{"pageNumber":"3129","pageRowStart":"78200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184858,"records":[{"id":70023727,"text":"70023727 - 2001 - Implications of seed size for seedling survival in Carnegiea gigantea and Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-26T18:52:27.324341","indexId":"70023727","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Implications of seed size for seedling survival in <i>Carnegiea gigantea</i> and <i>Ferocactus wislizeni</i> (Cactaceae)","title":"Implications of seed size for seedling survival in Carnegiea gigantea and Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae)","docAbstract":"<p>Larger seeds have been shown to convey benefits for seedling survival but the mechanisms of this process are not well understood. In this study, seed size and seedling survival were compared for 2 sympatric cactus species, <i>Carnegiea gigantea</i> (Engelm.) Britt. &amp; Rose and <i>Ferocactus wislizeni</i> (Engelm.) Britt. &amp; Rose, in laboratory and field experiments in the northern Sonoran Desert. Both species have small seeds, but <i>Ferocactus</i> seeds are nearly twice as long and 3 times as heavy as those of <i>Carnegiea</i>. The difference in size is perpetuated after germination: new <i>Ferocactus</i> seedlings have 4 times the estimated volume of new <i>Carnegiea</i> seedlings. In an outdoor experiment, annual survivorship of both species was low but was 6 times higher for <i>Ferocactus</i> (6 seedlings, 8.1%) than <i>Carnegiea</i> (1 seedling, 1.4%). The pattern of seedling mortality in relation to temperature and rain suggests that, after the initial flush of seed and seedling predation, drought and heat took a greater toll on <i>Carnegiea</i> than <i>Ferocactus</i> seedlings, probably because the larger seedling volume of <i>Ferocactus</i> conferred greater drought tolerance. In addition, <i>F. wislizeni</i> could become established without benefit of nurse plants whereas <i>C. gigantea</i> could not; this might reflect differential tolerance to high soil temperatures.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.2307/3672423","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.E., and Pierson, E., 2001, Implications of seed size for seedling survival in Carnegiea gigantea and Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae): Southwestern Naturalist, v. 46, no. 3, p. 272-281, https://doi.org/10.2307/3672423.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"281","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Pima County","otherGeospatial":"Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.21067714157198,\n              32.39483543509151\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.21067714157198,\n              32.15913544865313\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.97859095993107,\n              32.15913544865313\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.97859095993107,\n              32.39483543509151\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.21067714157198,\n              32.39483543509151\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a392ae4b0c8380cd61815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Janice E.","contributorId":18119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierson, E.A.","contributorId":24938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023726,"text":"70023726 - 2001 - Dry deposition of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium, and nitrate to alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023726","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dry deposition of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium, and nitrate to alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, Colorado","docAbstract":"Micrometeorological measurements and ambient air samples, analyzed for concentrations of NH3, HNO3, NH4+, and NO3-, were collected at an alpine tundra site on Niwot Ridge, Colorado. The measured concentrations were extremely low and ranged between 5 and 70ngNm-3. Dry deposition fluxes of these atmospheric species were calculated using the micrometeorological gradient method. The calculated mean flux for NH3 indicates a net deposition to the surface and indicates that NH3 contributed significantly to the total N deposition to the tundra during the August-September measurement period. Our pre-measurement estimate of the compensation point for NH3 in air above the tundra was 100-200ngNm-3; thus, a net emission of NH3 was expected given the low ambient concentrations of NH3 observed. Based on our results, however, the NH3 compensation point at this alpine tundra site appears to have been at or below about 20ngNm-3. Large deposition velocities (>2cms-1) were determined for nitrate and ammonium and may result from reactions with surface-derived aerosols. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.Micrometeorological measurements and ambient air samples, analyzed for concentrations of NH3, HNO3, NH4+, and NO3-, were collected at an alpine tundra site on Niwot Ridge, Colorado. The measured concentrations were extremely low and ranged between 5 and 70 ng N m-3. Dry deposition fluxes of these atmospheric species were calculated using the micrometeorological gradient method. The calculated mean flux for NH3 indicates a net deposition to the surface and indicates that NH3 contributed significantly to the total N deposition to the tundra during the August-September measurement period. Our pre-measurement estimate of the compensation point for NH3 in air above the tundra was 100-200 ng N m-3; thus, a net emission of NH3 was expected given the low ambient concentrations of NH3 observed. Based on our results, however, the NH3 compensation point at this alpine tundra site appears to have been at or below about 20 ng N m-3. Large deposition velocities (>2 cm s-1) were determined for nitrate and ammonium and may result from reactions with surface-derived aerosols.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00276-4","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Rattray, G., and Sievering, H., 2001, Dry deposition of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium, and nitrate to alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, Colorado: Atmospheric Environment, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1105-1109, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00276-4.","startPage":"1105","endPage":"1109","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207414,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00276-4"},{"id":232343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0401e4b0c8380cd50737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattray, G.","contributorId":84116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sievering, H.","contributorId":58809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievering","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023725,"text":"70023725 - 2001 - Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission at Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T13:03:21","indexId":"70023725","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission at Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"Mammoth Mountain, a dormant volcano in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, has been passively degassing large quantities of cold magmatic CO2 since 1990 following a 6-month-long earthquake swarm associated with a shallow magmatic intrussion in 1989. A search for any link between gas discharge and volcanic hazard at this popular recreation area led us to initiate a detailed study of the degassing process in 1997. Our continuous monitoring results elucidate some of the physical controls that influence dynamics in flank CO2 degassing at this volcano. High coherence between variations in CO2 efflux and variations in atmospheric pressure and wind speed imply that meteorological parameters account for much, if not all of the variability in CO2 efflux rates. Our results help explain differences among previously published estimates of CO2 efflux at Mammoth Mountain and indicate that the long-term (annual) CO2 degassing rate has in fact remained constant since ~ 1997. Discounting the possibility of large meteorologically driven temporal variations in gas efflux at other volcanoes may result in spurious interpretations of transients do not reflect actual geologic processes. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00344-2","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Rogie, J., Kerrick, D.M., Sorey, M., Chiodini, G., and Galloway, D., 2001, Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission at Mammoth Mountain, California: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 188, no. 3-4, p. 535-541, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00344-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"541","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00344-2"}],"volume":"188","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0431e4b0c8380cd5083f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogie, J.D.","contributorId":63571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogie","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerrick, Derrill M.","contributorId":68883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerrick","given":"Derrill","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chiodini, G.","contributorId":76093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiodini","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023724,"text":"70023724 - 2001 - Major-ion chemistry of the Rocky Mountain snowpack, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:04:23","indexId":"70023724","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major-ion chemistry of the Rocky Mountain snowpack, USA","docAbstract":"During 1993-97, samples of the full depth of the Rocky Mountain snowpack were collected at 52 sites from northern New Mexico to Montana and analyzed for major-ion concentrations. Concentrations of acidity, sulfate, nitrate, and calcium increased from north to south along the mountain range. In the northern part of the study area, acidity was most correlated (negatively) with calcium. Acidity was strongly correlated (positively) with nitrate and sulfate in the southern part and for the entire network. Acidity in the south exceeded the maximum acidity measured in snowpack of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains. Principal component analysis indicates three solute associations we characterize as: (1) acid (acidity, sulfate, and nitrate), (2) soil (calcium, magnesium, and potassium), and (3) salt (sodium, chloride, and ammonium). Concentrations of acid solutes in the snowpack are similar to concentrations in nearby wetfall collectors, whereas, concentrations of soil solutes are much higher in the snowpack than in wetfall. Thus, dryfall of acid solutes during the snow season is negligible, as is gypsum from soils. Snowpack sampling offers a cost-effective complement to sampling of wetfall in areas where wetfall is difficult to sample and where the snowpack accumulates throughout the winter. Copyright ?? 2001 .","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00189-3","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Turk, J., Taylor, H.E., Ingersoll, G., Tonnessen, K., Clow, D.W., Mast, M., Campbell, K., and Melack, J., 2001, Major-ion chemistry of the Rocky Mountain snowpack, USA: Atmospheric Environment, v. 35, no. 23, p. 3957-3966, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00189-3.","startPage":"3957","endPage":"3966","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00189-3"}],"volume":"35","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c2de4b0c8380cd69a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, G.P.","contributorId":36923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tonnessen, K.A.","contributorId":30196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clow, D. W.","contributorId":23531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Melack, J.M.","contributorId":59164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melack","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70023723,"text":"70023723 - 2001 - Asian dust events of April 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-30T19:06:23.210473","indexId":"70023723","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asian dust events of April 1998","docAbstract":"<p><span>On April 15 and 19, 1998, two intense dust storms were generated over the Gobi desert by springtime low-pressure systems descending from the northwest. The windblown dust was detected and its evolution followed by its yellow color on SeaWiFS satellite images, routine surface-based monitoring, and through serendipitous observations. The April 15 dust cloud was recirculating, and it was removed by a precipitating weather system over east Asia. The April 19 dust cloud crossed the Pacific Ocean in 5 days, subsided to the surface along the mountain ranges between British Columbia and California, and impacted severely the optical and the concentration environments of the region. In east Asia the dust clouds increased the albedo over the cloudless ocean and land by up to 10–20%, but it reduced the near-UV cloud reflectance, causing a yellow coloration of all surfaces. The yellow colored backscattering by the dust eludes a plausible explanation using simple Mie theory with constant refractive index. Over the West Coast the dust layer has increased the spectrally uniform optical depth to about 0.4, reduced the direct solar radiation by 30–40%, doubled the diffuse radiation, and caused a whitish discoloration of the blue sky. On April 29 the average excess surface-level dust aerosol concentration over the valleys of the West Coast was about 20–50 μg/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;with local peaks &gt;100 μg/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>. The dust mass mean diameter was 2–3 μm, and the dust chemical fingerprints were evident throughout the West Coast and extended to Minnesota. The April 1998 dust event has impacted the surface aerosol concentration 2–4 times more than any other dust event since 1988. The dust events were observed and interpreted by an ad hoc international web-based virtual community. It would be useful to set up a community-supported web-based infrastructure to monitor the global aerosol pattern for such extreme aerosol events, to alert and to inform the interested communities, and to facilitate collaborative analysis for improved air quality and disaster management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JD900788","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Husar, R., Tratt, D., Schichtel, B., Falke, S., Li, F., Jaffe, D., Gasso, S., Gill, T., Laulainen, N., Lu, F., Reheis, M., Chun, Y., Westphal, D., Holben, B., Gueymard, C., McKendry, I., Kuring, N., Feldman, G., McClain, C., Frouin, R., Merrill, J., DuBois, D., Vignola, F., Murayama, T., Nickovic, S., Wilson, W., Sassen, K., Sugimoto, N., and Malm, W., 2001, Asian dust events of April 1998: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 106, no. D16, p. 18317-18330, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900788.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"18317","endPage":"18330","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/8041","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"D16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb9e4b0c8380cd49989","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Husar, R.B.","contributorId":13490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husar","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tratt, D.M.","contributorId":96962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tratt","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schichtel, B.A.","contributorId":37207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schichtel","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falke, S.R.","contributorId":43625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, F.","contributorId":83798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaffe, D.","contributorId":86226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gasso, S.","contributorId":28447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasso","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gill, T.","contributorId":29270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Laulainen, N.S.","contributorId":38425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laulainen","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lu, F.","contributorId":84217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chun, Y.","contributorId":15802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chun","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Westphal, D.","contributorId":44421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westphal","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Holben, B.N.","contributorId":50048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holben","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gueymard, C.","contributorId":35595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gueymard","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"McKendry, I.","contributorId":28864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKendry","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kuring, N.","contributorId":82180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuring","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Feldman, 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D.","contributorId":19434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Vignola, F.","contributorId":81751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vignola","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Murayama, T.","contributorId":37208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murayama","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Nickovic, S.","contributorId":12326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickovic","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Wilson, W.E.","contributorId":100831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Sassen, K.","contributorId":50049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sassen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Sugimoto, N.","contributorId":48032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugimoto","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Malm, W.C.","contributorId":11882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malm","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}}
,{"id":70023722,"text":"70023722 - 2001 - Initial yield to depth relation for water wells drilled into crystalline bedrock - Pinardville quadrangle, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:57:27.304003","indexId":"70023722","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initial yield to depth relation for water wells drilled into crystalline bedrock - Pinardville quadrangle, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p>A model is proposed to explain the statistical relations between the mean initial water well yields from eight time increments from 1984 to 1998 for wells drilled into the crystalline bedrock aquifer system in the Pinardville area of southern New Hampshire and the type of bedrock, mean well depth, and mean well elevation. Statistical analyses show that the mean total yield of drilling increments is positively correlated with mean total well depth and mean well elevation. In addition, the mean total well yield varies with rock type from a minimum of 46.9 L/min (12.4 gpm) in the Damon Pond granite to a maximum of 74.5 L/min (19.7 gpm) in the Permian pegmatite and granite unit. Across the eight drilling increments that comprise 211 wells each, the percentages of very low-yield wells (1.9 L/min [0.5 gpm] or less) and high-yield wells (151.4 L/min [40 gpm] or more) increased, and those of intermediate-yield wells decreased. As housing development progressed during the 1984 to 1998 interval, the mean depth of the wells and their elevations increased, and the mix of percentages of the bedrock types drilled changed markedly.</p><p>The proposed model uses a feed-forward mechanism to explain the interaction between the increasing mean elevation, mean well depth, and percentages of very low-yielding wells and the mean well yield. The increasing percentages of very low-yielding wells through time and the economics of the housing market may control the system that forces the mean well depths, percentages of high-yield wells, and mean well yields to increase. The reason for the increasing percentages of very low-yield wells is uncertain, but the explanation is believed to involve the complex structural geology and tectonic history of the Pinardville quadrangle.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02357.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Drew, L., Schuenemeyer, J., Amstrong, T., and Sutphin, D.M., 2001, Initial yield to depth relation for water wells drilled into crystalline bedrock - Pinardville quadrangle, New Hampshire: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 5, p. 676-684, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02357.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"684","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Pinardville","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.70639038085936,\n              42.897094603161904\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.36856079101562,\n              42.897094603161904\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.36856079101562,\n              43.087946269000135\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.70639038085936,\n              43.087946269000135\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.70639038085936,\n              42.897094603161904\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bece4b0c8380cd62937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuenemeyer, J.H.","contributorId":106094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amstrong, T.R.","contributorId":15791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amstrong","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023721,"text":"70023721 - 2001 - Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:11:42","indexId":"70023721","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chemical and isotopic properties of water discharging from springs and wells in Shenandoah National Park (SNP), near the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains, VA, USA were monitored to obtain information on groundwater residence times. Investigated time scales included seasonal (wet season, April, 1996; dry season, August–September, 1997), monthly (March through September, 1999) and hourly (30-min interval recording of specific conductance and temperature, March, 1999 through February, 2000). Multiple environmental tracers, including tritium/helium-3 (</span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF</span><sub>6</sub><span>), sulfur-35 (</span><sup>35</sup><span>S), and stable isotopes (</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O and </span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup><span>H) of water, were used to estimate the residence times of shallow groundwater discharging from 34 springs and 15 wells. The most reliable ages of water from springs appear to be based on SF</span><sub>6</sub><span> and </span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He, with most ages in the range of 0–3 years. This range is consistent with apparent ages estimated from concentrations of CFCs; however, CFC-based ages have large uncertainties owing to the post-1995 leveling-off of the CFC atmospheric growth curves. Somewhat higher apparent ages are indicated by </span><sup>35</sup><span>S (&gt;1.5 years) and seasonal variation of </span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O (mean residence time of 5 years) for spring discharge. The higher ages indicated by the </span><sup>35</sup><span>S and </span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O data reflect travel times through the unsaturated zone and, in the case of </span><sup>35</sup><span>S, possible sorption and exchange of S with soils or biomass. In springs sampled in April, 1996, apparent ages derived from the </span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He data (median age of 0.2 years) are lower than those obtained from SF</span><sub>6</sub><span> (median age of 4.3 years), and in contrast to median ages from </span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He (0.3 years) and SF</span><sub>6</sub><span> (0.7 years) obtained during the late summer dry season of 1997. Monthly samples from 1999 at four springs in SNP had SF</span><sub>6</sub><span>apparent ages of only 1.2 to 2.5±0.8 years, and were consistent with the 1997 SF</span><sub>6</sub><span> data. Water from springs has low excess air (0–1 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span> kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and N</span><sub>2</sub><span>–Ar temperatures that vary seasonally. Concentrations of He and Ne in excess of solubility equilibrium indicate that the dissolved gases are not fractionated. The seasonal variations in N</span><sub>2</sub><span>–Ar temperatures suggest shallow, seasonal recharge, and the excess He and Ne data suggest waters mostly confined to gas exchange in the shallow, mountain-slope, water-table spring systems. Water from wells in the fractured rock contains up to 8 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span> kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span> of excess air with ages in the range of 0–25 years. Transient responses in specific conductance and temperature were observed in spring discharge within several hours of large precipitation events in September, 1999; both parameters increased initially, then decreased to values below pre-storm base-flow values. The groundwater residence times indicate that flushing rates of mobile atmospheric constituents through groundwater to streams draining the higher elevations in SNP average less than 3 years in base-flow conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00317-5","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Böhlke, J., Nelms, D., Michel, R.L., and Schlosser, P., 2001, Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer approach: Chemical Geology, v. 179, no. 1-4, p. 93-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00317-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00317-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","volume":"179","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc0e4b0c8380cd5bff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelms, D.L.","contributorId":32189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023720,"text":"70023720 - 2001 - Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:20:32","indexId":"70023720","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Compound-specific isotope analysis was used to study a contaminated site near Kingsford, Michigan, USA. Organic compounds at three of the sites studied had similar 13C values indicating that the contaminant source is the same for all sites. At a fourth site, chemical and 13C values had evolved due to microbial degradation of organics, with the 13C being much heavier than the starting materials. A microcosm experiment was run to observe isotopic changes with time in the methane evolved and in compounds remaining in the water during degradation. The 13C values of the methane became heavier during the initial period of the run when volatile fatty acids were being consumed. There was an abrupt decrease in the 13C values when fatty acids had been consumed and phenols began to be utilized. The 13C value of the propionate remaining in solution also increased, similar to the results found in the field.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS-AISH Publication","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., Silva, S.R., Bemis, B., Godsy, E., and Warren, E., 2001, Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 269, p. 311-316.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Kingsford","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.6203,45.9852],[-87.6208,45.8973],[-87.6993,45.8976],[-87.6994,45.7219],[-87.8187,45.7217],[-87.8468,45.7218],[-87.8475,45.7218],[-87.8495,45.724],[-87.8527,45.7259],[-87.8566,45.7278],[-87.8593,45.7304],[-87.8621,45.7331],[-87.8635,45.7365],[-87.8642,45.7397],[-87.8654,45.7427],[-87.8665,45.7458],[-87.8691,45.7485],[-87.873,45.7508],[-87.8775,45.7536],[-87.8814,45.7545],[-87.8853,45.7549],[-87.8877,45.7551],[-87.8892,45.7551],[-87.8925,45.7543],[-87.8957,45.7539],[-87.899,45.7543],[-87.9016,45.7552],[-87.9056,45.7574],[-87.9076,45.758],[-87.9087,45.7581],[-87.9121,45.7577],[-87.9146,45.7582],[-87.9151,45.7583],[-87.9173,45.7587],[-87.9199,45.7586],[-87.9219,45.7573],[-87.9232,45.7569],[-87.9258,45.7574],[-87.9284,45.7581],[-87.9324,45.7593],[-87.9356,45.7598],[-87.9415,45.7584],[-87.9472,45.7581],[-87.9545,45.7587],[-87.9591,45.7588],[-87.9641,45.7601],[-87.9673,45.7615],[-87.9705,45.7633],[-87.9725,45.7644],[-87.9757,45.7663],[-87.9796,45.7676],[-87.9841,45.7695],[-87.9874,45.7705],[-87.9908,45.772],[-87.9919,45.7732],[-87.9905,45.7755],[-87.9892,45.7764],[-87.9879,45.7773],[-87.9858,45.7796],[-87.9845,45.7823],[-87.9858,45.7845],[-87.9872,45.7881],[-87.9885,45.7903],[-87.9901,45.7924],[-87.994,45.7952],[-87.9971,45.7967],[-87.9984,45.7964],[-87.9991,45.7962],[-88.0031,45.7953],[-88.0064,45.7931],[-88.0084,45.7926],[-88.0104,45.7922],[-88.014,45.791],[-88.0199,45.79],[-88.0264,45.789],[-88.0296,45.7886],[-88.0313,45.7883],[-88.0333,45.7879],[-88.0392,45.7866],[-88.0439,45.7847],[-88.0497,45.7833],[-88.0509,45.783],[-88.0549,45.7819],[-88.0583,45.7818],[-88.0595,45.7818],[-88.0641,45.7809],[-88.0694,45.7814],[-88.071,45.7818],[-88.0732,45.7826],[-88.0779,45.7848],[-88.0805,45.7861],[-88.0862,45.788],[-88.0908,45.789],[-88.095,45.7905],[-88.0989,45.7914],[-88.103,45.7937],[-88.1064,45.7966],[-88.1082,45.7991],[-88.1109,45.8013],[-88.1155,45.8035],[-88.1201,45.8053],[-88.1237,45.8067],[-88.1275,45.8086],[-88.1283,45.8092],[-88.1314,45.8118],[-88.1341,45.8143],[-88.1359,45.8164],[-88.1365,45.8196],[-88.1349,45.8225],[-88.1323,45.8249],[-88.1298,45.8273],[-88.1265,45.8296],[-88.1195,45.8342],[-88.1159,45.8368],[-88.1154,45.8371],[-88.1124,45.8388],[-88.1093,45.8408],[-88.1079,45.8431],[-88.1059,45.8454],[-88.1042,45.8472],[-88.1025,45.8486],[-88.101,45.8499],[-88.0984,45.8523],[-88.0951,45.8541],[-88.0926,45.8562],[-88.0899,45.8584],[-88.0873,45.8603],[-88.0853,45.8626],[-88.0817,45.8644],[-88.0772,45.8658],[-88.074,45.869],[-88.0733,45.8713],[-88.0728,45.8721],[-88.0748,45.8735],[-88.0774,45.8749],[-88.0807,45.8768],[-88.085,45.8777],[-88.0882,45.879],[-88.089,45.8792],[-88.0925,45.8802],[-88.0965,45.882],[-88.1005,45.8838],[-88.1018,45.8865],[-88.1037,45.8893],[-88.1042,45.8906],[-88.1046,45.8925],[-88.1061,45.8985],[-88.1055,45.9016],[-88.1053,45.9044],[-88.104,45.9067],[-88.1036,45.9071],[-88.103,45.9076],[-88.1005,45.9099],[-88.0992,45.9117],[-88.0965,45.9131],[-88.0954,45.9141],[-88.096,45.9154],[-88.098,45.9168],[-88.1013,45.9182],[-88.1046,45.9196],[-88.1085,45.9203],[-88.1125,45.9216],[-88.1149,45.9221],[-88.1171,45.9225],[-88.1187,46.1216],[-88.1178,46.2471],[-87.7424,46.2469],[-87.6189,46.2476],[-87.6187,46.1582],[-87.6205,46.0712],[-87.6203,45.9852]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dickinson\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","issue":"269","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93ee4b0c8380cd4d50b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bemis, B.","contributorId":55608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bemis","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warren, E.","contributorId":15360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023719,"text":"70023719 - 2001 - Retention of internal anchor tags by juvenile striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023719","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retention of internal anchor tags by juvenile striped bass","docAbstract":"We marked hatchery-reared striped bass Morone saxatilis (145-265 mm total length) with internal anchor tags and monitored retention for 28 months after stocking in the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina. Anchor tags (with an 18-mm, T-shaped anchor and 42-mm streamer) were surgically implanted ventrally, and coded wire tags (1 mm long and 0.25 mm in diameter) were placed into the cheek muscle to help identify subsequent recaptures. The estimated probability of retention (SD) of anchor tags was 0.94 (0.05) at 4 months, 0.64 (0.13) at 16 months, and 0.33 (0.19) at 28 months. Of 10 fish recaptured with only coded wire tags, 5 showed an externally visible wound or scar near the point of anchor tag insertion. The incidence of wounds or scars, which we interpreted as evidence of tag shedding, increased to 50% in recaptures taken at 28 months (three of six fish). Our estimates for retention of anchor tags were generally lower than those in other studies of striped bass, possibly because of differences in the style of anchor or sizes of fish used. Because of its low rate of retention, the type of anchor tag we used may not be suitable for long-term assessments of stock enhancement programs that use striped bass of the sizes we evaluated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0656:ROIATB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Van Den Avyle, M., and Wallin, J., 2001, Retention of internal anchor tags by juvenile striped bass: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 656-659, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0656:ROIATB>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"656","endPage":"659","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0656:ROIATB>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac0ce4b0c8380cd86b14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Den Avyle, M.J.","contributorId":32117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Avyle","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallin, J.E.","contributorId":37502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallin","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023678,"text":"70023678 - 2001 - Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:44:50","indexId":"70023678","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent studies have proposed contrasting models for the plumbing system that fed the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska. Here, we investigate the conditions under which the rhyolitic part of the erupted magma last resided in the crust prior to eruption. Geothermometry suggests that the rhyolite was held at ∼800-850 °C, and analyses of melt inclusions suggest that it was fluid saturated and contained ∼4 wt% water. Hydrothermal, water-saturated experiments on rhyolite pumice reveal that at those temperatures the rhyolite was stable between 40 and 100 MPa, or a depth of 1.8-4.4 km. These results suggest that pre-eruptive storage and crystal growth of the rhyolite were shallow; if the rhyolite ascended from greater depths, it did so slowly enough for unzoned phenocrysts to grow as it passed through the shallow crust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA Publications","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0775:SSCFTR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., and Gardner, J.E., 2001, Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska: Geology, v. 29, no. 9, p. 775-778, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0775:SSCFTR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Novarupta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.58425903320312,\n              58.12867056810893\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.81658935546875,\n              58.12867056810893\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.81658935546875,\n              58.42329156394648\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58425903320312,\n              58.42329156394648\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58425903320312,\n              58.12867056810893\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e48e4b08c986b31884a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James E.","contributorId":43243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023677,"text":"70023677 - 2001 - Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023677","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998","docAbstract":"Temporal wet-season trends from 1987 to 1998 of total N and total P concentrations (TN and TP, respectively) in 14 tributaries to the Swan-Canning Estuary in Western Australia were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall or Seasonal kendall tests. Six of the catchments drained clay soils primarily on the Darling Plateau, which borders the sandy coastal plain on the east; two rural catchments drained the coastal plain; and six urban catchments drained the coastal plain. Generally, TN and TP were lower in tributaries draining clay soils than in tributaries draining siliceous sandy soils. Annual median TN and TP were relatively constant and no trends were detected in tributaries draining clay soils. TN and TP were higher (median TN = 1.6 and TP = 0.1 mg 1-1) and more variable temporally in tributaries draining the coastal plain. Statistically significant (?? < 0.01) TN trends were detected in 50% of the urban coastal plain tributaries and most were decreasing (-0.07 to +0.53 mg 1-1 year-1). Decreasing TP trends were detected at the two rural coastal plain tributaries and two of the urban drains (-0.01 to 0.15 mg 1-1 year-1 over periods from 5 to 12 years). Flow adjustment of TN and TP was responsible for removing trends in the raw data at some sites. The inter-annual variability of TN and TP of coastal plain tributaries was also related to the proximity of the water table to the land surface, which in turn was related to the annual precipitation. Fixed-interval sampling may be able to detect TN and TP changes associated with the implementation of management strategies in sandy coastal plain catchments. Tributary sampling during rainstorms and continuous monitoring of discharge are needed to better define processes controlling nutrient flux and concentration variability, and to detect trends in the urban catchments and the clay soil catchments, primarily those draining the Darling Plateau. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.300","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Donohue, R., Davidson, W., Peters, N., Nelson, S., and Jakowyna, B., 2001, Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 13, p. 2411-2434, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.300.","startPage":"2411","endPage":"2434","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.300"},{"id":232145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb816e4b08c986b32767b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donohue, R.","contributorId":20925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohue","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, W.A.","contributorId":107065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, S.","contributorId":18138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jakowyna, B.","contributorId":80037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakowyna","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023676,"text":"70023676 - 2001 - Residence times and diel passage distributions of radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon and steelhead in a gatewell and fish collection channel of a Columbia River Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T14:58:14","indexId":"70023676","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residence times and diel passage distributions of radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon and steelhead in a gatewell and fish collection channel of a Columbia River Dam","docAbstract":"<p>The amount of time radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead O. mykiss spent within a gatewell and the juvenile collection channel at McNary Dam, Columbia River, USA, was measured to determine the diel passage behavior and residence times within these portions of the juvenile bypass system. The median gatewell residence times were 8.9 h for juvenile chinook salmon and 3.2 h for steelhead. Juvenile spring chinook salmon spent 83% of their time in the 18-m-deep gatewell at depths of 9 m or less, and juvenile steelhead spent 96% of their time in the upper 11 m. Fish released during midday and those released in the evening generally exited the gatewell in the evening, indicating that fish entering the gatewell during daylight will have prolonged residence times. Median collection-channel residence times of juvenile chinook salmon were much shorter (2.3 min) than those of steelhead (28.0 min), most likely because of the greater size of the steelhead and the high water velocities within the channel (2.1 m/s). This and other studies indicate most juvenile salmonids enter gatewells of several Columbia and Snake river dams in the evening and pass into the collection channels quickly. However, this is not consistent with the natural in-river migration patterns of these species and represents a delay in dam passage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0455:RTADPD>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., and Maule, A., 2001, Residence times and diel passage distributions of radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon and steelhead in a gatewell and fish collection channel of a Columbia River Dam: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 455-463, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0455:RTADPD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"463","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207633,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0455:RTADPD>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington; Oregon","otherGeospatial":"McNary Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.17659759521486,\n              45.93443799290722\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.25075531005858,\n              45.94995616133709\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.29813385009764,\n              45.94900132254879\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.31427001953125,\n              45.940168283978565\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37091827392578,\n              45.933960441921585\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.39495086669923,\n              45.92870710966921\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.4093704223633,\n              45.92560263399712\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.41349029541016,\n              45.91127203324223\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.38018798828125,\n              45.91294412737392\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.32147979736328,\n              45.92822950933618\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.28474426269531,\n              45.92536382097966\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.23118591308595,\n              45.92321445755893\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.18312072753908,\n              45.91604931139518\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.16492462158203,\n              45.91867663909007\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.16458129882811,\n              45.936586921453284\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.17659759521486,\n              45.93443799290722\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa972e4b0c8380cd85dd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023674,"text":"70023674 - 2001 - Statistical properties of relative weight distributions of four salmonid species and their sampling implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023674","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical properties of relative weight distributions of four salmonid species and their sampling implications","docAbstract":"We assessed relative weight (Wr) distributions among 291 samples of stock-to-quality-length brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and cutthroat trout O. clarki from lentic and lotic habitats. Statistics describing Wr sample distributions varied slightly among species and habitat types. The average sample was leptokurtotic and slightly skewed to the right with a standard deviation of about 10, but the shapes of Wr distributions varied widely among samples. Twenty-two percent of the samples had nonnormal distributions, suggesting the need to evaluate sample distributions before applying statistical tests to determine whether assumptions are met. In general, our findings indicate that samples of about 100 stock-to-quality-length fish are needed to obtain confidence interval widths of four Wr units around the mean. Power analysis revealed that samples of about 50 stock-to-quality-length fish are needed to detect a 2% change in mean Wr at a relatively high level of power (beta = 0.01, alpha = 0.05).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0666:SPORWD>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Hyatt, M., and Hubert, W., 2001, Statistical properties of relative weight distributions of four salmonid species and their sampling implications: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 666-670, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0666:SPORWD>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"666","endPage":"670","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0666:SPORWD>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b973de4b08c986b31b97b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyatt, M.W.","contributorId":16195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyatt","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023673,"text":"70023673 - 2001 - Establishment of the green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus 1758) (Mollusca: Mytilidae) on the West Coast of Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023673","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishment of the green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus 1758) (Mollusca: Mytilidae) on the West Coast of Florida","docAbstract":"In 1999, the green mussel, Perna viridis, was first observed in Tampa Bay, Florida. This was the first reported occurrence of this Indo-Pacific marine bivalve in North America. The mussels found in Tampa Bay were confirmed to be P. viridis based on both morphological and genetic characteristics. Since the initial discovery, surveys in Tampa Bay and on the west coast of Florida have documented the growth, recruitment, and range expansion of P. viridis. From November 1999 to July 2000, the mean shell length of a Tampa Bay population increased from 49.0 mm to 94.1 mm, an increase of 97%. Populations of P. viridis are successfully reproducing in Tampa Bay. Recruitment was observed on sampling plates in May and continued through July 2000. The full extent of mussel colonization is not clear, but mussels were found outside Tampa Bay in St. Petersburg, Florida, south to Venice. Based on these studies it is evident that P. viridis has successfully invaded Tampa Bay and the west coast of Florida. The long-term impact of P. viridis on native communities off the west coast of Florida cannot be predicted at this time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07308000","usgsCitation":"Benson, A., Marelli, D., Frischer, M., Danforth, J., and Williams, J., 2001, Establishment of the green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus 1758) (Mollusca: Mytilidae) on the West Coast of Florida: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 20, no. 1, p. 21-29.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a6be4b0c8380cd52351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, A.J.","contributorId":60816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marelli, D.C.","contributorId":16196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marelli","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frischer, M.E.","contributorId":22117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frischer","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danforth, J.M.","contributorId":63200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023670,"text":"70023670 - 2001 - Late Cenozoic regional collapse due to evaporite flow and Dissolution in the Carbondale Collapse Center, West-Central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:37:31","indexId":"70023670","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic regional collapse due to evaporite flow and Dissolution in the Carbondale Collapse Center, West-Central Colorado","docAbstract":"Dissolution and flow of Pennsylvanian evaporitic rocks in west-central Colorado created the Carbondale Collapse Center, a 450 mi2 structural depression with about 4,000 ft of vertical collapse during the late Cenozoic. This paper describes evidence of collapse in the lower Roaring Fork River valley. Both the lateral extent and amount of vertical collapse is constrained by deformed upper Cenozoic volcanic rocks that have been correlated using field mapping, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, geochemistry, and paleomagnetism. The Carbondale Collapse Center is one of at least two contiguous areas that have experienced major evaporite tectonism during the late Cenozoic. Historic sinkholes, deformed Holocene deposits, and modern high-salinity loads in the rivers and thermal springs indicate the collapse process continues today. Flow of evaporitic rocks is an important element in the collapse process, and during initial stages of collapse it was probably the primary causative mechanism. Dissolution, however, is the ultimate means by which evaporite is removed from the collapse area. As the Roaring Fork River began to rapidly down-cut through a broad volcanic plateau during the late Miocene, the underlying evaporite beds were subjected to differential overburden pressures. The evaporitic rocks flowed from beneath the upland areas where overburden pressures remained high, toward the Roaring Fork River Valley where the pressures were much lower. Along the valley the evaporitic rocks rose upward, sometimes as diapirs, forming or enhancing a valley anticline in bedrock and locally upwarping Pleistocene terraces. Wherever the evaporites encountered relatively fresh ground water, they were dissolved, forming underground voids into which overlying bedrock and surficial deposits subsided. The saline ground water eventually discharged to streams and rivers through thermal springs and by seepage into alluvial aquifers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Kirkham, R., Streufert, R.K., Budahn, J., Kunk, M.J., and Perry, W.J., 2001, Late Cenozoic regional collapse due to evaporite flow and Dissolution in the Carbondale Collapse Center, West-Central Colorado: Mountain Geologist, v. 38, no. 4, p. 193-210.","startPage":"193","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44c8e4b0c8380cd66d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Streufert, R. K.","contributorId":81516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streufert","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, W. J.","contributorId":24752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023669,"text":"70023669 - 2001 - Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023669","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado","docAbstract":"A torrential rainstorm on September 1, 1994 at the recently burned hillslopes of Storm King Mountain, CO, resulted in the generation of debris flows from every burned drainage basin. Maps (1:5000 scale) of bedrock and surficial materials and of the debris-flow paths, coupled with a 10-m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of topography, are used to evaluate the processes that generated fire-related debris flows in this setting. These evaluations form the basis for a descriptive model for fire-related debris-flow initiation. The prominent paths left by the debris flows originated in 0- and 1st-order hollows or channels. Discrete soil-slip scars do not occur at the heads of these paths. Although 58 soil-slip scars were mapped on hillslopes in the burned basins, material derived from these soil slips accounted for only about 7% of the total volume of material deposited at canyon mouths. This fact, combined with observations of significant erosion of hillslope materials, suggests that a runoff-dominated process of progressive sediment entrainment by surface runoff, rather than infiltration-triggered failure of discrete soil slips, was the primary mechanism of debris-flow initiation. A paucity of channel incision, along with observations of extensive hillslope erosion, indicates that a significant proportion of material in the debris flows was derived from the hillslopes, with a smaller contribution from the channels. Because of the importance of runoff-dominated rather than infiltration-dominated processes in the generation of these fire-related debris flows, the runoff-contributing area that extends upslope from the point of debris-flow initiation to the drainage divide, and its gradient, becomes a critical constraint in debris-flow initiation. Slope-area thresholds for fire-related debris-flow initiation from Storm King Mountain are defined by functions of the form Acr(tan ??)3 = S, where Acr is the critical area extending upslope from the initiation location to the drainage divide, and tan ?? is its gradient. The thresholds vary with different materials. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00108-2","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S., Kirkham, R., and Parise, M., 2001, Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado: Geomorphology, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 171-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00108-2.","startPage":"171","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00108-2"},{"id":232661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0d2e4b08c986b32f09c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parise, M.","contributorId":82486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parise","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023668,"text":"70023668 - 2001 - Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023668","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus","docAbstract":"Recently, commercial aquaculture farms in Northern California have exposed gravid, cultured white sturgeon females to cold water (12 ?? 1??C) throughout the late phase of vitellogenesis and ovarian follicle maturation resulting in improved ovulation rates and egg quality. However, the optimum timing for transfer of broodfish to the cold water and the capacity of transferred broodfish to maintain reproductive competence over an extended time in cold water had not been evaluated. Gravid white sturgeon females that have been raised at water temperatures of 16-20??C were transported to either cold water (12 ?? 1??C; Group 1) in November 1997 or maintained in ambient water temperatures (10-19??C; Group 2) until early spring. In March 1998, half of the fish in Group 2 had regressed ovaries, but the remaining females had intact ovarian follicles and were transported to the cold water. Ovarian follicles and blood were collected from females until they reached the stage of spawning readiness (determined by germinal vesicle position and an oocyte maturation assay) or underwent ovarian regression. Exposure of gravid sturgeon females to ambient water temperatures (14.5 ?? 2.3??C, mean ?? S.D.) from October to March led to a decrease in plasma sex steroids and a high incidence of ovarian regression in fish with a more advanced stage of oocyte development. Transfer of females with intact ovarian follicles to cold water (12 ?? 1??C) in the fall or early spring resulted in normal ovarian development in the majority of females. Holding females in cold water does not seem to override their endogenous reproductive rhythms but extends their capacity to maintain oocyte maturational competence over a longer period of time. A temperature-sensitive phase in ovarian development may occur during the transition from vitellogenic growth to oocyte maturation, and the degree and timing of sensitivity to environmental temperature are dependent on the female's endogenous reproductive rhythm. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All Rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00550-6","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Webb, M., Van Eenennaam, J., Feist, G., Linares-Casenave, J., Fitzpatrick, M., Schreck, C., and Doroshov, S., 2001, Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus: Aquaculture, v. 201, no. 1-2, p. 137-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00550-6.","startPage":"137","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00550-6"},{"id":232620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0809e4b0c8380cd51944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, M.A.H.","contributorId":102241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"M.A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eenennaam, J. P.","contributorId":33090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eenennaam","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feist, G.W.","contributorId":46261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feist","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linares-Casenave, J.","contributorId":49956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linares-Casenave","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, M.S.","contributorId":16194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doroshov, S.I.","contributorId":22535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doroshov","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023667,"text":"70023667 - 2001 - Early life history of the northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T15:28:26","indexId":"70023667","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early life history of the northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River basin","docAbstract":"<p>The northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis is a large, native cyprinid in the Columbia River basin that has persisted in spite of substantial habitat alterations. During the months of June to September 1993-1996, we investigated the temporal and spatial patterns of northern pikeminnow spawning, along with describing larval drift and characterizing larval and early juvenile rearing habitats in the lower Columbia River (the John Day and Dalles reservoirs and the free-flowing section downstream of Bonneville Dam) as well as in the lower sections of two major tributaries (the John Day and Deschutes rivers). The density of newly emerged drifting larvae was higher in dam tailraces (a mean of 7.7 larvae/100 m3 in surface tows) than in the lower reservoirs (0.3 larvae/100 m3), indicating that tailraces were areas of more intense spawning. Density was particularly high in the Bonneville Dam tailrace (15.1 larvae/100 m3), perhaps because adult northern pikeminnow are abundant below Bonneville Dam and this is the first tailrace and suitable main-stem spawning habitat encountered during upriver spawning migrations. Spawning also occurred in both of the tributaries sampled but not in a backwater. Spawning in the Columbia River primarily took place during the month of June in 1993 and 1994, when the water temperature rose from 14??C to 18??C, but occurred about 2 weeks later in 1995 and 1996, possibly because of cooler June water temperature (14-15??C) in these years. The period of drift was brief (about 1-3 d), with larvae recruiting to shallow, low-velocity shorelines of main-channel and backwater areas to rear. Larvae reared in greatest densities at sites with fine sediment or sand substrates and moderate- to high-density vegetation (a mean density of 92.1 larvae/10 m3). The success of northern pikeminnow in the Columbia River basin may be partly attributable to their ability to locate adequate spawning and rearing conditions in a variety of main-stem and tributary locations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0250:ELHOTN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Gadomski, D., Barfoot, C., Bayer, J., and Poe, T., 2001, Early life history of the northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River basin: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 130, no. 2, p. 250-262, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0250:ELHOTN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research 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J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023665,"text":"70023665 - 2001 - Amplitude blanking related to the pore-filling of gas hydrate in sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:59:34","indexId":"70023665","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amplitude blanking related to the pore-filling of gas hydrate in sediments","docAbstract":"Seismic indicators of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments include elevated interval velocities and amplitude reduction of seismic reflections owing to the presence of gas hydrate in the sediment's pore spaces. However, large amplitude blanking with relatively low interval velocities observed at the Blake Ridge has been enigmatic because realistic seismic models were absent to explain the observation. This study proposes models in which the gas hydrate concentrations vary in proportion to the porosity. Where gas hydrate concentrations are greater in more porous media, a significant amplitude blanking can be achieved with relatively low interval velocity. Depending on the amount of gas hydrate concentration in the pore space, reflection amplitudes from hydrate-bearing sediments can be much less, less or greater than those from corresponding non-hydrate-bearing sediments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geophysical Researches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1010371308699","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Dillon, W.P., 2001, Amplitude blanking related to the pore-filling of gas hydrate in sediments: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 101-109, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010371308699.","startPage":"101","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010371308699"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cbe4b0c8380cd48466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023663,"text":"70023663 - 2001 - Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023663","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia","docAbstract":"Catchment nutrient availability in Western Australia is primarily controlled by the disposal of animal waste and the type and rate of fertilizer application, particularly on the relatively narrow (~25 km wide), sandy coastal plain. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations and fluxes during the wet season of 15 tributaries, including four urban drains to the Swan-Canning Estuary, were evaluated from 1986 to 1992 and additionally concentrations only were evaluated throughout the year from 1993 to 1996. Concentrations of filtered reactive P (FRP) and total P (TP) were generally low, with the volume-weighted means for all sites being 0.06 mg 1-1 and 0.12 mg 1-1 respectively. The urban drains had higher TP concentrations (volume-weighted mean of 0.21 mg 1-1) than the streams (0.12 mg 1-1), with the high concentrations associated with particulate matter. Total inorganic N (TIN, NH4N plus NO3N) and total N (TN), which is of interest to eutrophic status of the N-limited estuary, were likewise low, compared with other developed areas having a similar climate. Both TIN and TN were higher in the urban drains (0.76 mg 1-1 and 1.5 mg 1-1 respectively) than the streams (0.31 mg 1-1 and 1.2 mg 1-1 respectively). The Avon River, which drains 98.5% of the 121 000 km2 catchment area, contributes most of the N (0.03 kg ha-1 year-1 or 65%) and a high percentage of the P (<0.01 kg ha-1 year-1 or 32%) to the estuaries. The Avon River nutrient fluxes are much less than other tributaries closer to the estuary. The coastal plain receives significantly higher rainfall (1,200 mm year-1) and has more intense horticulture and animal production than inland areas (<300 mm year-1). Annual rainfall is seasonal, occuring primarily from May through December. The surficial aquifers on the coastal plain generally are sandy with a low nutrient retention capacity, and rapidly transmit soluble and colloidal material in subsurface flow. Ellen Brook, on the coastal plain, drains pastures treated with superphosphate and has the highest FRP (0.51 mg 1-1), TP (0.7 mg 1-1) and TN (2.1 mg 1-1) of any tributary to the estuary. The coastal plain is also undergoing urbanization, particularly in areas adjacent to the estuary. Nutrients are subsequently available for transport during the onset of seasonal wet weather. Perennial baseflow from urban areas is an important source of nutrients. Water yield from the urban areas was high, being as much as 50% of annual rainfall. The timing of the nutrients delivered by the tributaries may be an important control on estuarine ecology. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.304","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Donohue, R., 2001, Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 13, p. 2555-2577, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.304.","startPage":"2555","endPage":"2577","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.304"},{"id":232541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a699ae4b0c8380cd73dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donohue, R.","contributorId":20925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohue","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023662,"text":"70023662 - 2001 - Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023662","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska","docAbstract":"The last interglacial period is thought to be the last time global climate was significantly warmer than present. New stratigraphic studies at Eva Creek, near Fairbanks, Alaska indicate a complex last interglacial record wherein periods of loess deposition alternated with periods of soil formation. The Eva Forest Bed appears to have formed about the time of or after deposition of the Old Crow tephra (dated to ??? 160 to ??? 120 ka), and is therefore correlated with the last interglacial period. Pollen, macrofossils, and soils from the Eva Forest Bed indicate that boreal forest was the dominant vegetation and precipitation may have been greater than present around Fairbanks during the peak of the last interglacial period. A new compilation of last interglacial localities indicates that boreal forest was extensive over interior Alaska and Yukon Territory. Boreal forest also extended beyond its present range onto the Seward and Baldwin Peninsulas, and probably migrated to higher elevations, now occupied by tundra, in the interior. Comparison of last interglacial pollen and macrofossil data with atmospheric general circulation model results shows both agreement and disagreement. Model results of warmer-than-present summers are in agreement with fossil data. However, numerous localities with boreal forest records are in conflict with model reconstructions of an extensive cool steppe in interior Alaska and much of Yukon Territory during the last interglacial. ?? 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Ager, T.A., and Beget, J.E., 2001, Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 20, no. 1-3, p. 41-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3.","startPage":"41","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3"},{"id":232540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1cce4b08c986b32a77d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beget, J. E.","contributorId":63392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beget","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023661,"text":"70023661 - 2001 - Atrazine retention and degradation in the vadose zone at a till plain site in central Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T12:28:46","indexId":"70023661","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atrazine retention and degradation in the vadose zone at a till plain site in central Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The vadose zone was examined as an environmental compartment where significant quantities of atrazine and its degradation compounds may be stored and transformed. The vadose zone was targeted because regional studies in the White River Basin indicated a large discrepancy between the mass of atrazine applied to fields and the amount of the pesticide and its degradation compounds that are measured in ground and surface water. A study site was established in a rotationally cropped field in the till plain of central Indiana. Data were gathered during the 1994 growing season to characterize the site hydrogeology and the distribution of atrazine, desethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, didealkylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine in runoff, pore water, and ground water. The data indicated that atrazine and its degradation compounds were transported from land surface to a depth of 1.5 m within 60 days of application, but were undetected in the saturated zone at nearby monitoring wells. A numerical model was developed, based on the field data, to provide information about processes that could retain and degrade atrazine in the vadose zone. Simulations indicated that evapotranspiration is responsible for surface directed soil-moisture flow during much of the growing season. This process causes retention and degradation of atrazine in the vadose zone. Increased residence time in the vadose zone leads to nearly complete transformation of atrazine and its degradation products to unquantified degradation compounds. As a result of mascropore flow, small quantities of atrazine and its degradation compounds may reach the saturated zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02298.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Bayless, E., 2001, Atrazine retention and degradation in the vadose zone at a till plain site in central Indiana: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 2, p. 169-180, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02298.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"180","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Hancock","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.5759,39.8738],[-85.5969,39.8735],[-85.5968,39.786],[-85.6333,39.7862],[-85.6338,39.6987],[-85.6876,39.6987],[-85.7993,39.6993],[-85.913,39.6976],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.8625,39.9286],[-85.8624,39.9436],[-85.5774,39.9459]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hancock\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eecde4b0c8380cd49f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayless, E.R.","contributorId":67639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023660,"text":"70023660 - 2001 - Implications of SHRIMP and microstructural data on the age and kinematics of shearing in the Asir terrane, southern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T16:15:06","indexId":"70023660","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1848,"text":"Gondwana Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of SHRIMP and microstructural data on the age and kinematics of shearing in the Asir terrane, southern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p><span>The Asir terrane consists of north-trending belts of variably metamorphosed volcanic, sedimentary, and plutonic rocks that are cut by numerous shear zones (Fig. </span><span>1). </span><span>Previous workers interpreted the shear zones as sutures, structures that modify earlier sutures, or structures that define the margins of tectonic belts across which there are significant lithologic differences and along which there may have been major transposition (Frisch and Al-Shanti, 1977; Greenwood et al., 1982; Brown et al., 1989). SHRIMP data from zircons (Table </span><span>1) </span><span>and sense-of-shear data recently acquired from selected shear zones in the terrane help to constrain the minimum ages and kinematics of these shearing events and lead to an overall model of terrane assembly that is more complex than previously proposed.&nbsp;</span></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Gondwana Research","publisherLocation":"Osaka, Japan","doi":"10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70683-3","issn":"1342937X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., Kattan, F., and Wooden, J.L., 2001, Implications of SHRIMP and microstructural data on the age and kinematics of shearing in the Asir terrane, southern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia: Gondwana Research, v. 4, no. 2, p. 172-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70683-3.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              40,\n              17\n            ],\n            [\n              40,\n              22.5\n            ],\n            [\n              44.5,\n              22.5\n            ],\n            [\n              44.5,\n              17\n            ],\n            [\n              40,\n              17\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a391de4b0c8380cd617e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.R.","contributorId":37332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kattan, F.H.","contributorId":18140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kattan","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023659,"text":"70023659 - 2001 - Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023659","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone","docAbstract":"The pattern of b-value of the frequency-magnitude relation, or mean magnitude, varies little in the Kaoiki-Hilea area of Hawaii, and the b-values are normal, with b = 0.8 in the top 10 km and somewhat lower values below that depth. We interpret the Kaoiki-Hilea area as relatively stable, normal Hawaiian crust. In contrast, the b-values beneath Kilauea's South Flank are anomalously high (b = 1.3-1.7) at depths between 4 and 8 km, with the highest values near the East Rift zone, but extending 5-8 km away from the rift. Also, the anomalously high b-values vary along strike, parallel to the rift zone. The highest b-values are observed near Hiiaka and Pauahi craters at the bend in the rift, the next highest are near Makaopuhi and also near Puu Kaliu. The mildest anomalies occur adjacent to the central section of the rift. The locations of the three major and two minor b-value anomalies correspond to places where shallow magma reservoirs have been proposed based on analyses of seismicity, geodetic data and differentiated lava chemistry. The existence of the magma reservoirs is also supported by magnetic anomalies, which may be areas of dike concentration, and self-potential anomalies, which are areas of thermal upwelling above a hot source. The simplest explanation of these anomalously high b-values is that they are due to the presence of active magma bodies beneath the East Rift zone at depths down to 8 km. In other volcanoes, anomalously high b-values correlate with volumes adjacent to active magma chambers. This supports a model of a magma body beneath the East Rift zone, which may widen and thin along strike, and which may reach 8 km depth and extend from Kilauea's summit to a distance of at least 40 km down rift. The anomalously high b-values at the center of the South Flank, several kilometers away from the rift, may be explained by unusually high pore pressure throughout the South Flank, or by anomalously strong heterogeneity due to extensive cracking, or by both phenomena. The major b-value anomalies are located SSE of their parent reservoirs, in the direction of motion of the flank, suggesting that magma reservoirs leave an imprint in the mobile flank. We hypothesize that the extensive cracking may have been acquired when the anomalous parts of the South Flank, now several kilometers distant from the rift zone, were generated at the rift zone near persistent reservoirs. Since their generation, these volumes may have moved seaward, away from the rift, but earthquakes occurring in them still use the preexisting complex crack distribution. Along the decollement plane at 10 km depth, the b-values are exceptionally low (b = 0.5), suggesting faulting in a more homogeneous medium. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Wyss, M., Klein, F., Nagamine, K., and Wiemer, S., 2001, Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 106, no. 1-2, p. 23-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8.","startPage":"23","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8"},{"id":232500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4ce4b0c8380cd491a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyss, M.","contributorId":68880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyss","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, F.","contributorId":45453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagamine, K.","contributorId":40377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagamine","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiemer, S.","contributorId":22115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023658,"text":"70023658 - 2001 - Carbon isotope systematics and CO2 sources in The Geysers-Clear Lake region, northern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023658","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope systematics and CO2 sources in The Geysers-Clear Lake region, northern California, USA","docAbstract":"Carbon isotope analyses of calcite veins, organic carbon, CO2 and CH4 from 96 rock and 46 gas samples show that metamorphic calcite veins and disseminated, organically-derived carbon from Franciscan Complex and Great Valley Sequence rocks have provided a primary carbon source for geothermal fluids during past and present hydrothermal activity across The Geysers-Clear Lake region. The stable isotope compositions of calcite veins vary widely on a regional scale, but overall they document the presence of 13C-poor fluids in early subduction-related vein-precipitating events. ??13C values of calcite veins from the SB-15-D corehole within The Geysers steam field indicate that carbon-bearing fluids in the recent geothermal system have caused the original diverse ??13C values of the veins to be reset. Across The Geysers-Clear Lake region the carbon isotope composition of CO2 gas associated with individual geothermal reservoirs shows a general increasing trend in ??13C values from west to east. In contrast, ??13C values of CH4 do not exhibit any spatial trends. The results from this study indicate that regional variations in ??13C-CO2 values result from differences in the underlying lithologies. Regional CO2 contains significant amounts of carbon related to degradation of organic carbon and dissolution of calcite veins and is not related to equilibrium reactions involving CH4. CO2 from degassing of underlying magma chambers is not recognizable in this region. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of CNR.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00051-1","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Goff, F., and Janik, C.J., 2001, Carbon isotope systematics and CO2 sources in The Geysers-Clear Lake region, northern California, USA: Geothermics, v. 30, no. 2-3, p. 303-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00051-1.","startPage":"303","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00051-1"},{"id":232459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f366e4b0c8380cd4b7a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D.","contributorId":58053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goff, F.","contributorId":53408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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