populations, but did not significantly change interpopulation relatedness. Phylogenetic inferences at both the population and individual levels support the hypothesis that the White River NWR population of black bears belongs to the&nbsp;</span><i>U. a. luteolus</i><span>&nbsp;subspecies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jhered/92.3.226","issn":"00221503","usgsCitation":"Warrillow, J., Culver, M., Hallerman, E., and Vaughan, M., 2001, Subspecific affinity of black bears in the White River National Wildlife Refuge: Journal of Heredity, v. 92, no. 3, p. 226-233, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/92.3.226.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"233","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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M.","contributorId":92462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hallerman, E.","contributorId":52749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallerman","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughan, M.","contributorId":77703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023718,"text":"70023718 - 2001 - Effect of natural gas exsolution on specific storage in a confined aquifer undergoing water level decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:34:57.210806","indexId":"70023718","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of natural gas exsolution on specific storage in a confined aquifer undergoing water level decline","docAbstract":"<p>The specific storage of a porous medium, a function of the compressibility of the aquifer material and the fluid within it, is essentially constant under normal hydrologic conditions. Gases dissolved in ground water can increase the effective specific storage of a confined aquifer, however, during water level declines. This causes a reduction in pore pressure that lowers the gas solubility and results in exsolution. The exsolved gas then displaces water from storage, and the specific storage increases because gas compressibility is typically much greater than that of water or aquifer material.</p><p>This work describes the effective specific storage of a confined aquifer exsolving dissolved gas as a function of hydraulic head and the dimensionless Henry's law constant for the gas. This relation is applied in a transient simulation of ground water discharge from a confined aquifer system to a collapsed salt mine in the Genesee Valley in western New York. Results indicate that exsolution of gas significantly increased the effective specific storage in the aquifer system, thereby decreasing the water level drawdown.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02340.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., and Fountain, J., 2001, Effect of natural gas exsolution on specific storage in a confined aquifer undergoing water level decline: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 4, p. 517-525, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02340.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"525","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05f5e4b0c8380cd5104e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, R. M.","contributorId":8069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fountain, J.C.","contributorId":43104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023716,"text":"70023716 - 2001 - Production of stream habitat gradients by montane watersheds: Hypothesis tests based on spatially explicit path analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023716","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Production of stream habitat gradients by montane watersheds: Hypothesis tests based on spatially explicit path analyses","docAbstract":"We studied how the features of mountain watersheds interact to cause gradients in three stream attributes: baseflow stream widths, total alkalinity, and stream slope. A priori hypotheses were developed before being tested in a series of path analyses using data from 90 stream reaches on 24 second- to fourth-order streams across a fifth-order Rocky Mountain watershed. Because most of the conventional least squares regressions initially calculated for the path analyses had spatially correlated residuals (13 of 15 regressions), spatially explicit regressions were often used to derive more accurate parameter estimates and significance tests. Our final working hypotheses accounted for most of the variation in baseflow stream width (73%), total alkalinity (74%), and stream slope (78%) and provide systemic views of watershed function by depicting interactions that occur between geomorphology, land surface features, and stream attributes. Stream gradients originated mainly from the unidirectional changes in geomorphic features that occur over the lengths of streams. Land surface features were of secondary importance and, because they change less predictably relative to the stream, appear to modify the rate at which stream gradients change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-58-6-1089","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Isaak, D., and Hubert, W., 2001, Production of stream habitat gradients by montane watersheds: Hypothesis tests based on spatially explicit path analyses: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 58, no. 6, p. 1089-1103, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-58-6-1089.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1103","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207635,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-58-6-1089"},{"id":232750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8de4e4b0c8380cd7eec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023715,"text":"70023715 - 2001 - Backcountry water quality in Grand Teton National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023715","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Backcountry water quality in Grand Teton National Park","docAbstract":"Over the past several decades, visitor use of the backcountry areas of Grand Teton National Park (Wyoming) has dramatically increased. The water quality of clear, sparkling mountain streams and lakes is being impacted by concentrated recreational use where, because of the potential for future wilderness designation, no restroom facilities are available. Park officials are concerned about the impacts that these activities have on water quality, and that the consumption of untreated water from these areas may pose a hazard to human health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"Tippets, N., O'Ney, S., and Farag, A., 2001, Backcountry water quality in Grand Teton National Park: Park Science, v. 21, no. 1, p. 25-27.","startPage":"25","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef8de4b0c8380cd4a306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tippets, N.","contributorId":79666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tippets","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Ney, S.","contributorId":68073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Ney","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023713,"text":"70023713 - 2001 - Late Quaternary vegetation history of Rough Canyon, south-central New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:09:27","indexId":"70023713","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary vegetation history of Rough Canyon, south-central New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>South-central New Mexico, USA, at the junction of the Rocky Mountains, High Plains and Chihuahuan Desert, is one of the better known regions in the late Quaternary of North America. Plant macrofossils and pollen from a packrat midden series in Rough Canyon, New Mexico allows refinement of plant distributions and paleoclimates in this transitional area since full glacial times. From 17&nbsp;000 to 12&nbsp;000&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C&nbsp;yr&nbsp;BP, </span><i>Pinus edulis</i><span>–</span><i>Juniperus scopulorum</i><span> woodlands dominated limestone substrates between 1800 and 1490&nbsp;m, with </span><i>Pseudotsuga</i><i>menziesii</i><span> and other mixed-conifer species restricted to shady, north-facing slopes. </span><i>Juniperus deppeana</i><span>, the dominant juniper today above 2000&nbsp;m in southern New Mexico, is conspicuously absent from glacial middens and must have been displaced south of the US–Mexico border. The minimum climatic conditions for </span><i>P. edulis</i><span>–</span><i>J. scopulorum</i><span> woodlands are ca 20% wetter and 3.5–5°C cooler (July mean maximum temperatures) than the modern climate at Rough Canyon. Holocene warming/drying may have started as early as 12&nbsp;000&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C&nbsp;yr&nbsp;BP with the extirpation of </span><i>J. scopulorum</i><span> from Rough Canyon, and was completed by at least 10&nbsp;540</span><sup>14</sup><span>C&nbsp;yr&nbsp;BP. The record for arrivals of some desert species is confounded by traces of pollen and macrofossils in some of the glacial middens, which could signify either earliest occurrence or temporal mixing (contamination) of assemblages. AMS </span><sup>14</sup><span>C dating can discriminate between early arrival and contamination in midden macrofossils but not in pollen. AMS dates show that </span><i>Choisya dumosa</i><span>, presently near its northern (cold) limits at Rough Canyon, endured late glacial winters, possibly as clonal populations. Some </span><i>Larrea tridentata</i><span> leaves and pollen occur in middens dominated by conifers and oaks no longer at the site; an AMS date of 3205&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C&nbsp;yr&nbsp;BP on </span><i>Larrea</i><span> leaves from one midden indicates contamination. Evidence for some macrofossil contamination, however, does not rule out the possibility that pollen of desert elements (e.g. </span><i>Larrea</i><span>, </span><i>Prosopis</i><span>) in late glacial–early Holocene middens indicates their presence in the Tularosa Basin, well ahead of their local appearance in Rough Canyon. Finally, the increasing dominance of desert elements after 5000&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C&nbsp;yr&nbsp;BP in the Rough Canyon series and elsewhere in the northern Chihuahuan Desert could reflect slow, postglacial migration from the south and/or progressive encroachment with gradual stripping of soils formed during the last glacial period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00154-1","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Betancourt, J., Rylander, K.A., Penalba, C., and McVickar, J., 2001, Late Quaternary vegetation history of Rough Canyon, south-central New Mexico, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 165, no. 1-2, p. 71-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00154-1.","startPage":"71","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a453de4b0c8380cd67159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rylander, Kate Aasen","contributorId":76447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rylander","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"Aasen","affiliations":[{"id":219,"text":"Desert Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penalba, C.","contributorId":34296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penalba","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McVickar, J.L.","contributorId":86931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McVickar","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023712,"text":"70023712 - 2001 - Geoarchaeology at Gilman Falls: An Archaic Quarry and Manufacturing Site in Central Maine, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023712","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1750,"text":"Geoarchaeology - An International Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoarchaeology at Gilman Falls: An Archaic Quarry and Manufacturing Site in Central Maine, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Interdisciplinary investigations at the Milford Reservoir, central Maine, resulted in excavation and analysis of a Middle Archaic quarry and manufacturing site at Gilman Falls, dated to between 7300 and 6300 yr B.P. Lithological analysis indicates that the majority of the artifacts came from very local outcrops, providing low-grade metamorphic rocks. Native Americans used a specialized technique to reduce the granofels and other rocks to long rods, artifacts commonly placed in local cemeteries. The Gilman Falls site was largely abandoned once these artifacts were no longer in vogue. Therefore, access to particular bedrock outcrops seems to have played an important role in site selection. Gilman Falls and other early to middle Holocene sites are preserved where bedrock sill dams ponded water that deposited fine sand. Early site sedimentation history is paralleled by a drainage change in the headwaters of the Penobscot River. Evidence for lower mid-Holocene lake levels and a period of higher temperatures and lower precipitation may correlate with the sedimentation history. ?? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoarchaeology - An International Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/gea.1014","issn":"08836353","usgsCitation":"Sanger, D., Kelley, A., and Berry, H.N., 2001, Geoarchaeology at Gilman Falls: An Archaic Quarry and Manufacturing Site in Central Maine, U.S.A: Geoarchaeology - An International Journal, v. 16, no. 6, p. 633-665, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.1014.","startPage":"633","endPage":"665","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.1014"},{"id":232706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1599e4b0c8380cd54eb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanger, D.","contributorId":83308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanger","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, A.R.","contributorId":48352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, H. N. IV","contributorId":99326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"H.","suffix":"IV","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023710,"text":"70023710 - 2001 - Three-parameter AVO crossplotting in anisotropic media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:32:25.590961","indexId":"70023710","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-parameter AVO crossplotting in anisotropic media","docAbstract":"<p>Amplitude versus offset (AVO) interpretation can be facilitated by crossplotting AVO intercept (<i>A</i>), gradient (<i>B</i>), and curvature (<i>C</i>) terms. However, anisotropy, which exists in the real world, usually complicates AVO analysis. Recognizing anisotropic behavior on AVO crossplots can help avoid AVO interpretation errors.</p><p>Using a modification to a three-term (<i>A</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C</i>) approximation to the exact anisotropic reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic media, we find that anisotropy has a nonlinear effect on an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><span>&nbsp;</span>versus<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><span>&nbsp;</span>crossplot yet causes slope changes and differing intercepts on<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><span>&nbsp;</span>versus<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B</i><span>&nbsp;</span>or<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><span>&nbsp;</span>crossplots. Empirical corrections that result in more accurate crossplot interpretation are introduced for specific circumstances.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1487081","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Hao, C., Castagna, J., Brown, R., and Ramos, A., 2001, Three-parameter AVO crossplotting in anisotropic media: Geophysics, v. 66, no. 5, p. 1359-1363, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1487081.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1359","endPage":"1363","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb352e4b08c986b325cff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hao, Chen","contributorId":89306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hao","given":"Chen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castagna, J.P.","contributorId":90078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castagna","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R.L.","contributorId":107014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramos, A.C.B.","contributorId":35910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramos","given":"A.C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023709,"text":"70023709 - 2001 - Stress drop with constant, scale independent seismic efficiency and overshoot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023709","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress drop with constant, scale independent seismic efficiency and overshoot","docAbstract":"To model dissipated and radiated energy during earthquake stress drop, I calculate dynamic fault slip using a single degree of freedom spring-slider block and a laboratory-based static/kinetic fault strength relation with a dynamic stress drop proportional to effective normal stress. The model is scaled to earthquake size assuming a circular rupture; stiffness varies inversely with rupture radius, and rupture duration is proportional to radius. Calculated seismic efficiency, the ratio of radiated to total energy expended during stress drop, is in good agreement with laboratory and field observations. Predicted overshoot, a measure of how much the static stress drop exceeds the dynamic stress drop, is higher than previously published laboratory and seismic observations and fully elasto-dynamic calculations. Seismic efficiency and overshoot are constant, independent of normal stress and scale. Calculated variation of apparent stress with seismic moment resembles the observational constraints of McGarr [1999].","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001GL012906","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N., 2001, Stress drop with constant, scale independent seismic efficiency and overshoot: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 17, p. 3353-3356, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL012906.","startPage":"3353","endPage":"3356","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479013,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl012906","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207566,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL012906"},{"id":232623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b57e4b08c986b31cdfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, N.M. 0000-0002-3397-8481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":68894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023708,"text":"70023708 - 2001 - Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023708","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments","docAbstract":"Hydrobiogeochemical processes controlling stream water chemistry were examined in four small (<5 km2) catchments having contrasting bedrock lithologies in the western Sierra Nevada foothills of California. The Mediterranean climate with its cool/wet and hot/dry cycle produces strong seasonal patterns in hydrological, biological and geochemical processes. Stream water solutes fall into three general groups according to seasonal fluctuation in concentration: Strong, rainy season minimum-dry season maximum (Cl-, SO42-, base cations); weak, rainy season minimum-dry season maximum (Si); and rainy season maximum-dry season minimum (NO3- and K+). Solute dynamics in soil solutions and stream water suggest that mixing of drainage waters from bedrock and soil sources regulate stream water solute concentrations. Patterns are further altered by the leaching of solutes accumulated in the soil over the summer period of desiccation and the temporal discoupling of nutrient cycles that occurs due to differences in the timing between vegetation growth (late spring) and leaching (early winter). Solute concentrations are remarkably similar between watersheds with varying bedrock types, with the exception of nitrate, sulfate and bicarbonate. Three watersheds have nitrogen-bearing metasedimentary bedrock that contributes to elevated nitrate concentrations in stream waters. Watersheds whose bedrock includes mineralized veins of sulfide and carbonate minerals similarly have greater sulfate and bicarbonate concentrations in stream water. Hydrobiogeochemical processes are highly dynamic at the seasonal and storm-event temporal scales and spatially complex at the watershed scale making management of stream water chemical composition, such as nitrate concentrations, very challenging. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00424-3","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Holloway, J., and Dahlgren, R., 2001, Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 250, no. 1-4, p. 106-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00424-3.","startPage":"106","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207565,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00424-3"},{"id":232622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"250","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8870e4b08c986b31698c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holloway, J.M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":103041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahlgren, R.A.","contributorId":28409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023706,"text":"70023706 - 2001 - Petrographic and geochemical evidence for the formation of primary, bacterially induced lacustrine dolomite: La Roda 'white earth' (Pliocene, Central Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023706","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrographic and geochemical evidence for the formation of primary, bacterially induced lacustrine dolomite: La Roda 'white earth' (Pliocene, Central Spain)","docAbstract":"Upper Pliocene dolomites ('white earth') from La Roda, Spain, offer a good opportunity to evaluate the process of dolomite formation in lakes. The relatively young nature of the deposits could allow a link between dolomites precipitated in modern lake systems and those present in older lacustrine formations. The La Roda Mg-carbonates (dolomite unit) occur as a 3??5- to 4-m- thick package of poorly indurated, white, massive dolomite beds with interbedded thin deposits of porous carbonate displaying root and desiccation traces as well as local lenticular gypsum moulds. The massive dolomite beds consist mainly of loosely packed 1- to 2-??m-sized aggregates of dolomite crystals exhibiting poorly developed faces, which usually results in a subrounded morphology of the crystals. Minute rhombs of dolomite are sparse within the aggregates. Both knobbly textures and clumps of spherical bodies covering the crystal surfaces indicate that bacteria were involved in the formation of the dolomites. In addition, aggregates of euhedral dolomite crystals are usually present in some more clayey (sepiolite) interbeds. The thin porous carbonate (mostly dolomite) beds exhibit both euhedral and subrounded, bacterially induced dolomite crystals. The carbonate is mainly Ca-dolomite (51-54 mol% CaCO3), showing a low degree of ordering (degree of ordering ranges from 0??27 to 0??48). Calcite is present as a subordinate mineral in some samples. Sr, Mn and Fe contents show very low correlation coefficients with Mg/Ca ratios, whereas SiO2 and K contents are highly correlated. ??18O- and ??13C-values in dolomites range from -3??07??? to 5??40??? PDB (mean = 0??06, ?? = 1??75) and from -6??34??? to -0??39??? PDB (mean = -3??55, ?? = 1??33) respectively. Samples containing significant amounts of both dolomite and calcite do not in general show significant enrichment or depletion in 18O and 13C between the two minerals. The correlation coefficient between ??18O and ??13C for dolomite is extremely low and negative (r = -0??05), whereas it is higher and positive (r = 0??47) for calcite. The lacustrine dolomite deposit from La Roda is interpreted mainly as a result of primary precipitation of dolomite in a shallow, hydrologically closed perennial lake. The lake was supplied by highly saturated HCO3-/CO32- groundwater that leached dolomitic Mesozoic formations. Precipitation of dolomite from alkaline lake waters took place under a semi-arid to arid climate. However, according to our isotopic data, strong evaporative conditions were not required for the formation of the La Roda dolomite. A significant contribution by bacteria to the formation of the dolomites is assumed in view of both petrographic and geochemical evidence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00388.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Garcia, D., Cura, M., Calvo, J.P., Ordonez, S., Jones, B., and Canaveras, J., 2001, Petrographic and geochemical evidence for the formation of primary, bacterially induced lacustrine dolomite: La Roda 'white earth' (Pliocene, Central Spain): Sedimentology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 897-915, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00388.x.","startPage":"897","endPage":"915","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478922,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00388.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207545,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00388.x"},{"id":232582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7791e4b0c8380cd7851a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Del","contributorId":72169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Del","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cura, M.A.","contributorId":92017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cura","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvo, J. P.","contributorId":24136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ordonez, S.","contributorId":100156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ordonez","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Canaveras, J.C.","contributorId":66885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canaveras","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023705,"text":"70023705 - 2001 - Proposed standard-weight (Ws) equation and length-categorization standards for brown trout (Salmo trutta) in lentic habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T18:09:40.032353","indexId":"70023705","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Proposed standard-weight (W<sub>s</sub>) equation and length-categorization standards for brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) in lentic habitats","title":"Proposed standard-weight (Ws) equation and length-categorization standards for brown trout (Salmo trutta) in lentic habitats","docAbstract":"<p><span>We developed a standard-weight (W</span><sub>s</sub><span>) equation for brown trout (</span><i>Salmo trutta</i><span>) in lentic habitats by applying the regression-line-percentile technique to samples from 49 populations in North America. The proposed Ws equation is log</span><sup>10</sup><span>&nbsp;W</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;= −5.422 + 3.194 log</span><sub>10</sub><span>&nbsp;TL, when W</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;is in grams and TL is total length in millimeters. The English-unit equivalent is log</span><sub>10</sub><span>&nbsp;W</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;= −3.592 + 3.194 log</span><sub>10</sub><span>&nbsp;TL, when W</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;is in pounds and TL is total length in inches. The equation is applicable for fish of 140–750 mm TL. Proposed length-category standards to evaluate fish within populations are: stock, 200 mm (8 in); quality, 300 mm (12 in); preferred, 400 mm (16 in); memorable, 500 mm (20 in); and trophy, 600 mm (24 in).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2001.9663787","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Hyatt, M., and Hubert, W., 2001, Proposed standard-weight (Ws) equation and length-categorization standards for brown trout (Salmo trutta) in lentic habitats: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 53-56, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2001.9663787.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f44e4b0c8380cd7f670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyatt, M.W.","contributorId":16195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyatt","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043758,"text":"70043758 - 2001 - New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, January-March 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:15:59","indexId":"70043758","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, January-March 2001","docAbstract":"A list of USGS publications and articles by U.S. Geological Survey personnel in non-U.S. Geological Survey journals and books that were published in January to March of the year 2001.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043758","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, January-March 2001: Publications of the US Geological Survey, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043758.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272696,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043758/report.pdf"},{"id":267787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043758/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad56e4b0b6328103b4a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023703,"text":"70023703 - 2001 - Secretion of whey acidic protein and cystatin is down regulated at mid-lactation in the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023703","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Secretion of whey acidic protein and cystatin is down regulated at mid-lactation in the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus)","docAbstract":"Milk collected from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) between day 100 and 260 of lactation showed major changes in milk composition at around day 200 of lactation, the time at which the pouch young begins to temporarily exit the pouch and eat herbage. The carbohydrate content of milk declined abruptly at this time and although there was only a small increase in total protein content, SDS PAGE analysis of milk revealed asynchrony in the secretory pattern of individual proteins. The levels of ??-lactalbumin, ??-lactoglobulin, serum albumin and transferrin remain unchanged during lactation. In contrast, the protease inhibitor cystatin, and the putative protease inhibitor whey acidic protein (WAP) first appeared in milk at elevated concentrations after approximately 150 days of lactation and then ceased to be secreted at approximately 200 days. In addition, a major whey protein, late lactation protein, was first detected in milk around the time whey acidic protein and cystatin cease to be secreted and was present at least until day 260 of lactation. The co-ordinated, but asynchronous secretion of putative protease inhibitors in milk may have several roles during lactation including tissue remodelling in the mammary gland and protecting specific proteins in milk required for physiological development of the dependent young. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Inc.","largerWorkTitle":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00341-5","issn":"10956433","usgsCitation":"Nicholas, K., Fisher, J., Muths, E., Trott, J., Janssens, P., Reich, C., and Shaw, D., 2001, Secretion of whey acidic protein and cystatin is down regulated at mid-lactation in the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus), <i>in</i> Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology, v. 129, no. 4, p. 851-858, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00341-5.","startPage":"851","endPage":"858","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502551,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Secretion_of_whey_acidic_protein_and_cystatin_is_down_regulated_at_mid-lactation_in_the_red_kangaroo_Macropus_rufus_/20634678","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207523,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00341-5"},{"id":232542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8936e4b08c986b316d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholas, K.R.","contributorId":23506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, J.A.","contributorId":67060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trott, J.","contributorId":103233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trott","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Janssens, P.A.","contributorId":62183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssens","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reich, C.","contributorId":41787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shaw, D.C.","contributorId":41389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}