{"pageNumber":"3127","pageRowStart":"78150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184858,"records":[{"id":70023092,"text":"70023092 - 2001 - P-wave velocity structure of the uppermost mantle beneath Hawaii from traveltime tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023092","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"P-wave velocity structure of the uppermost mantle beneath Hawaii from traveltime tomography","docAbstract":"We examine the P-wave velocity structure beneath the island of Hawaii using P-wave residuals from teleseismic earthquakes recorded by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismic network. The station geometry and distribution of events makes it possible to image the velocity structure between ~ 40 and 100 km depth with a lateral resolution of ~ 15 km and a vertical resolution of ~ 30 km. For depths between 40 and 80 km, P-wave velocities are up to 5 per cent slower in a broad elongated region trending SE-NW that underlies the island between the two lines defined by the volcanic loci. No direct correlation between the magnitude of the lithospheric anomaly and the current level of volcanic activity is apparent, but the slow region is broadened at ~ 19.8??N and narrow beneath Kilauea. In the case of the occanic lithosphere beneath Hawaii, slow seismic velocities are likely to be related to magma transport from the top of the melting zone at the base of the lithosphere to the surface. Thermal modelling shows that the broad elongated low-velocity zone cannot be explained in terms of conductive heating by one primary conduit per volcano but that more complicated melt pathways must exist.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00480.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Tilmann, F., Benz, H., Priestley, K., and Okubo, P.G., 2001, P-wave velocity structure of the uppermost mantle beneath Hawaii from traveltime tomography: Geophysical Journal International, v. 146, no. 3, p. 594-606, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00480.x.","startPage":"594","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478946,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2001.00480.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208055,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00480.x"},{"id":233440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a731be4b0c8380cd76e73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilmann, F.J.","contributorId":75305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilmann","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Priestley, K.F.","contributorId":64426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priestley","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023091,"text":"70023091 - 2001 - Geomorphologic evidence for liquid water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023091","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geomorphologic evidence for liquid water","docAbstract":"Besides Earth, Mars is the only planet with a record of resurfacing processes and environmental circumstances that indicate the past operation of a hydrologic cycle. However the present-day conditions on Mars are far apart of supporting liquid water on the surface. Although the large-scale morphology of the Martian channels and valleys show remarkable similarities with fluid-eroded features on Earth, there are major differences in their size, small-scale morphology, inner channel structure and source regions indicating that the erosion on Mars has its own characteristic genesis and evolution. The different landforms related to fluvial, glacial and periglacial activities, their relations with volcanism, and the chronology of water-related processes, are presented.","largerWorkTitle":"Space Science Reviews","language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1011913809715","issn":"00386308","usgsCitation":"Masson, P., Carr, M.H., Costard, F., Greeley, R., Hauber, E., and Jaumann, R., 2001, Geomorphologic evidence for liquid water, <i>in</i> Space Science Reviews, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 333-364, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011913809715.","startPage":"333","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011913809715"},{"id":233439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a279de4b0c8380cd59a4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masson, P.","contributorId":21318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costard, F.","contributorId":61214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costard","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hauber, E.","contributorId":81659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauber","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023045,"text":"70023045 - 2001 - Carbon dioxide in magmas and implications for hydrothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70023045","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide in magmas and implications for hydrothermal systems","docAbstract":"This review focuses on the solubility, origin, abundance, and degassing of carbon dioxide (CO2) in magma-hydrothermal systems, with applications for those workers interested in intrusion-related deposits of gold and other metals. The solubility of CO2 increases with pressure and magma alkalinity. Its solubility is low relative to that of H2O, so that fluids exsolved deep in the crust tend to have high CO2/H2O compared with fluids evolved closer to the surface. Similarly, CO2/H2O will typically decrease during progressive decompression- or crystallization-induced degassing. The temperature dependence of solubility is a function of the speciation of CO2, which dissolves in molecular form in rhyolites (retrograde temperature solubility), but exists as dissolved carbonate groups in basalts (prograde). Magnesite and dolomite are stable under a relatively wide range of mantle conditions, but melt just above the solidus, thereby contributing CO2 to mantle magmas. Graphite, diamond, and a free CO2-bearing fluid may be the primary carbon-bearing phases in other mantle source regions. Growing evidence suggests that most CO2 is contributed to arc magmas via recycling of subducted oceanic crust and its overlying sediment blanket. Additional carbon can be added to magmas during magma-wallrock interactions in the crust. Studies of fluid and melt inclusions from intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks yield ample evidence that many magmas are vapor saturated as deep as the mid crust (10-15 km) and that CO2 is an appreciable part of the exsolved vapor. Such is the case in both basaltic and some silicic magmas. Under most conditions, the presence of a CO2-bearing vapor does not hinder, and in fact may promote, the ascent and eruption of the host magma. Carbonic fluids are poorly miscible with aqueous fluids, particularly at high temperature and low pressure, so that the presence of CO2 can induce immiscibility both within the magmatic volatile phase and in hydrothermal systems. Because some metals, including gold, can be more volatile in vapor phases than coexisting liquids, the presence of CO2 may indirectly aid the process of metallogenesis by inducing phase separation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s001260100185","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., 2001, Carbon dioxide in magmas and implications for hydrothermal systems: Mineralium Deposita, v. 36, no. 6, p. 490-502, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001260100185.","startPage":"490","endPage":"502","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478875,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232605","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260100185"},{"id":233875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f360e4b0c8380cd4b76f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023008,"text":"70023008 - 2001 - Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:48:52.688815","indexId":"70023008","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland","docAbstract":"<p>The introduction of nonnative plant species may decrease ecosystem stability by altering the availability of nitrogen (N) for plant growth. Invasive species can impact N availability by changing litter quantity and quality, rates of N<sub>2</sub>-fixation, or rates of N loss. We quantified the effects of invasion by the annual grass <i>Bromus tectorum</i> on N cycling in an arid grassland on the Colorado Plateau (USA). The invasion occurred in 1994 in two community types in an undisturbed grassland. This natural experiment allowed us to measure the immediate responses following invasion without the confounding effects of previous disturbance. Litter biomass and the C:N and lignin:N ratios were measured to determine the effects on litter dynamics. Long-term soil incubations (415 d) were used to measure potential microbial respiration and net N mineralization. Plant-available N was quantified for two years in situ with ion-exchange resin bags, and potential changes in rates of gaseous N loss were estimated by measuring denitrification enzyme activity. <i>Bromus</i> invasion significantly increased litter biomass, and <i>Bromus</i> litter had significantly greater C:N and lignin:N ratios than did native species. The change in litter quantity and chemistry decreased potential rates of net N mineralization in sites with <i>Bromus</i> by decreasing nitrogen available for microbial activity. Inorganic N was 50% lower on <i>Hilaria</i> sites with <i>Bromus</i> during the spring of 1997, but no differences were observed during 1998. The contrasting differences between years are likely due to moisture availability; spring precipitation was 15% greater than average during 1997, but 52% below average during spring of 1998. <i>Bromus</i> may cause a short-term decrease in N loss by decreasing substrate availability and denitrification enzyme activity, but N loss is likely to be greater in invaded sites in the long term because of increased fire frequency and greater N volatilization during fire. We hypothesize that the introduction of <i>Bromus</i> in conjunction with land-use change has established a series of positive feedbacks that will decrease N availability and alter species composition.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1301:EPIAND]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Evans, R., Rimer, R., Sperry, L., and Belnap, J., 2001, Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland: Ecological Applications, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1301-1310, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1301:EPIAND]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1301","endPage":"1310","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0db0e4b0c8380cd53147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, R.D.","contributorId":48735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rimer, R.","contributorId":96457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sperry, L.","contributorId":18147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023010,"text":"70023010 - 2001 - Climate regimes and water temperature changes in the Columbia River: bioenergetic implications for predators of juvenile salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T16:35:24","indexId":"70023010","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate regimes and water temperature changes in the Columbia River: bioenergetic implications for predators of juvenile salmon","docAbstract":"<p>We examined how climatic regime shifts may have affected predation rates on juvenile Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis, also called northern pikeminnow), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) in the Columbia River. During 1933-1996, oceanic, coastal, and freshwater indices of climate were highly correlated, and an index for the Columbia River Basin suggested that climate shifts may have occurred about 1946, 1958, 1969, and 1977. Summer water temperature varied as much as 2??C between climate periods. We used a bioenergetics model for northern squawfish, the most important piscivore, to predict that predation on salmonids would have been 26-31% higher during two periods with relatively warm spring-summer water temperatures (1933-1946, 1978-1996) than during an extremely cold period (1947-1958). Predicted predation rates of northern squawfish were 68-96% higher in the warmest year compared with the coldest year. Predation rates of smallmouth bass and walleye on juvenile salmonids varied among climate periods similar to rates predicted for northern squawfish. Climatic effects need to be understood in both freshwater and nearshore marine habitats, since growth rates of salmon populations are especially sensitive to mortality during early life stages.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-58-9-1831","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., and Kitchell, J., 2001, Climate regimes and water temperature changes in the Columbia River: bioenergetic implications for predators of juvenile salmon: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 58, no. 9, p. 1831-1841, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-58-9-1831.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1831","endPage":"1841","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-58-9-1831"}],"country":"United States; Canada","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.0576171875,\n              46.45299704748289\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.62939453125001,\n              46.90524554642923\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.28906250000001,\n              48.96579381461063\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.58593749999999,\n              49.52520834197442\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.10253906249999,\n              50.875311142200765\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71826171875,\n              50.88917404890332\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.53173828125,\n              50.98609893339354\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.56494140625001,\n              50.331436330838834\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.53222656249999,\n              48.93693495409401\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.35693359375,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.0712890625,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.44482421875,\n              44.94924926661153\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              44.449467536006935\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.33544921874999,\n              44.63739123445585\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.21484375,\n              44.26093725039923\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9951171875,\n              43.56447158721811\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.98388671874999,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.17041015625,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.3349609375,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.12597656249999,\n              41.75492216766298\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.24658203125,\n              41.44272637767212\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8505859375,\n              41.475660200278234\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              42.553080288955826\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.33349609375,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              44.08758502824518\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.48632812499999,\n              43.88205730390537\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.77197265625,\n              44.15068115978091\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.59619140625001,\n              45.413876460821086\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.01367187499999,\n              45.99696161820381\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.0576171875,\n              46.45299704748289\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f653e4b0c8380cd4c6c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitchell, J.F.","contributorId":33259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchell","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023090,"text":"70023090 - 2001 - The landing of the NEAR-Shoemaker spacecraft on asteroid 433 Eros","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023090","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The landing of the NEAR-Shoemaker spacecraft on asteroid 433 Eros","docAbstract":"The NEAR-Shoemaker spacecraft was designed to provide a comprehensive characterization of the S-type asteroid 433 Eros (refs 1-3), an irregularly shaped body with approximate dimensions of 34 ?? 13 ?? 13 km. Following the completion of its year-long investigation, the mission was terminated with a controlled descent to its surface, in order to provide extremely high resolution images. Here we report the results of the descent on 12 February 2001, during which 70 images were obtained. The landing area is marked by a paucity of small craters and an abundance of 'ejecta blocks'. The properties and distribution of ejecta blocks are discussed in a companion paper. The last sequence of images reveals a transition from the blocky surface to a smooth area, which we interpret as a 'pond'. Properties of the 'ponds' are discussed in a second companion paper. The closest image, from an altitude of 129 m, shows the interior of a 100-m-diameter crater at 1-cm resolution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/35096507","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Veverka, J., Farquhar, B., Robinson, M., Thomas, P., Murchie, S., Harch, A., Antreasian, P., Chesley, S., Miller, J., Owen, W., Williams, B., Yeomans, D., Dunham, D., Heyler, G., Holdridge, M., Nelson, R., Whittenburg, K., Ray, J.C., Carcich, B., Cheng, A., Chapman, C., Bell, J., Bell, M., Bussey, B., Clark, B., Domingue, D., Gaffey, M., Hawkins, E., Izenberg, N., Joseph, J., Kirk, R., Lucey, P., Malin, M., McFadden, L., Merline, W., Peterson, C., Prockter, L., Warren, J., and Wellnitz, D., 2001, The landing of the NEAR-Shoemaker spacecraft on asteroid 433 Eros: Nature, v. 413, no. 6854, p. 390-393, https://doi.org/10.1038/35096507.","startPage":"390","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208053,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35096507"},{"id":233438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"413","issue":"6854","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad7ae4b08c986b323c37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veverka, J.","contributorId":71689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veverka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farquhar, B.","contributorId":42107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farquhar","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, M.","contributorId":50272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, P.","contributorId":59185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murchie, S.","contributorId":16584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harch, A.","contributorId":106377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harch","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Antreasian, P.G.","contributorId":11901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antreasian","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chesley, S.R.","contributorId":24654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesley","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miller, J.K.","contributorId":66136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Owen, W.M. Jr.","contributorId":107581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"W.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Williams, B.G.","contributorId":33190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Yeomans, D.","contributorId":33597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeomans","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dunham, D.","contributorId":37612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Heyler, G.","contributorId":23820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyler","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Holdridge, M.","contributorId":101956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holdridge","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Nelson, R.L.","contributorId":53252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Whittenburg, K.E.","contributorId":56119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittenburg","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Ray, J. C.","contributorId":76188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Carcich, B.","contributorId":80461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carcich","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Cheng, A.","contributorId":84950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Chapman, C.","contributorId":16951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Bell, M.","contributorId":74138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Bussey, B.","contributorId":19444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bussey","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Clark, B.","contributorId":30224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Domingue, D.","contributorId":33998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingue","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Gaffey, M.J.","contributorId":6341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaffey","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Hawkins, E.","contributorId":60925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Izenberg, N.","contributorId":56777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izenberg","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Joseph, J.","contributorId":14555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Kirk, R.","contributorId":66829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Lucey, P.","contributorId":43644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Malin, M.","contributorId":8636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"McFadden, L.","contributorId":67377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFadden","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Merline, W.J.","contributorId":67229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merline","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Peterson, C.","contributorId":61000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Prockter, L.","contributorId":22118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prockter","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Warren, J.","contributorId":28686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Wellnitz, D.","contributorId":7977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellnitz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39}]}}
,{"id":70023128,"text":"70023128 - 2001 - Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude oil spill site: II. Controls on spatial distribution of microbial populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:50:32","indexId":"70023128","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude oil spill site: II. Controls on spatial distribution of microbial populations","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p><span>A multidisciplinary study of a&nbsp;crude-oil&nbsp;contaminated&nbsp;aquifer&nbsp;shows that the distribution of microbial physiologic types is strongly controlled by the aquifer properties and crude oil location. The microbial populations of four physiologic types were analyzed together with permeability,&nbsp;pore-water&nbsp;chemistry, nonaqueous oil content, and extractable sediment iron. Microbial data from three&nbsp;vertical profiles&nbsp;through the anaerobic portion of the contaminated aquifer clearly show areas that have progressed from iron-reduction to&nbsp;methanogenesis. These locations contain lower numbers of iron reducers, and increased numbers of&nbsp;fermenters&nbsp;with detectable&nbsp;methanogens. Methanogenic conditions exist both in the&nbsp;area contaminated&nbsp;by nonaqueous oil and also below the oil where high&nbsp;hydrocarbon&nbsp;concentrations correspond to local increases in aquifer permeability. The results indicate that high contaminant flux either from local dissolution or by&nbsp;</span>advective transport<span>&nbsp;plays a key role in determining which areas first become methanogenic. Other factors besides flux that are important include the sediment Fe(II) content and proximity to the&nbsp;water table. In locations near a seasonally oscillating water table, methanogenic conditions exist only below the lowest typical water table elevation. During 20 years since the&nbsp;oil spill&nbsp;occurred, a laterally continuous methanogenic zone has developed along a narrow horizon extending from the source area to 50–60 m downgradient. A companion&nbsp;paper&nbsp;[J. Contam. Hydrol. 53, 369–386] documents how the growth of the methanogenic zone results in expansion of the aquifer volume contaminated with the highest concentrations of&nbsp;benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and&nbsp;xylenes.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00175-9","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Bekins, B., Cozzarelli, I., Godsy, E., Warren, E., Essaid, H., and Tuccillo, M., 2001, Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude oil spill site: II. Controls on spatial distribution of microbial populations: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 387-406, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00175-9.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"406","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208057,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00175-9"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ee2e4b0c8380cd7f449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warren, E.","contributorId":15360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuccillo, M.E.","contributorId":31936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuccillo","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1003535,"text":"1003535 - 2001 - Recent observations of the distribution and status of bluntnose darters and crystal darters in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:23","indexId":"1003535","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2555,"text":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent observations of the distribution and status of bluntnose darters and crystal darters in Iowa","docAbstract":"The distribution and status of Iowa's fishes were last extensively described in Iowa Fish and Fishing (Harlan et al. 1987). Since then, numerous fish collections have been made in Iowa's interior and bordering rivers and streams. Excluding non-native species, there have been three documented accounts of new fish species distributional records in Iowa since 1987. In this paper, I describe new collections of crystal darter (Crystallaria asprella) and bluntnose darter (Etheostoma chlorosomum) from the Mississippi River. The first documented specimen of C. asprella in Iowa was collected in Pool 11 of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) in 1995. One specimen of E. chlorosomum was collected in Pool 13 of the UMR in 1998, and another was collected in 1999. The bluntnose darter had not been collected since 1975 and was generally thought to be extirpated in Iowa.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08968381","usgsCitation":"Bowler, M., 2001, Recent observations of the distribution and status of bluntnose darters and crystal darters in Iowa: Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 108, no. 1, p. 15-18.","productDescription":"pp. 15-18","startPage":"15","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowler, M.C.","contributorId":103624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowler","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023087,"text":"70023087 - 2001 - Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T06:52:10","indexId":"70023087","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides","docAbstract":"An evaluation of over 75 pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) clearly shows that different classes of pesticides are more sensitive using either atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) or electrospray ionization (ESI). For example, neutral and basic pesticides (phenylureas, triazines) are more sensitive using APCI (especially positive ion). While cationic and anionic herbicides (bipyridylium ions, sulfonic acids) are more sensitive using ESI (especially negative ion). These data are expressed graphically in a figure called an ionization-continuum diagram, which shows that protonation in the gas phase (proton affinity) and polarity in solution, expressed as proton addition or subtraction (pKa), is useful in selecting APCI or ESI. Furthermore, sodium adduct formation commonly occurs using positive ion ESI but not using positive ion APCI, which reflects the different mechanisms of ionization and strengthens the usefulness of the ionization-continuum diagram. The data also show that the concept of \"wrong-way around\" ESI (the sensitivity of acidic pesticides in an acidic mobile phase) is a useful modification of simple pKa theory for mobile-phase selection. Finally, this finding is used to enhance the chromatographic separation of oxanilic and sulfonic acid herbicides while maintaining good sensitivity in LC/MS using ESI negative.","language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ac010506f","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., Ferrer, I., and Barcelo, D., 2001, Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 22, p. 5441-5449, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac010506f.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5441","endPage":"5449","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac010506f"}],"volume":"73","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5d7e4b0c8380cd4c45e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barcelo, D.","contributorId":24107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barcelo","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023041,"text":"70023041 - 2001 - Predicting river travel time from hydraulic characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023041","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting river travel time from hydraulic characteristics","docAbstract":"Predicting the effect of a pollutant spill on downstream water quality is primarily dependent on the water velocity, longitudinal mixing, and chemical/physical reactions. Of these, velocity is the most important and difficult to predict. This paper provides guidance on extrapolating travel-time information from one within bank discharge to another. In many cases, a time series of discharge (such as provided by a U.S. Geological Survey stream gauge) will provide an excellent basis for this extrapolation. Otherwise, the accuracy of a travel time extrapolation based on a resistance equation can be greatly improved by assuming the total flow area is composed of two parts, an active and an inactive area. For 60 reaches of 12 rivers with slopes greater than about 0.0002, travel times could be predicted to within about 10% by computing the active flow area using the Manning equation with n = 0.035 and assuming a constant inactive area for each reach. The predicted travel times were not very sensitive to the assumed values of bed slope or channel width.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(911)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H., 2001, Predicting river travel time from hydraulic characteristics: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 127, no. 11, p. 911-918, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(911).","startPage":"911","endPage":"918","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208223,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(911)"},{"id":233806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81c8e4b0c8380cd7b717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023047,"text":"70023047 - 2001 - The aquatic fate of triclopyr in whole-pond treatments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T14:30:20","indexId":"70023047","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3035,"text":"Pest Management Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The aquatic fate of triclopyr in whole-pond treatments","docAbstract":"The aquatic fate of the triethylamine salt formulation of triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) was determined in whole-pond applications in closed (no water exchange) systems in California, Missouri and Texas in two studies conducted in 1995 and 1996. These studies determined dissipation rates of triclopyr and its principal metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (tcp) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-methoxypyridine (tmp) in water, sediment and finfish. Ponds at each site containing a healthy biological community were treated at 2.5 mg AE litre-1 triclopyr. Water and sediment samples were collected through 12 weeks post-treatment, and non-target animals were collected through 4 weeks post-treatment. Dissipation rates for triclopyr, TCP and TMP were similar at each of the study sites, despite differences in weather, water quality, biotic community, light transmission and geographic location. Half-lives of triclopyr in water ranged from 5.9 to 7.5 days, while those of TCP and TMP ranged from 4 to 8.8 and 4 to 10 days, respectively. Levels of triclopyr and TCP declined in sediments at half-lives ranging from 2.8 to 4.6 days and 3.8 to 13.3 days, respectively. No TMP was detected in sediment. Triclopyr and TCP cleared from fish in relation to concentrations found in the water column. TMP levels in fish were generally an order of magnitude higher than levels of triclopyr and TCP, particularly in the visceral portion of the animals. No adverse effects on water quality or on the non-target biotic community were found following triclopyr applications. Results of these studies were comparable to those of triclopyr dissipation studies conducted in reservoirs, lakes and riverine systems in Georgia, Florida, Minnesota and Washington, indicating that the degradation and dissipation of triclopyr and its metabolites are similar in representative systems throughout the USA. ?? 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ps.343","issn":"1526498X","usgsCitation":"Petty, D., Skogerboe, J., Getsinger, K., Foster, D., Houtman, B., Fairchild, J., and Anderson, L.W., 2001, The aquatic fate of triclopyr in whole-pond treatments: Pest Management Science, v. 57, no. 9, p. 764-775, https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.343.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"764","endPage":"775","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.343"}],"volume":"57","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9c9e4b08c986b3224f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, D.G.","contributorId":30008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skogerboe, J.G.","contributorId":59994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skogerboe","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Getsinger, K.D.","contributorId":103047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getsinger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, D.R.","contributorId":27233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houtman, B.A.","contributorId":62378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houtman","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, L. W.","contributorId":68822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023086,"text":"70023086 - 2001 - Geologic structures related to New Madrid earthquakes near Memphis, Tennessee, based on gravity and magnetic interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023086","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic structures related to New Madrid earthquakes near Memphis, Tennessee, based on gravity and magnetic interpretations","docAbstract":"New inversions of gravity and magnetic data in the region north of memphis. Tennessee, and south of latitude 36?? define boundaries of regional structures and igneous complexes in the upper crust. Microseismicity patterns near interpreted boundaries suggest that igneous complexes influence the locations of microseismicity. A weak seismicity cluster occurs near one intrusion (Covington pluton), at the intersection of the southwest margin of the Missouri batholith and the southeast margin of the Reelfoot rift. A narrow seismicity trend along the Reelfoot rift axis becomes diffuse near a second intrusion (Osceola intrusive complex) and changes direction to an area along the northwest flank of the intrusion. The axial seismicity trend also contains a tight cluster of earthquakes located just outside the Osceola intrusive complex. The mechanical explanation of the two seismicity patterns is uncertain, but the first cluster may be caused by stress concentration due to the high elastic stiffness and strength of the Covington intrusion. The spatially changing seismicity pattern near the Osceola complex may be caused by the preceding factors plus interaction with faulting along the rift axis. The axial seismicity strand itself is one of several connected and interacting active strands that may produce stress concentrations at strand ends and junctions. The microseismicity clusters at the peripheries of the two intrusions lead us to conclude that these stress concentrations or stressed volumes may be locations of future moderate to large earthquakes near Memphis. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00056-4","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Stuart, W., and Talwani, P., 2001, Geologic structures related to New Madrid earthquakes near Memphis, Tennessee, based on gravity and magnetic interpretations: Engineering Geology, v. 62, no. 1-3, p. 105-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00056-4.","startPage":"105","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00056-4"},{"id":233369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a21eee4b0c8380cd56bf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuart, W.D.","contributorId":65865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talwani, P.","contributorId":101420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talwani","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014994,"text":"1014994 - 2001 - Guidance of yearling shortnose and pallid sturgeon using vertical bar rack and louver arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T20:26:43.969637","indexId":"1014994","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Guidance of yearling shortnose and pallid sturgeon using vertical bar rack and louver arrays","docAbstract":"<p><span>Some populations of shortnose sturgeon&nbsp;</span><i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i><span>&nbsp;and pallid sturgeon&nbsp;</span><i>Scaphirhynchus albus</i><span>&nbsp;have been divided by hydroelectric dams, and migration downstream past the dams likely continues. No protection for downstream migrants is presently available, and the behavior of sturgeon to guidance structures has not been studied. We conducted experiments in a 5.4-m-long × 1.5-m-wide flume with a water depth of 37 cm to determine the guidance efficiency and behavior of yearling shortnose and pallid sturgeon to two guidance structures, a bar rack and a louver array. We tested one vertical bar rack configuration with slats spaced 3.9 cm apart (clear spacing). The bar rack slats were oriented directly into the approach flow, and the row of slats was oriented at a 45° angle to the flow. We tested two louver array configurations, one with slats spaced 3.9 cm apart and one with slats spaced 9.0 cm apart (clear spacing). Louver slats were oriented at a 90° angle to the flow, and the row of slats was oriented at a 20° angle to the approach flow. Mean approach velocity to both structures was 31–34 cm/s. Eighteen shortnose sturgeon tagged with passive integrated transponders were tested once in each configuration; 24–38 pallid sturgeon were tested in each configuration. Shortnose sturgeon showed some behavioral differences due to experience with the bar rack, but experience did not affect the percent guided. Both sturgeon species were guided efficiently by the louver array (96–100%) but less efficiently by the bar rack (58–80%). Shortnose sturgeon were more likely to contact the bar rack at night than during the day (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.01) and at night were more likely to contact the bar rack than the louver array (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.006). Bar racks guided fewer individuals at night than during the day. For pallid sturgeon, the percentages guided by day and night were 80 and 58, respectively; for shortnose sturgeon, the percentages were 80 and 67. Both species used vision to avoid structures because both increased contact with structures at night. Shortnose sturgeon were superior to pallid sturgeon at swimming off the bottom and avoiding structures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0561:GOYSAP>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., and Horgan, M., 2001, Guidance of yearling shortnose and pallid sturgeon using vertical bar rack and louver arrays: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 561-570, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0561:GOYSAP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"570","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"S. O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.5786390403882,\n              42.58851067756049\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57876839137604,\n              42.58900270989463\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57873605362943,\n              42.58944712285822\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57833722141632,\n              42.591280292839656\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57838033841247,\n              42.59178023893199\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57849891015144,\n              42.5921135340993\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57860670264157,\n              42.59243095641085\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57862826113782,\n              42.592931326286134\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.5785312478966,\n              42.5934471299536\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57833722141483,\n              42.59385976981369\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57810007793687,\n              42.59414544196238\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57770124572441,\n              42.594486659757564\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57778747971611,\n              42.59474058806711\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57818631192922,\n              42.594954839273015\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57860670264009,\n              42.59531192297996\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57909176884486,\n              42.595034191384826\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.5803744994752,\n              42.59478026427206\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.58099969591673,\n              42.59457394773068\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.58178455735006,\n              42.59394097146128\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.58189234984016,\n              42.59384574724481\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.58225884430598,\n              42.593282334319554\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.58250676703281,\n              42.592687174289495\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.5827007935146,\n              42.59170316390674\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.58264689726956,\n              42.59129844545012\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.58252832553055,\n              42.59102863168573\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.58229118205263,\n              42.59079055974732\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.58212949331745,\n              42.59070326647529\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.5808791004351,\n              42.59046678706582\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.58016767000122,\n              42.59020490552268\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57969338304598,\n              42.58990334359527\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57948857731465,\n              42.589577972510256\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57949935656355,\n              42.589204984055556\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57939156407409,\n              42.58873676134661\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57928377158402,\n              42.58860978509037\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57903584885715,\n              42.58853042479879\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.5786390403882,\n              42.58851067756049\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65515e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horgan, Martin","contributorId":23492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horgan","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016041,"text":"1016041 - 2001 - From open to closed canopy: A century of change in Douglas-fir forest, Orcas Island, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:46","indexId":"1016041","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From open to closed canopy: A century of change in Douglas-fir forest, Orcas Island, Washington","docAbstract":"During the past century, forest structure on south-facing slopes of Mount Constitution,\r\nOrcas Island, Washington, has changed from open-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga\r\nmenziesii) mixed with prairie to primarily closed canopy forest. Density of open-grown\r\nDouglas-fir was approximately 7 stems/ha in the 19th century, while current density of\r\ntrees in closed-canopy mature forest is 426 stems/ha. Trees occur at intermediate\r\ndensities in areas of transition from savanna-like stands to closed canopy. Analysis of fire\r\nscars indicates that at least seven fires have occurred on Mount Constitution since 1736,\r\nbut only one fire has occurred since 1893, which suggests that the recent increase in stem\r\ndensity has been caused primarily by fire exclusion. The high stem densities currently\r\nfound in this landscape put the relict (120-350+ years old) Douglas-fir at risk from\r\ncontemporary fires, which would likely be high-intensity crown fires. Given the\r\ntransition of forests on Orcas Island during the 20th century to closed canopy structure,\r\nundisturbed open-grown coniferous forest is now extremely rare in the San Juan Islands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.L., and Hammer, R., 2001, From open to closed canopy: A century of change in Douglas-fir forest, Orcas Island, Washington: Northwest Science, v. 75, no. 3, p. 262-269.","productDescription":"p. 262-269","startPage":"262","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b449e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammer, R.D.","contributorId":23907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammer","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023044,"text":"70023044 - 2001 - Decreased glutathione S-transferase expression and activity and altered sex steroids in Lake Apopka brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70023044","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decreased glutathione S-transferase expression and activity and altered sex steroids in Lake Apopka brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus)","docAbstract":"A number of freshwater lakes and reclaimed agricultural sites in Central Florida have been the receiving waters for agrochemical and municipal runoff. One of these sites, Lake Apopka, is also a eutrophic system that has been the focus of several case studies reporting altered reproductive activity linked to bioaccumulation of persistent organochlorine chemicals in aquatic species. The present study was initiated to determine if brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus) from the north marsh of Lake Apopka (Lake Apopka Marsh) exhibit an altered capacity to detoxify environmental chemicals through hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mediated conjugation as compared with bullheads from a nearby reference site (Lake Woodruff). We also compared plasma sex hormone concentrations (testosterone, 17-?? estradiol, and 11 keto-testosterone) in bullheads from the two sites. Female bullheads from Lake Apopka had 40% lower initial rate GST conjugative activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 50% lower activity towards p-nitrobutyl chloride (NBC), 33% lower activity toward ethacrynic acid (ECA), and 43% lower activity toward ??5-androstene-3,17-dione (??5-ADI), as compared with female bullheads from Lake Woodruff. Enzyme kinetic analyses demonstrated that female bullheads from Lake Apopka had lower GST-catalyzed CDNB clearance than did female Lake Woodruff bullheads. Western blotting studies of bullhead liver cytosolic proteins demonstrated that the reduced GST catalytic activities in female Lake Apopka bullheads were accompanied by lower expression of hepatic GST protein. No site differences were observed with respect to GST activities or GST protein expression in male bullheads. Female Lake Apopka bullheads also had elevated concentrations of plasma androgens (testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone) as compared with females from Lake Woodruff. In contrast, male Lake Apopka bullheads had elevated levels of plasma estrogen but similar levels of androgens as compared with male bullheads from Lake Woodruff. Collectively, our studies indicate the presence of reduced GST protein expression, reduced GST conjugative capacity and altered sex steroid homeostasis in female bullheads from a contaminated field site in Central Florida. The implications of these physiological alterations in terms of pollutant biotransformation and reproduction are discussed. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00158-8","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Gallagher, E., Gross, T., and Sheehy, K., 2001, Decreased glutathione S-transferase expression and activity and altered sex steroids in Lake Apopka brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 55, no. 3-4, p. 223-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00158-8.","startPage":"223","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00158-8"},{"id":233874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe17e4b0c8380cd4eaff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallagher, E.P.","contributorId":70969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallagher","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheehy, K.M.","contributorId":77711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheehy","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023634,"text":"70023634 - 2001 - Lack of selection for resistance to whirling disease among progeny of Colorado River rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023634","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lack of selection for resistance to whirling disease among progeny of Colorado River rainbow trout","docAbstract":"We compared the resistance to whirling disease of two groups of Colorado River rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and a domestic strain of rainbow trout in a controlled laboratory challenge. These three groups represented the progeny of wild rainbow trout known to have recruited (1) during the early years of infestation by Myxobolus cerebralis of the Colorado River or (2) before the presence of M. cerebralis in the system and (3) the Erwin strain of rainbow trout. The severity of whirling disease in each group was dependent on the dose of triactinomyxons of M. cerebralis to which the fish were exposed. Microscopic lesions and spore counts both increased with increasing parasite dose. Survival of the progeny of Colorado fish that recruited before the presence of M. cerebralis in the system was significantly less than was that of the domestic fish exposed to 0 and 1,000 triactinomyxons/fish. The parents that recruited to the system before the presence of M. cerebralis were considerably older than were those used for our domestic strain; this difference in parent age probably resulted in the difference in survival because egg quality decreases with age in rainbow trout. There was no difference in microscopic lesions, spore counts, or swimming performance among the three groups of rainbow trout when exposed at the same parasite level, indicating that there was no difference in resistance to whirling disease among these groups of fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0063:LOSFRT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Ryce, E., Zale, A., and Nehring, R., 2001, Lack of selection for resistance to whirling disease among progeny of Colorado River rainbow trout: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 13, no. 1, p. 63-68, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0063:LOSFRT>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"63","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207631,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0063:LOSFRT>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a412be4b0c8380cd6535e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryce, E.K.N.","contributorId":35508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryce","given":"E.K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zale, A.V.","contributorId":15793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nehring, R.B.","contributorId":38741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nehring","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023315,"text":"70023315 - 2001 - Analysis of radiation-induced small Cu particle cluster formation in aqueous CuCl2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023315","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2207,"text":"Journal of Chemical Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of radiation-induced small Cu particle cluster formation in aqueous CuCl2","docAbstract":"Radition-induced small Cu particle cluster formation in aqueous CuCl2 was analyzed. It was noticed that nearest neighbor distance increased with the increase in the time of irradiation. This showed that the clusters approached the lattice dimension of bulk copper. As the average cluster size approached its bulk dimensions, an increase in the nearest neighbor coordination number was found with the decrease in the surface to volume ratio. Radiolysis of water by incident x-ray beam led to the reduction of copper ions in the solution to themetallic state.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chemical Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1063/1.1379758","issn":"00219606","usgsCitation":"Jayanetti, S., Mayanovic, R.A., Anderson, A.J., Bassett, W.A., and Chou, I., 2001, Analysis of radiation-induced small Cu particle cluster formation in aqueous CuCl2: Journal of Chemical Physics, v. 115, no. 2, p. 954-962, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1379758.","startPage":"954","endPage":"962","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1379758"},{"id":232723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb2ae4b0c8380cd48c70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jayanetti, Sumedha","contributorId":84114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayanetti","given":"Sumedha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayanovic, Robert A.","contributorId":88528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayanovic","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Alan J.","contributorId":28770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bassett, William A.","contributorId":47533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023666,"text":"70023666 - 2001 - Standardized seawater rearing of chinook salmon smolts to evaluate hatchery practices showed low statistical power","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T16:27:50","indexId":"70023666","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standardized seawater rearing of chinook salmon smolts to evaluate hatchery practices showed low statistical power","docAbstract":"<p>We examined, under standardized conditions, seawater survival of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at the smolt stage to evaluate the experimental hatchery practices applied to their rearing. The experimental rearing practices included rearing fish at different densities; attempting to control bacterial kidney disease with broodstock segregation, erythromycin injection, and an experimental diet; rearing fish on different water sources; and freeze branding the fish. After application of experimental rearing practices in hatcheries, smolts were transported to a rearing facility for about 2-3 months of seawater rearing. Of 16 experiments, 4 yielded statistically significant differences in seawater survival. In general we found that high variability among replicates, plus the low numbers of replicates available, resulted in low statistical power. We recommend including four or five replicates and using ?? = 0.10 in 1-tailed tests of hatchery experiments to try to increase the statistical power to 0.80.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0409:SSROCS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Palmisano, A.N., and Elder, N., 2001, Standardized seawater rearing of chinook salmon smolts to evaluate hatchery practices showed low statistical power: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 130, no. 3, p. 409-416, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0409:SSROCS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"416","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207544,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0409:SSROCS>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"130","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96b0e4b08c986b31b663","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmisano, Aldo N.","contributorId":36653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmisano","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elder, N.E.","contributorId":57626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015010,"text":"1015010 - 2001 - Fish species composition two second-order headwater streams the North Central Appalachians ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T18:06:34.908287","indexId":"1015010","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish species composition two second-order headwater streams the North Central Appalachians ecoregion","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fish species composition was determined for two second-order headwater streams within the North Central Appalachians ecoregion in northern Pennsylvania. The two streams were widely spaced geographically (over 193 km apart) and occurred in different drainage systems. Streams were sampled in the spring and fall over two years (1996–98) yielding similar fish assemblages. A total of five species was collected. Mottled sculpin (</span><i>Cottus bairdli</i><span>), slimy sculpin (</span><i>Cottus cognatus</i><span>), brook trout (</span><i>Salvetinus fontinalis</i><span>), and brown trout (</span><i>Salmo trutta</i><span>) were the dominant adult fishes. Two creek chubs (</span><i>Semotilus atromaculatus</i><span>) were also collected. No significant differences were found in sculpin weight, sculpin length, salmonid length, or brook trout length between streams. Paired t-tests detected eight significant seasonal differences within sites. Brook trout and mottled sculpin lengths were significantly greater in fall versus spring, while the reverse was found with slimy sculpins. Catches per unit effort were similar between the two streams, yielding 8.46 and 8.07 fish per minute of electrofishing. Both streams were very similar in faunal assemblages attributed to small, coldwater, high quality headwater streams in other regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2001.9663785","usgsCitation":"DiLauro, M.N., and Bennett, R.M., 2001, Fish species composition two second-order headwater streams the North Central Appalachians ecoregion: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 35-43, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2001.9663785.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2001.9663785","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvanaia","county":"McKean County, Tioga County","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Mountains, Buck Run, Mud Lick Run","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.5079,\n              41.60584\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5079,\n              41.60583\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5077,\n              41.60583\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5077,\n              41.60584\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5079,\n              41.60584\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.91177,\n              41.78019\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.91177,\n              41.78018\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.91176,\n              41.78018\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.91176,\n              41.78019\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.91177,\n              41.78019\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef64a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiLauro, M. N.","contributorId":75475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLauro","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, R. M.","contributorId":97852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016189,"text":"1016189 - 2001 - Recent growth of conifer species of western North America: Assessing spatial patterns of radial growth trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:59","indexId":"1016189","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent growth of conifer species of western North America: Assessing spatial patterns of radial growth trends","docAbstract":"We explored spatial patterns of low-frequency variability in radial tree growth among western North American conifer species and identified predictors of the variability in these patterns. Using 185 sites from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank, each of which contained 10a??60 raw ring-width series, we rebuilt two chronologies for each site, using two conservative methods designed to retain any low-frequency variability associated with recent environmental change. We used factor analysis to identify regional low-frequency patterns in site chronologies and estimated the slope of the growth trend since 1850 at each site from a combination of linear regression and time-series techniques. This slope was the response variable in a regression-tree model to predict the effects of environmental gradients and species-level differences on growth trends. Growth patterns at 27 sites from the American Southwest were consistent with quasi-periodic patterns of drought. Either 12 or 32 of the 185 sites demonstrated patterns of increasing growth between 1850 and 1980 A.D., depending on the standardization technique used. Pronounced growth increases were associated with high-elevation sites (above 3000 m) and high-latitude sites in maritime climates. Future research focused on these high-elevation and high-latitude sites should address the precise mechanisms responsible for increased 20th century growth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, D., Hessl, A.E., and Peterson, D.L., 2001, Recent growth of conifer species of western North America: Assessing spatial patterns of radial growth trends: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 31, no. 3, p. 526-538.","productDescription":"p. 526-538","startPage":"526","endPage":"538","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, D.","contributorId":34093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hessl, Amy E.","contributorId":44517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessl","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023740,"text":"70023740 - 2001 - Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide Escherichia coli growth, chemical, composition, and cellular envelope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023740","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide Escherichia coli growth, chemical, composition, and cellular envelope","docAbstract":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide widely used in the world and mainly excreted by the renal route in exposed humans and animals. Herbicides can affect other nontarget organisms, such as Escherichia coli. We observed that a single exposure to 1 mM 2,4-D diminished growth and total protein content in all E. coli strains tested in vitro. In addition, successive exposures to 0.01 mM 2,4-D had a toxic effect decreasing growth up to early stationary phase. Uropathogenic E. coli adhere to epithelial cells mediated by fimbriae, adhesins, and hydrophobic properties. 2,4-D exposure of uropathogenic E. coli demonstrated altered hydrophobicity and fimbriation. Hydrophobicity index values obtained by partition in p-xylene/water were 300-420% higher in exposed cells than in control ones. Furthermore, values of hemagglutination titer, protein contents in fimbrial crude extract, and electron microscopy demonstrated a significant diminution of fimbriation in treated cells. Other envelope alterations could be detected, such as lipoperoxidation, evidenced by decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased lipid degradation products (malonaldehyde), and motility diminution. These alterations decreased cell adherence to erythrocytes, indicating a diminished pathogenic capacity of the 2,4-D-exposed E. coli. ?? 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<43::AID-TOX50>3.0.CO;2-R","issn":"15204081","usgsCitation":"Carr, R., Biedenbach, J., and Hooten, R., 2001, Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide Escherichia coli growth, chemical, composition, and cellular envelope: Environmental Toxicology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<43::AID-TOX50>3.0.CO;2-R.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207524,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<43::AID-TOX50>3.0.CO;2-R"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05b2e4b0c8380cd50ef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, R.S.","contributorId":31353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biedenbach, J.M.","contributorId":108262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbach","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, R.L.","contributorId":25323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023578,"text":"70023578 - 2001 - Juxtaposition of Neoproterozoic units along the Baruda - Tulu Dimtu shear-belt in the East African Orogen of western Ethiopia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023578","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juxtaposition of Neoproterozoic units along the Baruda - Tulu Dimtu shear-belt in the East African Orogen of western Ethiopia","docAbstract":"Amalgamation of East and West Gondwanaland during the Neoproterozoic East African Orogen is recorded by several shear-belts or 'suture zones', some of which are associated with ultramafic and mafic complexes that have been interpreted as ophiolite fragments. The Baruda shear-belt is a major structure of this type that belongs to the N-S trending Barka - Tulu Dimtu zone. The significance of this zone has been studied within a transect in western Ethiopia which covers a variety of metasedimentary and metavolcanic sequences, ultramafic rocks and synkinematic intrusive complexes. All rocks participated in the regional D1 event as reflected in a penetrative steep foliation in supracrustal rocks and marginal parts of the intrusions. Highly strained rocks contain a stretching lineation that plunge to the east. The several-km thick Baruda shear-belt, comprising mylonitic supracrustal and plutonic rocks including mafic-ultramafic mega-lenses, is the most prominent expression of this event. Shear-sense indicators demonstrate top-to-the-west shear. Subsequent D2 deformation is recorded in 2-300 m wide, N-S striking, subvertical shear-zones with subhorizontal stretching lineation relatable to sinistral transcurrent movements. Our data indicate that rock units on either side of the Baruda shear-belt are related, rather than being exotic to each other as implied in suture zone models, since there is no major lithologic or metamorphic difference, geochemical data on metavolcanic rocks and pre-tectonic intrusions suggest a paleotectonic link, and style and extent of deformation is similar across the shear-belt. A tentative model for the transect suggests an arc and back-arc setting which experienced later continental collision and tectonic shortening. The initial setting was that of a shallow marine platform characterised by carbonates and sandstones, which covered extensive areas prior to break-up of a pre-existing supercontinent. Continental convergence is first recorded in high-K calc-alkaline volcanism characterised by pyroclastic deposits of andesitic composition, at an active continental margin at about 800 Ma. Subaerial arc volcanism was temporally and spatially overlapping with limited arc rifting, represented by submarine basalts compositionally transitional between enriched MORB and calc-alkaline magmas, and associated dyke swarms in the older carbonate-sandstone platform sequence. It is suggested that the large, mafic-ultramafic, bodies relate to this event and were originally formed as intrusions along one or more propagating rift axis within the arc complex. The regional Baruda shear-belt formed in response to contractional D1 deformation, and its location may have been largely controlled by competence contrasts between the array of rift-related intrusions and the marble-dominated lithologies. Associated shortening of the arc and back-arc region led to crustal thickening and emplacement of synkinematic, composite, batholiths at about 570-550 Ma. These are composed of moderately peraluminous granite and coeval, intermediate to mafic intrusions of shoshonitic affinity. D2 sinistral movements succeeded the contractional deformation. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00143-1","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Braathen, A., Grenne, T., Selassie, M., and Worku, T., 2001, Juxtaposition of Neoproterozoic units along the Baruda - Tulu Dimtu shear-belt in the East African Orogen of western Ethiopia: Precambrian Research, v. 107, no. 3-4, p. 215-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00143-1.","startPage":"215","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207473,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00143-1"},{"id":232454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a403ce4b0c8380cd64bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braathen, A.","contributorId":74169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braathen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grenne, Tor","contributorId":7460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenne","given":"Tor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35509,"text":"Geological Survey of Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selassie, M.G.","contributorId":54764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selassie","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Worku, T.","contributorId":92016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worku","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023769,"text":"70023769 - 2001 - New digital magnetic anomaly database for North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T17:10:01.942784","indexId":"70023769","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3568,"text":"The Leading Edge","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New digital magnetic anomaly database for North America","docAbstract":"<p>The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Consejo de Recursos Minerales of Mexico (CRM) are compiling an upgraded digital magnetic anomaly database and map for North America. This trinational project is expected to be completed by late 2002.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1487297","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Finn, C., Pilkington, M., Cuevas, A., Hernandez, I., and Urrutia, J., 2001, New digital magnetic anomaly database for North America: The Leading Edge, v. 20, no. 8, p. 870-872, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1487297.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"870","endPage":"872","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-63.6645,46.55],[-62.0121,46.4431],[-62.8743,45.9682],[-64.1428,46.3927],[-64.3926,46.7275],[-64.0149,47.036],[-63.6645,46.55]]],[[[-61.8063,49.1051],[-63.5893,49.4007],[-64.5191,49.873],[-62.8583,49.7064],[-61.8063,49.1051]]],[[[-123.51,48.51],[-124.0129,48.3709],[-125.655,48.825],[-127.03,49.815],[-128.0593,49.995],[-128.4446,50.5391],[-128.3584,50.7707],[-125.755,50.295],[-124.9208,49.4753],[-123.9225,49.0625],[-123.51,48.51]]],[[[-56.134,50.687],[-56.7959,49.8123],[-56.1431,50.1501],[-55.4715,49.9358],[-55.8224,49.5871],[-54.9351,49.313],[-54.4738,49.5567],[-53.4766,49.2491],[-53.786,48.5168],[-53.0861,48.6878],[-52.6481,47.5356],[-53.0692,46.6555],[-54.1789,46.8071],[-53.9619,47.6252],[-54.2405,47.7523],[-55.4008,46.885],[-55.9975,46.9197],[-55.2912,47.3896],[-56.2508,47.6326],[-59.266,47.6034],[-59.4195,47.8995],[-58.7966,48.2515],[-59.2316,48.5232],[-58.3918,49.1256],[-57.3587,50.7183],[-56.7387,51.2874],[-55.407,51.5883],[-56.134,50.687]]],[[[-133.18,54.17],[-131.75,54.12],[-132.0495,52.9846],[-131.179,52.1804],[-131.5778,52.1824],[-133.0546,53.4115],[-133.18,54.17]]],[[[-79.2658,62.1587],[-79.6575,61.6331],[-80.3622,62.0165],[-79.9294,62.3856],[-79.2658,62.1587]]],[[[-81.8983,62.7108],[-83.0686,62.1592],[-83.7746,62.1823],[-83.9937,62.4528],[-83.2505,62.9141],[-81.877,62.9046],[-81.8983,62.7108]]],[[[-85.1613,65.6573],[-84.9758,65.2175],[-84.464,65.3718],[-81.642,64.4551],[-81.5534,63.9796],[-80.8174,64.0575],[-80.1035,63.726],[-80.991,63.4113],[-82.5472,63.6517],[-83.1088,64.1019],[-85.5234,63.0524],[-85.8668,63.6373],[-87.222,63.5412],[-86.3528,64.0358],[-85.8839,65.7388],[-85.1613,65.6573]]],[[[-75.8659,67.1489],[-76.9869,67.0987],[-77.2364,67.5881],[-76.8117,68.1486],[-75.8952,68.2872],[-75.1145,68.0104],[-75.216,67.4443],[-75.8659,67.1489]]],[[[-95.6477,69.1077],[-96.2695,68.757],[-97.6174,69.06],[-98.4318,68.9507],[-99.7974,69.4],[-98.2183,70.1435],[-96.5574,69.68],[-95.6477,69.1077]]],[[[-90.5471,69.4977],[-90.5515,68.475],[-89.2152,69.2587],[-88.0197,68.6151],[-88.3175,67.8734],[-87.3502,67.1987],[-86.3061,67.9215],[-85.5766,68.7846],[-85.522,69.8821],[-82.6226,69.6583],[-81.2804,69.162],[-81.2202,68.6657],[-81.9644,68.1325],[-81.2593,67.5972],[-81.3865,67.1108],[-83.3446,66.4115],[-84.7354,66.2573],[-85.7694,66.5583],[-87.3232,64.7756],[-88.483,64.099],[-89.9144,64.0327],[-90.704,63.6102],[-90.77,62.9602],[-91.9334,62.8351],[-93.157,62.0247],[-94.2415,60.8987],[-94.6293,60.1102],[-94.6846,58.9488],[-93.215,58.7821],[-92.297,57.0871],[-90.8977,57.2847],[-89.0395,56.8517],[-87.3242,55.9991],[-85.0118,55.3026],[-82.2729,55.1483],[-82.4362,54.2823],[-82.125,53.277],[-81.4008,52.1579],[-79.9129,51.2084],[-79.143,51.5339],[-78.6019,52.5621],[-79.1242,54.1415],[-79.8296,54.6677],[-78.2287,55.1365],[-77.0956,55.8374],[-76.5414,56.5342],[-76.6232,57.2026],[-77.3023,58.0521],[-78.5169,58.8046],[-77.3368,59.8526],[-78.1069,62.3196],[-77.4107,62.5505],[-74.6682,62.1811],[-73.8399,62.4438],[-71.6771,61.5254],[-71.3737,61.1372],[-69.5904,61.0614],[-69.2879,58.9574],[-68.3746,58.8011],[-67.6498,58.2121],[-66.2018,58.7673],[-64.5835,60.3356],[-61.3966,56.9675],[-61.7987,56.3395],[-59.5696,55.2041],[-57.3332,54.6265],[-56.9369,53.7803],[-56.1581,53.6475],[-55.7563,53.2704],[-55.6834,52.1466],[-57.1269,51.4197],[-58.7748,51.0643],[-60.0331,50.2428],[-61.7237,50.0805],[-66.3991,50.229],[-67.2363,49.5116],[-68.5111,49.0684],[-71.1046,46.8217],[-70.2552,46.9861],[-68.65,48.3],[-66.5524,49.1331],[-65.0563,49.2328],[-64.171,48.7425],[-65.1155,48.0709],[-64.4722,46.2385],[-63.1733,45.739],[-61.5207,45.8838],[-60.5182,47.0079],[-60.4486,46.2826],[-59.8029,45.9204],[-61.0399,45.2653],[-64.2466,44.2655],[-65.3641,43.5452],[-66.1234,43.6187],[-66.1617,44.4651],[-64.4255,45.292],[-67.1374,45.1375],[-66.9647,44.8097],[-70.1162,43.6841],[-70.6455,43.0902],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.885,41.9228],[-69.965,41.6372],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.2413,41.1195],[-71.945,40.93],[-74.2567,40.4735],[-73.9624,40.4276],[-74.1784,39.7093],[-74.906,38.9395],[-75.5281,39.4985],[-75.0567,38.4041],[-75.9402,37.2169],[-75.7221,37.9371],[-76.2329,38.3192],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.5427,38.7176],[-76.3293,38.0833],[-76.99,38.24],[-76.3016,37.9179],[-76.2587,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.8973],[-75.7275,35.5507],[-76.3632,34.8085],[-77.3976,34.512],[-78.055,33.9255],[-79.0607,33.494],[-79.2036,33.1584],[-80.3013,32.5094],[-81.3363,31.4405],[-81.4904,30.73],[-81.3137,30.0355],[-80.0565,26.88],[-80.381,25.2062],[-81.1721,25.2013],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.8553,27.8862],[-82.65,28.55],[-83.7096,29.9366],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.1088,29.6362],[-86.4,30.4],[-89.5938,30.16],[-89.2177,29.2911],[-89.4082,29.1596],[-89.7793,29.3071],[-90.8802,29.1485],[-91.6268,29.677],[-93.8484,29.7136],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.6003,28.7386],[-96.594,28.3075],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.703,24.2723],[-97.8724,22.4442],[-97.1893,20.6354],[-95.9009,18.828],[-94.8391,18.5627],[-94.4257,18.1444],[-91.4079,18.8761],[-90.7719,19.2841],[-90.2786,20.9999],[-88.5439,21.4937],[-87.0519,21.5435],[-86.812,21.3315],[-86.8459,20.8499],[-87.6211,19.6466],[-87.4368,19.4724],[-87.8372,18.2598],[-88.3,18.5],[-88.1068,18.3487],[-88.3554,16.5308],[-88.9306,15.8873],[-88.1212,15.6887],[-87.9018,15.8645],[-86.9032,15.7567],[-84.9837,15.9959],[-83.4104,15.2709],[-83.1472,14.9958],[-83.1821,14.3107],[-83.5198,13.5677],[-83.4733,12.4191],[-83.8555,11.3733],[-83.4023,10.3954],[-82.1871,9.2075],[-82.2076,8.9956],[-81.7142,9.032],[-81.4393,8.7862],[-79.5733,9.6116],[-78.0559,9.2477],[-77.3534,8.6705],[-77.2426,7.9353],[-77.4311,7.6381],[-77.7534,7.7098],[-77.8816,7.2238],[-78.4292,8.052],[-78.1821,8.3192],[-79.1203,8.9961],[-79.5579,8.9324],[-79.7606,8.5845],[-80.3827,8.2984],[-80.4807,8.0903],[-80.0037,7.5475],[-80.4212,7.2716],[-80.8864,7.2205],[-81.0595,7.8179],[-81.5195,7.7066],[-81.7213,8.109],[-82.8201,8.2909],[-82.851,8.0738],[-83.5084,8.4469],[-83.7115,8.6568],[-83.6326,9.0514],[-84.6476,9.6155],[-84.7134,9.9081],[-84.9757,10.0867],[-85.1109,9.557],[-85.6608,9.9334],[-85.6593,10.7543],[-85.9417,10.8953],[-85.7125,11.0884],[-87.6685,12.9099],[-87.3167,12.9847],[-87.4894,13.2975],[-88.4833,13.164],[-90.6086,13.9098],[-91.2324,13.9278],[-93.3595,15.6154],[-94.6917,16.201],[-96.5574,15.6535],[-100.8295,17.1711],[-101.9185,17.9161],[-103.501,18.2923],[-104.992,19.3161],[-105.493,19.9468],[-105.7314,20.4341],[-105.3978,20.5317],[-105.2658,21.4221],[-106.0287,22.7738],[-108.4019,25.1723],[-109.2602,25.5806],[-109.4441,25.8249],[-109.2916,26.4429],[-110.3917,27.1621],[-110.641,27.8599],[-111.1789,27.9412],[-112.2282,28.9544],[-113.1638,30.7869],[-113.1487,31.171],[-114.7765,31.7995],[-114.9367,31.3935],[-114.6739,30.1627],[-111.6165,26.6628],[-110.6551,24.2986],[-110.1729,24.2656],[-109.4334,23.1856],[-110.0314,22.8231],[-110.2951,23.431],[-112.182,24.7384],[-112.3007,26.012],[-114.4658,27.1421],[-115.0551,27.7227],[-114.5704,27.7415],[-114.1993,28.115],[-114.162,28.5661],[-115.5187,29.5564],[-117.2959,33.0462],[-118.4106,33.7409],[-118.5199,34.0278],[-120.6229,34.6086],[-120.7443,35.1569],[-121.7146,36.1615],[-122.512,37.7834],[-123.7272,38.9517],[-123.8652,39.767],[-124.3981,40.3132],[-124.2137,41.9996],[-124.5328,42.766],[-124.1421,43.7084],[-123.8989,45.5234],[-124.0796,46.8648],[-124.6872,48.1844],[-124.5661,48.3797],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.5874,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.84,49],[-125.6246,50.4166],[-127.4356,50.8306],[-127.9928,51.7158],[-127.8503,52.3296],[-129.1298,52.7554],[-129.3052,53.5616],[-130.515,54.2876],[-130.5361,54.8028],[-131.9672,55.4978],[-132.25,56.37],[-133.5392,57.1789],[-134.0781,58.1231],[-136.6281,58.2122],[-137.8,58.5],[-139.8678,59.5378],[-142.5744,60.0845],[-143.9589,59.9992],[-147.1144,60.8847],[-148.2243,60.673],[-148.0181,59.9783],[-151.7164,59.1558],[-151.8594,59.745],[-151.4097,60.7258],[-150.3469,61.0336],[-150.6211,61.2844],[-154.0192,59.3503],[-153.2875,58.8647],[-154.2325,58.1464],[-156.3083,57.4228],[-156.5561,56.98],[-158.1172,56.4636],[-158.4333,55.9942],[-164.7856,54.4042],[-164.9422,54.5722],[-161.8042,55.895],[-160.5636,56.0081],[-157.7228,57.57],[-157.5503,58.3283],[-157.0417,58.9189],[-158.1947,58.6158],[-158.5172,58.7878],[-159.0586,58.4242],[-159.7117,58.9314],[-159.9813,58.5726],[-160.3553,59.0711],[-161.9689,58.6717],[-161.8742,59.6336],[-162.5181,59.9897],[-163.8183,59.7981],[-165.3464,60.5075],[-165.3508,61.0739],[-166.1214,61.5],[-164.5625,63.1464],[-163.0672,63.0595],[-162.2606,63.5419],[-161.5345,63.4558],[-160.7725,63.7661],[-160.9583,64.2228],[-161.5181,64.4028],[-160.7778,64.7886],[-162.7578,64.3386],[-163.5464,64.5592],[-164.9608,64.447],[-166.4253,64.6867],[-168.1106,65.67],[-164.4747,66.5767],[-163.6525,66.5767],[-163.7886,66.0772],[-161.6778,66.1161],[-162.4897,66.7356],[-163.7197,67.1164],[-165.3903,68.0428],[-166.7644,68.3589],[-166.2047,68.883],[-164.4308,68.9155],[-163.1686,69.3711],[-162.9306,69.8581],[-161.9089,70.3333],[-159.0392,70.8916],[-158.1197,70.8247],[-156.5808,71.3578],[-155.0678,71.1478],[-154.3442,70.6964],[-153.9,70.89],[-152.21,70.83],[-152.27,70.6],[-150.74,70.43],[-149.72,70.53],[-144.92,69.99],[-143.5895,70.1525],[-136.5036,68.898],[-134.4146,69.6274],[-132.9293,69.5053],[-129.7947,70.1937],[-129.1077,69.7793],[-128.3616,70.0129],[-128.1382,70.4838],[-127.4471,70.3772],[-125.7563,69.4806],[-124.4248,70.1584],[-124.2897,69.3997],[-123.0611,69.5637],[-122.6835,69.8555],[-121.4723,69.7978],[-117.6027,69.0113],[-115.2469,68.9059],[-113.8979,68.3989],[-115.3049,67.9026],[-113.4973,67.6882],[-109.9462,67.981],[-108.8802,67.3814],[-107.7924,67.8874],[-108.813,68.3116],[-108.1672,68.6539],[-106.15,68.8],[-104.3379,68.018],[-103.2212,68.0978],[-101.4543,67.6469],[-98.4432,67.7817],[-98.5586,68.4039],[-97.6695,68.5786],[-96.1199,68.2394],[-96.1259,67.2934],[-95.4894,68.0907],[-94.685,68.0638],[-94.2328,69.069],[-96.4713,70.0898],[-96.3912,71.1948],[-95.2088,71.9205],[-93.89,71.7602],[-92.8782,71.3187],[-91.5196,70.1913],[-92.4069,69.7],[-90.5471,69.4977]]],[[[-114.1672,73.1215],[-114.6663,72.6528],[-112.441,72.9554],[-111.0504,72.4504],[-109.9204,72.9611],[-109.0065,72.6334],[-108.1884,71.6509],[-107.686,72.0655],[-108.3964,73.0895],[-107.5165,73.236],[-106.5226,73.076],[-105.4025,72.6726],[-104.4648,70.993],[-100.9808,70.0243],[-101.0893,69.5845],[-102.7312,69.504],[-102.0933,69.1196],[-102.4302,68.7528],[-105.96,69.18],[-113.3132,68.5355],[-113.855,69.0074],[-115.22,69.28],[-116.1079,69.1682],[-117.34,69.96],[-112.4161,70.3664],[-114.35,70.6],[-117.9048,70.5406],[-118.4324,70.9092],[-116.1131,71.3092],[-119.402,71.5586],[-117.8664,72.7059],[-115.1891,73.3146],[-114.1672,73.1215]]],[[[-104.5,73.42],[-105.38,72.76],[-106.94,73.46],[-105.26,73.64],[-104.5,73.42]]],[[[-76.34,73.1027],[-76.2514,72.8264],[-79.4863,72.7422],[-80.8761,73.3332],[-80.8339,73.6932],[-80.3531,73.7597],[-78.0644,73.6519],[-76.34,73.1027]]],[[[-86.5622,73.1575],[-85.7744,72.5341],[-84.8501,73.3403],[-82.3156,73.751],[-80.6001,72.7165],[-80.7489,72.0619],[-78.7706,72.3522],[-77.8246,72.7496],[-74.2286,71.7671],[-74.0991,71.3308],[-72.2422,71.5569],[-71.2,70.92],[-68.7861,70.525],[-67.915,70.122],[-66.969,69.1861],[-68.8051,68.7202],[-64.8623,67.8475],[-63.4249,66.9285],[-61.852,66.8621],[-62.1632,66.1603],[-63.9184,64.9987],[-65.1489,65.426],[-66.7212,66.388],[-68.015,66.2627],[-68.1413,65.6898],[-65.3202,64.3827],[-64.6694,63.3929],[-65.0138,62.6742],[-68.7832,63.7457],[-66.3283,62.2801],[-66.1656,61.9309],[-71.0234,62.9107],[-72.2354,63.3978],[-71.8863,63.68],[-74.8344,64.6791],[-74.8185,64.3891],[-77.71,64.2295],[-78.556,64.5729],[-77.8973,65.3092],[-73.9598,65.4548],[-74.2939,65.8118],[-72.6512,67.2846],[-72.9261,67.7269],[-73.3116,68.0694],[-74.8433,68.5546],[-76.8691,68.8947],[-76.2287,69.1478],[-77.2874,69.7695],[-78.9572,70.1669],[-79.4925,69.8718],[-81.3055,69.7432],[-84.9447,69.9666],[-88.6817,70.4107],[-89.5134,70.762],[-88.4677,71.2182],[-89.8882,71.2226],[-90.2052,72.2351],[-89.4366,73.1295],[-88.4082,73.5379],[-85.8262,73.8038],[-86.5622,73.1575]]],[[[-100.3564,73.8439],[-99.1639,73.6334],[-97.38,73.76],[-97.12,73.47],[-98.0536,72.9905],[-96.54,72.56],[-96.72,71.66],[-98.3597,71.2729],[-99.3229,71.3564],[-102.5,72.51],[-102.48,72.83],[-100.4384,72.7059],[-101.54,73.36],[-100.3564,73.8439]]],[[[-93.1963,72.772],[-94.2691,72.0246],[-95.4099,72.0619],[-96.0338,72.9403],[-96.0183,73.4374],[-95.4958,73.8624],[-94.5037,74.1349],[-90.5098,73.8567],[-92.004,72.9662],[-93.1963,72.772]]],[[[-120.46,71.3836],[-123.0922,70.9016],[-123.62,71.34],[-125.929,71.8687],[-123.94,73.68],[-124.9178,74.2928],[-121.5379,74.4489],[-117.5556,74.1858],[-115.5108,73.4752],[-119.22,72.52],[-120.46,71.82],[-120.46,71.3836]]],[[[-93.6128,74.98],[-94.1569,74.5924],[-96.8209,74.9276],[-96.2886,75.3778],[-94.8508,75.6472],[-93.6128,74.98]]],[[[-98.5,76.72],[-97.7356,76.2566],[-97.7044,75.7434],[-98.16,75],[-99.8087,74.8974],[-100.8837,75.0574],[-100.8629,75.6408],[-102.5021,75.5638],[-102.5655,76.3366],[-98.5,76.72]]],[[[-108.2114,76.2017],[-107.8194,75.8455],[-105.881,75.9694],[-105.705,75.4795],[-106.3135,75.0053],[-109.7,74.85],[-112.2231,74.417],[-113.7438,74.3943],[-113.8714,74.7203],[-111.7942,75.1625],[-116.3122,75.0434],[-117.7104,75.2222],[-116.346,76.199],[-115.4049,76.4789],[-112.5906,76.1413],[-110.8142,75.5492],[-109.0671,75.4732],[-110.4973,76.4298],[-109.5811,76.7942],[-108.5486,76.6783],[-108.2114,76.2017]]],[[[-94.6841,77.0979],[-93.5739,76.7763],[-91.605,76.7785],[-90.7419,76.4496],[-90.9697,76.074],[-89.1871,75.6102],[-86.3792,75.4824],[-81.1285,75.714],[-80.0575,75.3369],[-79.8339,74.9231],[-81.9488,74.4425],[-89.7647,74.5156],[-92.4224,74.8378],[-92.8899,75.8827],[-93.8938,76.3192],[-95.9625,76.4414],[-97.1214,76.7511],[-96.7451,77.1614],[-94.6841,77.0979]]],[[[-116.1986,77.6453],[-116.3358,76.877],[-117.1061,76.53],[-121.5,75.9],[-122.8549,76.1165],[-119.1039,77.5122],[-116.1986,77.6453]]],[[[-93.84,77.52],[-96.1697,77.5551],[-96.4363,77.8346],[-94.4226,77.82],[-93.7207,77.6343],[-93.84,77.52]]],[[[-110.1869,77.697],[-112.0512,77.4092],[-113.5343,77.7322],[-112.7246,78.0511],[-109.8545,77.9963],[-110.1869,77.697]]],[[[-109.6632,78.602],[-112.5421,78.4079],[-111.5,78.85],[-109.6632,78.602]]],[[[-95.8303,78.0569],[-97.3098,77.8506],[-98.1243,78.0829],[-98.5529,78.4581],[-98.632,78.8719],[-96.7544,78.7658],[-95.5593,78.4183],[-95.8303,78.0569]]],[[[-100.0602,78.3248],[-99.6709,77.9075],[-102.9498,78.3432],[-105.1761,78.3803],[-104.2104,78.6774],[-105.4196,78.9183],[-105.4923,79.3016],[-100.8252,78.8005],[-100.0602,78.3248]]],[[[-87.02,79.66],[-85.8144,79.3369],[-89.0354,78.2872],[-90.8044,78.2153],[-92.8767,78.3433],[-93.9512,78.751],[-93.9357,79.1137],[-93.1452,79.3801],[-94.974,79.3725],[-96.0761,79.705],[-96.7097,80.1578],[-95.3235,80.9073],[-94.2984,80.9773],[-94.7354,81.2065],[-92.4098,81.2574],[-91.1329,80.7235],[-87.81,80.32],[-87.02,79.66]]],[[[-68.5,83.1063],[-61.85,82.6286],[-61.8939,82.3617],[-67.6576,81.5014],[-65.4803,81.5066],[-69.4697,80.6168],[-71.18,79.8],[-76.9077,79.3231],[-75.5292,79.1977],[-76.2205,79.0191],[-75.3935,78.5258],[-79.7595,77.2097],[-79.6197,76.9834],[-77.9109,77.0221],[-77.8891,76.778],[-80.5613,76.1781],[-83.1744,76.454],[-86.1118,76.299],[-89.4907,76.4724],[-89.6161,76.9521],[-87.7674,77.1783],[-88.26,77.9],[-84.9763,77.5387],[-86.34,78.18],[-87.9619,78.3718],[-87.152,78.7587],[-85.3787,78.9969],[-85.095,79.3454],[-86.5073,79.7362],[-86.9318,80.2515],[-83.4087,80.1],[-81.8482,80.4644],[-87.599,80.5163],[-89.3666,80.8557],[-91.3679,81.5531],[-91.587,81.8943],[-86.9702,82.2796],[-85.5,82.6523],[-83.18,82.32],[-82.42,82.86],[-79.3066,83.1306],[-68.5,83.1063]]],[[[-71.7124,19.7145],[-70.8067,19.8803],[-69.9508,19.648],[-69.7693,19.2933],[-69.2221,19.3132],[-69.2544,19.0152],[-68.3179,18.6122],[-68.6893,18.2051],[-69.9529,18.4283],[-70.5171,18.1843],[-70.6693,18.4269],[-71,18.2833],[-71.4002,17.5986],[-71.7083,18.045],[-72.3725,18.215],[-73.9224,18.031],[-74.458,18.3426],[-74.3699,18.6649],[-72.6949,18.4458],[-72.3349,18.6684],[-72.7917,19.1016],[-72.7841,19.4836],[-73.415,19.6396],[-73.1898,19.9157],[-71.7124,19.7145]]],[[[-77.5696,18.4905],[-76.8966,18.4009],[-76.1997,17.8869],[-77.2063,17.7011],[-78.3377,18.226],[-78.2177,18.4545],[-77.5696,18.4905]]],[[[-66.2824,18.5148],[-65.591,18.228],[-65.8472,17.9759],[-67.1842,17.9466],[-67.1007,18.5206],[-66.2824,18.5148]]],[[[-155.5421,19.0835],[-155.6882,18.9162],[-155.9367,19.0594],[-156.0735,19.7029],[-155.8611,20.2672],[-155.2245,19.993],[-154.8074,19.5087],[-155.5421,19.0835]]],[[[-156.0793,20.644],[-156.4145,20.5724],[-156.7106,20.9268],[-156.2571,20.9175],[-156.0793,20.644]]],[[[-157.6528,21.3222],[-158.1267,21.3124],[-158.2927,21.5791],[-158.0252,21.717],[-157.6528,21.3222]]],[[[-159.3451,21.982],[-159.8005,22.0653],[-159.3657,22.2149],[-159.3451,21.982]]],[[[-153.0063,57.1158],[-154.0051,56.7347],[-154.5164,56.9928],[-154.671,57.4612],[-153.2287,57.969],[-152.5648,57.9014],[-152.1412,57.5911],[-153.0063,57.1158]]],[[[-165.5792,59.91],[-166.1928,59.7544],[-167.4553,60.2131],[-165.6744,60.2936],[-165.5792,59.91]]],[[[-171.7317,63.7825],[-168.6894,63.2975],[-169.5294,62.9769],[-170.6714,63.3758],[-171.5531,63.3178],[-171.7911,63.4059],[-171.7317,63.7825]]],[[[-82.2682,23.1886],[-80.6188,23.106],[-79.2815,22.3992],[-78.3474,22.5122],[-76.5238,21.2068],[-75.5982,21.0166],[-75.6711,20.7351],[-74.9339,20.6939],[-74.178,20.2846],[-74.2967,20.0504],[-74.9616,19.9234],[-77.7555,19.8555],[-77.0851,20.4134],[-78.1373,20.74],[-78.7199,21.5981],[-79.285,21.5592],[-82.17,22.3871],[-81.795,22.637],[-82.7759,22.6882],[-84.0522,21.9106],[-84.9749,21.896],[-83.7782,22.7881],[-82.2682,23.1886]]],[[[-77.5347,23.7598],[-77.78,23.71],[-78.4085,24.5756],[-78.1909,25.2103],[-77.89,25.17],[-77.5347,23.7598]]],[[[-77.82,26.58],[-78.91,26.42],[-78.98,26.79],[-77.85,26.84],[-77.82,26.58]]],[[[-77,26.59],[-77.1726,25.8792],[-77.34,26.53],[-77.79,27.04],[-77,26.59]]],[[[-61.68,10.76],[-60.895,10.855],[-60.935,10.11],[-61.95,10.09],[-61.66,10.365],[-61.68,10.76]]],[[[-46.7638,82.628],[-43.4064,83.2252],[-39.8975,83.1802],[-38.6221,83.5491],[-27.1005,83.5197],[-20.8454,82.7267],[-22.6918,82.3417],[-31.9,82.2],[-31.3965,82.0215],[-27.8567,82.1318],[-24.8445,81.787],[-22.9033,82.0932],[-22.0718,81.7345],[-23.1696,81.1527],[-15.7682,81.9125],[-12.7702,81.7189],[-12.2086,81.2915],[-16.85,80.35],[-20.0462,80.1771],[-17.7304,80.1291],[-19.705,78.7513],[-19.6735,77.6386],[-18.4729,76.9857],[-21.6794,76.628],[-19.8341,76.0981],[-19.599,75.2484],[-20.6682,75.1559],[-19.3728,74.2956],[-21.5942,74.2238],[-20.4345,73.8171],[-20.7623,73.4644],[-23.5659,73.3066],[-22.3131,72.6293],[-22.2995,72.1841],[-24.2783,72.5979],[-24.793,72.3302],[-23.443,72.0802],[-22.1328,71.469],[-21.7536,70.6637],[-23.536,70.471],[-25.5434,71.4309],[-25.2014,70.7523],[-26.3628,70.2265],[-22.349,70.1295],[-27.7474,68.4705],[-31.7767,68.1208],[-32.8111,67.7355],[-34.202,66.6797],[-36.3528,65.9789],[-39.8122,65.4585],[-40.669,64.84],[-40.6828,64.139],[-41.1887,63.4825],[-42.8194,62.6823],[-42.4167,61.9009],[-43.3784,60.0977],[-44.7875,60.0368],[-46.2636,60.8533],[-48.2629,60.8584],[-49.2331,61.4068],[-49.9004,62.3834],[-51.6333,63.6269],[-52.1401,64.2784],[-52.2766,65.1767],[-53.6617,66.0996],[-53.3016,66.8365],[-53.9691,67.189],[-52.9804,68.3576],[-51.4754,68.7296],[-51.0804,69.1478],[-50.8712,69.9291],[-53.4563,69.2836],[-54.6834,69.61],[-54.75,70.2893],[-54.3588,70.8213],[-51.3901,70.5698],[-54.0042,71.5472],[-55,71.4065],[-55.8347,71.6544],[-54.7182,72.5863],[-57.3236,74.7103],[-58.5968,75.0986],[-58.5852,75.5173],[-61.2686,76.1024],[-68.5044,76.0614],[-71.4026,77.0086],[-66.764,77.376],[-71.0429,77.636],[-73.297,78.0442],[-73.1594,78.4327],[-65.7107,79.3944],[-65.3239,79.7581],[-68.023,80.1172],[-67.1513,80.5158],[-62.2344,81.3211],[-62.6512,81.7704],[-57.2074,82.1907],[-54.1344,82.1996],[-53.0433,81.8883],[-50.3906,82.4388],[-44.523,81.6607],[-46.9007,82.1998],[-46.7638,82.628]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North America\"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6570e4b0c8380cd72bc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilkington, M.","contributorId":105476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkington","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuevas, A.","contributorId":87332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuevas","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hernandez, I.","contributorId":86141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Urrutia, Jaime","contributorId":45489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urrutia","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023550,"text":"70023550 - 2001 - Water-quality trends for a stream draining the Southern Anthracite Field, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T16:46:00.151273","indexId":"70023550","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-quality trends for a stream draining the Southern Anthracite Field, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stream flow, chemical and biological data for the northern part of Swatara Creek, which drains a 112 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;area in the Southern Anthracite Field of eastern Pennsylvania, indicate progressive improvement in water quality since 1959, after which most mines in the watershed had been flooded. Drainage from the flooded mines contributes substantially to base flow in Swatara Creek. Beginning in 1995, a variety of treatment systems and surface reclamation were implemented at some of the abandoned mines. At Ravine, Pa., immediately downstream of the mined area, median SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentration declined from about 150 mg l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in 1959 to 75 mg l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in 1999 while pH increased from acidic to near-neutral values (medians:&nbsp;</span><i>c.</i><span> pH 4 before 1975;&nbsp;</span><i>c.</i><span> pH 6 after 1975). Fish populations rebounded from non-existent during 1959–1990 to 21 species identified in 1999. Nevertheless, recent monitoring indicates (1) episodic acidification and elevated concentrations and transport of Fe, Al, Mn, and trace metals during storm flow; (2) elevated concentrations of Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn in streambed sediments relative to unmined areas and to toxicity guidelines for aquatic invertebrates and fish; and (3) elevated concentrations of metals in fish tissue, notably Zn. The metals are ubiquitous in the fine fraction (&lt;0.063 mm) of bed sediment in mining-affected tributaries and the main stem of Swatara Creek. As a result of scour and transport of streambed deposits, concentrations of suspended solids and total metals in the water column are correlated, and those for storm flow typically exceed base flow. Nevertheless, the metals concentrations are poorly correlated with stream flow because concentrations of suspended solids and total metals typically peak prior to peak stream stage. In contrast, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, specific conductance and pH are inversely correlated with stream flow as a result of dilution of poorly buffered stream water with weakly acidic storm runoff derived mainly from low-pH rainfall. Declines in pH to values approaching 5.0 during storm flow events or declines in redox potential during burial of sediment could result in the remobilization of metals associated with suspended solids and streambed deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","doi":"10.1144/geochem.1.1.33","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., and Bilger, M.D., 2001, Water-quality trends for a stream draining the Southern Anthracite Field, Pennsylvania: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 1, no. 1, p. 33-50, https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem.1.1.33.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Southern Anthracite Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.58500671386719,\n              40.4537397627549\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.19636535644531,\n              40.4537397627549\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.19636535644531,\n              40.6462615921222\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.58500671386719,\n              40.6462615921222\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.58500671386719,\n              40.4537397627549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bce4ce4b08c986b32e313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":14861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023059,"text":"70023059 - 2001 - Comparative assessment of groundwater quality in the Tangshan region of the People's Republic of China and similar areas in the U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:35:50","indexId":"70023059","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3359,"text":"Scientific World Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative assessment of groundwater quality in the Tangshan region of the People's Republic of China and similar areas in the U.S.","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality with respect to nitrate, major inorganic constituents, stable isotopes, and tritium was assessed in the agricultural Tangshan region in the Hai He River Basin of the People's Republic of China and compared with three regions in the U.S.: the Delmarva Peninsula of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia; the San Joaquin Valley of California; and the Sacramento Valley of California. The China and U.S. regions are similar in size and land use, but have different climatic conditions and patterns of water use for irrigation. The Tangshan region has been in agricultural production for a much longer time, probably several centuries, than the three U.S. regions; however, the widespread use of synthetic fertilizers and other soil amendments probably started at a similar time in all four regions. In all four regions, median nitrate concentrations were generally below the U.S. drinking water standard of 10 mg/l of nitrate as nitrogen. However, higher concentrations and a greater range were evident for the Tangshan region. In the water samples collected from a shallow aquifer in the Tangshan region (over 25% of all samples), nitrate concentrations exceeded the Chinese standard of 20 mg/l, whereas few comparative samples (2.6%) collected in the U.S. exceeded 20 mg/l. In Tangshan, relatively low nitrate, which is indicative of uncontaminated background concentrations, was measured in older water of deeper wells. Recently recharged water was detected in wells drilled as deep as 150 m. Nitrate concentrations above background levels were also measured in water samples from these wells. In addition to nitrate, the agricultural area of the Tangshan region has been affected by elevated total dissolved solids and iron, the latter attributed to widespread application of animal wastes and sewage deposited on the land surface, which lead to oxygen depletion in the subsurface environment and dissolution of iron. The elevated total dissolved solids of the Tangshan study area could not be attributed to any one process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific World Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Hindawi Publishing","doi":"10.1100/tsw.2001.293","issn":"1537744X","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Chao, L., and Xinquan, Z., 2001, Comparative assessment of groundwater quality in the Tangshan region of the People's Republic of China and similar areas in the U.S.: Scientific World Journal, v. 1, no. Suppl 2, p. 415-422, https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.293.","startPage":"415","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.293","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269042,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.293"},{"id":233551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"Suppl 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f811e4b0c8380cd4ce76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, L.","contributorId":74173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xinquan, Z.","contributorId":60417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xinquan","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}