{"pageNumber":"313","pageRowStart":"7800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16445,"records":[{"id":70025719,"text":"70025719 - 2003 - Comparison of approaches for simulating reactive solute transport involving organic degradation reactions by multiple terminal electron acceptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:04:33","indexId":"70025719","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of approaches for simulating reactive solute transport involving organic degradation reactions by multiple terminal electron acceptors","docAbstract":"<p>Reactive solute transport models are useful tools for analyzing complex geochemical behavior resulting from biodegradation of organic compounds by multiple terminal electron acceptors (TEAPs). The usual approach of simulating the reactions of multiple TEAPs by an irreversible Monod rate law was compared with simulations that assumed a partial local equilibrium or kinetically controlled reactions subject to the requirement that the Gibbs free energy of reaction (Δ G) was either less than zero or less than a threshold value. Simulations were performed using a single organic substrate and O<sub>2</sub>, FeOOH, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> and CO<sub>2</sub> as the terminal electron acceptors. It was assumed that the organic substrate was slowly and completely fermented to CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> and the H<sub>2</sub> was oxidized by the TEAPs. Simulations using the Monod approach showed that this irreversible rate law forced the reduction of both FeOOH and CO<sub>2</sub> to proceed even when Δ G was positive. This resulted in an over prediction in amount of FeOOH reduced to Fe(II) in parts of the domain and it resulted in large errors in pH. Simulations using mass action kinetics agreed with equilibrium simulations for the case of large rate constants. The extent of reductive dissolution of FeOOH was strongly dependent on the thermodynamic stability of the FeOOH phase. Transport simulations performed assuming that the reactions of the TEAPs stopped when Δ G exceeded a threshold value showed that only simulated H<sub>2</sub> concentrations were affected if the threshold value was the same for each TEAP. Simulated H2 concentrations were controlled by the fastest reaction of the TEAP, but it was common for reactions to occur concomitantly rather than sequentially.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00008-6","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G.P., 2003, Comparison of approaches for simulating reactive solute transport involving organic degradation reactions by multiple terminal electron acceptors: Computers & Geosciences, v. 29, no. 3, p. 319-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00008-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"329","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208808,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00008-6"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f84fe4b0c8380cd4cff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Gary P. 0000-0003-3975-8882 gpcurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-8882","contributorId":2346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"gpcurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025674,"text":"70025674 - 2003 - Estimation of past seepage volumes from calcite distribution in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025674","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of past seepage volumes from calcite distribution in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Low-temperature calcite and opal record the past seepage of water into open fractures and lithophysal cavities in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, site of a proposed high-level radioactive waste repository. Systematic measurements of calcite and opal coatings in the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) tunnel at the proposed repository horizon are used to estimate the volume of calcite at each site of calcite and/or opal deposition. By estimating the volume of water required to precipitate the measured volumes of calcite in the unsaturated zone, seepage rates of 0.005 to 5 liters/year (l/year) are calculated at the median and 95th percentile of the measured volumes, respectively. These seepage rates are at the low end of the range of seepage rates from recent performance assessment (PA) calculations, confirming the conservative nature of the performance assessment. However, the distribution of the calcite and opal coatings indicate that a much larger fraction of the potential waste packages would be contacted by this seepage than is calculated in the performance assessment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00167-5","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Marshall, B., Neymark, L., and Peterman, Z.E., 2003, Estimation of past seepage volumes from calcite distribution in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 62-63, p. 237-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00167-5.","startPage":"237","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208739,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00167-5"},{"id":234705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62-63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b9de4b0c8380cd527d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, B.D.","contributorId":19581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025671,"text":"70025671 - 2003 - Chlorine-36 data at Yucca Mountain: Statistical tests of conceptual models for unsaturated-zone flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025671","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorine-36 data at Yucca Mountain: Statistical tests of conceptual models for unsaturated-zone flow","docAbstract":"An extensive set of chlorine-36 (36Cl) data has been collected in the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF), an 8-km-long tunnel at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, for the purpose of developing and testing conceptual models of flow and transport in the unsaturated zone (UZ) at this site. At several locations, the measured values of 36Cl/Cl ratios for salts leached from rock samples are high enough to provide strong evidence that at least a small component of bomb-pulse 36Cl, fallout from atmospheric testing of nuclear devices in the 1950s and 1960s, was measured, implying that some fraction of the water traveled from the ground surface through 200-300 m of unsaturated rock to the level of the ESF during the last 50 years. These data are analyzed here using a formal statistical approach based on log-linear models to evaluate alternative conceptual models for the distribution of such fast flow paths. The most significant determinant of the presence of bomb-pulse 36Cl in a sample from the welded Topopah Spring unit (TSw) is the structural setting from which the sample was collected. Our analysis generally supports the conceptual model that a fault that cuts through the nonwelded Paintbrush tuff unit (PTn) that overlies the TSw is required in order for bomb-pulse 36Cl to be transmitted to the sample depth in less than 50 years. Away from PTn-cutting faults, the ages of water samples at the ESF appear to be a strong function of the thickness of the nonwelded tuff between the ground surface and the ESF, due to slow matrix flow in that unit. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00176-6","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K., Wolfsberg, A., Fabryka-Martin, J., and Sweetkind, D., 2003, Chlorine-36 data at Yucca Mountain: Statistical tests of conceptual models for unsaturated-zone flow: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 62-63, p. 43-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00176-6.","startPage":"43","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208716,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00176-6"},{"id":234669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62-63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5cde4b0c8380cd4c423","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":10526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfsberg, A.","contributorId":106291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfsberg","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fabryka-Martin, J.","contributorId":51467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabryka-Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweetkind, D.","contributorId":83645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025666,"text":"70025666 - 2003 - Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025666","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1167","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Ritchie, J., Walling, D., and Peters, J., 2003, Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality: Hydrological Processes, v. 17, no. 5, p. 885-886, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1167.","startPage":"885","endPage":"886","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1167"},{"id":234529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9ee4b0c8380cd493af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritchie, J.C.","contributorId":89299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walling, D.E.","contributorId":24481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walling","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, J.","contributorId":58066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70159628,"text":"70159628 - 2003 - The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:13:17","indexId":"70159628","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation","docAbstract":"<div class=\"para\">\n<p>In Africa the variability of rainfall in space and time is high, and the general availability of historical gauge data is low. This makes many food security and hydrologic preparedness activities difficult. In order to help overcome this limitation, we have created the Collaborative Historical African Rainfall Model (CHARM). CHARM combines three sources of information: climatologically aided interpolated (CAI) rainfall grids (monthly/0.5&deg; ), National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis precipitation fields (daily/1.875&deg; ) and orographic enhancement estimates (daily/0.1&deg; ). The first set of weights scales the daily reanalysis precipitation fields to match the gridded CAI monthly rainfall time series. This produces data with a daily/0.5&deg; resolution. A diagnostic model of orographic precipitation, VDELB&mdash;based on the dot-product of the surface wind&nbsp;<i>V</i>&nbsp;and terrain gradient (DEL) and atmospheric buoyancy&nbsp;<i>B</i>&mdash;is then used to estimate the precipitation enhancement produced by complex terrain. Although the data are produced on 0.1&deg; grids to facilitate integration with satellite-based rainfall estimates, the &lsquo;true&rsquo; resolution of the data will be less than this value, and varies with station density, topography, and precipitation dynamics. The CHARM is best suited, therefore, to applications that integrate rainfall or rainfall-driven model results over large regions.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>The CHARM time series is compared with three independent datasets: dekadal satellite-based rainfall estimates across the continent, dekadal interpolated gauge data in Mali, and daily interpolated gauge data in western Kenya. These comparisons suggest reasonable accuracies (standard errors of about half a standard deviation) when data are aggregated to regional scales, even at daily time steps. Thus constrained, numerical weather prediction precipitation fields do a reasonable job of representing large-scale diurnal variations.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/joc.866","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Michaelsen, J.C., Verdin, J.P., Artan, G.A., Husak, G., Senay, G.B., Gadain, H., and Magadazire, T., 2003, The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation: International Journal of Climatology, v. 23, no. 1, p. 47-66, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.866.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717e3e4b0e2669b313133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel C.","contributorId":91790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Husak, Gregory","contributorId":145811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Husak","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gadain, Hussein","contributorId":6255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadain","given":"Hussein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Magadazire, Tamuka","contributorId":149842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magadazire","given":"Tamuka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025642,"text":"70025642 - 2003 - The role of microbial reductive dechlorination of TCE at a phytoremediation site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:44:38","indexId":"70025642","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2064,"text":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of microbial reductive dechlorination of TCE at a phytoremediation site","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract test\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>In April 1996, a phytoremediation field demonstration site at the Naval Air Station, Fort Worth, Texas, was developed to remediate shallow oxic ground water (&lt;3.7 m deep) contaminated with chlorinated ethenes. Microbial populations were sampled in February and June 1998. The populations under the newly planted cottonwood trees had not yet matured to an anaerobic community that could dechlorinate trichloroethene (TCE) to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>cis</i>-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE); however, the microbial population under a mature (∼22-year-old) cottonwood tree about 30 m southwest of the plantings had a mature anaerobic population capable of dechlorinating TCE to DCE, and DCE to vinyl chloride (VC). Oxygen-free sediment incubations with contaminated groundwater also demonstrated that resident microorganisms were capable of the dechlorination of TCE to DCE. This suggests that a sufficient amount of organic material is present for microbial dechlorination in aquifer microniches where dissolved O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations are low. Phenol, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and a cyclic hydrocarbon, compounds consistent with the degradation of root exudates and complex aromatic compounds, were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in sediment samples under the mature cottonwood tree. Elsewhere at the site, transpiration and degradation by the cottonwood trees appears to be responsible for loss of chlorinated ethenes.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/16226510390856484","issn":"15226514","usgsCitation":"Godsy, E., Warren, E., and Paganelli, V., 2003, The role of microbial reductive dechlorination of TCE at a phytoremediation site: International Journal of Phytoremediation, v. 5, no. 1, p. 73-87, https://doi.org/10.1080/16226510390856484.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.591552734375,\n              32.58616357743131\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.042236328125,\n              32.58616357743131\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.042236328125,\n              32.895732015669815\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.591552734375,\n              32.895732015669815\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.591552734375,\n              32.58616357743131\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf83e4b08c986b324857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, E.","contributorId":15360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paganelli, V.V.","contributorId":68080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paganelli","given":"V.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025601,"text":"70025601 - 2003 - Molecular-scale characterization of uranium sorption by bone apatite materials for a permeable reactive barrier demonstration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T08:10:13","indexId":"70025601","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular-scale characterization of uranium sorption by bone apatite materials for a permeable reactive barrier demonstration","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Uranium binding to bone charcoal and bone meal apatite materials was investigated using U L<sub>III</sub>-edge EXAFS spectroscopy and synchrotron source XRD measurements of laboratory batch preparations in the absence and presence of dissolved carbonate. Pelletized bone char apatite recovered from a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at Fry Canyon, UT, was also studied. EXAFS analyses indicate that U(VI) sorption in the absence of dissolved carbonate occurred by surface complexation of U(VI) for sorbed concentrations ≤ 5500 μg U(VI)/g for all materials with the exception of crushed bone char pellets. Either a split or a disordered equatorial oxygen shell was observed, consistent with complexation of uranyl by the apatite surface. A second shell of atoms at a distance of 2.9 Å was required to fit the spectra of samples prepared in the presence of dissolved carbonate (4.8 mM total) and is interpreted as formation of ternary carbonate complexes with sorbed U(VI). A U−P distance at 3.5−3.6 Å was found for most samples under conditions where uranyl phosphate phases did not form, which is consistent with monodentate coordination of uranyl by phosphate groups in the apatite surface. At sorbed concentrations ≥ 5500 μg U(VI)/g in the absence of dissolved carbonate, formation of the uranyl phosphate solid phase, chernikovite, was observed. The presence of dissolved carbonate (4.8 mM total) suppressed the formation of chernikovite, which was not detected even with sorbed U(VI) up to 12 300 μg U(VI)/g in batch samples of bone meal, bone charcoal, and reagent-grade hydroxyapatite. EXAFS spectra of bone char samples recovered from the Fry Canyon PRB were comparable to laboratory samples in the presence of dissolved carbonate where U(VI) sorption occurred by surface complexation. Our findings demonstrate that uranium uptake by bone apatite will probably occur by surface complexation instead of precipitation of uranyl phosphate phases under the groundwater conditions found at many U-contaminated sites.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0343959","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., Bargar, J., and Davis, J., 2003, Molecular-scale characterization of uranium sorption by bone apatite materials for a permeable reactive barrier demonstration: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 20, p. 4642-4649, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0343959.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4642","endPage":"4649","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0343959"},{"id":235832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d18e4b0c8380cd7015f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bargar, J.R.","contributorId":82466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025598,"text":"70025598 - 2003 - Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T07:37:44","indexId":"70025598","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id9\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id10\"><p><span>Analysis of a 72-h, constant-rate&nbsp;aquifer&nbsp;test conducted in a coarse-grained and highly permeable, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts revealed that drawdowns measured in 20&nbsp;piezometers&nbsp;located at various depths below the&nbsp;water table&nbsp;and distances from the pumped well were significantly influenced by effects of drainage from the&nbsp;</span>vadose zone<span>. The influence was greatest in piezometers located close to the water table and diminished with increasing depth. The influence of the vadose zone was evident from a gap, in the intermediate-time zone, between measured drawdowns and drawdowns computed under the assumption that drainage from the vadose zone occurred instantaneously in response to a decline in the elevation of the water table. By means of an analytical model that was designed to account for time-varying drainage, simulated drawdowns could be closely fitted to measured drawdowns regardless of the piezometer locations. Because of the exceptional quality and quantity of the data and the relatively small aquifer heterogeneity, it was possible by inverse modeling to estimate all relevant aquifer parameters and a set of three empirical constants used in the upper-boundary condition to account for the dynamic drainage process. The empirical constants were used to define a one-dimensional (1D) drainage versus time curve that is assumed to be representative of the bulk material overlying the water table. The curve was inverted with a&nbsp;parameter estimation&nbsp;algorithm and a 1D numerical model for variably saturated flow to obtain soil-moisture retention curves and unsaturated&nbsp;hydraulic conductivity&nbsp;relationships defined by the Brooks and Corey equations. Direct analysis of the aquifer-test data using a parameter estimation algorithm and a two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model for variably saturated flow yielded similar soil-moisture characteristics. Results suggest that hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics are different from core-scale predictions and even relatively small amounts of fine-grained material and heterogeneity can dominate the large-scale soil-moisture characteristics and aquifer response.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00202-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., 2003, Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 281, no. 1-2, p. 82-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00202-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"95","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209398,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00202-6"},{"id":235796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"281","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b90e4b0c8380cd5279b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025549,"text":"70025549 - 2003 - Simulation of unsteady flow and solute transport in a tidal river network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-28T16:12:29.677132","indexId":"70025549","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1515,"text":"Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of unsteady flow and solute transport in a tidal river network","docAbstract":"A mathematical model and numerical method for water flow and solute transport in a tidal river network is presented. The tidal river network is defined as a system of open channels of rivers with junctions and cross sections. As an example, the Pearl River in China is represented by a network of 104 channels, 62 nodes, and a total of 330 cross sections with 11 boundary section for one of the applications. The simulations are performed with a supercomputer for seven scenarios of water flow and/or solute transport in the Pearl River, China, with different hydrological and weather conditions. Comparisons with available data are shown. The intention of this study is to summarize previous works and to provide a useful tool for water environmental management in a tidal river network, particularly for the Pearl River, China.","language":"English","publisher":"MCB UP","doi":"10.1108/02644400310488853","issn":"02644401","usgsCitation":"Zhan, X., 2003, Simulation of unsteady flow and solute transport in a tidal river network: Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales), v. 20, no. 5-6, p. 754-767, https://doi.org/10.1108/02644400310488853.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"754","endPage":"767","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90b3e4b08c986b319638","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhan, X.","contributorId":26477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025464,"text":"70025464 - 2003 - Changes in the timing of high river flows in New England over the 20th Century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025464","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the timing of high river flows in New England over the 20th Century","docAbstract":"The annual timing of river flows is a good indicator of climate-related changes, or lack of changes, for rivers with long-term data that drain unregulated basins with stable land use. Changes in the timing of annual winter/spring (January 1 to May 31) and fall (October 1 to December 31) center of volume dates were analyzed for 27 rural, unregulated river gaging stations in New England, USA with an average of 68 years of record. The center of volume date is the date by which half of the total volume of water for a given period of time flows past a river gaging station, and is a measure of the timing of the bulk of flow within the time period. Winter/spring center of volume (WSCV) dates have become significantly earlier (p < 0.1) at all 11 river gaging stations in areas of New England where snowmelt runoff has the most effect on spring river flows. Most of this change has occurred in the last 30 years with dates advancing by 1-2 weeks. WSCV dates were correlated with March through April air temperatures (r = -0.72) and with January precipitation (r = -0.37). Three of 16 river gaging stations in the remainder of New England had significantly earlier WSCV dates. Four out of 27 river gaging stations had significantly earlier fall center of volume dates in New England. Changes in the timing of winter/spring and fall peak flow dates were consistent with the changes in the respective center of volume dates, given the greater variability in the peak flow dates. Changes in the WSCV dates over the last 30 years are consistent with previous studies of New England last-frost dates, lilac bloom dates, lake ice-out dates, and spring air temperatures. This suggests that these New England spring geophysical and biological changes all were caused by a common mechanism, temperature increases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00155-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G., Dudley, R.W., and Huntington, T., 2003, Changes in the timing of high river flows in New England over the 20th Century: Journal of Hydrology, v. 278, no. 1-4, p. 244-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00155-0.","startPage":"244","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209445,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00155-0"},{"id":235899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f436e4b0c8380cd4bbe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, G.A.","contributorId":14022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, R. W.","contributorId":90780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025458,"text":"70025458 - 2003 - Data-based comparisons of moments estimators using historical and paleoflood data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025458","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data-based comparisons of moments estimators using historical and paleoflood data","docAbstract":"This paper presents the first systematic comparison, using historical and paleoflood data, of moments-based flood frequency methods. Peak flow estimates were compiled from streamflow-gaging stations with historical and/or paleoflood data at 36 sites located in the United States, Argentina, United Kingdom and China, covering a diverse range of hydrologic conditions. The Expected Moments Algorithm (EMA) and the Bulletin 17B historical weighting procedure (B17H) were compared in terms of goodness of fit using 25 of the data sets. Results from this comparison indicate that EMA is a viable alternative to current B17H procedures from an operational perspective, and performed equal to or better than B17H for the data analyzed. We demonstrate satisfactory EMA performance for the remaining 11 sites with multiple thresholds and binomial censoring, which B17H cannot accommodate. It is shown that the EMA estimator readily incorporates these types of information and the LP-III distribution provided an adequate fit to the data in most cases. The results shown here are consistent with Monte Carlo simulation studies, and demonstrate that EMA is preferred overall to B17H. The Bulletin 17B document could be revised to include an option for EMA as an alternative to the existing historical weighting approach. These results are of practical relevance to hydrologists and water resources managers for applications in floodplain management, design of hydraulic structures, and risk analysis for dams. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00141-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"England, J., Jarrett, R., and Salas, J., 2003, Data-based comparisons of moments estimators using historical and paleoflood data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 278, no. 1-4, p. 172-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00141-0.","startPage":"172","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00141-0"},{"id":235823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdcfe4b0c8380cd4e95a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"England, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":42405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"England","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salas, J.D.","contributorId":84962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salas","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025408,"text":"70025408 - 2003 - Binding of mercury(II) to aquatic humic substances: Influence of pH and source of humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T08:30:27","indexId":"70025408","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Binding of mercury(II) to aquatic humic substances: Influence of pH and source of humic substances","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Conditional distribution coefficients (<i>K</i><sub>DOM</sub>‘) for Hg(II) binding to seven dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates were measured at environmentally relevant ratios of Hg(II) to DOM. The results show that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>DOM</sub>‘ values for different types of samples (humic acids, fulvic acids, hydrophobic acids) isolated from diverse aquatic environments were all within 1 order of magnitude (10<sup>22.5</sup><sup>±</sup><sup>1.0</sup>−10<sup>23.5</sup><sup>±</sup><sup>1.0</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>L kg<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>), suggesting similar Hg(II) binding environments, presumably involving thiol groups, for the different isolates.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>DOM</sub>‘ values decreased at low pHs (4) compared to values at pH 7, indicating proton competition for the strong Hg(II) binding sites. Chemical modeling of Hg(II)−DOM binding at different pH values was consistent with bidentate binding of Hg(II) by one thiol group (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 10.3) and one other group (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 6.3) in the DOM, which is in agreement with recent results on the structure of Hg(II)−DOM bonds obtained by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS).</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es026291o","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Haitzer, M., Aiken, G., and Ryan, J.N., 2003, Binding of mercury(II) to aquatic humic substances: Influence of pH and source of humic substances: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2436-2441, https://doi.org/10.1021/es026291o.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2436","endPage":"2441","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es026291o"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f135e4b0c8380cd4aac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haitzer, M.","contributorId":94812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitzer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025383,"text":"70025383 - 2003 - Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T08:00:30","indexId":"70025383","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties","docAbstract":"<p><span>An understanding of unsaturated flow and potential recharge in interdrainage semiarid and arid regions is critical for quantification of water resources and contaminant transport. We evaluated system response to paleoclimatic forcing using water potential and Cl profiles and modeling of nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow and Cl transport at semiarid (High Plains, Texas) and arid (Chihuahuan Desert, Texas; Amargosa Desert, Nevada) sites. Infiltration in response to current climatic forcing is restricted to the shallow (∼0.3–3 m) subsurface. Subsurface Cl accumulations correspond to time periods of 9–90 kyr. Bulge-shaped Cl profiles generally represent accumulation during the Holocene (9–16 kyr). Lower Cl concentrations at depth reflect higher water fluxes (0.04–8.4 mm/yr) during the Pleistocene and earlier times. Low water potentials and upward gradients indicate current drying conditions. Nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow simulations indicate that upward flow for at least 1–2 kyr in the High Plains and for 12–16 kyr at the Chihuahuan and Amargosa desert sites is required to reproduce measured upward water potential gradients and that recharge is negligible (&lt;0.1 mm/yr) in these interdrainage areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001604","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Keese, K., Reedy, R., Simunek, J., and Andraski, B.J., 2003, Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 7, Article 1179; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001604.","productDescription":"Article 1179; 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc17de4b08c986b32a5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keese, K.","contributorId":15813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keese","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reedy, R.C.","contributorId":80880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reedy","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simunek, Jirka","contributorId":9440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simunek","given":"Jirka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025314,"text":"70025314 - 2003 - Effects of structural marsh management and salinity on invertebrate prey of waterbirds in marsh ponds during winter on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025314","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of structural marsh management and salinity on invertebrate prey of waterbirds in marsh ponds during winter on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain","docAbstract":"Aquatic invertebrates are important food resources for wintering waterbirds, and prey selection generally is limited by prey size. Aquatic invertebrate communities are influenced by sediments and hydrologic characteristics of wetlands, which were affected by structural marsh management (levees, water-control structures and impoundments; SMM) and salinity on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain of North America. Based on previous research, we tested general predictions that SMM reduces biomass of infaunal invertebrates and increases that of epifaunal invertebrates and those that tolerate low levels of dissolved oxygen (O2) and salinity. We also tested the general prediction that invertebrate biomass in freshwater, oligohaline, and mesohaline marshes are similar, except for taxa adapted to specific ranges of salinity. Finally, we investigated relationships among invertebrate biomass and sizes, sediment and hydrologic variables, and marsh types. Accordingly, we measured biomass of common invertebrate by three size classes (63 to 199 ??m, 200 to 999 ??m, and ???1000 ??m), sediment variables (carbon content, C:N ratio, hardness, particle size, and O, penetration), and hydrologic variables (salinity, water depth,temperature, 02, and turbidity) in ponds of impounded freshwater (IF), oligohaline (IO), mesohaline (IM), and unimpounded mesohaline (UM) marshes during winters 1997-1998 to 1999-2000 on Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, near Grand Chenier, Louisiana, USA. As predicted, an a priori multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) contrast indicated that biomass of an infaunal class of invertebrates (Nematoda, 63 to 199 ??m) was greater in UM marsh ponds than in those of IM marshes, and biomass of an epifaunal class of invertebrates (Ostracoda, 200 to 999 ??m) was greater in IM marsh ponds than in those of UM marshes. The observed reduction in Nematoda due to SMM also was consistent with the prediction that SMM reduces invertebrates that do not tolerate low salinity. Furthermore, as predicted, an a priori MANOVA contrast indicated that biomass of a single invertebrate class adapted to low salinity (Oligochaeta, 200 to 999 ??m) was greater in ponds of IF marshes than in those of IO and IM marshes. A canonical correspondence analysis indicated that variation in salinity and O2 penetration best explained differences among sites that maximized biomass of the common invertebrate classes. Salinity was positively correlated with the silt-clay fraction, O2, and O2 penetration, and negatively correlated with water depth, sediment hardness, carbon, and C:N. Nematoda, Foraminifera, and Copepoda generally were associated with UM marsh ponds and high salinity, whereas other invertebrate classes were distributed among impounded marsh ponds and associated with lower salinity. Our results suggest that SMM and salinity have relatively small effects on invertebrate prey of wintering waterbirds in marsh ponds because they affect biomass of Nematoda and Oligochaeta, and few waterbirds consume these invertebrates. ?? 2003, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Bolduc, F., and Afton, A., 2003, Effects of structural marsh management and salinity on invertebrate prey of waterbirds in marsh ponds during winter on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 4, p. 897-910.","startPage":"897","endPage":"910","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e4e4b0c8380cd518a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolduc, F.","contributorId":76444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolduc","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025312,"text":"70025312 - 2003 - Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025312","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Variable density ground water flow models are rarely used to estimate submarine ground water discharge because of limitations in computer speed, data availability, and availability of a simulation tool that can minimize numerical dispersion. This paper presents an application of the SEAWAT code, which is a combined version of MODFLOW and MT3D, to estimate rates of submarine ground water discharge to a coastal marine estuary. Discharge rates were estimated for Biscayne Bay, Florida, for the period from January 1989 to September 1998 using a three-dimensional, variable density ground water flow and transport model. Hydrologic stresses in the 10-layer model include recharge, evapotranspiration, ground water withdrawals from municipal wellfields, interactions with surface water (canals in urban areas and wetlands in the Everglades), boundary fluxes, and submarine ground water discharge to Biscayne Bay. The model was calibrated by matching ground water levels in monitoring wells, baseflow to canals, and the position of the 1995 salt water intrusion line. Results suggest that fresh submarine ground water discharge to Biscayne Bay may have exceeded surface water discharge during the 1989, 1990, and 1991 dry seasons, but the average discharge for the entire simulation period was only ???10% of the surface water discharge to the bay. Results from the model also suggest that tidal canals intercept fresh ground water that might otherwise have discharged directly to Biscayne Bay. This application demonstrates that regional scale variable density models are potentially useful tools for estimating rates of submarine ground water discharge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C., 2003, Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 6, p. 758-771, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x.","startPage":"758","endPage":"771","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x"},{"id":235964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9007e4b08c986b319294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025251,"text":"70025251 - 2003 - Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to metal exposure and bioaccumulation associated with hard-rock mining in northwestern streams, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:38:07","indexId":"70025251","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to metal exposure and bioaccumulation associated with hard-rock mining in northwestern streams, USA","docAbstract":"Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, environmental variables, and associated mine density were evaluated during the summer of 2000 at 18 reference and test sites in the Coeur d'Alene and St. Regis River basins, northwestern USA as part of the US Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in water and (or) streambed sediment at test sites in basins where production mine density was ???0.2 mines/km2 (in a 500-m stream buffer) were significantly higher than concentrations at reference sites. Zn and Pb were identified as the primary contaminants in water and streambed sediment, respectively. These metal concentrations often exceeded acute Ambient Water Quality Criteria for aquatic life and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Probable Effect Level for streambed sediment. Regression analysis identified significant correlations between production mine density in each basin and Zn concentrations in water and Pb in streambed sediment (r2 = 0.69 and 0.65, p < 0.01). Metal concentrations in caddisfly tissue, used to verify site-specific exposures of benthos, also were highest at sites downstream from intensive mining. Benthic invertebrate taxa richness and densities were lower at sites downstream than upstream of areas of intensive hard-rock mining and associated metal enrichment. Benthic invertebrate metrics that were most effective in discriminating changes in assemblage structure between reference and mining sites were total number of taxa, number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa, and densities of total individuals, EPT individuals, and metal-sensitive Ephemeroptera individuals.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468356","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Maret, T., Cain, D., MacCoy, D., and Short, T., 2003, Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to metal exposure and bioaccumulation associated with hard-rock mining in northwestern streams, USA: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 22, no. 4, p. 598-620, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468356.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"620","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa34e4b0c8380cd861de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maret, T.R.","contributorId":9015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacCoy, D.E.","contributorId":47814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Short, T.M.","contributorId":50626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025248,"text":"70025248 - 2003 - The effect of entrapped nonaqueous phase liquids on tracer transport in heterogeneous porous media: Laboratory experiments at the intermediate scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025248","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of entrapped nonaqueous phase liquids on tracer transport in heterogeneous porous media: Laboratory experiments at the intermediate scale","docAbstract":"This work considers the applicability of conservative tracers for detecting high-saturation nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) entrapment in heterogeneous systems. For this purpose, a series of experiments and simulations was performed using a two-dimensional heterogeneous system (10??1.2 m), which represents an intermediate scale between laboratory and field scales. Tracer tests performed prior to injecting the NAPL provide the baseline response of the heterogeneous porous medium. Two NAPL spill experiments were performed and the entrapped-NAPL saturation distribution measured in detail using a gamma-ray attenuation system. Tracer tests following each of the NAPL spills produced breakthrough curves (BTCs) reflecting the impact of entrapped NAPL on conservative transport. To evaluate significance, the impact of NAPL entrapment on the conservative-tracer breakthrough curves was compared to simulated breakthrough curve variability for different realizations of the heterogeneous distribution. Analysis of the results reveals that the NAPL entrapment has a significant impact on the temporal moments of conservative-tracer breakthrough curves. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00066-4","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Barth, G.R., Illangasekare, T., and Rajaram, H., 2003, The effect of entrapped nonaqueous phase liquids on tracer transport in heterogeneous porous media: Laboratory experiments at the intermediate scale: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 67, no. 1-4, p. 247-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00066-4.","startPage":"247","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00066-4"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab25e4b08c986b322c60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, Gilbert R.","contributorId":15374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Illangasekare, T.H.","contributorId":45847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Illangasekare","given":"T.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rajaram, H.","contributorId":39547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajaram","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025219,"text":"70025219 - 2003 - Origin and significance of postore dissolution collapse breccias cemented with calcite and barite at the Meikle gold deposit, Northern Carlin trend, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T18:49:30.317044","indexId":"70025219","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and significance of postore dissolution collapse breccias cemented with calcite and barite at the Meikle gold deposit, Northern Carlin trend, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>The final event in a complicated hydrothermal history&nbsp;</span>at<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>Meikle<span>&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;</span>deposit<span>&nbsp;was&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;deficient but caused extensive&nbsp;</span>postore<span>&nbsp;</span>dissolution<span>&nbsp;of carbonate,&nbsp;</span>collapse<span>&nbsp;brecciation, and precipitation of&nbsp;</span>calcite<span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>barite<span>&nbsp;crystals in the resulting cavities. Although previously interpreted to be part of the&nbsp;</span>Carlin<span>-type hydrothermal system, crosscutting relationships and U-Th-Pb geochronology constrain this hydrothermal event to late Pliocene time (ca. 2 Ma), nearly 36 Ma after ore formation. Mineralogic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope data indicate that&nbsp;</span>postore<span>&nbsp;hydrothermal fluids were reduced, H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>S-rich, unevolved meteoric waters ((δ&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O = -17‰) of low temperature (ca. 65°C). The δ&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values of&nbsp;</span>barite<span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>calcite<span>&nbsp;indicate that these minerals were in isotopic equilibrium, requiring that&nbsp;</span>barite<span>&nbsp;SO&nbsp;</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;was derived from the oxidation of reduced sulfur; however, preexisting sulfides in&nbsp;</span>breccia<span>&nbsp;cavities were not oxidized. The δ&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S (15‰) values of&nbsp;</span>barite<span>&nbsp;are higher than those of local bulk sulfide and supergene alunite indicating that SO&nbsp;</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;was not derived from supergene oxidation of local sulfide minerals. The 15 per mil δ&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S value suggests that the H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>S in the fluids may have been leached from sulfur-rich organic matter in the local carbonaceous sedimentary rocks. A reduced H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>S-rich fluid is also supported by the bright cathodoluminescence of&nbsp;</span>calcite<span>&nbsp;which indicates that it is Mn rich and Fe poor.&nbsp;</span>Calcite<span>&nbsp;has a narrow range of δ&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values (0.3-1.8‰) that are indistinguishable from those of the host Bootstrap limestone, indicating that CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in the fluid was from&nbsp;</span>dissolution<span>&nbsp;of the local limestone. These data suggest that&nbsp;</span>dissolution<span>&nbsp;and brecciation of the Bootstrap limestone occurred where H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>S-rich fluids encountered more oxidizing fluids and formed sulfuric acid (H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>SO&nbsp;</span><sub>4</sub><span>). Intense fracturing in the mine area by previous structural and hydrothermal events probably provided conduits for the descent of oxidized surface water which mixed with the underlying H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>S-rich waters to form the dissolving acid. The surface-derived fluid apparently contained sufficient oxygen to produce H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>SO&nbsp;</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;from H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>S but not enough to alter pyrite to Fe oxide. Although H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>S is an important&nbsp;</span>gold<span>-transporting ligand, the temperature was too low to transport a significant amount of&nbsp;</span>gold<span>. The presence of analogous&nbsp;</span>calcite<span>- and&nbsp;</span>barite<span>-lined cavities in other&nbsp;</span>Carlin<span>-type deposits suggests that the generation (and oxidation) of H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>S-rich meteoric waters was a common phenomenon in north-central&nbsp;</span>Nevada<span>. Previous sulfur isotope studies have also shown that the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks were the principal source of H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>S in Devonian sedimentary exhalative-type, Jurassic intrusion-related, Eocene&nbsp;</span>Carlin<span>-type, and Miocene low-sulfidation&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;deposits in the region. The similar sulfur source in all of these systems suggests that basin brines, magmatic fluids, and meteoric waters all evolved to be H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>S-rich ore fluids by circulation through Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Thus, although not directly related to&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;mineralization, the recent hydrologic history of the&nbsp;</span>deposit<span>&nbsp;provides important clues to earlier ore-forming processes that were responsible for&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;mineralization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1243","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., and Hofstra, A., 2003, Origin and significance of postore dissolution collapse breccias cemented with calcite and barite at the Meikle gold deposit, Northern Carlin trend, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1243-1252, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1243.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Nevada","city":"Carlin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.25732421875,\n              40.60144147645398\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.9332275390625,\n              40.60144147645398\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.9332275390625,\n              40.851215574282456\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25732421875,\n              40.851215574282456\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25732421875,\n              40.60144147645398\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70bde4b0c8380cd761f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025187,"text":"70025187 - 2003 - Bacterial transport experiments in fractured crystalline bedrock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:07:43","indexId":"70025187","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial transport experiments in fractured crystalline bedrock","docAbstract":"The efficiency of contaminant biodegradation in ground water depends, in part, on the transport properties of the degrading bacteria. Few data exist concerning the transport of bacteria in saturated bedrock, particularly at the field scale. Bacteria and microsphere tracer experiments were conducted in a fractured crystalline bedrock under forced-gradient conditions over a distance of 36 m. Bacteria isolated from the local ground water were chosen on the basis of physicochemical and physiological differences (shape, cell-wall type, motility), and were differentially stained so that their transport behavior could be compared. No two bacterial strains transported in an identical manner, and microspheres produced distinctly different breakthrough curves than bacteria. Although there was insufficient control in this field experiment to completely separate the effects of bacteria shape, reaction to Gram staining, cell size, and motility on transport efficiency, it was observed that (1) the nonmotile, mutant strain exhibited better fractional recovery than the motile parent strain; (2) Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria exhibited higher fractional recovery relative to the Gram-positive rod-shaped strain of similar size; and (3) coccoidal (spherical-shaped) bacteria transported better than all but one strain of the rod-shaped bacteria. The field experiment must be interpreted in the context of the specific bacterial strains and ground water environment in which they were conducted, but experimental results suggest that minor differences in the physical properties of bacteria can lead to major differences in transport behavior at the field scale.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Becker, M., Metge, D., Collins, S., Shapiro, A., and Harvey, R., 2003, Bacterial transport experiments in fractured crystalline bedrock: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 5, p. 682-689, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"682","endPage":"689","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209355,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x"},{"id":235688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef9be4b0c8380cd4a34a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, M.W.","contributorId":35896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, S.A.","contributorId":63947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":404164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025155,"text":"70025155 - 2003 - Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:53:17","indexId":"70025155","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id10\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p>Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), an additive used to oxygenate gasoline, has been detected in lakes in northwestern New Jersey. This occurrence has been attributed to the use of gasoline-powered watercraft. This paper documents and explains both seasonal and daily variations in MTBE concentrations at Cranberry Lake. During a recent boating season (late April to September 1999), concentrations of MTBE typically exceeded 20&nbsp;μg/L. MTBE concentrations varied daily from 12 to 24&nbsp;μg/L over a 2-week period that included the Labor Day holiday. Concentrations were highest on weekends when there is more boat traffic, which had an immediate effect on MTBE mass throughout the lake. MTBE concentrations decreased to about 2&nbsp;μg/L shortly after the end of the summer recreational season. The loss of MTBE can be accounted for by volatilization, with a half-life on the order of 10 days. The volatilization rate was modeled with the daily decrease in MTBE then the modeled rate was validated using the data from the seasonal decline.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00243-4","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Toran, L., Lipka, C., Baehr, A., Reilly, T., and Baker, R., 2003, Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey: Water Research, v. 37, no. 15, p. 3756-3766, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00243-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3756","endPage":"3766","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209386,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00243-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Cranberry Lake","volume":"37","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8869e4b08c986b316966","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toran, L.","contributorId":78519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toran","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipka, C.","contributorId":48368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipka","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baehr, A.","contributorId":29619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reilly, T.","contributorId":53138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, R.","contributorId":11542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025072,"text":"70025072 - 2003 - Geology of the MER 2003 \"Elysium\" candidate landing site in southeastern Utopia Planitia, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T09:03:27","indexId":"70025072","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the MER 2003 \"Elysium\" candidate landing site in southeastern Utopia Planitia, Mars","docAbstract":"<p>The NASA Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Project has been considering a landing-site ellipse designated EP78B2 in southeastern Utopia Planitia, southwest of Elysium Mons. The site appears to be relatively safe for a MER landing site because of its predicted low wind velocities in mesoscale atmospheric circulation models and its low surface roughness at various scales as indicated by topographic and imaging data sets. Previously, the site's surface rocks have been interpreted to be marine sediments or lava flows. In addition, we suggest that Late Noachian to Early Hesperian collapse and mass wasting of Noachian highland rocks contributed to the deposition of detritus in the area of the ellipse. Furthermore, we document partial Late Hesperian to Early Amazonian resurfacing of the ellipse by flows and vents that may be of mud or silicate volcanic origin. A rover investigation of the Utopia landing site using the MER Athena instrument package might address some fundamental aspects of Martian geologic evolution, such as climate change, hydrologic evolution, and magmatic and tectonic history.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2003JE002054","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., Carr, M.H., Skinner, J., Gilmore, M.S., and Hare, T.M., 2003, Geology of the MER 2003 \"Elysium\" candidate landing site in southeastern Utopia Planitia, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. E12, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JE002054.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003je002054","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars; Utopia Planitia","volume":"108","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a25fae4b0c8380cd58cf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, Michael H.","contributorId":61894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmore, Martha S.","contributorId":211064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilmore","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025068,"text":"70025068 - 2003 - Application of two hydrologic models with different runoff mechanisms to a hillslope dominated watershed in the northeastern US: A comparison of HSPF and SMR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025068","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of two hydrologic models with different runoff mechanisms to a hillslope dominated watershed in the northeastern US: A comparison of HSPF and SMR","docAbstract":"Differences in the simulation of hydrologic processes by watershed models directly affect the accuracy of results. Surface runoff generation can be simulated as either: (1) infiltration-excess (or Hortonian) overland flow, or (2) saturation-excess overland flow. This study compared the Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) and the Soil Moisture Routing (SMR) models, each representing one of these mechanisms. These two models were applied to a 102 km2 watershed in the upper part of the Irondequoit Creek basin in central New York State over a seven-year simulation period. The models differed in both the complexity of simulating snowmelt and baseflow processes as well as the detail in which the geographic information was preserved by each model. Despite their differences in structure and representation of hydrologic processes, the two models simulated streamflow with almost equal accuracy. Since streamflow is an integral response and depends mainly on the watershed water balance, this was not unexpected. Model efficiency values for the seven-year simulation period were 0.67 and 0.65 for SMR and HSPF, respectively. HSPF simulated winter streamflow slightly better than SMR as a result of its complex snowmelt routine, whereas SMR simulated summer flows better than HSPF as a result of its runoff and baseflow processes. An important difference between model results was the ability to predict the spatial distribution of soil moisture content. HSPF aggregates soil moisture content, which is generally related to a specific pervious land unit across the entire watershed, whereas SMR predictions of moisture content distribution are geographically specific and matched field observations reasonably well. Important is that the saturated area was predicted well by SMR and confirmed the validity of using saturation-excess mechanisms for this hillslope dominated watershed. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.07.005","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Coon, W., Mehta, V., Steenhuis, T., Brooks, E., and Boll, J., 2003, Application of two hydrologic models with different runoff mechanisms to a hillslope dominated watershed in the northeastern US: A comparison of HSPF and SMR: Journal of Hydrology, v. 284, no. 1-4, p. 57-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.07.005.","startPage":"57","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.07.005"},{"id":235681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"284","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecbfe4b0c8380cd49468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, M.S.","contributorId":49382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coon, W.F.","contributorId":102524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehta, V.K.","contributorId":31183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehta","given":"V.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steenhuis, T.S.","contributorId":66041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhuis","given":"T.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, E.S.","contributorId":22547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boll, J.","contributorId":15812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boll","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025024,"text":"70025024 - 2003 - Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:51:18","indexId":"70025024","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article_abstract\"><div class=\"container container_scaled-down\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-xs-12\"><div id=\"abstractBox\" class=\"article_abstract-content hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Excitation−emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely used to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water and soil. However, interpreting the &gt;10,000 wavelength-dependent fluorescence intensity data points represented in EEMs has posed a significant challenge. Fluorescence regional integration, a quantitative technique that integrates the volume beneath an EEM, was developed to analyze EEMs. EEMs were delineated into five excitation−emission regions based on fluorescence of model compounds, DOM fractions, and marine waters or freshwaters. Volumetric integration under the EEM within each region, normalized to the projected excitation−emission area within that region and dissolved organic carbon concentration, resulted in a normalized region-specific EEM volume (Φ<i><sub>i</sub></i><sub>,n</sub>). Solid-state carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>13</sup>C NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, ultraviolet−visible absorption spectra, and EEMs were obtained for standard Suwannee River fulvic acid and 15 hydrophobic or hydrophilic acid, neutral, and base DOM fractions plus nonfractionated DOM from wastewater effluents and rivers in the southwestern United States. DOM fractions fluoresced in one or more EEM regions. The highest cumulative EEM volume (Φ<sub>T,n</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= ΣΦ<i><sub>i</sub></i><sub>,n</sub>) was observed for hydrophobic neutral DOM fractions, followed by lower Φ<sub>T,n</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values for hydrophobic acid, base, and hydrophilic acid DOM fractions, respectively. An extracted wastewater biomass DOM sample contained aromatic protein- and humic-like material and was characteristic of bacterial-soluble microbial products. Aromatic carbon and the presence of specific aromatic compounds (as indicated by solid-state<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C NMR and FTIR data) resulted in EEMs that aided in differentiating wastewater effluent DOM from drinking water DOM.</p></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es034354c","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chen, W., Westerhoff, P., Leenheer, J., and Booksh, K., 2003, Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 24, p. 5701-5710, https://doi.org/10.1021/es034354c.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5701","endPage":"5710","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a127fe4b0c8380cd54327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, W.","contributorId":31165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerhoff, P.","contributorId":44685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerhoff","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Booksh, K.","contributorId":27644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booksh","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024979,"text":"70024979 - 2003 - Reduction of elemental selenium to selenide: Experiments with anoxic sediments and bacteria that respire Se-oxyanions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:00:35","indexId":"70024979","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduction of elemental selenium to selenide: Experiments with anoxic sediments and bacteria that respire Se-oxyanions","docAbstract":"<p><span>A selenite-respiring bacterium,&nbsp;</span><i>Bacillus selenitireducens</i><span>, produced significant levels of Se(-II) (as aqueous HSe</span><sup>−</sup><span>) when supplied with Se(0).&nbsp;</span><i>B. selenitireducens</i><span>&nbsp;was also able to reduce selenite [Se(IV)] through Se(0) to Se(-II). Reduction of Se(0) by&nbsp;</span><i>B. selenitireducens</i><span>&nbsp;was more rapid in cells grown on colloidal sulfur [S(0)] or Se(IV) as their electron acceptor than for cell lines grown on fumarate. In contrast, three cultures of selenate-respiring bacteria,&nbsp;</span><i>Sulfurospirillum barnesii</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>B. arsenicoselenatis</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>Selenihalanaerobacter shriftii</i><span>&nbsp;either were unable to reduce Se(0) to Se(-II) or had only a very limited capacity to achieve this reduction. Biological reduction of Se(0) to Se(-II) was observed during incubation of estuarine sediment slurries, while no such activity was noted in formalin-killed controls. The majority of the Se(-II) produced was found in the sediments as a solid precipitate of FeSe, rather than in solution as HSe</span><sup>−</sup><span>. These results demonstrate that certain anaerobic bacteria have the capacity to reduce Se(0) to Se(-II), providing a possible biological explanation for the occurrence of the selenide species in some sedimentary rocks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/713851163","issn":"01490451","usgsCitation":"Herbel, M., Blum, J., Oremland, R., and Borglin, S., 2003, Reduction of elemental selenium to selenide: Experiments with anoxic sediments and bacteria that respire Se-oxyanions: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 20, no. 6, p. 587-602, https://doi.org/10.1080/713851163.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"602","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3dbe4b0e8fec6cdb9de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, J.S.","contributorId":105070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borglin, S.E.","contributorId":69334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borglin","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024952,"text":"70024952 - 2003 - A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:12:04","indexId":"70024952","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium","docAbstract":"A new method for field speciation of Cr(VI) has been developed to meet present stringent regulatory standards and to overcome the limitations of existing methods. The method consists of passing a water sample through strong acid cation-exchange resin at the field site, where Cr(III) is retained while Cr(VI) passes into the effluent and is preserved for later determination. The method is simple, rapid, portable, and accurate, and makes use of readily available, inexpensive materials. Cr(VI) concentrations are determined later in the laboratory using any elemental analysis instrument sufficiently sensitive to measure the Cr(VI) concentrations of interest. The new method allows measurement of Cr(VI) concentrations as low as 0.05 ??g 1-1, storage of samples for at least several weeks prior to analysis, and use of readily available analytical instrumentation. Cr(VI) can be separated from Cr(III) between pH 2 and 11 at Cr(III)/Cr(VI) concentration ratios as high as 1000. The new method has demonstrated excellent comparability with two commonly used methods, the Hach Company direct colorimetric method and USEPA method 218.6. The new method is superior to the Hach direct colorimetric method owing to its relative sensitivity and simplicity. The new method is superior to USEPA method 218.6 in the presence of Fe(II) concentrations up to 1 mg 1-1 and Fe(III) concentrations up to 10 mg 1-1. Time stability of preserved samples is a significant advantage over the 24-h time constraint specified for USEPA method 218.6.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00282-0","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Ball, J., and McCleskey, R.B., 2003, A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium: Talanta, v. 61, no. 3, p. 305-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00282-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00282-0"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e49de4b0c8380cd46782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}