{"pageNumber":"313","pageRowStart":"7800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":49586,"text":"ofr92261 - 1992 - Mineral and energy resources of the BLM Roswell Resource Area, east-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:35:55","indexId":"ofr92261","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-261","title":"Mineral and energy resources of the BLM Roswell Resource Area, east-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"

The sedimentary formations of the Roswell Resource Area have significant mineral and energy resources. Some of the pre-Pennsylvanian sequences in the Northwestern Shelf of the Permian Basin are oil and gas reservoirs, and Pennsylvanian rocks in Tucumcari basin are reservoirs of oil and gas as well as source rocks for oil and gas in Triassic rocks. Pre-Permian rocks also contain minor deposits of uranium and vanadium, limestone, and associated gases. Hydrocarbon reservoirs in Permian rocks include associated gases such as carbon dioxide, helium, and nitrogen. Permian rocks are mineralized adjacent to the Lincoln County porphyry belt, and include deposits of copper, uranium, manganese, iron, polymetallic veins, and Mississippi-valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc. Industrial minerals in Permian rocks include fluorite, barite, potash, halite, polyhalite, gypsum, anhydrite, sulfur, limestone, dolomite, brine deposits (iodine and bromine), aggregate (sand), and dimension stone. Doubly terminated quartz crystals, called \"Pecos diamonds\" and collected as mineral specimens, occur in Permian rocks along the Pecos River. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are hosts for copper, uranium, and small quantities of gold-silver-tellurium veins, as well as significant deposits of oil and gas, COa, asphalt, coal, and dimension stone. Mesozoic rocks contain limited amounts of limestone, gypsum, petrified wood, dinosaur remains, and clays. Tertiary rocks host ore deposits commonly associated with intrusive rocks, including platinum group elements, iron skarns, manganese, uranium and vanadium, molybdenum, polymetallic vein deposits, gold-silver- tellurium veins, and thorium-rare earth veins. Museum-quality quartz crystals in Lincoln County were formed in association with intrusive rocks in the Lincoln County porphyry belt. Industrial minerals in Tertiary rocks include fluorite, vein- and bedded-barite, caliche, limestone, and aggregate. Tertiary and Quaternary sediments host important placer deposits of gold and titanium, and minor silver, uranium occurrences, as well as important industrial commodities, including caliche, limestone and dolomite, and aggregate (sand). Quaternary basalt contains sub-ore-grade uranium, scoria, and clay deposits.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92261","usgsCitation":"1992, Mineral and energy resources of the BLM Roswell Resource Area, east-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-261, Report: 228 p.; 14 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92261.","productDescription":"Report: 228 p.; 14 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":86197,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86200,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86201,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86196,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86189,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86192,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86193,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86194,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86195,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86198,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86202,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86199,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86190,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86191,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Roswell Resource Area","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63581c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, Susan B.","contributorId":97069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726071,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20671,"text":"ofr92448 - 1992 - Inventory of metal mines and occurrence associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States; II, occurrence descriptions and summary tables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr92448","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-448","title":"Inventory of metal mines and occurrence associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States; II, occurrence descriptions and summary tables","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92448","usgsCitation":"Robinson, and Sears, C., 1992, Inventory of metal mines and occurrence associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States; II, occurrence descriptions and summary tables: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-448, 190 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92448.","productDescription":"190 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0448/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0448/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c6e4b07f02db540002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":8479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sears, C.M.","contributorId":36944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20997,"text":"ofr92133 - 1992 - Geohydrologic and chemical data from wells in the Mud Lake area, eastern Idaho, 1988-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T20:14:08.138484","indexId":"ofr92133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-133","title":"Geohydrologic and chemical data from wells in the Mud Lake area, eastern Idaho, 1988-91","docAbstract":"Well information, results of test drilling, water-level measurements in observation wells, and chemical and \nisotopic constituents in ground-water samples were among the data collected as part of a study of the availability of \nground water from the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system in the Mud Lake area of eastern Idaho. Data from \nabout 1,200 wells were stored in the National Water Information System ground-water data base. Test holes were \ndrilled at eight sites. Water levels were measured in 594 wells in April or May 1989 and in 470 wells in August or \nSeptember 1989. Hydrographs of water levels were constructed for 99 observation wells. Water samples were \ncollected from nine irrigation wells and were analyzed for nutrients, common dissolved ions, stable isotopes of \nhydrogen and oxygen, trace elements, herbicides, insecticides, and polychlorinated compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Boise, ID","doi":"10.3133/ofr92133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Spinazola, J.M., Tungate, A.M., and Rogers, T.L., 1992, Geohydrologic and chemical data from wells in the Mud Lake area, eastern Idaho, 1988-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-133, iv, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92133.","productDescription":"iv, 92 p.","numberOfPages":"96","temporalStart":"1988-01-01","temporalEnd":"1991-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50575,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0133/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0133/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407353,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18238.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Mud Lake, Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.94,\n 43.534\n ],\n [\n -111.44,\n 43.534\n ],\n [\n -111.44,\n 44.503\n ],\n [\n -112.94,\n 44.503\n ],\n [\n -112.94,\n 43.534\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinazola, Joseph M.","contributorId":102044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinazola","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tungate, Annette M.","contributorId":53835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tungate","given":"Annette","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, T. L.","contributorId":73239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":42004,"text":"ofr9286 - 1992 - Altitude of the water table in the surficial aquifer system, shallow zone, in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T21:54:53.248848","indexId":"ofr9286","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-86","title":"Altitude of the water table in the surficial aquifer system, shallow zone, in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9286","usgsCitation":"Kane, R.L., 1992, Altitude of the water table in the surficial aquifer system, shallow zone, in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-86, 1 Plate: 18.03 × 27.10 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9286.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 18.03 × 27.10 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410411,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18210.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":79759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0086/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Palm Beach County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.43496271623788,\n 26.957535710727228\n ],\n [\n -80.43496271623788,\n 26.28980493099533\n ],\n [\n -79.97551737014285,\n 26.28980493099533\n ],\n [\n -79.97551737014285,\n 26.957535710727228\n ],\n [\n -80.43496271623788,\n 26.957535710727228\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6869e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Richard L. rkane@usgs.gov","contributorId":2034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Richard","email":"rkane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":225829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39787,"text":"pp1408B - 1992 - Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T15:48:56","indexId":"pp1408B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1408","chapter":"B","title":"Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"The Snake River Plain in southern Idaho is a major geologic \nstructure of uncertain origin. Surface geology is generally well \ndefined, but subsurface geology is poorly defined below about \n500 feet. Rocks that underlie the plain form the framework for a \nregional ground-water system that supplies large quantities of \nwater for irrigation and makes the plain nationally important in \nterms of agricultural production.\nThe 15,600-square-mile Snake River Plain is a grabenlike \nstructure that formed in middle Miocene time. The graben may \nhave been formed by oblique extensional forces resulting from \ninteractions between the North American and Pacific tectonic \nplates. The oldest known rocks underlying the plain, penetrated \nin a 14,007-foot-deep test hole northwest of Boise, are of middle \nMiocene age. Miocene volcanic rocks at the plain's margin that \ndip toward and underlie the plain were highly faulted and se- \nverely eroded before the plain was formed.\nFaults along the margins of the eastern part of the plain are \nnot visible at land surface and have been defined chiefly by geo- \nphysical methods. However, well-defined fault systems bound \nthe western part of the plain.\nThe eastern plain is underlain predominantly by Quaternary \nbasalt of the Snake River Group, which is intercalated with \nsedimentary rocks along the margins. Basalt crops out or is less \nthan 10 feet below land surface in the central part of the east- \nern plain and is usually less than 100 feet below land surface \nelsewhere. Geophysical data and drillers' logs indicate that \nQuaternary basalt in the central part of the eastern plain is as \nmuch as 5,000 feet thick. A test hole about 10 miles northeast \nof the Snake River near Wendell provided the first information \nabout deep subsurface stratigraphic relations in that part of the \nplain. The stratigraphic sequence penetrated in the test hole is \nsimilar to that in the north wall of the Snake River canyon be- \ntween Milner and King Hill. In that area, basalt of the Snake \nRiver Group thins toward the river and is underlain by sedi- \nmentary rocks and basalt of the Tertiary and Quaternary Idaho \nGroup.\nThe western plain is underlain mainly by unconsolidated and \nweakly consolidated Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary rocks \nas much as 5,000 feet thick. Basalt also is present in the west- \nern plain and is most extensive near Mountain Home.\nQuaternary basalt of the Snake River Group, which composes \nmuch of the Snake River Plain regional aquifer system, is highly \ntransmissive. In the eastern plain, a thick sequence of thin- \nlayered basalt flows yields large volumes of water to wells. Wells \nopen to less than 100 feet of the aquifer yield as much as 7,000 \ngallons per minute; yields of 2,000 to 3,000 gallons per minute \nwith only a few feet of drawdown are common. Transmissivity\ncommonly exceeds 100,000 feet squared per day and, in places, 1 \nmillion feet squared per day.\nLarge springs in the Snake River canyon between Milner and \nKing Hill issue at the contact between highly transmissive pil- \nlow lava and less transmissive underlying rocks. In 1980, \nground-water discharge between Milner and King Hill, largely \nspring flow, averaged about 6,000 cubic feet per second.\nIn the western plain, coarse-grained sedimentary deposits are \nthickest and transmissivity is highest along the northern mar- \ngins. The percentage of coarse-grained sedimentary deposits de- \ncreases to the southwest, where lacustrine sedimentary deposits \npredominate.\nIn most of the eastern plain, the upper part of the ground- \nwater system is unconfined. At depth and in much of the west- \nern plain, aquifers are confined.\nAcross most of the plain, Quaternary basalt aquifers overlie \naquifers in the Tertiary Idavada Volcanics and Banbury Basalt \nof the Idaho Group. The older volcanic rocks are typically much \nless transmissive than the Quaternary basalt. Faults and frac- \ntures are permeable zones for water storage and conduits for \nwater movement. In places near the margins of the plain, the \nIdavada Volcanics contains important geothermal aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1408B","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, R., 1992, Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1408, Report: vi, 32 p.; 6 Plates: 37.02 x 20.13 and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1408B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 32 p.; 6 Plates: 37.02 x 20.13 and smaller","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":97417,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-1.pdf","size":"5843","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97419,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-3.pdf","size":"2682","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97420,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-4.pdf","size":"1247","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97421,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-5.pdf","size":"1137","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97422,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-6.pdf","size":"2015","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97418,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-2.pdf","size":"1929","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67662,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -117.0,42.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8eab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29940,"text":"wri914025 - 1992 - Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Merrimack and coastal river basins, southeastern New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-24T14:56:42","indexId":"wri914025","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4025","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Merrimack and coastal river basins, southeastern New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Communities in the lower Merrimack River basin and coastal river basins of southeastern New Hampshire are experiencing increased demands for water because of a rapid increase in population. The population in 1987 was 225,495 and is expected to increase by 30 percent during the next decade. As of 1987, five towns used the stratified-drift aquifers for municipal supply and withdrew an estimated 6 million gallons per day. Four towns used the bedrock aquifer for municipal supply and withdrew an average of 1 .6 million gallons per day. Stratified-drift deposits cover 78 of the 327 square miles of the study area. These deposits are generally less than 10 square miles in areal extent, and their saturated thickness ranges front less than 20 feet to as much as 100 feet . Transinissivity exceeds 4,000 square feet per day in several locations. Stratified-drift aquifers in the eastern part are predominantly small ice-contact deposits surrounded by marine sediments or till of low hydraulic conductivity. Stratified-drift aquifers in the western part consist of ice-contact and proglacial deposits that are large in areal extent and are commonly in contact with surface-water bodies. Five stratified-drift aquifers, in the towns of Derry, Windham, Kingston, North Hampton, and Greenland, have the greatest potential to supply additional amounts of water. Potential yields and contributing areas of hypothetical supply wells were estimated for an aquifer in Windham near Cobbetts Pond and for an aquifer in Kingston along the Powwow River by use of a method analogous to superposition in conjunction with a numerical ground-waterflow model. The potential yield is estimated to be 0 .6 million gallons per day for the Windham-Cobbetts Pond aquifer and 4 .0 million gallons per day for the Kingston-Powwow River aquifer. Contributing recharge area for supply wells is estimated to be 1.6 square miles in the Windham-Cobbetts Pond aquifer and 4.9 square miles in the Kingston-Powwow River aquifer. Analyses of water samples from 30 wells indicate that the water quality in the basins studied is generally suitable for drinking and other domestic purposes. Concentrations of iron and manganese exceeded the U.S . Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) and the New Hampshire Water Supply Engineering Bureau's secondary maximum contaminant levels for drinking water in 20 samples. With one exception, concentrations of volatile organic compounds at all wells sampled met New Hampshire Water Supply and Engineering Bureau's drinking-water standards. At one well, trichloroethylene was detected at a concentration of 5.7 micrograms per liter. Ground-water contamination has been detected at several hazardous-waste sites in the study area. Currently, 5 sites are on the USEPA's National Priority List of superfund sites, 10 sites are Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 sites, and 1 site is a Department of Defense hazardous-waste site of stratigraphic layers is a product of a material's density and the velocity at which sound travels through that material . The reflected signals return to the hydrophones at the water surface and are then filtered, amplified, and displayed graphically on the chart recorder to allow interpretation of aquifer stratigraphy and bedrock depths. Lithologic data from nearby wells and test holes were used as control points to check the interpretation of the reflection profiles. Test drilling was done at 66 locations (pls . 1-3) to determine sediment grain size, stratigraphy, depth to water table, depth to bedrock, and ground water quality . A 6-inch-diameter, hollow-stem auger was used for test drilling . Split-spoon samples of subsurface materials collected at specific depths were used to evaluate the grain-size characteristics and identify the stratigraphic sequence of materials comprising the aquifers . Thirty-eight test holes cased with a 2-inch-diameter polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) pipe and slotted screens were used to make ground-water-level measurements and collect ground-water-quality samples. Surface-water-discharge measurements were made at 16 sites during low flow when the surface water is primarily ground-water discharge . These low-flow measurements indicate quantities of ground water potentially available from aquifers. Hydraulic conductivities of aquifer materials were estimated from grain-size-distribution data from 61 samples of stratified drift . Transmissivity was estimated from well logs by assigning hydraulic conductivity to specific well-log intervals, multiplying by the saturated thickness of the interval, and summing the results . Additional transmissivity values were obtained from an analysis of specific capacity and aquifer-test data. Long-term aquifer yields and contributing areas to hypothetical supply wells were estimated by application of a method that is analogous to super position and incorporates a ground-water-flow model developed by McDonald and Harbaugh (1988) . This method was applied to two aquifers judged to have the best potential for providing additional ground-water supplies. Samples of ground water from 26 test wells and 4 municipal wells were collected in March and August 1987 for analysis of common inorganic, organic, and volatile organic constituents. Methods for collecting and analyzing the samples are described by Fishman and Freidman (1989) . The water-quality results from the well samples were used to characterize background water quality in the stratified-drift aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Bow, NH","doi":"10.3133/wri914025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Water Resources Division","usgsCitation":"Stekl, P.J., and Flanagan, S., 1992, Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Merrimack and coastal river basins, southeastern New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4025, Report: vii, 75, A-18 p.; 7 Plates: 42.02 x 53.15 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914025.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 75, A-18 p.; 7 Plates: 42.02 x 53.15 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":637,"text":"Water Resources of New Hampshire and Vermont","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2420,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_91_4025.jpg"},{"id":266398,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":266399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":266400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":266401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":266402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-5.pdf"},{"id":266403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-6.pdf"},{"id":266404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-7.pdf"},{"id":266397,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Merrimack River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.5,42.5 ], [ -71.5,43.25 ], [ -70.5,43.25 ], [ -70.5,42.5 ], [ -71.5,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stekl, Peter J.","contributorId":63415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stekl","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33194,"text":"b1970AB - 1992 - Revisions of stratigraphic nomenclature within the Keweenawan Supergroup of Northern Michigan. Geochemistry, petrography, and volcanology of rhyolites of the Portage Lake volcanics, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-24T23:00:33.846131","indexId":"b1970AB","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1970","chapter":"A,B","title":"Revisions of stratigraphic nomenclature within the Keweenawan Supergroup of Northern Michigan. Geochemistry, petrography, and volcanology of rhyolites of the Portage Lake volcanics, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the geology and mineral resources of the midcontinent rift system (Bulletin 1970)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1970AB","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W.F., and Nicholson, S.W., 1992, Revisions of stratigraphic nomenclature within the Keweenawan Supergroup of Northern Michigan. Geochemistry, petrography, and volcanology of rhyolites of the Portage Lake volcanics, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1970, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1970AB.","productDescription":"84 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402221,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22190.htm","text":"Revisions of stratigraphic nomenclature within the Keweenawan Supergroup of northern Michigan","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1970a-b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60993,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1970a-b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":481241,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22191.htm","text":"Geochemistry, petrography, and volcanology of rhyolites of the Portage Lake volcanics, Keewenaw Peninsula, Michigan","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Keweenaw Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 46.22545288226939\n ],\n [\n -86.30859375,\n 46.22545288226939\n ],\n [\n -86.30859375,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 46.22545288226939\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af0e4b07f02db691708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":210151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33136,"text":"b1979 - 1992 - Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T18:35:15.195347","indexId":"b1979","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1979","title":"Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"

The Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle spans the Southern Blue Ridge physiographic province at its widest point from eastern Tennessee across western North Carolina to the northwest corner of South Carolina. The quadrangle also contains small parts of the Valley and Ridge province in Tennessee and the Piedmont province in North and South Carolina. Bedrock in the Valley and Ridge consists of unmetamorphosed, folded and thrust-faulted Paleozoic miogeoclinal sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Cambrian to Mississippian. The Blue Ridge is a complex of stacked thrust sheets divided into three parts: (1) a west flank underlain by rocks of the Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian Chilhowee Group and slightly metamorphosed Late Proterozoic Ocoee Supergroup west of the Greenbrier fault; (2) a central part containing crystalline basement of Middle Proterozoic age (Grenville), Ocoee Supergroup rocks east of the Greenbrier fault, and rocks of the Murphy belt; and (3) an east flank containing the Helen, Tallulah Falls, and Richard Russell thrust sheets and the amphibolitic basement complex. All of the east flank thrust sheets contain polydeformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks of mostly Proterozoic age. The Blue Ridge is separated by the Brevard fault zone from a large area of rocks of the Inner Piedmont to the east, which contains the Six Mile thrust sheet and the ChaugaWalhalla thrust complex. All of these rocks are also polydeformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks. The Inner Piedmont rocks in this area occupy both the Piedmont and part of the Blue Ridge physiographic provinces.

The intensity of deformation and metamorphism increases from west to east in the Blue Ridge. The west flank is mostly chlorite grade or relatively unmetamorphosed, and the central part of the Blue Ridge is mostly staurolite, garnet, or biotite grade, although sillimanite grade rocks occur along the eastern part of the central Blue Ridge in the vicinity of the leading edge of the Hayesville fault. The east flank of the Blue Ridge and much of the Inner Piedmont are at kyanite or sillimanite grade of regional metamorphism except for a zone of retrograde rocks in the Brevard fault zone and a small area of biotite-grade rocks in the extreme southwest part of the Grandfather Mountain window in the northeast corner of the quadrangle.

The major mineral resources in the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle are construction materials and a variety of industrial minerals mostly related to either granite and pegmatite or ultramafic rocks. Past production in the quadrangle of metals, which are of secondary importance relative to construction materials and industrial minerals, include copper in massive sulfides of the Besshi type, gold-bearing quartz veins, and residual iron and manganese deposits. Resources are discussed in relation to the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont provinces.

The following resources are the most important:

A. Construction materials:

  1. Dimension stone of the Tennessee marble district in the Valley and Ridge.
  2. Limestone and dolomite of the Valley and Ridge.
  3. Sand and gravel and crushed stone, widespread throughout the quadrangle.

B. Industrial minerals:

  1. Feldspar, flake mica, and quartz produced by flotation methods from the Spruce Pine Alaskite (muscovite granodiorite) in the east flank of the Blue Ridge. The district produces about half of the U.S. feldspar and significant amounts of the U.S. flake mica.
  2. Olivine produced from alpine-type dunite bodies in the east flank of the Blue Ridge.
  3. Talc and marble from the Murphy belt in the central part of the Blue Ridge.
  4. Vermiculite produced from a large deposit near Tigerville, S.C., in the Inner Piedmont. Deposit worked out and mine backfilled. Smaller deposits associated with ultramafic rocks in the east flank of the Blue Ridge are now uneconomic and have not been worked in the past 20 years.

C. Metals:

  1. Copper in three deposits, the Fontana and Hazel Creek mines in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the Central Blue Ridge, and the Cullowhee mine in the east flank of the Blue Ridge.

D. Organic fuels:

  1.  The rocks of the quadrangle contain no coal and probably lie outside the maximum range in thermal maturity permitting the survival of oil. The rocks in the Valley and Ridge and for a short distance eastward below the west flank of the Blue Ridge probably lie within a zone of thermal maturity permitting the survival of natural gas. Consequently the western part of the quadrangle is an area of high risk for hydrocarbon exploration. No exploration drilling has been done in this belt. 
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/b1979","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.R., Lesure, F.G., Marlowe, J., Foley, N.K., and Clark, S.H., 1992, Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1979, Report: v, 73 p.; 2 Plates: 20.00 x 13.00 inches and 31.00 x 36.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1979.","productDescription":"Report: v, 73 p.; 2 Plates: 20.00 x 13.00 inches and 31.00 x 36.50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":109810,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22199.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22199"},{"id":60949,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1979/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":60948,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1979/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":161362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1979/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60950,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1979/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 36 ],\n [\n -82,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6346f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":210010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesure, Frank G.","contributorId":20068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marlowe, J. I.","contributorId":99195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlowe","given":"J. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, S. H.","contributorId":47425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31689,"text":"ofr92594 - 1992 - Preliminary geologic map of the Mount Hayes quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T21:37:16.121417","indexId":"ofr92594","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-594","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Mount Hayes quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92594","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W., Aleinikoff, J.N., Lange, I.M., Silva, S.R., Miyaoka, R., Schwab, C.E., Zehner, R.E., Bond, G.C., Richter, D., Smith, T.E., and Stout, J.H., 1992, Preliminary geologic map of the Mount Hayes quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-594, Report: 39 p.; 1 Plate: 43.65 × 33.75 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92594.","productDescription":"Report: 39 p.; 1 Plate: 43.65 × 33.75 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59921,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0594/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59920,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0594/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0594/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":397757,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19154.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hayes quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 63\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67afb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lange, I. M.","contributorId":71597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miyaoka, R. T.","contributorId":11659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyaoka","given":"R. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwab, C. E.","contributorId":44895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zehner, R. E.","contributorId":67933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zehner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bond, G. C.","contributorId":24391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, T. E.","contributorId":23530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stout, J. H.","contributorId":23989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stout","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":38444,"text":"pp1405B - 1992 - Hydrogeology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States with a section on ground-water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T21:55:00.155221","indexId":"pp1405B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1405","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States with a section on ground-water quality","docAbstract":"

The Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system contains the most extensive and continuous aquifers in the northern Midwest of the United States. It is the source of water for many municipalities, industries, and rural water users. Since the beginning of ground-water development from the aquifer system in the late 1800's, hydraulic heads have declined hundreds of feet in the heavily pumped Chicago-Milwaukee area and somewhat less in other metropolitan areas. The U.S. Geological Survey has completed a regional assessment of this aquifer system within a 161,000-square-mile area encompassing northern Illinois, northwestern Indiana, Iowa, southeastern Minnesota, northern Missouri, and Wisconsin.

\n

Consolidated sedimentary rocks in the northern Midwest range in age from Precambrian to Cretaceous and crop out in generally concentric, arcuate patterns, dipping away from structural highs (arches) on the Precambrian basement in northern Minnesota and Wisconsin toward structural lows (basins) to the south and east. The sedimentary bedrock is generally overlain by a veneer of glacial drift. Thickness of the sedimentary sequence increases to about 5,000 feet in the Forest City basin of southwestern Iowa and to about 14,000 and more than 15,000 feet in the Illinois and Michigan basins, respectively.

\n

Cambrian and Ordovician age rocks, mainly marine sandstone and carbonate rocks, compose much of the sedimentary sequence and form the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system. The aquifer system lies on the Precambrian basement, regarded as a regional confining unit. Six hydrogeologic units are defined; they are arranged as alternating pairs of an aquifer and an overlying confining. unit. The units are named using the predominant geologic nomenclature of the upper Mississippi Valley, which includes most of the study area. In the southern quarter of the area, the hydrogeologic units consist of equivalent formations of the Ozark area (mostly carbonate rocks). The uppermost part of the aquifer system is the Maquoketa confining unit, which consists of the Maquoketa Shale and the underlying dolomite and shale of the Galena Dolomite and the Decorah, Platteville, and Glenwood Formations.

\n

The underlying St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer is an important source of ground water in the western part of the area in Iowa and Minnesota, where the uniform Jordan Sandstone is hydraulically connected to overlying fractured dolomite of the Prairie du Chien Group. The unit is less important in the eastern part of Wisconsin and Illinois because the Jordan Sandstone is absent and the Prairie du Chien Group is thin or absent due to pre-St. Peter Sandstone erosion. Equivalent rocks in northern Missouri-the Roubidoux Formation and the Gasconade and Eminence Dolomites-are mainly carbonate rocks that are somewhat permeable and contain some sandstone.

\n

The St. Lawrence and Franconia Formations underlying the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer consist generally of silty and shaly, fine-grained, poorly sorted, and dolomitic sandstones that restrict vertical movement of ground water and form a regional confining unit. In the southern and eastern parts of the area, the Potosi and Derby-Doerun Dolomites and the upper part of the Davis Formation are the equivalent rocks (mainly carbonate rocks).

\n

In the east-central part of the area in Illinois and Wisconsin, the Ironton-Galesville aquifer forms the most important aquifer of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system, contributing about one-third of the yield from wells in the aquifer system in the Chicago area. The aquifer terminates to the west, south, and east, where the sandstones grade into less permeable carbonate rocks in central Iowa, central Illinois, and northwestern Indiana, respectively.

\n

The underlying Eau Claire Formation and its partial equivalent to the southwest, the Bonneterre Formation, form an important confining unit above the Mount Simon aquifer throughout much of the study area. Siltstone and shale are fairly common in the upper part of the Eau Claire Formation but less so in its northernmost extent in Wisconsin. Dolomite content increases southward and westward, where a middle dolomite facies grades laterally into the Bonneterre in Missouri, southwestern Minnesota, extreme south-central Wisconsin, and possibly in western Iowa.

\n

The basal unit in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system, the Mount Simon aquifer, is present throughout the study area, except where it is absent over local highs of the Precambrian basement. It consists primarily of the Mount Simon Sandstone in the north and its equivalent in northern Missouri, the Lamotte Sandstone. The underlying Hinckley Sandstone of Precambrian age is included in Minnesota, as is the overlying Elmhurst Sandstone Member of the Eau Claire Formation in northern Illinois. The aquifer increases greatly in thickness and the water is progressively more saline away from the northern structural highs toward the basins.

\n

Much of the movement and discharge of ground water in the northern Midwest occurs in local, unconfined, shallow flow systems within a few miles of points of recharge. The rest of the water is semiconfined or confined in intermediate or regional flow systems within the bedrock, where flow is deeper, slower, and traverses much longer distances from recharge areas to discharge areas. The major areas of recharge to regional confined flow are in northwestern Iowa, southeastern Minnesota, western, southern, and eastern Wisconsin, and northern Illinois. Although the rate of flow is small, significant recharge to the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system also occurs as leakage through the Maquoketa confining unit, where the vertical hydraulic gradient is downward.

\n

Ground water in much of the confined aquifer system moves laterally from recharge areas toward the major river valleys and Lake Michigan or down dip toward the structural basins. The longest flow paths extend as much as 400 miles from northwestern Iowa southeast toward the Illinois basin or to the Mississippi River and Missouri River valleys near their confluence. Other major confined flow is from eastern Wisconsin toward the Michigan basin and southward flow from northeastern Illinois toward the Illinois basin.

\n

Regional ground-water discharge from the aquifer system is mainly diffuse upward leakage from confined aquifers along flow paths toward the structural basins. Very saline water around and brines within the basins restrict regional flow into the basins, forcing ground water to discharge upward. Water in intermediate flow systems discharges upward to the major river valleys.

\n

Original heads of more than 100 feet above land surface were recorded in the aquifer system near Lake Michigan in eastern Wisconsin and at Dubuque, Iowa, along the Mississippi River. The Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system was developed rapidly in the late 1800's after the first deep well was drilled in Chicago in 1864. Many flowing wells were not controlled, which caused water levels in deep wells to decline, and many no longer flowed by the early 1900's.

\n

Heads in the aquifers have declined very little in most of the recharge or unconfined areas since ground-water withdrawal began, but major declines have occurred in confined areas. The largest declines in head are at Chicago, Illinois, Milwaukee and Green Bay, Wisconsin, and Mason City, Iowa, where the aquifer system is confined by the Maquoketa confining unit. The composite head in the aquifer system declined more than 900 feet in the deepest cones of depression in the Chicago area from 1864 to 1980 and about 375 feet in the cone at Milwaukee from 1880 to 1980. More than 200 feet of decline has occurred at Mason City. The head declined as much as 440 feet in Green Bay from 1886 to 1957, when the city discontinued use of its deep wells and began using water from Lake Michigan.

\n

The largest centers of pumping are in the Chicago and Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota) metropolitan areas about 180 million gallons per day each in 1980. Pumpage exceeded 10 million gallons per day in only a few other areas in 1980.

\n

Ground water in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest is characterized by an extreme range of mineralization, but its quality in most of the area is good. The major cations are calcium, magnesium, and sodium, and the major anions are bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride. Sodium, sulfate, and chloride distributions are closely related to the distribution pattern of dissolved solids but not in the same proportion. Dissolved-solids concentration is generally less than 1,000 milligrams per liter in the recharge areas of Wisconsin, southern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, and north-central Illinois where the aquifer system crops out or subcrops beneath glacial drift. Ground water there is the Ca-Mg-HC03 type, derived from and identical to that in the overlying glacial drift.

\n

In northwestern Iowa and southwestern Minnesota, the water in both the glacial drift and the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system is a Ca-Na-S04HC03 type, derived from oxidation of pyrite in the overlying Cretaceous Dakota Formation.

\n

Transition to higher dissolved solids in the confined areas commonly is accompanied by increased sulfate concentration and· the occurrence of Ca-Na-S04-type water. Salinity of the ground water increases progressively toward the .basins, where dissolved solids exceed 200,000 milligrams per liter. Saline water is present in the Mount Simon aquifer near Lake Michigan in eastern Wisconsin and northeastern Illinois but occurs in successively younger rocks to the east and south as they dip toward the basins. Similarly, salinity increases down dip in Iowa to the southwest and south; however, regional ground-water flow in Iowa is from northwest to southeast.

\n

Much of the ground water in the confined aquifer system is isotopically depleted in 0180 and OD with respect to modern precipitation-an indication that the water originated as precipitation in a much colder climate than the present and probably was derived from recharge of glacial meltwater. On the basis of o34S values for sulfur in sulfate, it is believed that isostatic loading from glacial ice over the Michigan basin reversed the hydraulic gradient to trend westward, opposite from the present gradient, causing saline water in the Michigan basin to discharge westward through the present recharge areas.

\n

Natural water-quality problems in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system are mainly the high dissolved-solids concentrations and associated high concentrations of sulfate and chloride, which limit the use of the water for municipal and domestic purposes in much of the confined aquifer system in central and southern Illinois, Indiana, southern and western Iowa, and northern Missouri. Another concern is that radium activity exceeds normal background concentrations of a few picocuries per liter in much of the confined aquifer system in eastern Wisconsin, northeastern Illinois, and central Iowa. Other common problems are high hardness and locally excessive concentrations of iron and hydrogen sulfide.

\n

 

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional aquifer-system analysis - northern Midwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1405B","usgsCitation":"Young, H.L., and Siegel, D.I., 1992, Hydrogeology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States with a section on ground-water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1405, Report: 99 p.; 1 Plate: 22.25 x 28.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1405B.","productDescription":"Report: 99 p.; 1 Plate: 22.25 x 28.94 inches","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438931,"rank":401,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UJOR3U","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital data from previous USGS hydrogeologic studies of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States"},{"id":247668,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1405b/plate-1.pdf","size":"2911","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64919,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1405b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1405b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":388570,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4852.htm"}],"scale":"2500000","country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -92.59277343749999,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -95.8447265625,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -94.8779296875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -86.4404296875,\n 42.45588764197166\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615264","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, H. L.","contributorId":23922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siegel, D. I.","contributorId":77562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18229,"text":"ofr92500 - 1992 - Hydrologic data for a study of pre-Illinoian glacial till in Linn County, Iowa, water year 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-11T16:17:29","indexId":"ofr92500","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-500","title":"Hydrologic data for a study of pre-Illinoian glacial till in Linn County, Iowa, water year 1991","docAbstract":"

Hydrologic data for a study of pre-lllinoian glacial till were collected during the 1991 water year at a site in Linn County, east-central Iowa. A hydrologic-data-collection network, consisting of a meteorological station, 22 observation wells, and a water-quality minimonitor, was installed at the site to investigate the hydraulic properties of the till. Recorders were installed on 12 of the observation wells to continuously monitor water levels.

\n

Rainfall at the study site from October 1990 to September 1991 was 17.86 inches. The greatest monthly rainfall (4.07 inches) occurred in March. The smallest monthly rainfall (0.06 and 0.04 inch) occurred in June and July, respectively.

\n

The highest water levels measured in 22 observation wells were recorded from March through May 1991. Water levels in three of the deeper wells, completed in the unweathered glacial till, continued to rise from the time the wells were initially installed in November 1989 until they were bailed for water-quality sampling in May 1991. One well had water levels greater than the top of the well casing for most of the period from March to mid-July.

\n

Ten unvented, vibrating-wire pressure transducers with internal thermistors were buried in two boreholes at upgradient and downgradient locations to record hydraulic pressure and water temperature at selected depths.

\n

A water-quality minimonitor was installed near the top of the water table to monitor temporal changes in ground-water quality. For October 1990 through September 1991, the daily mean water temperatures ranged from 7.3 to 14.9 degrees Celsius, and the daily median pH values ranged from 6.9 to 7.5 standard units.

\n

Herbicide concentrations in rainfall ranged from 0.05 to 1.3 micrograms per liter. Herbicides detected in the largest concentrations included alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor. Metribuzin was the only herbicide detected in ground-water samples at a concentration of 0.10 micrograms per liter in water from one observation well.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr92500","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bureau","usgsCitation":"Bowman, P., 1992, Hydrologic data for a study of pre-Illinoian glacial till in Linn County, Iowa, water year 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-500, iv, 66 p.: ill.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92500.","productDescription":"iv, 66 p.: ill.; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47591,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0500/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0500/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Linn County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.6754150390625,\n 41.860068712839\n ],\n [\n -91.6754150390625,\n 41.87480165983683\n ],\n [\n -91.66189670562744,\n 41.87480165983683\n ],\n [\n -91.66189670562744,\n 41.860068712839\n ],\n [\n -91.6754150390625,\n 41.860068712839\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ebbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowman, P.R.","contributorId":6076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1902,"text":"wsp2314B - 1992 - Overview of drought and hydrologic conditions in the United States and southern Canada, water years 1986-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2314B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2314","chapter":"B","title":"Overview of drought and hydrologic conditions in the United States and southern Canada, water years 1986-90","docAbstract":"This report describes the drought and hydrologic conditions in the United States and southern Canada during the 1986-90 water years. This drought, which spread from the Eastern United States, where it was referred to as 'the drought of the century,' through the Midwest to the West Coast, brought to mind the Dust Bowl era of the 1930's. However, generally localized floods were numerous, but only one hurricane (Hugo) was of any consequence to the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands during a coincident period of anomalously low hurricane activity. The drought began in early 1984 as an 'agricultural drought,' which is a precipitation deficiency that results in a lack of soil moisture that is detrimental to agricultural production. This condition did not affect streamflow until about March or April 1986. A 'hydrological drought,' which is far more serious and widespread than an agricultural drought, was apparent from the low streamflow conditions that occurred after April 1986. To illustrate the changing nature of the drought, maps and synopses of monthly hydrologic conditions for the water years 1986-90 are presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by the Branch of Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2314B","usgsCitation":"Holmes, S.L., 1992, Overview of drought and hydrologic conditions in the United States and southern Canada, water years 1986-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2314, vii, 139 p. :ill. (some col.), map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2314B.","productDescription":"vii, 139 p. :ill. (some col.), map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2314b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27198,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2314b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a2c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Sandra L.","contributorId":106873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44768,"text":"wri924006 - 1992 - Aquifer-test results, direction of ground-water flow, and 1984-90 annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation, lower Big Lost River Valley, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T09:10:51","indexId":"wri924006","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4006","title":"Aquifer-test results, direction of ground-water flow, and 1984-90 annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation, lower Big Lost River Valley, Idaho","docAbstract":"

The study area (see index map of Idaho), part of the Big Lost River drainage basin, is at the northern side of the eastern Snake River Plain. The lower Big Lost River Valley extends from the confluence of Antelope Creek and the Big Lost River to about 4 mi south of Arco and encompasses about 145 mi2 (see map showing water-level contours). The study area is about 18 mi long and, at its narrowest, 4 mi wide. Arco, Butte City, and Moore, with populations of 1,016, 59, and 190, respectively, in 1990, are the only incorporated towns. The entire study area, except the extreme northwestern part, is in Butte City. The study area boundary is where alluvium and colluvium pinch out and abut against the White Knob Mountains (chiefly undifferentiated sedimentary rock with lesser amounts of volcanic rock) on the west and the Lost River Range (chiefly sedimentary rock) on the east. Gravel and sand in the valley fill compose the main aquifer. The southern boundary is approximately where Big Lost River valley fill intercalates with or abuts against basalt of the Snake River Group.

\n
\n

Spring ground-water levels and flow in the Big Lost River depend primarily on temperature and the amount and timing of precipitation within the entire drainage basin. Periods of abundant water supply and water shortages are, therefore, related to the amount of annual precipitation. Surface reservoir capacity in the valley (Mackay Reservoir, about 20 mi northwest of Moore) is only 20 percent of the average annual flow of the Big Lost River (Crosthwaite and others, 1970, p. 3). Stored surface water is generally unavailable for carryover from years of abundant water supply to help relieve drought conditions in subsequent years. Many farmers have drilled irrigation wells to supplement surface-water supplies and to increase irrigated acreage.

\n
\n

Average annual flow of the Big Lost River below Mackay Reservoir near Mackay (gaging station 13127000, not shown) in water years 1905, 1913-14, and 1920-90 was about 224,600 acre-ft; average annual flow of the Big Lost River near Arco (gaging station 13132500; see map showing water-level contours) in water years 1947-61, 1967-80, and 1983-90 was about 79,000 acre-ft (Harenberg and others, 1991, p. 254-255). Moore Canal and East Side Ditch divert water from the Big Lost River at the Moore Diversion, 3 mi north of Moore (see map showing water-level contours) and supply water for irrigation near the margins of the valley. When water supply is average or greater, water in the Big Lost River flows through the study area and onto the Snake River Plain, where it evaporates or infiltrates into the Snake River Plain aquifer. When water supply is below average, water in the Big Lost River commonly does not reach Arco; rather, it is diverted for irrigation in the interior of the valley, evaporates, or infiltrates to the valley-fill aquifer.

\n
\n

This report describes the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources, to collect hydrologic data needed to help address water-supply problems in the Big Lost River Valley. Work involved (1) field inventory of 81 wells, including 46 irrigation wells; (2) measurement of water levels in 154 wells in March 1991; (3) estimation of annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation from 1984 through 1990; and (4) analysis of results of an aquifer test conducted southwest of Moore. All data obtained during this study may be inspected at the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho District office, Boise.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Bassick, M.D., and Jones, M., 1992, Aquifer-test results, direction of ground-water flow, and 1984-90 annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation, lower Big Lost River Valley, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4006, Plate: 49.07 x 32.06 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924006.","productDescription":"Plate: 49.07 x 32.06 inches","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":171514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri924006.PNG"},{"id":82075,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4006/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Butte County","city":"Arco;Butte City;Moore","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Creek;Big Lost River;Big Lost River Valley;Lost River Range;Mackay Reservoir;Snake River Plain;White Knob Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.501816,43.559247 ], [ -113.501816,43.799845 ], [ -113.199348,43.799845 ], [ -113.199348,43.559247 ], [ -113.501816,43.559247 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bassick, M. D.","contributorId":28249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassick","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, M.L.","contributorId":88731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17151,"text":"ofr92313 - 1992 - Geologic map of the eastern Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:20:13.853379","indexId":"ofr92313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-313","title":"Geologic map of the eastern Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92313","usgsCitation":"Foster, H.L., 1992, Geologic map of the eastern Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-313, Report: 26 p.; 1 Plate: 42.33 × 28.22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92313.","productDescription":"Report: 26 p.; 1 Plate: 42.33 × 28.22 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46285,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0313/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46286,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":397616,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19146.htm"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Yukon-Tenana region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.267,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65.7940\n ],\n [\n -149.267,\n 65.7940\n ],\n [\n -149.267,\n 63\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688aca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Helen Laura","contributorId":6077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":65115,"text":"i1942 - 1992 - Geologic map and fold- and thrust-belt interpretation of the southeastern part of the Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T20:50:40.114424","indexId":"i1942","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1942","title":"Geologic map and fold- and thrust-belt interpretation of the southeastern part of the Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1942","usgsCitation":"Dover, J.H., 1992, Geologic map and fold- and thrust-belt interpretation of the southeastern part of the Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1942, Report: 14 p.; 2 Plates: 48.50 × 39.00 inches and 32.00 × 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1942.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 2 Plates: 48.50 × 39.00 inches and 32.00 × 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107195,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10016.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10016"},{"id":91472,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91471,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":189744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":100819,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Charley River quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.5,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65.75\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 65.75\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 65\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a498d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, J. H.","contributorId":75545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58557,"text":"mf1853F - 1992 - Metallogenic map of volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrences in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T11:24:53","indexId":"mf1853F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1853","chapter":"F","title":"Metallogenic map of volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrences in Wyoming","docAbstract":"

Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrences of Late Archean age and Early Proterozoic age occur in metavolcanic and associated metasedimentary rocks in southeastern, eastern, and central Wyoming. Vein deposits in Archean volcanic terrane have accounted for a large part of the gold production in the State (Miners Delight, locality 8). Past production from all massive sulfide occurrences in the State is poorly known, but it probably did not exceed $13 million at current metal prices. The bulk of the production was from gold mines in the southern Wind River Range (localities 8 and 17). For the most part, the host rocks of the massive sulfide occurrences have been metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. As a result, the depositional environments are, in many cases, difficult to determine. For purposes of discussion, the occurrences are classified by geologic age.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1853F","usgsCitation":"Houston, R.S., Hausel, W., Woodfill, R., and Graff, P.J., 1992, Metallogenic map of volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrences in Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1853, 42.05 x 27.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1853F.","productDescription":"42.05 x 27.38 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1853F.JPG"},{"id":327001,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1853-F/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.1,41 ], [ -111.1,45 ], [ -104,45 ], [ -104,41 ], [ -111.1,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6286ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houston, R. S.","contributorId":93897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hausel, W.D.","contributorId":32985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hausel","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodfill, R.D.","contributorId":92750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodfill","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graff, P. J.","contributorId":55428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graff","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":38443,"text":"pp1405A - 1992 - Summary of ground-water hydrology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T19:52:44.287101","indexId":"pp1405A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1405","chapter":"A","title":"Summary of ground-water hydrology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States","docAbstract":"

The Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system contains very productive aquifers throughout an area of about 161,000 square miles in the northern Midwest. The aquifer system is used extensively for industrial and rural water supplies and is the primary source of water for many municipalities in most of its area of occurrence, except in Indiana, central and southern Illinois, and western Iowa, where the aquifer system contains saline water. About 680 million gallons per day was withdrawn from drilled wells in the aquifer system in 1980.

\n

Rocks of Cambrian and Ordovician age, mainly marine sandstones and carbonate rocks, constitute most of the bedrock and subcrop beneath glacial drift in southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, Wisconsin, northern Illinois, and extreme northwestern Indiana. These strata dip generally to the south and east off the Transcontinental arch in Minnesota and the Wisconsin arch, which are structurally high areas of the Precambrian basement, into the structural lows of the Forest City basin of southwestern Iowa, the Illinois basin, and the Michigan basin.

\n

The Cambrian and Ordovician rocks are buried by younger rocks in the remainder of Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana and in most of northern Missouri. Silurian and Devonian carbonate rocks immediately overlie the Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in those areas and are termed the \"Silurian-Devonian aquifer\" in this study. The balance of the Devonian rocks and the overlying Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks generally are fine-grained sediment or dense carbonate rocks and collectively are considered to be a regional confining unit. Most of the area is covered by a veneer of glacial drift, which, along with Cretaceous sandstone in northwestern Iowa, is treated as a regional water-table aquifer.

\n

The Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system is composed of six hydrogeologic units, which are, in descending order, the Maquoketa confining unit, St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, St. Lawrence- Franconia confining unit, Ironton-Galesville aquifer, Eau Claire confining unit, and Mount Simon aquifer. The uppermost confining unit is the least permeable; it consists primarily of the Maquoketa Shale but includes the dense carbonate rocks of the Galena Dolomite and the Decorah, Platteville, and Glenwood Formations where they are overlain by the Maquoketa Shale. The presence of the Maquoketa in Iowa, eastern Wisconsin, northeastern Illinois, and Indiana effectively confines the entire aquifer system below.

\n

The aquifer system is a leaky-artesian system in which movement of ground water is controlled partly by the internal confining units. In the northern outcrop area, unconfined conditions prevail in shallow parts of the aquifer system and where the system is thin. Much of the recharge in upland areas discharges to streams through local flow systems, which are no more than a few miles in length. The remainder of the recharge moves slowly downward to deeper formations and downgradient to form or join the regional flow system.

\n

Computer simulations of regional ground-water flow improve understanding of the regional character of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system. Ground-water flow in the confined part of the aquifer system is mainly horizontal, away from the structural highs in the north, toward the structural basins in the south and east. The rate of ground-water movement is very slow, and the flux along flow paths into the basins decreases because of a progressive loss of head and small but widespread upward leakage. Saline water in the basins restricts movement of freshwater into the deeper parts of the basins, thereby forcing flow upward through confining units. Principal regional discharge areas are the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, the Illinois and Michigan structural basins, and Lake Michigan. However, the lake is not in direct hydraulic connection with the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system and receives flow primarily from the Silurian-Devonian aquifer, which it directly overlies. The longest regional flow paths originate in recharge areas in northwestern Iowa and extend southeastward as much as 400 miles toward the Illinois basin.

\n

Simulated predevelopment recharge and discharge for the Cambrian- Ordovician aquifer system balance at 351 million gallons per day.

\n

Development of the aquifer system began in various parts of the northern Midwest in the 1860's and 1870's with the drilling of deep, generally flowing artesian wells near Lake Michigan in eastern Wisconsin and northeastern Illinois and along the valleys of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Initial heads of 186 and 130 feet above Lake Michigan at Milwaukee and Chicago, respectively, have been reported. Large-scale pumping has produced cones of depression in these two areas, with respective head declines of as much as 375 and 900 feet. Other major pumping centers generally have had much smaller declines. The largest withdrawals from the aquifer system were about 180 million gallons per day in each of the major metropolitan areas of Chicago and Minneapolis-St. Paul (Twin Cities). However, the total decline in head in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer in the Twin Cities by 1980 was only 90 feet because the aquifer is unconfined. Most of the eastern two-thirds of Iowa, where the aquifer system is tightly confined, is characterized by more than 50 feet of head decline, with 200 feet or more at Mason City and the Quad Cities. Pumpage from the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system throughout the study area averaged 683 million gallons per day for the period 1976-80. Results of a transient-model simulation show that recharge increased over predevelopment recharge by 447 million gallons per day. Natural discharge decreased by 99 million gallons per day, and 137 million gallons per day was released from aquifer storage. Mineralization of ground water in the aquifer system increases from slightly mineralized calcium magnesium bicarbonate water in the northern recharge areas, through more mineralized, mixed water types with increased sodium and sulfate, to highly mineralized sodium chloride brines in the deeper parts of the structural basins.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional aquifer-system analysis - northern Midwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1405A","usgsCitation":"Young, H.L., 1992, Summary of ground-water hydrology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1405, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1405A.","productDescription":"55 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388615,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4851.htm"},{"id":119767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1405a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64918,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1405a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -92.59277343749999,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -95.8447265625,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -94.8779296875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -86.4404296875,\n 42.45588764197166\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, H. L.","contributorId":23922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20633,"text":"ofr91490 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20633,"text":"ofr91490 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia","indexId":"ofr91490","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2590,"text":"wsp2401 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia","indexId":"wsp2401","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2590,"text":"wsp2401 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia","indexId":"wsp2401","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:23:53.762058","indexId":"ofr91490","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-490","title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr91490","usgsCitation":"Richardson, D.L., 1992, Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-490, Report: viii, 118 p.; 1 Plate: 36.07 x 29.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91490.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 118 p.; 1 Plate: 36.07 x 29.33 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0490/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382990,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0490/Plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0490/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Shore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 37.98750437106374\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 37.98750437106374\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 36.923547681089296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, Donna L.","contributorId":54572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38451,"text":"pp1408F - 1992 - Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13718,"text":"ofr87237 - 1989 - Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","indexId":"ofr87237","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38451,"text":"pp1408F - 1992 - Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","indexId":"pp1408F","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T15:50:45","indexId":"pp1408F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1408","chapter":"F","title":"Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"The occurrence and movement of water in the regional aquifer \nsystem that underlies the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, de- \npend on the transmissivity and storage capacity of rocks that \ncompose the geologic framework and on the distribution and \namount of recharge and discharge of water within that frame- \nwork. On a regional scale, most water moves horizontally through \ninterflow zones in Quaternary basalt of the Snake River Group. \nIn recharge and discharge areas, water also moves vertically \nalong joints and interfingering edges of basalt flows. Aquifer \nthickness is largely unknown, but geophysical studies suggest \nthat locally the Quaternary basalt may exceed several thousand \nfeet. Along the margins of the plain, sand and gravel several \nhundred feet thick transmit large volumes of water.\nRegional ground-water movement is generally from northeast \nto southwest, from areas of recharge to areas of discharge. Re- \ncharge is from seepage of surface water used for irrigation, \nstream and canal losses, underflow from tributary drainage ba- \nsins, and infiltration of precipitation. Aquifer discharge is largely \nspring flow to the Snake River and water pumped for irrigation. \nMajor springs are near American Falls Reservoir and along the \nSnake River from Milner Dam to King Hill.\nRegional ground-water flow was simulated with numerical \nmodels. Initially, a two-dimensional steady-state model that in- \ncluded a nonlinear, least-squares regression technique was used \nto estimate aquifer properties. Later, a three-dimensional steady- \nstate and transient model was used to replace the two-dimen- \nsional model. Three-dimensional model results indicated that \naverage total transmissivity ranged from about 0.05 to 120 feet \nsquared per second and vertical leakance ranged from about \n3 x 10-10 to 5 x 10-6 feet per second per foot of aquifer thickness.\nThe three-dimensional transient model was used to compare \nmeasured and estimated long-term changes in ground-water dis- \ncharge and water levels with simulated values. Initial head con- \nditions used in transient simulations were derived from a \nsteady-state solution of estimated preirrigation hydrologic condi- \ntions. Transient simulations were 5-year stress periods beginning \nin 1891 and ending in 1980. Recharge for each stress period from \n1926 to 1980 was estimated from surface-water irrigation, pre- \ncipitation, and streamflow records. Recharge for stress periods \nfrom 1891 to 1925 was based on the average value for stress peri- \nods from 1926 to 1980 and was indexed to estimated irrigated \nacreages. Average annual tributary drainage-basin underflow for \nstress periods from 1891 to 1910 was calculated by using basin- \nyield equations. Underflow for stress periods from 1911 to 1980 \nwas varied by use of streamflow records.\nTransient simulations reasonably approximated measured \nchanges in aquifer head and ground-water discharge that re- \nsulted from use of surface water for irrigation. Irrigation with \nsurface water peaked in about 1950; subsequent increases in irri- \ngation have been supplied largely by ground water. The three-\ndimensional model simulated water-level declines and reduced \nground-water discharge caused in part by increases in ground- \nwater pumping.\nThe transient model was used to simulate aquifer changes \nfrom 1981 to 2010 in response to three hypothetical development \nalternatives: (1) Continuation of 1980 hydrologic conditions, (2) \nincreased pumpage, and (3) increased recharge. Simulation of \ncontinued 1980 hydrologic conditions for 30 years indicated that \nhead declines of 2 to 8 feet might be expected in the central part \nof the plain. The magnitude of simulated head declines was con- \nsistent with head declines measured during the 1980 water year. \nLarger declines were calculated along model boundaries, but \nthese changes may have resulted from underestimation of tribu- \ntary drainage-basin underflow and inadequate aquifer definition. \nSimulation of increased ground-water pumpage (an additional \n2,400 cubic feet per second) for 30 years indicated head declines \nof 10 to 50 feet in the central part of the plain. These relatively \nlarge head declines were accompanied by increased simulated \nriver leakage of 50 percent and decreased spring discharge of 20 \npercent. The effect of increased recharge (800 cubic feet per sec- \nond) for 30 years was a rise in simulated heads of 0 to 5 feet in \nthe central part of the plain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1408F","usgsCitation":"Garabedian, S., 1992, Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1408, Report: vii, 102 p.; 10 Plates: 34.00 x 17.50 and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1408F.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 102 p.; 10 Plates: 34.00 x 17.50 and smaller","numberOfPages":"112","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":104633,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4858.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4858"},{"id":119227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64931,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64932,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64933,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64934,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64935,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64936,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64937,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64938,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64939,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64940,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,42.0 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -117.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e90a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20295,"text":"ofr92344 - 1992 - Ages of rocks in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon as indicated by paleontological and isotopic dates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-16T16:26:01.125669","indexId":"ofr92344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-344","title":"Ages of rocks in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon as indicated by paleontological and isotopic dates","docAbstract":"

This report presents a compilation of 1,019 paleontologic dates and 301 isotopic dates of rocks in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon. The study area extends from Portland, Oregon (latitude 45°30' N.) to Bellevue, Washington (latitude 47°35' N.) and from the east flank of the Cascade Range (longitude 121°20' W.) to the coastline (longitude approximately 124°00' W.). The data are presented in two tables and come from previous summaries of isotopic ages, open-file reports, published papers and maps, and theses. Parke D. Snavely, Jr. of the U.S. Geological Survey and Weldon W. Rau of the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources (WDGER) generously allowed us access to files and records of more than 40 years of micropaleontological research in western Washington and Oregon. We also present unpublished data from our research since 1971 in northwestern Oregon. This compilation was undertaken for the southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon project of the U.S. Geological Survey Evolution of Sedimentary Basins Program.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92344","usgsCitation":"Niem, W.A., and Niem, A.R., 1992, Ages of rocks in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon as indicated by paleontological and isotopic dates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-344, Report: 115 p.; 2 Plates: 40.20 x 42.32 inches and 40.35 x 42.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92344.","productDescription":"Report: 115 p.; 2 Plates: 40.20 x 42.32 inches and 40.35 x 42.77 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411912,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18291.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":49829,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0344/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49828,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0344/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49830,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0344/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0344/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.337,\n 47.643\n ],\n [\n -124.383,\n 47.643\n ],\n [\n -124.383,\n 45.474\n ],\n [\n -121.337,\n 45.474\n ],\n [\n -121.337,\n 47.643\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niem, Wendy Adams","contributorId":62624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Adams","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niem, Alan R.","contributorId":100414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":42060,"text":"ofr92102 - 1992 - Potentiometric surface of the surficial aquifer system, deep zone in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T19:15:14.774028","indexId":"ofr92102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-102","title":"Potentiometric surface of the surficial aquifer system, deep zone in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92102","usgsCitation":"Kane, R.L., 1992, Potentiometric surface of the surficial aquifer system, deep zone in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-102, 1 Plate: 17.53 × 25.78 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92102.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 17.53 × 25.78 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389981,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18234.htm"},{"id":79810,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0102/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Palm Beach County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.485,\n 26.3330\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 26.3330\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 26.971\n ],\n [\n -80.485,\n 26.971\n ],\n [\n -80.485,\n 26.3330\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db6828ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Richard L. rkane@usgs.gov","contributorId":2034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Richard","email":"rkane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":225889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59560,"text":"mf1996D - 1992 - Map, tables, and summary of fossil and isotopic age data, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:30:40","indexId":"mf1996D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1996","chapter":"D","title":"Map, tables, and summary of fossil and isotopic age data, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska range, Alaska","docAbstract":"

This report describes, summarizes, and interprets all known bedrock fossil and isotopic age studies for the Mount Hayes quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska. The accompanying map shows the location of all known bedrock fossil and isotopic sample localities in the quadrangle on a generalized geologic base map. These fossil and isotopic age data are obtained from new studies, unpublished data of the U.S. Geological Survey, contributed unpublished data, and published data. This report is one result of a five-year mineral resource assessment of the quadrangle that was done during the summers of 1978 through 1982, with additional topical studiesin 1985 and 1986. This report is one part of a folio on the geological, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral-resource assessment studies of the quadrangle prepared as part of the Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP) of the U.S. Geological Survey.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1996D","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., Dutro, J.T., Lanphere, M.A., Silberling, N.J., Silva, S., Smith, T.E., and Turner, D.L., 1992, Map, tables, and summary of fossil and isotopic age data, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1996, Report: 43 p.; Plate: 47.71 x 35.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1996D.","productDescription":"Report: 43 p.; Plate: 47.71 x 35.50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1996D.jpg"},{"id":310211,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-D/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":105166,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5589.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5589"},{"id":310212,"rank":702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-D/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hayes Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147,63 ], [ -147,64 ], [ -144,64 ], [ -144,63 ], [ -147,63 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69e280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":262231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":262232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutro, J. Thomas Jr.","contributorId":102878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":262229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silberling, Norman J.","contributorId":102438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberling","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silva, Steven R.","contributorId":59102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Thomas E.","contributorId":57871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Turner, Donald L.","contributorId":11604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":26029,"text":"wri914033 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and ground-water chemistry of the San Andres-Glorieta aquifer in the Acoma embayment and eastern Zuni uplift, west-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T21:52:14.080068","indexId":"wri914033","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4033","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water chemistry of the San Andres-Glorieta aquifer in the Acoma embayment and eastern Zuni uplift, west-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914033","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, J.A., and Anderholm, S., 1992, Hydrogeology and ground-water chemistry of the San Andres-Glorieta aquifer in the Acoma embayment and eastern Zuni uplift, west-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4033, Report: ix, 304 p.; 2 Plates: 23.30 x 23.88 inches and 22.54 x 23.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914033.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 304 p.; 2 Plates: 23.30 x 23.88 inches and 22.54 x 23.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54809,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54808,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414061,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47469.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Andres-Glorieta aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.1578,\n 35.3908\n ],\n [\n -108.1578,\n 34.9581\n ],\n [\n -107.75,\n 34.9581\n ],\n [\n -107.75,\n 35.3908\n ],\n [\n -108.1578,\n 35.3908\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db62624a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, J. A.","contributorId":50941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35932,"text":"b1921 - 1992 - Text and References To Accompany \"Map Showing the Thickness and Character of Quaternary Sediments in the Glaciated United States East of the Rocky Mountains\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"b1921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1921","title":"Text and References To Accompany \"Map Showing the Thickness and Character of Quaternary Sediments in the Glaciated United States East of the Rocky Mountains\"","docAbstract":"A 1:1,000,000-scale map of Quaternary deposits has been compiled for the glaciated area of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains (that is, the area covered by the Laurentide ice sheets). Parts of southern Ontario, areas beneath the Great Lakes, and parts of the submerged eastern seaboard are also included on the map. The map has three components that, together, provide the first regional three-dimensional view of these deposits. These map components are the surface distribution of Quaternary sediments, the total thickness of Quaternary sediments, and the distribution of significant buried Quaternary units. For many areas, this is the first map of Quaternary sediment thickness published at any scale. This report provides supporting information for the map, preliminary interpretations of sediment distribution, and the list of geologic sources used to generate the map.\r\n\r\nWithin the mapped area, there is a particular need for three-dimensional geologic mapping to support decisions on water resources and land use. Approximately 40 percent of the U.S. population resides within the mapped area, which is less than one-quarter the size of the conterminous United States. This map is intended to supplement the more detailed mapping on which it is based and is designed to be a regional planning tool.\r\n\r\nThrough the Pleistocene, large deposits of thick glacial sediment accumulated between certain late Wisconsinan glacial lobes, on bedrock topographic highs, whereas relatively thin deposits generally accumulated in the adjacent bedrock lowlands occupied by drainage and ice lobes. The lithology of the bedrock and its resistance to erosion in part controlled the patterns of ice lobation and the distribution of thick sediment. On a local scale, the spatial relation of these sediment masses to ice lobation has been suggested in places, and a regional correlation may have been assumed. This map provides the first comprehensive, regional view of glacial sediment thickness to permit such a correlation to be assessed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/b1921","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1992, Text and References To Accompany \"Map Showing the Thickness and Character of Quaternary Sediments in the Glaciated United States East of the Rocky Mountains\": U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1921, v, 76 p. + figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1921.","productDescription":"v, 76 p. + figures","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10887,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1921/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":252050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1921/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,36 ], [ -114,50 ], [ -66,50 ], [ -66,36 ], [ -114,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":215464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33241,"text":"b2041 - 1992 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T19:48:48.871928","indexId":"b2041","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2041","title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991","docAbstract":"

This collection of twenty-one papers continues the annual series of U.S. Geological Survey reports on the geology of Alaska. These contributions, which include full-length Articles and shorter Geologic Notes, are grouped under two broad headings: Mineral Resource Studies (ten papers) and Geologic Framework Studies (eleven papers). Reports on mineral resources discuss exploration geochemistry in the Howard Pass quadrangle, lditarod quadrangle, and Admiralty Island, a mineral resource appraisal of the Bethel quadrangle, a fluid-inclusion study in the Nome Gold District, geochemistry of lode-gold deposits in the Seldovia quadrangle, a new occurrence of placer gold in the Seldovia quadrangle, gold in coal in the Healy quadrangle, experimental abrasion of detrital gold, and a new occurrence of rareearth minerals in southeastern Alaska. Under the heading of Geologic Framework Studies are reports on sedimentology and (or) stratigraphy in the Seldovia, Lime Hills, and Medfra quadrangles, the Kandik region, and the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska. Other papers report on the isotope geochemistry of veins and thermal maturity of the Kandik region, metamorphism and deformation of the Yukon-Tanana and Taylor Mountain terranes in eastcentral Alaska, magnetic susceptibilities of plutonic rocks in southeastern Alaska, terrane nomenclature in northern Alaska, and uplift of Mt. McKinley. These studies span nearly the entire State from the North Slope and Brooks Range to interior, western, southwestern, southcentral, and southeastern Alaska (fig. 1 ).

Two bibliographies on Alaskan geology at the end of the volume list ( 1) reports about Alaska in USGS publications released in 1991, and (2) reports about Alaska by USGS authors in publications outside the USGS in 1991.

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Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481308,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22301.htm","text":"Fluid-inclusion study of the Rock Creek area, Nome mining district, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481309,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22302.htm","text":"Geochemically anomalous areas in the west-central part of the Howard Pass quadrangle, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska: evidence for sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag-Ba mineralization","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481310,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22303.htm","text":"Geochemistry of lode-gold deposits, Nuka Bay district, southern Kenai Peninsula","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481311,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22304.htm","text":"High-pressure amphibolite-facies metamorphism and deformation within the Yukon-Tanana and Taylor Mountain terranes, eastern Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481312,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22305.htm","text":"Isotopic variations in calcite veins from the Kandik region of east-central Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481313,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22306.htm","text":"Placer gold in the Kenai lowland","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481314,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22307.htm","text":"Summary of results of the mineral resource assessment of the Bethel and southeastern part of the Russian Mission 1 degree by 3 degree quadrangle, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481315,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22308.htm","text":"Upper Devonian shallow-marine siliciclastic strata and associated fauna and flora, Lime Hills D-4 quadrangle, southwest Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":402790,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22298.htm","text":"A followup geochemical survey of base-metal anomalies in the Ward Creek/Windfall Harbor and Gambier Bay areas, Admiralty Island, southeast Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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