Fluctuations in spring climate in the western United States over the last 4-5 decades are described by examining changes in the blooming of plants and the timing of snowmelt-runoff pulses. The two measures of spring's onset that are employed are the timing of first bloom of lilac and honeysuckle bushes from a long-term cooperative phonological network, and the timing of the first major pulse of snowmelt recorded from high-elevation streams. Both measures contain year-to-year fluctuations, with typical year-to-year fluctuations at a given site of one to three weeks. These fluctuations are spatially coherent, forming regional patterns that cover most of the west. Fluctuations in lilac first bloom dates are highly correlated to those of honeysuckle, and both are significantly correlated with those of the spring snowmelt pulse. Each of these measures, then, probably respond to a common mechanism. Various analyses indicate that anomalous temperature exerts the greatest influence upon both interannual and secular changes in the onset of spring in these networks. Earlier spring onsets since the late 1970s are a remarkable feature of the records, and reflect the unusual spell of warmer-than-normal springs in western North America during this period. The warm episodes are clearly related to larger-scale atmospheric conditions across North America and the North Pacific, but whether this is predominantly an expression of natural variability or also a symptom of global warming is not certain.
","language":"English","publisher":"AMS","doi":"10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:CITOOS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Kammerdiener, S.A., Dettinger, M.D., Caprio, J.M., and Peterson, D.H., 2001, Changes in the Onset of Spring in the Western United States: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 82, no. 3, p. 399-415, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:CITOOS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"415","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:citoos>2.3.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42ee4b0c8380cd4bbb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kammerdiener, Susan A.","contributorId":17801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerdiener","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caprio, Joseph M.","contributorId":9808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caprio","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023491,"text":"70023491 - 2001 - Toward a national fuels mapping strategy: Lessons from selected mapping programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:43:40","indexId":"70023491","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a national fuels mapping strategy: Lessons from selected mapping programs","docAbstract":"The establishment of a robust national fuels mapping program must be based on pertinent lessons from relevant national mapping programs. Many large-area mapping programs are under way in numerous Federal agencies. Each of these programs follows unique strategies to achieve mapping goals and objectives. Implementation approaches range from highly centralized programs that use tightly integrated standards and dedicated staff, to dispersed programs that permit considerable flexibility. One model facilitates national consistency, while the other allows accommodation of locally relevant conditions and issues. An examination of the programmatic strategies of four national vegetation and land cover mapping initiatives can identify the unique approaches, accomplishments, and lessons of each that should be considered in the design of a national fuel mapping program. The first three programs are the U.S. Geological Survey Gap Analysis Program, the U.S. Geological Survey National Land Cover Characterization Program, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Survey National Wetlands Inventory. A fourth program, the interagency Multiresolution Land Characterization Program, offers insights in the use of partnerships to accomplish mapping goals. Collectively, the programs provide lessons, guiding principles, and other basic concepts that can be used to design a successful national fuels mapping initiative.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WF01030","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T.R., 2001, Toward a national fuels mapping strategy: Lessons from selected mapping programs: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 10, no. 4, p. 289-299, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF01030.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b0e4b08c986b326828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023523,"text":"70023523 - 2001 - A partition-limited model for the plant uptake of organic contaminants from soil and water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T05:41:03","indexId":"70023523","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A partition-limited model for the plant uptake of organic contaminants from soil and water","docAbstract":"In dealing with the passive transport of organic contaminants from soils to plants (including crops), a partition-limited model is proposed in which (i) the maximum (equilibrium) concentration of a contaminant in any location in the plant is determined by partition equilibrium with its concentration in the soil interstitial water, which in turn is determined essentially by the concentration in the soil organic matter (SOM) and (ii) the extent of approach to partition equilibrium, as measured by the ratio of the contaminant concentrations in plant water and soil interstitial water, αpt (≤ 1), depends on the transport rate of the contaminant in soil water into the plant and the volume of soil water solution that is required for the plant contaminant level to reach equilibrium with the external soil-water phase. Through reasonable estimates of plant organic-water compositions and of contaminant partition coefficients with various plant components, the model accounts for calculated values of αpt in several published crop-contamination studies, including near-equilibrium values (i.e., αpt ≅ 1) for relatively water-soluble contaminants and lower values for much less soluble contaminants; the differences are attributed to the much higher partition coefficients of the less soluble compounds between plant lipids and plant water, which necessitates much larger volumes of the plant water transport for achieving the equilibrium capacities. The model analysis indicates that for plants with high water contents the plant-water phase acts as the major reservoir for highly water-soluble contaminants. By contrast, the lipid in a plant, even at small amounts, is usually the major reservoir for highly water-insoluble contaminants.
BEHAVE, a fire behavior prediction system, can be a useful tool for managing areas with prescribed fire. However, the proper choice of fuel models can be critical in developing management scenarios. BEHAVE predictions were evaluated using four standardized fuel models that partially described oak savanna fuel conditions: Fuel Model 1 (Short Grass), 2 (Timber and Grass), 3 (Tall Grass), and 9 (Hardwood Litter). Although all four models yielded regressions with R2 in excess of 0.8, Fuel Model 2 produced the most reliable fire behavior predictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of American Foresters","doi":"10.1093/njaf/18.3.74","usgsCitation":"Grabner, K., Dwyer, J., and Cutter, B., 2001, Fuel model selection for BEHAVE in midwestern oak savannas: Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 18, no. 3, p. 74-80, https://doi.org/10.1093/njaf/18.3.74.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478885,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/njaf/18.3.74","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ha Ha Tonka State Park, Knob Noster State Park, Meramec State Park, Peck Ranch Conservation Area, Taum Sauk State Park, P-Highway, University State 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B.E.","contributorId":30935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutter","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023474,"text":"70023474 - 2001 - Radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:09:06","indexId":"70023474","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Geochemical reaction models were evaluated to improve radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer in central and northeastern Florida, USA. The predominant geochemical reactions affecting the 14C activity of DIC include (1) dissolution of dolomite and anhydrite with calcite precipitation (dedolomitization), (2) sulfate reduction accompanying microbial degradation of organic carbon, (3) recrystallization of calcite (isotopic exchange), and (4) mixing of fresh water with as much as 7% saline water in some coastal areas. The calculated cumulative net mineral transfers are negligibly small in upgradient parts of the aquifer and increase significantly in downgradient parts of the aquifer, reflecting, at least in part, upward leakage from the Lower Floridan aquifer and circulation that contacted middle confining units in the Floridan aquifer system. The adjusted radiocarbon ages are independent of flow path and represent travel times of water from the recharge area to the sample point in the aquifer. Downgradient from Polk City (adjusted age 1.7 ka) and Keystone Heights (adjusted age 0.4 ka), 14 of the 22 waters have adjusted 14C ages of 20–30 ka, indicating that most of the fresh-water resource in the Upper Floridan aquifer today was recharged during the last glacial period. All of the paleowaters are enriched in 18O and 2H relative to modern infiltration, with maximum enrichment in δ18O of approximately 2.0‰.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100400000121","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Sprinkle, C., 2001, Radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, Florida, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 9, no. 2, p. 127-150, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400000121.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400000121"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93dfe4b0c8380cd81098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sprinkle, C.L.","contributorId":10811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprinkle","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023488,"text":"70023488 - 2001 - Variation in aluminum, iron, and particle concentrations in oxic ground-water samples collected by use of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with low-flow sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-22T07:05:18","indexId":"70023488","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Variation in aluminum, iron, and particle concentrations in oxic ground-water samples collected by use of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with low-flow sampling","docAbstract":"Particulates that move with ground water and those that are artificially mobilized during well purging could be incorporated into water samples during collection and could cause trace-element concentrations to vary in unfiltered samples, and possibly in filtered samples (typically 0.45-um (micron) pore size) as well, depending on the particle-size fractions present. Therefore, measured concentrations may not be representative of those in the aquifer. Ground water may contain particles of various sizes and shapes that are broadly classified as colloids, which do not settle from water, and particulates, which do. In order to investigate variations in trace-element concentrations in ground-water samples as a function of particle concentrations and particle-size fractions, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, collected samples from five wells completed in the unconfined, oxic Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Samples were collected by purging with a portable pump at low flow (0.2-0.5 liters per minute and minimal drawdown, ideally less than 0.5 foot). Unfiltered samples were collected in the following sequence: (1) within the first few minutes of pumping, (2) after initial turbidity declined and about one to two casing volumes of water had been purged, and (3) after turbidity values had stabilized at less than 1 to 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units. Filtered samples were split concurrently through (1) a 0.45-um pore size capsule filter, (2) a 0.45-um pore size capsule filter and a 0.0029-um pore size tangential-flow filter in sequence, and (3), in selected cases, a 0.45-um and a 0.05-um pore size capsule filter in sequence. Filtered samples were collected concurrently with the unfiltered sample that was collected when turbidity values stabilized. Quality-assurance samples consisted of sequential duplicates (about 25 percent) and equipment blanks. Concentrations of particles were determined by light scattering.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground","conferenceDate":"November 1-2, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Newton, MA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.456922","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., Oden, J., Gibs, J., Rice, D., and Ding, Y., 2001, Variation in aluminum, iron, and particle concentrations in oxic ground-water samples collected by use of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with low-flow sampling, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4575, Newton, MA, November 1-2, 2001, p. 42-61, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.456922.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.28955078125,\n 40.53258931069554\n ],\n [\n -74.41314697265625,\n 40.53050177574321\n ],\n [\n -74.8004150390625,\n 40.18516846826054\n ],\n [\n -75.07507324218749,\n 39.97922477476731\n ],\n [\n -75.14923095703125,\n 39.8992015115692\n ],\n [\n -75.223388671875,\n 39.857046423130654\n ],\n [\n -75.399169921875,\n 39.838068180000015\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 39.65011210186371\n ],\n [\n -75.5474853515625,\n 39.480725519034394\n ],\n [\n -75.15472412109375,\n 39.20033381963202\n ],\n [\n -74.97344970703124,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -74.893798828125,\n 39.16839998800286\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 38.9380483825641\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 39.41497702499074\n ],\n [\n -74.05334472656249,\n 39.787433886224406\n ],\n [\n -73.948974609375,\n 40.44276659332215\n ],\n [\n -74.014892578125,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -74.278564453125,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -74.28955078125,\n 40.53258931069554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4575","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc153e4b08c986b32a510","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jensen J LBurggraf L W","contributorId":128453,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jensen J LBurggraf L W","id":536502,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oden, J.H. 0000-0002-6473-1553","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-1553","contributorId":76401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibs, J.","contributorId":91632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, D.E.","contributorId":44188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ding, Y.","contributorId":96871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023524,"text":"70023524 - 2001 - Methyl t-Butyl Ether Mineralization in Surface-Water Sediment Microcosms under Denitrifying Conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:24:31","indexId":"70023524","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methyl t-Butyl Ether Mineralization in Surface-Water Sediment Microcosms under Denitrifying Conditions","docAbstract":"Mineralization of [U-14C] methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) to 14CO2 without accumulation of t-butyl alcohol (TBA) was observed in surface-water sediment microcosms under denitrifying conditions. Methanogenic activity and limited transformation of MTBE to TBA were observed in the absence of denitrification. Results indicate that bed sediment microorganisms can effectively degrade MTBE to nontoxic products under denitrifying conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","doi":"10.1128/AEM.67.4.1975-1978.2001","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., and Landmeyer, J., 2001, Methyl t-Butyl Ether Mineralization in Surface-Water Sediment Microcosms under Denitrifying Conditions: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 67, no. 4, p. 1975-1978, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.4.1975-1978.2001.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1975","endPage":"1978","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478930,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/92824","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.4.1975-1978.2001"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5613e4b0c8380cd6d33d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022800,"text":"70022800 - 2001 - Aquifer/aquitard interfaces: Mixing zones that enhance biogeochemical reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70022800","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquifer/aquitard interfaces: Mixing zones that enhance biogeochemical reactions","docAbstract":"Several important biogeochemical reactions are known to occur near the interface between aquifer and aquitard sediments. These reactions include O2 reduction; denitrification; and Fe3+, SO42-, and CO2 (methanogenesis) reduction. In some settings, these reactions occur on the aquitard side of the interface as electron acceptors move from the aquifer into the electron-donor-enriched aquitard. In other settings, these reactions occur on the aquifer side of the interface as electron donors move from the aquitard into the electron-acceptor-enriched, or microorganism-enriched, aquifer. Thus, the aquifer/aquitard interface represents a mixing zone capable of supporting greater microbial activity than either hydrogeologic unit alone. The extent to which biogeochemical reactions proceed in the mixing zone and the width of the mixing zone depend on several factors, including the abundance and solubility of electron acceptors and donors on either side of the interface and the rate at which electron acceptors and donors react and move across the interface. Biogeochemical reactions near the aquifer/aquitard interface can have a substantial influence on the chemistry of water in aquifers and on the chemistry of sediments near the interface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s100400000109","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., 2001, Aquifer/aquitard interfaces: Mixing zones that enhance biogeochemical reactions: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 9, no. 1, p. 34-43, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400000109.","startPage":"34","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208097,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400000109"},{"id":233534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed29e4b0c8380cd49670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023526,"text":"70023526 - 2001 - Contribution of base flow to nonpoint source pollution loads in an agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:14:35.127235","indexId":"70023526","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of base flow to nonpoint source pollution loads in an agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"Nonpoint source pollution of surface water from overland flow, drainage tiles, and ground water discharge is a major cause of water quality impairment in Iowa. Nonpoint source pollution from base flow ground water was estimated in the Walnut Creek watershed by measuring chemical loads of atrazine, nitrate, chloride, and sulfate at 18 tributary creeks and 19 tiles. Loads were measured during a stable base flow period at creeks and tiles that discharged into Walnut Creek between two stream gauges. Chemical concentrations of atrazine (< 0.1−12 μg/L), nitrate (0.1 to 15 mg/L, and chloride (1.5 to 26 mg/L) in water were similar for creek and tile samples. Water draining predominantly agricultural row crop areas had much higher concentrations than water draining restored prairie areas. Three methods were used to estimate base flow discharge in the watershed: (1) Darcy flux; (2) watershed discharge budget; and (3) discharge-drainage area; each yielded similar results (31.2 L/s to 62.3 L/s). Base flow loads to the main channel were estimated by subtracting the loads from the upstream gauge; creeks and tiles, from the total load measured at the downstream gauge station. Base flow concentration for atrazine ranged from 0.15 to 0.29 μg/L and sulfate concentration ranged from 32 to 64 mg/L, whereas concentrations for nitrate and chloride were negative (−1 to −4 mg/L). Calculated base flow concentrations of atrazine and sulfate appeared to be reasonable estimates, but negative concentrations of nitrate and chloride imply either loss of chemical mass in the stream from upstream to downstream sampling points or measurement error. Load data suggest little contribution from base flow pollutants to Walnut Creek water quality, with most of the pollutant load derived from major tributary creeks. Results from this study have implication for determining total maximum daily loads in agricultural watersheds where contributions from point sources (creeks and tiles) can be used to estimate loads from nonpoint source ground water inputs.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Westerville, OH, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb00350.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Wolter, C., 2001, Contribution of base flow to nonpoint source pollution loads in an agricultural watershed: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 1, p. 49-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb00350.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Walnut Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.00245666503906,\n 41.534796133205184\n ],\n [\n -93.58428955078125,\n 41.534796133205184\n ],\n [\n -93.58428955078125,\n 41.70521588311188\n ],\n [\n -94.00245666503906,\n 41.70521588311188\n ],\n [\n -94.00245666503906,\n 41.534796133205184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa81e4b0c8380cd4db2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolter, C.F.","contributorId":23301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolter","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023473,"text":"70023473 - 2001 - Andrei borisovich vistelius: A dominant figure in 20th century mathematical geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T19:14:36.999599","indexId":"70023473","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Andrei borisovich vistelius: A dominant figure in 20th century mathematical geology","docAbstract":"Andrei Borisovich Vistelius (1915-1995), along with William Christian Krumbein (1902-1979) and John Cedric Griffiths (1912-1992), were dominant figures in the formative and development years of mathematical (or quantitative) geology as a subdiscipline of geology.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1013932927705","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Merriam, D.F., 2001, Andrei borisovich vistelius: A dominant figure in 20th century mathematical geology: Natural Resources Research, v. 10, no. 4, p. 297-304, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013932927705.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"304","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf9e4b0c8380cd48fec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023527,"text":"70023527 - 2001 - Anomalous preservation of pure methane hydrate at 1 atm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023527","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2425,"text":"Journal of Physical Chemistry B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalous preservation of pure methane hydrate at 1 atm","docAbstract":"Direct measurement of decomposition rates of pure, polycrystalline methane hydrate reveals a thermal regime where methane hydrate metastably `preserves' in bulk by as much as 75 K above its nominal equilibrium temperature (193 K at 1 atm). Rapid release of the sample pore pressure at isothermal conditions between 242 and 271 K preserves up to 93% of the hydrate for at least 24 h, reflecting the greatly suppressed rates of dissociation that characterize this regime. Subsequent warming through the H2O ice point then induces rapid and complete dissociation, allowing controlled recovery of the total expected gas yield. This behavior is in marked contrast to that exhibited by methane hydrate at both colder (193-240 K) and warmer (272-290 K) test conditions, where dissociation rates increase monotonically with increasing temperature. Anomalous preservation has potential application for successful retrieval of natural gas hydrate or hydrate-bearing sediments from remote settings, as well as for temporary low-pressure transport and storage of natural gas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Physical Chemistry B","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/jp003061s","issn":"10895647","usgsCitation":"Stern, L., Circone, S., Kirby, S.H., and Durham, W., 2001, Anomalous preservation of pure methane hydrate at 1 atm: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, v. 105, no. 9, p. 1756-1762, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp003061s.","startPage":"1756","endPage":"1762","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207384,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp003061s"},{"id":232294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4ae4b0c8380cd49193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Circone, S.","contributorId":35901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circone","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023346,"text":"70023346 - 2001 - Radiocarbon studies of plant leaves and rings from mammoth mountain, CA: A long-term record of magmatic CO2 release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70023346","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon studies of plant leaves and rings from mammoth mountain, CA: A long-term record of magmatic CO2 release","docAbstract":"Evaluation of 14C in tree rings provides a measure of the flux of magmatic CO2 from Mammoth Mountain both before and after 1994 when copious diffuse emissions were first discovered and linked to tree kill. We analyzed the annual rings of trees with two main purposes: (1) to track changes in the magnitude of magmatic CO2 emission over time, and (2) to determine the onset of magmatic CO2 emission at numerous sites on Mammoth Mountain. The onset of CO2 emission at different areas of tree kill was determined to be in 1990, closely following the seismic events of 1989. At Horseshoe Lake (HSL), CO2 emission was found to have peaked in 1991 and to have subsequently declined by a factor of two through 1998. The tree-ring data also show that emissions of magmatic carbon from cold springs below the tree-kill areas occurred well before 1989. Trees located on the margins of the kill areas or otherwise away from zones of maximum gas discharge were found to be better integrators of magmatic CO2 emission than those located in the center of tree kills. Although quantitative extrapolations from our data to a flux history will require that a relationship be established between 14C depletion in tree rings and average annual magmatic CO2 flux, the pattern of 14C depletion in tree rings is likely to be the most reliable indicator of the long-term changes in the magnitude of CO2 release from Mammoth Mountain. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00386-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Cook, A., Hainsworth, L., Sorey, M., Evans, W.C., and Southon, J.R., 2001, Radiocarbon studies of plant leaves and rings from mammoth mountain, CA: A long-term record of magmatic CO2 release: Chemical Geology, v. 177, no. 1-2, p. 117-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00386-7.","startPage":"117","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207534,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00386-7"},{"id":232562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"177","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93e6e4b0c8380cd810c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, A.C.","contributorId":43133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hainsworth, L.J.","contributorId":98486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainsworth","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Southon, J. R.","contributorId":24895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023544,"text":"70023544 - 2001 - Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming log and habitat use in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023544","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming log and habitat use in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"We described 15 Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming logs and adjacent habitat within Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Drumming logs and adjacent habitat differed from 30 random non-drumming sites. Drumming logs had fewer limbs (8; P = 0.003) and a smaller percentage of bark remaining (12%; P = 0.0001). These logs were in advanced stages of decay but were still firm to the touch. Additionally, drumming logs were found close to clearings but in areas with increased amounts of undergrowth and mature trees. Adjacent habitat analysis (0.04-ha circular plot centered on logs) indicated drumming locations had significantly greater average canopy height, more vegetative cover consisting of conifer and total canopy cover, and more vertical foliage between 0.3 m and 3.0 m in height. Adjacent habitat was in advanced stages of maturity as indicated by significant numbers of both large-diameter logs and large-diameter lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) snags. Tree species dominating the canopy and subcanopy were large-diameter Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), lodgepole pine, and quaking aspen. Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and quaking aspen saplings were more numerous at used sites. Ruffed Grouse drummed in coniferous areas within close proximity of quaking aspen.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Buhler, M., and Anderson, S., 2001, Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming log and habitat use in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming: Western North American Naturalist, v. 61, no. 2, p. 236-240.","startPage":"236","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaebae4b0c8380cd871b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buhler, M.L.","contributorId":38740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhler","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.H.","contributorId":33667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023471,"text":"70023471 - 2001 - Enantiomeric composition of chiral polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers in aquatic and riparian biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70023471","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enantiomeric composition of chiral polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers in aquatic and riparian biota","docAbstract":"The enantiomeric composition of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) atropisomers was measured in river and riparian biota (fish, bivalves, crayfish, water snakes, barn swallows) from selected sites throughout the United States by using chiral gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Nonracemic enantiomeric fractions (EFs) were observed for PCBs 91, 95, 136, and 149 for aquatic and riparian biota from Lake Hartwell, SC, a reservoir heavily contaminated with PCBs, and for these congeners and PCBs 132, 174, 176, and 183 in river fish and bivalves nationwide. Fish and bivalves showed marked differences in EFs as compared to sediment found at the same sampling sites, thus suggesting that PCBs are bioprocessed in biota in a different manner from those found in sediment (e.g., reductive dechlorination). Species-dependent patterns in PCB EFs were observed, which suggest differences in the ability of different species to bioprocess PCBs enantioselectively, most likely by metabolism. The presence of nonracemic PCBs in fish and bivalves suggests greater metabolic degradation of PCBs in these organisms than indicated from previous achiral studies and underscores the powerful potential of chiral analysis as a tracer of environmental bioprocesses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0018872","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wong, C., Garrison, A., Smith, P., and Foreman, W., 2001, Enantiomeric composition of chiral polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers in aquatic and riparian biota: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 12, p. 2448-2454, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0018872.","startPage":"2448","endPage":"2454","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207625,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0018872"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0919e4b0c8380cd51de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, C.S.","contributorId":101834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, A.W.","contributorId":91267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, P.D.","contributorId":61604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001805,"text":"1001805 - 2001 - Suggestions for presenting the results of data analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T10:23:58","indexId":"1001805","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suggestions for presenting the results of data analyses","docAbstract":"We give suggestions for the presentation of research results from frequentist, information-theoretic, and Bayesian analysis paradigms, followed by several general suggestions. The information-theoretic and Bayesian methods offer alternative approaches to data analysis and inference compared to traditionally used methods. Guidance is lacking on the presentation of results under these alternative procedures and on nontesting aspects of classical frequentists methods of statistical analysis. Null hypothesis testing has come under intense criticism. We recommend less reporting of the results of statistical tests of null hypotheses in cases where the null is surely false anyway, or where the null hypothesis is of little interest to science or management.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803088","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.R., Link, W., Johnson, D.H., and Burnham, K.P., 2001, Suggestions for presenting the results of data analyses: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 3, p. 373-378, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803088.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"378","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":92722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":3465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023439,"text":"70023439 - 2001 - Mineralogy of the last lunar basalts: Results from Clementine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T17:53:11.119293","indexId":"70023439","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy of the last lunar basalts: Results from Clementine","docAbstract":"The last major phase of lunar volcanism produced extensive high-titanium mare deposits on the western nearside which remain unsampled by landing missions. The visible and near-infrared reflectance properties of these basalts are examined using Clementine multispectral images to better constrain their mineralogy. A much stronger 1 μm ferrous absorption was observed for the western high-titanium basalts than within earlier maria, suggesting that these last major mare eruptions also may have been the most iron-rich. These western basalts also have a distinctly long-wavelength, 1 μm ferrous absorption which was found to be similar for both surface soils and materials excavated from depth, supporting the interpretation of abundant olivine within these deposits. Spectral variation along flows within the Imbrium basin also suggests variations in ilmenite content along previously mapped lava flows as well as increasing olivine content within subsequent eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001387","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Staid, M., and Pieters, C., 2001, Mineralogy of the last lunar basalts: Results from Clementine: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E11, p. 27887-27900, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001387.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"27887","endPage":"27900","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000je001387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"106","issue":"E11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ad8e4b0c8380cd6f181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staid, M.I.","contributorId":76505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pieters, C.M.","contributorId":48733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieters","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022720,"text":"70022720 - 2001 - Use of deuterated water as a conservative artificial ground water tracer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022720","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of deuterated water as a conservative artificial ground water tracer","docAbstract":"Conservative tracers are necessary to obtain groundwater transport velocities at the field scale. Deuterated water is an effective tracer for this purpose due to its similarity to water, chemical stability, non-reactivity, ease of handling and sampling, relatively neutral buoyancy, and reasonable price. Reliable detection limits of 0.1 mg deuterium/L may be obtained in field tests. A field example is presented in which deuterated water, bromide, and pentafluorobenzoic acid are used as groundwater tracers. Deuterated water appeared to be transported conservatively, producing almost identical breakthrough curves as that of other soluble tracers. ?? Springer-Verlag 2001.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s100400100157","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Becker, M., and Coplen, T., 2001, Use of deuterated water as a conservative artificial ground water tracer: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 9, no. 5, p. 512-516, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400100157.","startPage":"512","endPage":"516","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400100157"},{"id":233346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbee3e4b08c986b32983a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, M.W.","contributorId":35896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022719,"text":"70022719 - 2001 - Automated ground-water monitoring with robowell-Case studies and potential applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022719","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Automated ground-water monitoring with robowell-Case studies and potential applications","docAbstract":"Robowell is an automated system and method for monitoring ground-water quality. Robowell meets accepted manual-sampling protocols without high labor and laboratory costs. Robowell periodically monitors and records water-quality properties and constituents in ground water by pumping a well or multilevel sampler until one or more purge criteria have been met. A record of frequent water-quality measurements from a monitoring site can indicate changes in ground-water quality and can provide a context for the interpretation of laboratory data from discrete samples. Robowell also can communicate data and system performance through a remote communication link. Remote access to ground-water data enables the user to monitor conditions and optimize manual sampling efforts. Six Robowell prototypes have successfully monitored ground-water quality during all four seasons of the year under different hydrogeologic conditions, well designs, and geochemical environments. The U.S. Geological Survey is seeking partners for research with robust and economical water-quality monitoring instruments designed to measure contaminants of concern in conjunction with the application and commercialization of the Robowell technology. Project publications and information about technology transfer opportunities are available on the Internet at URL http://ma.water.usgs.gov/automon/.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground","conferenceDate":"1 November 2001 through 2 November 2001","conferenceLocation":"Newton, MA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.456921","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., and Smith, K., 2001, Automated ground-water monitoring with robowell-Case studies and potential applications, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4575, Newton, MA, 1 November 2001 through 2 November 2001, p. 32-41, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.456921.","startPage":"32","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208004,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.456921"},{"id":233345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4575","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eef4e4b0c8380cd4a074","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jensen J LBurggraf L W","contributorId":128453,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jensen J LBurggraf L W","id":536484,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Granato, G.E.","contributorId":61457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K.P.","contributorId":54231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023593,"text":"70023593 - 2001 - Regional water-quality analysis of 2,4-D and dicamba in river water using gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T06:57:21","indexId":"70023593","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2040,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional water-quality analysis of 2,4-D and dicamba in river water using gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Gas chromatography with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used in regional National Water Quality Assessment studies of the herbicides, 2,4-D and dicamba, in river water across the United States. The GC-MS method involved solid-phase extraction, derivatized with deuterated 2,4-D, and analysis by selected ion monitoring. The ELISA method was applied after preconcentration with solid-phase extraction. The ELISA method was unreliable because of interference from humic substances that were also isolated by solid-phase extraction. Therefore, GC-MS was used to analyzed 80 samples from river water from 14 basins. The frequency of detection of dicamba (28%) was higher than that for 2,4-D (16%). Concentrations were higher for dicamba than for 2,4-D, ranging from less than the detection limit (7lt; 0.05 μg/L) to 3.77μg/L, in spite of 5 times more annual use of 2,4-D as compared to dicamba. These results suggest that 2,4-D degrades more rapidly in the environment than dicamba.