{"pageNumber":"3135","pageRowStart":"78350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184880,"records":[{"id":70023414,"text":"70023414 - 2001 - Sinking mafic body in a reactivated lower crust: A mechanism for stress concentration at the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023414","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sinking mafic body in a reactivated lower crust: A mechanism for stress concentration at the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"We propose a geodynamic model for stress concentration in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). The model postulates that a high-density (mafic) body situated in the deep crust directly beneath the most seismically active part of the NMSZ began sinking several thousands of years ago when the lower crust was suddenly weakened. Based on the fact that deformation rates in the NMSZ have accelerated over the past 9 k.y., we envision the source of this perturbation to be related to the last North American deglaciation. Excess mass of the mafic body exerts a downward pull on the elastic upper crust, leading to a cycle of primary thrust faulting with secondary strike-slip faulting, after which continued sinking of the mafic body reloads the upper crust and renews the process. This model is consistent with the youth of activity, the generation of a sequence of earthquakes, and the velocity evolution during interseismic periods, which depend upon the density contrast of the mafic body with respect to the surrounding crust, its volume, and the viscosity of the lower crust.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000277","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Kellogg, L., and Burgmann, R., 2001, Sinking mafic body in a reactivated lower crust: A mechanism for stress concentration at the New Madrid seismic zone: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 6, p. 1882-1897, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000277.","startPage":"1882","endPage":"1897","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207466,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000277"},{"id":232444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90e8e4b08c986b3196cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, L.","contributorId":64844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023533,"text":"70023533 - 2001 - Small-scale martian polygonal terrain: Implications for liquid surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T10:35:58","indexId":"70023533","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale martian polygonal terrain: Implications for liquid surface water","docAbstract":"<p>Images from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) through August 1999 were analyzed for the global distribution of small-scale polygonal terrain not clearly resolved in Viking Orbiter imagery. With very few exceptions, small-scale polygonal terrain occurs at middle to high latitudes of the northern and southern hemisphere in Hesperian-age geologic units. The largest concentration of this terrain occurs in the Utopia basin in close association with scalloped depressions (interpreted as thermokarst) and appears to represent an Amazonia event. The morphology and occurrence of small polygonal terrain suggest they are either mud desiccation cracks or ice-wedge polygons. Because the small-scale polygons in Utopia and Argyre Planitiae are associated with other cold-climate permafrost or glacial features, an ice-wedge model is preferred for these areas. Both cracking mechanisms work most effectively in water- or ice-rich finegrained material and may imply the seasonal or episodic existence of liquid water at the surface.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1029/2000GL012093","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Seibert, N., and Kargel, J., 2001, Small-scale martian polygonal terrain: Implications for liquid surface water: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 5, p. 899-902, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012093.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"899","endPage":"902","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9197e4b08c986b3199af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seibert, N.M.","contributorId":6225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seibert","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023532,"text":"70023532 - 2001 - Price current-meter standard rating development by the U.S. geological survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023532","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Price current-meter standard rating development by the U.S. geological survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has developed new standard rating tables for use with Price type AA and pygmy current meters, which are employed to measure streamflow velocity. Current-meter calibration data, consisting of the rates of rotation of meters at several different constant water velocities, have shown that the original rating tables are no longer representative of the average responsiveness of newly purchased meters or meters in the field. The new rating tables are based on linear regression equations that are weighted to reflect the population mix of current meters in the field and weighted inversely to the variability of the data at each calibration velocity. For calibration velocities of 0.3 m/s and faster, at which most streamflow measurements are made, the new AA-rating predicts the true velocities within 1.5% and the new pygmy-meter rating within 2.0% for more than 95% of the meters. At calibration velocities, the new AA-meter rating is up to 1.4% different from the original rating, and the new pygmy-meter rating is up to 1.6% different.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:4(250)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, E., Schwarz, G., Thibodeaux, K., and Turcios, L., 2001, Price current-meter standard rating development by the U.S. geological survey: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 127, no. 4, p. 250-257, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:4(250).","startPage":"250","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:4(250)"},{"id":232371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b89e4b0c8380cd7e293","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, E. F.","contributorId":66666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thibodeaux, K.G.","contributorId":16440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thibodeaux","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turcios, L.M.","contributorId":6477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turcios","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023415,"text":"70023415 - 2001 - Evaluation of the UnTRIM model for 3-D tidal circulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023415","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of the UnTRIM model for 3-D tidal circulation","docAbstract":"A family of numerical models, known as the TRIM models, shares the same modeling philosophy for solving the shallow water equations. A characteristic analysis of the shallow water equations points out that the numerical instability is controlled by the gravity wave terms in the momentum equations and by the transport terms in the continuity equation. A semi-implicit finite-difference scheme has been formulated so that these terms and the vertical diffusion terms are treated implicitly and the remaining terms explicitly to control the numerical stability and the computations are carried out over a uniform finite-difference computational mesh without invoking horizontal or vertical coordinate transformations. An unstructured grid version of TRIM model is introduced, or UnTRIM (pronounces as \"you trim\"), which preserves these basic numerical properties and modeling philosophy, only the computations are carried out over an unstructured orthogonal grid. The unstructured grid offers the flexibilities in representing complex study areas so that fine grid resolution can be placed in regions of interest, and coarse grids are used to cover the remaining domain. Thus, the computational efforts are concentrated in areas of importance, and an overall computational saving can be achieved because the total number of grid-points is dramatically reduced. To use this modeling approach, an unstructured grid mesh must be generated to properly reflect the properties of the domain of the investigation. The new modeling flexibility in grid structure is accompanied by new challenges associated with issues of grid generation. To take full advantage of this new model flexibility, the model grid generation should be guided by insights into the physics of the problems; and the insights needed may require a higher degree of modeling skill.","largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine and Coastal Modeling: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference","conferenceTitle":"Estuarine and Coastal Modeling: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference","conferenceDate":"5 November 2001 through 7 November 2001","conferenceLocation":"St. Petersburg, FL","language":"English","isbn":"0784406286","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., and Casulli, V., 2001, Evaluation of the UnTRIM model for 3-D tidal circulation, <i>in</i> Estuarine and Coastal Modeling: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference, St. Petersburg, FL, 5 November 2001 through 7 November 2001, p. 628-642.","startPage":"628","endPage":"642","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cdae4b0c8380cd52d0a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spaulding M.L.Spaulding M.L.","contributorId":128417,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Spaulding M.L.Spaulding M.L.","id":536498,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casulli, V.","contributorId":65994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023416,"text":"70023416 - 2001 - Results from the Big Spring basin water quality monitoring and demonstration projects, Iowa, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023416","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results from the Big Spring basin water quality monitoring and demonstration projects, Iowa, USA","docAbstract":"Agricultural practices, hydrology, and water quality of the 267-km2 Big Spring groundwater drainage basin in Clayton County, Iowa, have been monitored since 1981. Land use is agricultural; nitrate-nitrogen (-N) and herbicides are the resulting contaminants in groundwater and surface water. Ordovician Galena Group carbonate rocks comprise the main aquifer in the basin. Recharge to this karstic aquifer is by infiltration, augmented by sinkhole-captured runoff. Groundwater is discharged at Big Spring, where quantity and quality of the discharge are monitored. Monitoring has shown a threefold increase in groundwater nitrate-N concentrations from the 1960s to the early 1980s. The nitrate-N discharged from the basin typically is equivalent to over one-third of the nitrogen fertilizer applied, with larger losses during wetter years. Atrazine is present in groundwater all year; however, contaminant concentrations in the groundwater respond directly to recharge events, and unique chemical signatures of infiltration versus runoff recharge are detectable in the discharge from Big Spring. Education and demonstration efforts have reduced nitrogen fertilizer application rates by one-third since 1981. Relating declines in nitrate and pesticide concentrations to inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides at Big Spring is problematic. Annual recharge has varied five-fold during monitoring, overshadowing any water-quality improvements resulting from incrementally decreased inputs. ?? Springer-Verlag 2001.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s100400100150","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Rowden, R., Liu, H., and Libra, R., 2001, Results from the Big Spring basin water quality monitoring and demonstration projects, Iowa, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 9, no. 5, p. 487-497, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400100150.","startPage":"487","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400100150"},{"id":232485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaafee4b0c8380cd8662a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowden, R.D.","contributorId":63198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowden","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, H.","contributorId":12222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Libra, R.D.","contributorId":54353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Libra","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023417,"text":"70023417 - 2001 - Resistance of a lizard (the green anole, <i>Anolis carolinensis</i>; Polychridae) to ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T10:40:44","indexId":"70023417","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3049,"text":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resistance of a lizard (the green anole, <i>Anolis carolinensis</i>; Polychridae) to ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression","docAbstract":"<p><span>The green anole (</span><i>Anolis carolinensis</i><span>) is the most northerly distributed of its Neotropical genus. This lizard avoids a winter hibernation phase by the use of sun basking behaviors. Inevitably, this species is exposed to high doses of ambient solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Increases in terrestrial ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation secondary to stratospheric ozone depletion and habitat perturbation potentially place this species at risk of UVR-induced immunosuppression. Daily exposure to subinflammatory UVR (8 kJ/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/day UV-B, 85 kJ/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/day ultraviolet A [UV-A]), 6 days per week for 4 weeks (total cumulative doses of 192 kJ/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> UV-B, 2.04 × 10</span><sup>3</sup><span> kJ/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> UV-A) did not suppress the anole's acute or delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to horseshoe crab hemocyanin. In comparison with the available literature UV-B doses as low as 0.1 and 15.9 kJ/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> induced suppression of DTH responses in mice and humans, respectively. Exposure of anoles to UVR did not result in the inhibition of </span><i>ex vivo</i><span> splenocyte phagocytosis of fluorescein labeled </span><i>Escherichia coli</i><span> or </span><i>ex vivo</i><span> splenocyte nitric oxide production. Doses of UV-B ranging from 0.35 to 45 kJ/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> have been reported to suppress murine splenic/peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis and nitric oxide production. These preliminary studies demonstrate the resistance of green anoles to UVR-induced immunosuppression. Methanol extracts of anole skin contained two peaks in the ultraviolet wavelength range that could be indicative of photoprotective substances. However, the resistance of green anoles to UVR is probably not completely attributable to absorption by UVR photoprotective substances in the skin but more likely results from a combination of other factors including absorption by the cutis and absorption and reflectance by various components of the dermis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photobiology","doi":"10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0046:ROALTG>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00318655","usgsCitation":"Cope, R., Fabacher, D., Lieske, C., and Miller, C., 2001, Resistance of a lizard (the green anole, <i>Anolis carolinensis</i>; Polychridae) to ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression: Photochemistry and Photobiology, v. 74, no. 1, p. 46-54, https://doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0046:ROALTG>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269820,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0046:ROALTG>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9c1e4b0c8380cd85f66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cope, R.B.","contributorId":93665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fabacher, D. L.","contributorId":28568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabacher","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lieske, C.","contributorId":8068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lieske","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, C.A.","contributorId":67253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023531,"text":"70023531 - 2001 - A note on contact stress and closure in models of rock joints and faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023531","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on contact stress and closure in models of rock joints and faults","docAbstract":"We have re-examined asperity deformation predicted by joint closure models based on Greenwood and Williamson [1966] which use a statistical representation of loaded, rough surfaces. Although such models assume small elastic strains within contacting asperities (Hertzian contact) and well predict the observed dependence of closure on normal stress, large elastic normal strains measured in experiments violate the model assumptions. This inconsistency between observations and models can be resolved. The model dependence of closure on macroscopic normal stress results primarily from the statistics of the surface topography, and the functional dependence of closure on normal stress can be independent of assumed contact-scale elastic interactions. Thus, a joint model of the Greenwood and Williamson kind, modified to allow a portion of the elastic deformation to occur outside of the asperity contact region, predicts macroscopic behavior consistent with Hertzian models. Contact stresses derived from previously published models of this kind may be in error.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011458","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N., and Hickman, S., 2001, A note on contact stress and closure in models of rock joints and faults: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 4, p. 607-610, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011458.","startPage":"607","endPage":"610","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489780,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011458","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011458"},{"id":232370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c1e4b0c8380cd468d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, N.M. 0000-0002-3397-8481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":68894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, S.H. 0000-0003-2075-9615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":16027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023418,"text":"70023418 - 2001 - Topographic controls on the chemistry of subsurface stormflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023418","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic controls on the chemistry of subsurface stormflow","docAbstract":"Models are needed that describe how topography and other watershed characteristics affect the chemical composition of runoff waters, yet little spatially distributed data exist to develop such models. A topographically driven flushing mechanism for nitrate (NO3-) and dissolved organic carbon has been described in recent literature; however, this mechanism has not yet been thoroughly tested. A 24 ha catchment in the Catskill Mountains of New York was clearcut in the winter of 1996-97, resulting in elevated NO3- concentrations in soil water, groundwater and streamflow. We sampled shallow subsurface stormflow (SSSF) and streamflow six times during the spring and summer of 1998, 1 year after the harvest. We used a spatially distributed network of piezometers to investigate the relationship between topography and SSSF chemistry. Several indices of topography were computed, including the commonly employed topographic index of Beven and Kirkby (1979; Hydrological Sciences Bulletin 24: 43-69). Topographic index was positively correlated with NO3- concentrations in SSSF. The strength of the NO3- -topography relationship was best explained by antecedent soil temperature and antecedent precipitation conditions. Results suggest a topographically driven flushing of high NO3- shallow soil at the site during storm events. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.247","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Welsch, D., Kroll, C., McDonnell, J.J., and Burns, D.A., 2001, Topographic controls on the chemistry of subsurface stormflow: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 10, p. 1925-1938, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.247.","startPage":"1925","endPage":"1938","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.247"},{"id":232526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb478e4b08c986b3263b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsch, D.L.","contributorId":70562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsch","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroll, C.N.","contributorId":98916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroll","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023440,"text":"70023440 - 2001 - Biodegradation of MTBE by indigenous aquifer microorganisms under artificial oxic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023440","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":610,"text":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradation of MTBE by indigenous aquifer microorganisms under artificial oxic conditions","docAbstract":"The hypothesis that artificial oxic conditions will lead to MTBE biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms in anoxic, gasoline-contaminated aquifers was examined by adding oxygen in the form of a metal peroxide slurry to an anoxic part of gasoline-contaminated aquifer in South Carolina. Field observations of relatively rapid aerobic MTBE biodegradation following oxygen addition suggest that the indigenous bacteria have become acclimated not only to mg/L concentrations of MTBE in the gasoline plume, but also to periodic delivery of oxygen by recharge events. Significant natural attenuation of MTBE could occur if the oxygen limitations naturally associated with gasoline releases can be removed, either under natural conditions where discharging anoxic groundwater comes into contact with oxygen, or artificial conditions where oxygen can be added to aquifers containing mg/L concentrations of MTBE. This final solution might be an effective strategy for intercepting characteristically long MTBE plumes, particularly at sites not characterized by groundwater discharge to land surface. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 222nd ACS National Meting (Chicago, IL 8/26-30/2001).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"222nd ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"26 August 2001 through 30 August 2001","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., and Bradley, P., 2001, Biodegradation of MTBE by indigenous aquifer microorganisms under artificial oxic conditions: ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 41, no. 2, p. 443-447.","startPage":"443","endPage":"447","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f146e4b0c8380cd4ab48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023441,"text":"70023441 - 2001 - Naturalized salmonid populations occur in the presence of elevated trace element concentrations and temperatures in the firehole river, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T15:48:05.760541","indexId":"70023441","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Naturalized salmonid populations occur in the presence of elevated trace element concentrations and temperatures in the firehole river, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated the effects of geothermally influenced waters on the distribution of rainbow trout,&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>, and brown trout,&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo trutta</i><span>, in the Firehole River and its tributaries in Yellowstone National Park (WY, USA) from June 1997 to June 1998. Geothermal features in the Firehole River basin elevate mineral content and temperature in portions of the river and its tributaries. We found concentrations of boron and arsenic to be elevated in geothermally influenced areas compared with upstream sites. Boron concentrations occasionally exceeded 1,000 μg/L, a proposed limit for the protection of aquatic organisms. Arsenic concentrations occasionally exceeded 190 μg/L, the chronic ambient water quality criterion. Temperatures in geothermally influenced sites ranged up to 30°C and were consistently 5 to 10°C higher than upstream sites unaffected by geothermal inputs. Rainbow trout occurred at sites with elevated concentrations of boron, arsenic, and other trace elements and elevated water temperatures. Rainbow trout inhabited and spawned at sites with the most elevated trace element concentrations and temperatures; however, brown trout were absent from these sites. Water temperature may be the major factor determining brown trout distributions, but we cannot exclude the possibility that brown trout are more sensitive than rainbow trout to boron, arsenic, or other trace elements. Further investigations are needed to determine species-specific tolerances of boron, arsenic, and other trace elements among salmonids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620201029","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, J., Hubert, W., Woodward, D.F., Farag, A., and Meyer, J., 2001, Naturalized salmonid populations occur in the presence of elevated trace element concentrations and temperatures in the firehole river, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 10, p. 2342-2352, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620201029.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2342","endPage":"2352","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1236403","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Firehole River, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.8751392364502,\n              44.61662224229428\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.85659980773926,\n              44.61662224229428\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.85659980773926,\n              44.64349834733399\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8751392364502,\n              44.64349834733399\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8751392364502,\n              44.61662224229428\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6386e4b0c8380cd7252f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, J.N.","contributorId":105454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, J.S.","contributorId":85741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023442,"text":"70023442 - 2001 - Ontogeny of the stress response in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023442","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogeny of the stress response in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha","docAbstract":"Whole body concentrations of cortisol were determined via radioimmunoassay in chinook salmon, Onchorynchus tshawytscha, during early development in both stressed and non-stressed fish to determine when the corticosteroidogenic stress response first appeared. Progeny from both pooled and individual females were examined to determine if differences existed in offspring from different females. Levels of cortisol were low in eyed eggs, increased at hatch, decreased 2 weeks later and then remained constant thereafter. Differences in cortisol between stressed and control fish were found 1 week after hatch and persisted for the remainder of the study. The magnitude of the stress response, or relative amount of cortisol produced, generally increased from the time when it was first detected, but a decrease in the ability to elicit cortisol was seen 4 weeks after hatching. Cortisol content of separate progeny from two individual females showed a similar pattern to that seen in pooled eggs. Our results indicate that chinook salmon are capable of producing cortisol following a stressful event approximately 1 week after the time of hatching. The decrease in endogenous cortisol content seen 2 weeks after hatching, and the decrease in the magnitude of the stress response seen 4 weeks after hatching may be comparable to developmental events documented in mammals where corticosteroid synthesis is inhibited to neutralize possible detrimental effects of these hormones during critical periods of development.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1019709323520","issn":"09201742","usgsCitation":"Feist, G., and Schreck, C., 2001, Ontogeny of the stress response in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 25, no. 1, p. 31-40, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019709323520.","startPage":"31","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207357,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019709323520"},{"id":232250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e5ae4b0c8380cd755e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feist, G.","contributorId":88914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feist","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023530,"text":"70023530 - 2001 - Spectroscopic evidence for ternary surface complexes in the lead(II)-malonic acid-hematite system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:43:35","indexId":"70023530","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2222,"text":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectroscopic evidence for ternary surface complexes in the lead(II)-malonic acid-hematite system","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p id=\"simple-para0005\">Using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements, we examined the sorption of Pb(II) to hematite in the presence of malonic acid. Pb L<sub>III</sub>-edge EXAFS measurements performed in the presence of malonate indicate the presence of both Fe and C neighbors, suggesting that a major fraction of surface-bound malonate is bonded to adsorbed Pb(II). In the absence of Pb(II), ATR-FTIR measurements of sorbed malonate suggest the formation of more than one malonate surface complex. The dissimilarity of the IR spectrum of malonate sorbed on hematite to those for aqueous malonate suggest at least one of the sorbed malonate species is directly coordinated to surface Fe atoms in an inner-sphere mode. In the presence of Pb, little change is seen in the IR spectrum for sorbed malonate, indicating that geometry of malonate as it coordinates to sorbed Pb(II) adions is similar to the geometry of malonate as it coordinates to Fe in the hematite surface. Fits of the raw EXAFS spectra collected from pH 4 to pH 8 result in average Pb–C distances of 2.98 to 3.14 Å, suggesting the presence of both four- and six-membered Pb–malonate rings. The IR results are consistent with this interpretation. Thus, our results suggest that malonate binds to sorbed Pb(II) adions, forming ternary metal-bridging surface complexes.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/jcis.2000.7345","issn":"00219797","usgsCitation":"Lenhart, J., Bargar, J., and Davis, J., 2001, Spectroscopic evidence for ternary surface complexes in the lead(II)-malonic acid-hematite system: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v. 234, no. 2, p. 448-452, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.7345.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"448","endPage":"452","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.7345"}],"volume":"234","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95b0e4b08c986b31b068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenhart, J.J.","contributorId":59585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenhart","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bargar, J.R.","contributorId":82466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023443,"text":"70023443 - 2001 - MODIS land data at the EROS data center DAAC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-05T16:42:55.214657","indexId":"70023443","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODIS land data at the EROS data center DAAC","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, SD, USA, is the primary national archive for land processes data and one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC) for the Earth Observing System (EOS). One of EDC's functions as a DAAC is the archival and distribution of Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Data collected from the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite Terra. More than 500,000 publicly available MODIS land data granules totaling 25 Terabytes (Tb) are currently stored in the EDC archive. This collection is managed, archived, and distributed by EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Core System (ECS) at EDC. EDC User Services support the use of MODIS Land data, which include land surface reflectance/albedo, temperature/emissivity, vegetation characteristics, and land cover, by responding to user inquiries, constructing user information sites on the EDC web page, and presenting MODIS materials worldwide.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2001)","conferenceDate":"9 July 2001 through 13 July 2001","conferenceLocation":"Sydney, NSW","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","usgsCitation":"Jenkerson, C.B., and Reed, B., 2001, MODIS land data at the EROS data center DAAC, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 5, Sydney, NSW, 9 July 2001 through 13 July 2001, p. 2274-2276.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2274","endPage":"2276","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ae7e4b0c8380cd6912d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkerson, Calli B. 0000-0002-3780-9175","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-9175","contributorId":24958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkerson","given":"Calli","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023444,"text":"70023444 - 2001 - Pesticide storage and release in unsaturated soil in Illinois, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023444","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2266,"text":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide storage and release in unsaturated soil in Illinois, USA","docAbstract":"The chemical fate and movement of pesticides may be subject to transient storage in unsaturated soils during periods of light rainfall, and subsequent release into shallow groundwater by increased rainfall. The objective of this study was to conduct field-scale experiments to determine the relative importance of transient storage and subsequent release of agrichemicals from the vadose zone into potential aquifers. Two field-scale experiments were conducted under a rain exclusion shelter. In the 1 x experiment, atrazine and chlorpyrifos were applied at application-rate equivalents (1.6 kg ha-1 and 1.3 kg ha-1, respectively). In the 4x experiment, atrazine was applied in an amount that was four times greater than that usually applied to fields (6.7 kg ha-1). Water was either applied to simulate rain or withheld to simulate dry periods. In the 1 x experiment, atrazine was detected in the water samples whereas chlorpyrifos was not detected in the majority of the samples. The dry period imposed on the treatment plot did not appear to result in storage of the chemicals, whereas the wet period resulted in greater leaching of atrazine, although the concentrations remained less than the Maximum Contaminant Level of 3 ?? L-1. Both chemicals were detected in soil samples collected from a 20- to 30-cm depth, but it appeared that both chemicals dissipated before the field experiment was concluded. It appeared that the one-time application of atrazine and chlorpyrifos at the label rates did not result in a sufficient mass to be stored and flushed in significant concentrations to the saturated zone. When atrazine was applied at 4x and a longer drought period was imposed on the treatment plot, the resulting concentrations of dissolved atrazine were still less than 3 ??g L-1. Atrazine was detected in only the near-surface (0 to 15 cm) soil samples and the herbicide dissipated before the onset of the dry period in the treatment plot. The results of this field study demonstrated that atrazine and chlorpyrifos were not sufficiently persistent to be stored and then released in significantly large concentrations to the saturated zone. The dissipation half-life of atrazine in the 4x application was about 44 days. This study, in addition to others, suggested that atrazine may be less persistent in surface soil than has been generally reported.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1081/PFC-100103567","issn":"03601234","usgsCitation":"Roy, W.R., Krapac, I., Chou, S.J., and Simmons, F., 2001, Pesticide storage and release in unsaturated soil in Illinois, USA: Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, v. 36, no. 3, p. 245-260, https://doi.org/10.1081/PFC-100103567.","startPage":"245","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207382,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PFC-100103567"},{"id":232288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7720e4b0c8380cd78424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, Sheng-Fu J.","contributorId":9777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"Sheng-Fu","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simmons, F.W.","contributorId":37923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022767,"text":"70022767 - 2001 - The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T16:51:39.806485","indexId":"70022767","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu<sub>3.38</sub>Fe<sub>0.62</sub>S<sub>4</sub>): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","title":"The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Gibbs free energy of formation of nukundamite (Cu</span><sub>3.38</sub><span>Fe</span><sub>0.62</sub><span>S</span><sub>4</sub><span>) was calculated from published experimental studies of the reaction 3.25 Cu</span><sub>3.38</sub><span>Fe</span><sub>0.62</sub><span>S</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;+ S</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;= 11 CuS + 2 FeS</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in order to correct an erroneous expression in the published record. The correct expression describing the Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ·mol</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) of nukundamite relative to the elements and ideal S</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;gas is Δ</span><sub>f</sub><span>G°</span><sub>nukundamite, T(K)</sub><span>&nbsp;= −549.75 + 0.23242 T + 3.1284 T</span><sup>0.5</sup><span>, with an uncertainty of 0.6%. An evaluation of the phase equilibria of nukundamite with associated phases in the system Cu–Fe–S as a function of temperature and sulfur fugacity indicates that nukundamite is stable from 224 to 501°C at high sulfidation states. At its greatest extent, at 434°C, the stability field of nukundamite is only 0.4 log&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><span>(S</span><sub>2</sub><span>) units wide, which explains its rarity. Equilibria between nukundamite and bornite, which limit the stability of both phases, involve bornite compositions that deviate significantly from stoichiometric Cu</span><sub>5</sub><span>FeS</span><sub>4</sub><span>. Under equilibrium conditions in the system Cu–Fe–S, nukundamite + chalcopyrite is not a stable assemblage at any temperature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","doi":"10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1635","usgsCitation":"Seal,, R., Inan, E.E., and Hemingway, B., 2001, The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1635-1640, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1635.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1635","endPage":"1640","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba757e4b08c986b3214f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inan, E. E.","contributorId":38332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, Bruce S.","contributorId":13689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruce S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023445,"text":"70023445 - 2001 - Identifying determinants of nations' wetland management programs using structural equation modeling: An exploratory analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023445","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying determinants of nations' wetland management programs using structural equation modeling: An exploratory analysis","docAbstract":"Integrated management and policy models suggest that solutions to environmental issues may be linked to the socioeconomic and political Characteristics of a nation. In this study, we empirically explore these suggestions by applying them to the wetland management activities of nations. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate a model of national wetland management effort and one of national wetland protection. Using five predictor variables of social capital, economic capital, environmental and political characteristics, and land-use pressure, the multivariate models were able to explain 60% of the variation in nations' wetland protection efforts based on data from 90 nations, as defined by level of participation, in the international wetland convention. Social capital had the largest direct effect on wetland protection efforts, suggesting that increased social development may eventually lead to better wetland protection. In contrast, increasing economic development had a negative linear relationship with wetland protection efforts, suggesting the need for explicit wetland protection programs as nations continue to focus on economic development. Government, environmental characteristics, and land-use pressure also had a positive direct effect on wetland protection, and mediated the effect of social capital on wetland protection. Explicit wetland protection policies, combined with a focus on social development, would lead to better wetland protection at the national level.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002670010194","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"La Peyre, M., Mendelssohn, I., Reams, M., Templet, P., and Grace, J., 2001, Identifying determinants of nations' wetland management programs using structural equation modeling: An exploratory analysis: Environmental Management, v. 27, no. 6, p. 859-868, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002670010194.","startPage":"859","endPage":"868","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002670010194"},{"id":232327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a384be4b0c8380cd614ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Peyre, M.K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":102239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendelssohn, I.A.","contributorId":24317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelssohn","given":"I.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reams, M.A.","contributorId":102240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reams","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Templet, P.H.","contributorId":14609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templet","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023446,"text":"70023446 - 2001 - Use of stable sulfur isotopes to identify sources of sulfate in Rocky Mountain snowpacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70023446","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of stable sulfur isotopes to identify sources of sulfate in Rocky Mountain snowpacks","docAbstract":"Stable sulfur isotope ratios and major ions in bulk snowpack samples were monitored at a network of 52 high-elevation sites along and near the Continental Divide from 1993 to 1999. This information was collected to better define atmospheric deposition to remote areas of the Rocky Mountains and to help identify the major source regions of sulfate in winter deposition. Average annual ??34S values at individual sites ranged from + 4.0 to + 8.2??? and standard deviations ranged from 0.4 to 1.6???. The chemical composition of all samples was extremely dilute and slightly acidic; average sulfate concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 12.2 ??eql-1 and pH ranged from 4.82 to 5.70. The range of ??34S values measured in this study indicated that snowpack sulfur in the Rocky Mountains is primarily derived from anthropogenic sources. A nearly linear relation between ??34S and latitude was observed for sites in New Mexico, Colorado, and southern Wyoming, which indicates that snowpack sulfate in the southern part of the network was derived from two isotopically distinct source regions. Because the major point sources of SO2 in the region are coal-fired powerplants, this pattern may reflect variations in the isotopic composition of coals burned by the plants. The geographic pattern in ??34S for sites farther to the north in Wyoming and Montana was much less distinct, perhaps rflecting the paucity of major point sources of SO2 in the northern part of the network.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00507-0","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Mast, M., Turk, J., Ingersoll, G., Clow, D.W., and Kester, C., 2001, Use of stable sulfur isotopes to identify sources of sulfate in Rocky Mountain snowpacks: Atmospheric Environment, v. 35, no. 19, p. 3303-3313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00507-0.","startPage":"3303","endPage":"3313","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00507-0"},{"id":232328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf87e4b08c986b329bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, G.P.","contributorId":36923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, D. W.","contributorId":23531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kester, C.L.","contributorId":44874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kester","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023529,"text":"70023529 - 2001 - Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a population of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala): Implications for amphibian conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T14:51:51.73315","indexId":"70023529","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a population of southern leopard frogs (<i>Rana sphenocephala</i>): Implications for amphibian conservation","title":"Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a population of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala): Implications for amphibian conservation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Currently, conservation efforts are devoted to determining the extent and the causes of the decline of many amphibian species worldwide. Human impacts frequently degrade amphibian habitat and have been implicated in many declines. Because genetic variance is critical in determining the persistence of a species in a changing environment, we examined the amount of genetic variability present in a single population for tolerance to an environmental stressor. We examined the amount of genetic variability among full- and half-sib families in a single population of southern leopard frogs (</span><i>Rana sphenocephala</i><span>) with respect to their tolerance to lethal concentrations of the agricultural chemical, carbaryl. Analysis of time-to-death data indicated significant differences among full-sib families and suggests a large amount of variability present in the responses to this environmental stressor. Significant differences in responses among half-sib families indicated that there is additive genetic variance. These data suggest that this population may have the ability to adapt to environmental stressors. It is possible that declines of amphibian populations in the western United States may be attributed to low genetic variability resulting from limited migration among populations and small population sizes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0007:GVIITI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bridges, C., and Semlitsch, R.D., 2001, Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a population of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala): Implications for amphibian conservation: Copeia, v. 1, p. 7-13, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0007:GVIITI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Cole County","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River floodplain","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1505,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cole\",\"state\":\"MO\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.2206,38.6431],[-92.2027,38.6255],[-92.2021,38.6236],[-92.2038,38.609],[-92.2026,38.6036],[-92.1986,38.5997],[-92.1848,38.5904],[-92.1741,38.5841],[-92.1524,38.5742],[-92.1289,38.5659],[-92.1137,38.5621],[-92.0859,38.5586],[-92.0622,38.5574],[-92.029,38.5637],[-92.0128,38.568],[-92.0089,38.5704],[-92.0032,38.5606],[-92.0192,38.5584],[-92.0251,38.553],[-92.0285,38.5415],[-92.0252,38.5249],[-92.0252,38.5238],[-92.0226,38.5202],[-92.0197,38.5161],[-92.0168,38.5107],[-92.0127,38.5061],[-92.0103,38.5039],[-92.0092,38.5029],[-92.0095,38.502],[-92.0077,38.4992],[-92.0086,38.49],[-92.0148,38.4797],[-92.0273,38.4715],[-92.041,38.4669],[-92.0521,38.4662],[-92.0646,38.4668],[-92.0837,38.4642],[-92.096,38.4597],[-92.1041,38.4581],[-92.1141,38.4569],[-92.1224,38.459],[-92.1291,38.4617],[-92.1346,38.4667],[-92.138,38.4701],[-92.144,38.4734],[-92.1502,38.4746],[-92.1568,38.4743],[-92.1646,38.4716],[-92.168,38.4692],[-92.1688,38.4661],[-92.1639,38.4592],[-92.1622,38.4565],[-92.1624,38.4483],[-92.1605,38.4431],[-92.1517,38.4328],[-92.1481,38.431],[-92.1382,38.4279],[-92.1289,38.4226],[-92.1244,38.4192],[-92.1194,38.4154],[-92.1167,38.4115],[-92.1152,38.4085],[-92.1144,38.405],[-92.1144,38.4036],[-92.115,38.4014],[-92.1161,38.3986],[-92.1167,38.3968],[-92.1173,38.3959],[-92.1189,38.3932],[-92.124,38.3888],[-92.1343,38.384],[-92.1493,38.3787],[-92.1583,38.3767],[-92.1731,38.3781],[-92.1866,38.3757],[-92.1939,38.3684],[-92.1945,38.3427],[-92.2268,38.3432],[-92.2291,38.3364],[-92.2362,38.3301],[-92.2432,38.3269],[-92.252,38.3269],[-92.255,38.3274],[-92.2591,38.3287],[-92.2643,38.3306],[-92.269,38.3328],[-92.2714,38.3347],[-92.2743,38.3383],[-92.2772,38.3406],[-92.2802,38.3415],[-92.2843,38.3428],[-92.2872,38.3433],[-92.2901,38.3433],[-92.2936,38.3433],[-92.2978,38.3424],[-92.3013,38.3424],[-92.4075,38.3443],[-92.4038,38.4296],[-92.4931,38.4314],[-92.3928,38.7409],[-92.3912,38.7406],[-92.3876,38.7363],[-92.3653,38.7317],[-92.353,38.7256],[-92.3434,38.7149],[-92.3438,38.7031],[-92.3619,38.6915],[-92.3615,38.683],[-92.3481,38.6754],[-92.2926,38.6664],[-92.2759,38.6584],[-92.2594,38.6449],[-92.2433,38.6432],[-92.2257,38.6449],[-92.2206,38.6431]]]}}]}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a158de4b0c8380cd54e80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semlitsch, R. D.","contributorId":22522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023528,"text":"70023528 - 2001 - The use of outdoor freshwater pond microcosms. III. Responses of phytoplankton and periphyton to pyridaben","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023528","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of outdoor freshwater pond microcosms. III. Responses of phytoplankton and periphyton to pyridaben","docAbstract":"An outdoor freshwater microcosm study was conducted in which pyridaben, an insecticide-miticide, was directly applied to water to determine its biological effects on phytoplankton and periphyton. Twenty-four microcosms (24 m3 each) were monitored for 11 months, then four treatments of pyridaben were applied two times at three concentrations (0.34, 34.0 ??g/L), including an untreated control. The succession of algal groups observed and the major genera found in microcosms during the baseline phase of the study were typical of oligo-mesotrophic systems in Florida. Following application of pyridaben, the most remarkable effect was a positive correlation of phytoplankton abundance with pyridaben concentrations in water; indicating increased abundance as a result of exposure. Both Chlorophyta and Pyrrophyta exhibited a significant increase (p=0.05) in population abundance at 3.4 and 34.0 ??g/L pyridaben. Chrysophyta also elicited a trend of increased abundance at 34.0 ??g/L, although the effect was not significant. The effects on phytoplankton populations were associated with the decline of zooplankton populations as a result of a direct effect of pyridaben exposure. There were no effects of pyridaben on periphyton communities or on functional endpoints. ?? 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<96::AID-TOX110>3.0.CO;2-U","issn":"15204081","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., Krise, W.F., Redell, L.A., and Bennett, R.M., 2001, The use of outdoor freshwater pond microcosms. III. Responses of phytoplankton and periphyton to pyridaben: Environmental Toxicology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 96-103, https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<96::AID-TOX110>3.0.CO;2-U.","startPage":"96","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<96::AID-TOX110>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"id":232330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb193e4b08c986b325348","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, R. M.","contributorId":97852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023515,"text":"70023515 - 2001 - Confidence intervals for expected moments algorithm flood quantile estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T10:19:25","indexId":"70023515","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Confidence intervals for expected moments algorithm flood quantile estimates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Historical and paleoflood information can substantially improve flood frequency estimates if appropriate statistical procedures are properly applied. However, the Federal guidelines for flood frequency analysis, set forth in Bulletin 17B, rely on an inefficient “weighting” procedure that fails to take advantage of historical and paleoflood information. This has led researchers to propose several more efficient alternatives including the Expected Moments Algorithm (EMA), which is attractive because it retains Bulletin 17B's statistical structure (method of moments with the Log Pearson Type 3 distribution) and thus can be easily integrated into flood analyses employing the rest of the Bulletin 17B approach. The practical utility of EMA, however, has been limited because no closed‐form method has been available for quantifying the uncertainty of EMA‐based flood quantile estimates. This paper addresses that concern by providing analytical expressions for the asymptotic variance of EMA flood‐quantile estimators and confidence intervals for flood quantile estimates. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the properties of such confidence intervals for sites where a 25‐ to 100‐year streamgage record is augmented by 50 to 150 years of historical information. The experiments show that the confidence intervals, though not exact, should be acceptable for most purposes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR900016","usgsCitation":"Cohn, T., Lane, W.L., and Stedinger, J.R., 2001, Confidence intervals for expected moments algorithm flood quantile estimates: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1695-1706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR900016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1695","endPage":"1706","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr900016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9bde4b0c8380cd4d767","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, William L.","contributorId":28502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stedinger, Jery R. 0000-0002-7081-729X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-729X","contributorId":203276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stedinger","given":"Jery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023447,"text":"70023447 - 2001 - Diets of nesting laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: observations from stable isotope analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-20T15:03:46","indexId":"70023447","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2114,"text":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diets of nesting laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: observations from stable isotope analysis","docAbstract":"Food web studies often ignore details of temporal, spatial, and intrapopulation dietary variation in top-level consumers. In this study, intrapopulation dietary variation of a dominant carnivore, the Laughing Gull (<i>Larus atricilla</i>), was examined using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope analysis of gull tissues as well as their prey (fish, invertebrates, and insects) from the Virginia Coast Reserve estuarine system. As earlier traditional diet studies found evidence of individual dietary specialization within gull populations, this study used stable isotope analysis to assess specialization in a coastal Laughing Gull population. Specifically, blood, muscle, and feather isotope values indicated significant intrapopulation dietary specialization. Some gulls relied more heavily on estuarine prey (mean blood δ<sup>13</sup>C = -17.5, δ<sup>15</sup>N = 12.6, and δ<sup>34</sup>S = 9.3), whereas others appeared to consume more foods of marine origin (mean blood δ<sup>13</sup>C = -19.4, δ<sup>15</sup>N = 14.8, and δ<sup>34</sup>S = 10.4). It is important to account for such dietary variability when assessing trophic linkages in dynamic estuarine systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/10256010108033282","issn":"10256016","usgsCitation":"Knoff, A.J., Macko, S., and Erwin, R., 2001, Diets of nesting laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: observations from stable isotope analysis: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 37, no. 1, p. 67-88, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256010108033282.","startPage":"67","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284339,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256010108033282"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00e5e4b0c8380cd4f9a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knoff, A. J.","contributorId":80384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoff","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macko, S.A.","contributorId":105408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macko","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023448,"text":"70023448 - 2001 - Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:05:27.442134","indexId":"70023448","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes","docAbstract":"Modeling of gravity and magnetic data shows that areally extensive mafic and ultramafic rocks of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, are at least 8 km thick, and that gabbro and ultramafic rocks underlie basalt in several places. The basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks have been considered parts of a far-traveled ophiolite assemblage. These rocks are the highest structural elements in the Brooks Range thrust belt and are thought to be hundreds of kilometers north of their origin. This requires these rocks to be thin klippen without geologic ties to the continental shelf sedimentary rocks that now surround them. The geophysically determined, thick and interleaved subsurface character of the basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks is inconsistent with this interpretation. An origin within an extensional setting on the continental shelf could produce the required subsurface geometries and explain other perplexing characteristics of these rocks. Early Mesozoic Alaska, from the North Slope southward to the interior, may have had many irregular extensional basins on a broad, distal continental shelf. This original tectonic setting may apply elsewhere in Cordilleran-type margins where appropriate mafic and ultramafic analogs are present.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1151:RBROIF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Morin, R.L., and Hudson, T.L., 2001, Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes: Geology, v. 29, no. 12, p. 1151-1154, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1151:RBROIF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.849609375,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.65429687499997,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.65429687499997,\n              69.11561106499448\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.849609375,\n              69.11561106499448\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.849609375,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae8be4b0c8380cd8710f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morin, R. L.","contributorId":95484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022754,"text":"70022754 - 2001 - Processes of nickel and cobalt uptake by a manganese oxide forming sediment in Pinal Creek, Globe mining district, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:57:28","indexId":"70022754","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes of nickel and cobalt uptake by a manganese oxide forming sediment in Pinal Creek, Globe mining district, Arizona","docAbstract":"A series of column experiments was conducted using manganese oxide coated sediments collected from the hyporheic zone in Pinal Creek (AZ), a metal-contaminated stream, to study the uptake and retention of Mn, Ni, and Co. Experimental variables included the absence (abiotic) and presence (biotic) of active Mn-oxidizing bacteria, the absence and presence of dissolved Mn, and sediment manganese oxide content. Uptake of Mn under biotic conditions was between 8 and 39% higher than under abiotic conditions. Continuous uptake of Mn due to biotic oxidation was evident from extraction of column sediments. Manganese uptake is hypothesized to initially occur as adsorption, which led to subsequent surface and/or microbial oxidation. Complete breakthrough of Ni within 100 pore volumes indicated no process of continuous uptake and was modeled as an equilibrium adsorption process. Nickel uptake in the presence of dissolved Mn was 67-100% reversible. Sediment extractions suggest that Ni uptake occurred through weak and strong adsorption. Continuous uptake of cobalt increased with sediment manganese oxide content, and Co uptake was up to 75% greater under biotic than abiotic conditions. Cobalt uptake was controlled by both existing and newly formed manganese oxides. Only a small amount of Co uptake was reversible (10-25%). XANES spectral analysis indicated that most Co(II) was oxidized to Co(III) and probably incorporated structurally into manganese oxides. Although manganese oxides were the primary phase controlling uptake and retention of Mn, Ni, and Co, the mechanisms varied among the metals.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es010514d","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kay, J., Conklin, M., Fuller, C.C., and O’Day, P.A., 2001, Processes of nickel and cobalt uptake by a manganese oxide forming sediment in Pinal Creek, Globe mining district, Arizona: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 24, p. 4719-4725, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010514d.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4719","endPage":"4725","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208007,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010514d"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Pinal Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.913,33.604 ], [ -110.913,33.615 ], [ -110.906,33.615 ], [ -110.906,33.604 ], [ -110.913,33.604 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dbae4b0c8380cd7edc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, J.T.","contributorId":50327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conklin, M.H.","contributorId":82875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conklin","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Day, P. A.","contributorId":26857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Day","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023449,"text":"70023449 - 2001 - Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023449","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey is building models of the Florida Everglades to be used in managing south Florida surface water flows for habitat restoration and maintenance. Because of the low gradients in the Everglades, vegetation structural characteristics are very important and greatly influence surface water flow and distribution. Vegetation density is being evaluated as an index of surface resistance to flow. Digital multispectral videography (DMSV) has been captured over several sites just before field collection of vegetation data. Linear regression has been used to establish a relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values computed from the DMSV and field-collected biomass and density estimates. Spatial analysis applied to the DMSV data indicates that thematic mapper (TM) resolution is at the limit required to capture land surface heterogeneity. The TM data collected close to the time of the DMSV will be used to derive a regional sawgrass density map.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.W., 2001, Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 267, p. 507-512.","startPage":"507","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"267","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3878e4b0c8380cd6159b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022756,"text":"70022756 - 2001 - Chemical and engineering properties of fired bricks containing 50 weight percent of class F fly ash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-12T14:58:13.760791","indexId":"70022756","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1511,"text":"Energy Sources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and engineering properties of fired bricks containing 50 weight percent of class F fly ash","docAbstract":"<p>The generation of fly ash during coal combustion represents a considerable solid waste disposal problem in the state of Illinois and nationwide. In fact, the majority of the three million tons of fly ash produced from burning Illinois bituminous coals is disposed of in landfills. The purpose of this study was to obtain a preliminary assessment of the technical feasibility of mitigating this solid waste problem by making fired bricks with the large volume of fly ash generated from burning Illinois coals. Test bricks were produced by the extrusion method with increasing amounts (20-50% by weight) of fly ash as a replacement for conventional raw materials. The chemical characteristics and engineering properties of the test bricks produced with and without 50 wt% of fly ash substitutions were analyzed and compared. The properties of the test bricks containing fly ash were at least comparable to, if not better than, those of standard test bricks made without fly ash and met the commercial specifications for fired bricks. The positive results of this study suggest that further study on test bricks with fly ash substitutions of greater than 50wt% is warranted. Successful results could have an important impact in reducing the waste disposal problem related to class F fly ash while providing the brick industry with a new low cost raw material.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00908310119850","issn":"00908312","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., Patel, V., Laird, C., and Ho, K., 2001, Chemical and engineering properties of fired bricks containing 50 weight percent of class F fly ash: Energy Sources, v. 23, no. 7, p. 665-673, https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310119850.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"665","endPage":"673","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f53fe4b0c8380cd4c131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patel, V.","contributorId":43934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patel","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laird, C.J.","contributorId":80464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laird","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ho, K.K.","contributorId":30768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}