{"pageNumber":"3137","pageRowStart":"78400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184880,"records":[{"id":70023766,"text":"70023766 - 2001 - Ant-seed mutualisms: Can red imported fire ants sour the relationship?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:42:21","indexId":"70023766","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ant-seed mutualisms: Can red imported fire ants sour the relationship?","docAbstract":"Invasion by the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, has had negative impacts on individual animal and plant species, but little is known about how S. invicta affects complex mutualistic relationships. In some eastern forests of North America, 30% of herbaceous species have ant-dispersed seeds. We conducted experiments to determine if fire ants are attracted to seeds of these plant species and assessed the amount of scarification or damage that results from handling by fire ants. Fire ants removed nearly 100% of seeds of the ant-dispersed plants Trillium undulatum, T. discolor, T. catesbaei, Viola rotundifolia, and Sanguinaria canadensis. In recovered seeds fed to ant colonies, fire ants scarified 80% of S. canadensis seeds and destroyed 86% of V. rotundifolia seeds. Our study is the first to document that red imported fire ants are attracted to and remove seeds of species adapted for ant dispersal. Moreover, fire ants might damage these seeds and discard them in sites unfavorable for germination and seedling establishment. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00074-X","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Zettler, J., Spira, T., and Allen, C.R., 2001, Ant-seed mutualisms: Can red imported fire ants sour the relationship?: Biological Conservation, v. 101, no. 2, p. 249-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00074-X.","startPage":"249","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479001,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00074-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00074-X"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec50e4b0c8380cd491c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zettler, J.A.","contributorId":97281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zettler","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spira, T.P.","contributorId":74546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spira","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023240,"text":"70023240 - 2001 - Gill Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter abundance and location in Atlantic salmon: Effects of seawater and smolting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-23T16:44:51.945701","indexId":"70023240","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":730,"text":"American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology","onlineIssn":"1522-1490","printIssn":"0363-6119","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Gill Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter abundance and location in Atlantic salmon: Effects of seawater and smolting","title":"Gill Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter abundance and location in Atlantic salmon: Effects of seawater and smolting","docAbstract":"Na+-K+-2Cl−cotransporter abundance and location was examined in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during seawater acclimation and smolting. Western blots revealed three bands centered at 285, 160, and 120 kDa. The Na+-K+-2Cl−cotransporter was colocalized with Na+-K+-ATPase to chloride cells on both the primary filament and secondary lamellae. Parr acclimated to 30 parts per thousand seawater had increased gill Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter abundance, large and numerous Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter immunoreactive chloride cells on the primary filament, and reduced numbers on the secondary lamellae. Gill Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter levels were low in presmolts (February) and increased 3.3-fold in smolts (May), coincident with elevated seawater tolerance. Cotransporter levels decreased below presmolt values in postsmolts in freshwater (June). The size and number of immunoreactive chloride cells on the primary filament increased threefold during smolting and decreased in postsmolts. Gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity and Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter abundance increased in parallel during both seawater acclimation and smolting. These data indicate a direct role of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter in salt secretion by gill chloride cells of teleost fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Physiological Society","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.6.R1844","usgsCitation":"Pelis, R.M., Zydlewski, J.D., and McCormick, S., 2001, Gill Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter abundance and location in Atlantic salmon: Effects of seawater and smolting: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, v. 280, no. 6, p. R1844-R1852, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.6.R1844.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"R1844","endPage":"R1852","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"280","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28f3e4b0c8380cd5a572","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pelis, Ryan M.","contributorId":30580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelis","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen D.","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023765,"text":"70023765 - 2001 - Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T12:31:08","indexId":"70023765","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water","docAbstract":"Ground-water sampling techniques were modified to reduce random low-level contamination during collection of filtered water samples for determination of trace-element concentrations. The modified sampling techniques were first used in New Jersey by the US Geological Survey in 1994 along with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis to determine the concentrations of 18 trace elements at the one microgram-per-liter (μg/L) level in the oxic water of the unconfined sand and gravel Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. The revised technique tested included a combination of the following: collection of samples (1) with flow rates of about 2L per minute, (2) through acid-washed single-use disposable tubing and (3) a single-use disposable 0.45-μm pore size capsule filter, (4) contained within portable glove boxes, (5) in a dedicated clean sampling van, (6) only after turbidity stabilized at values less than 2 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), when possible. Quality-assurance data, obtained from equipment blanks and split samples, indicated that trace element concentrations, with the exception of iron, chromium, aluminum, and zinc, measured in the samples collected in 1994 were not subject to random contamination at 1μg/L.Results from samples collected in 1994 were compared to those from samples collected in 1991 from the same 12 PVC-cased observation wells using the available sampling and analytical techniques at that time. Concentrations of copper, lead, manganese and zinc were statistically significantly lower in samples collected in 1994 than in 1991. Sampling techniques used in 1994 likely provided trace-element data that represented concentrations in the aquifer with less bias than data from 1991 when samples were collected without the same degree of attention to sample handling.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Ivahnenko, T., Szabo, Z., and Gibs, J., 2001, Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water: Water Research, v. 35, no. 15, p. 3611-3624, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X.","startPage":"3611","endPage":"3624","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X"}],"volume":"35","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f423e4b0c8380cd4bb79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivahnenko, T.","contributorId":20495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibs, J.","contributorId":91632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023764,"text":"70023764 - 2001 - The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T21:58:01.488547","indexId":"70023764","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1166,"text":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"Decades of quantitative measurement indicate that roots can mechanically reinforce shallow soils in forested landscapes. Forests, however, have variations in vegetation species and age which can dominate the local stability of landslide-initiation sites. To assess the influence of this variability on root cohesion we examined scarps of landslides triggered during large storms in February and November of 1996 in the Oregon Coast Range and hand-dug soil pits on stable ground. At 41 sites we estimated the cohesive reinforcement to soil due to roots by determining the tensile strength, species, depth, orientation, relative health, and the density of roots ![\"\"](\"https://cdnsciencepub.com/cms/10.1139/t01-031/asset/images/gr.gif\")
1 mm in diameter within a measured soil area. We found that median lateral root cohesion ranges from 6.8–23.2 kPa in industrial forests with significant understory and deciduous vegetation to 25.6–94.3 kPa in natural forests dominated by coniferous vegetation. Lateral root cohesion in clearcuts is uniformly ![\"\"](\"https://cdnsciencepub.com/cms/10.1139/t01-031/asset/images/ls.gif\")
10 kPa. Some 100-year-old industrial forests have species compositions, lateral root cohesion, and root diameters that more closely resemble 10-year-old clearcuts than natural forests. As such, the influence of root cohesion variability on landslide susceptibility cannot be determined solely from broad age classifications or extrapolated from the presence of one species of vegetation. Furthermore, the anthropogenic disturbance legacy modifies root cohesion for at least a century and should be considered when comparing contemporary landslide rates from industrial forests with geologic background rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cgj-38-5-995","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, K., Roering, J.J., Stock, J., Dietrich, W.E., Montgomery, D.R., and Schaub, T., 2001, The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 38, no. 5, p. 995-1024, https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-38-5-995.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"995","endPage":"1024","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LVVD9S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Root thread strength, landslide headscarp geometry, and observed root characteristics at the monitored CB1 landslide, Oregon, USA"},{"id":232308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 43.31718491566705\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 43.31718491566705\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 45.282617057517406\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 45.282617057517406\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 43.31718491566705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1b2e4b08c986b3253ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roering, J. J.","contributorId":22533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roering","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stock, J. D. 0000-0001-8565-3577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-3577","contributorId":79998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietrich, W. E.","contributorId":47538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaub, T.","contributorId":59206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaub","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023763,"text":"70023763 - 2001 - Detection of bacteria from biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023763","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of bacteria from biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A rapid method for identifying specific bacteria from complex biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been developed. The technique employs commercially available magnetic beads coated with polycolonal antibodies raised against specific bacteria and whole cell analysis by MALDI-MS. A suspension of a bacterial mixture is mixed with the immunomagnetic beads specific for the target microorganism. After a short incubation period (20 mins) the bacteria captured by the beads are washed, resuspended in deionized H2O and directly applied onto a MALDI probe. Liquid suspensions containing bacterial mixtures can be screened within 1 h total analysis time. Positive tests result in the production of a fingerprint mass spectrum primarily consisting of protein biomarkers characteristic of the targeted microorganism. Using this procedure, Salmonella choleraesuis was isolated and detected from standard bacterial mixtures and spiked samples of river water, human urine, and chicken blood. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rcm.344","issn":"09514198","usgsCitation":"Madonna, A., Basile, F., Furlong, E., and Voorhees, K., 2001, Detection of bacteria from biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 15, no. 13, p. 1068-1074, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.344.","startPage":"1068","endPage":"1074","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207370,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.344"},{"id":232268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff70e4b0c8380cd4f1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madonna, A.J.","contributorId":73779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madonna","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Basile, F.","contributorId":7458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basile","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, E.","contributorId":18541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voorhees, K.J.","contributorId":16161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voorhees","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023761,"text":"70023761 - 2001 - Protection of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus four days after specific or semi-specific DNA vaccination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-08T12:10:00.215268","indexId":"70023761","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3673,"text":"Vaccine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protection of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus four days after specific or semi-specific DNA vaccination","docAbstract":"A DNA vaccine against a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), was shown to provide significant protection as soon as 4 d after intramuscular vaccination in 2 g rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) held at 15°C. Nearly complete protection was also observed at later time points (7, 14, and 28 d) using a standardized waterborne challenge model. In a test of the specificity of this early protection, immunization of rainbow trout with a DNA vaccine against another fish rhabdovirus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, provided a significant level of cross-protection against IHNV challenge for a transient period of time, whereas a rabies virus DNA vaccine was not protective. This indication of distinct early and late protective mechanisms was not dependent on DNA vaccine doses from 0.1 to 2.5 μg.
To understand production from low resistivity-high porosity Mississippian chat reservoirs in south-central Kansas it is necessary to understand the nature of deposition and diagenesis, how tectonics is a factor, the lithofacies controls on petrophysical properties, and log response to these properties. The initial mudstones to sponge-spicule wacke-packstones were deposited in transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles on a shelf to shelf margin setting, resulting in a series of shallowing-upward cycles. Sponge-spicule content appears to increase upward with increasing cycle thickness.
After early silicification, inter- and post-Mississippian subaerial exposure resulted in further diagenesis, including sponge-spicule dissolution, vuggy porosity development in moldic-rich rocks, and autobrecciation. Meteoric water infiltration is limited in depth below the exposure surface and in distance downdip into unaltered, cherty Cowley Formation facies. Areas of thicker preserved chat and increased diagenesis can be correlated with structural lineaments and, in some areas, with recurrent basement block movement. Combination of folding or block fault movement prior to or during development of the basal Pennsylvanian unconformity, sponge-spicule concentration, and possibly thickness of overlying bioclastic wacke-grainstones resulted in variable reservoir properties and the creation of pods of production separated by nonproductive cherty dolomite mudstones. These events also resulted in alteration of the depositional cycles to produce a series of lithofacies that exhibit unique petrophysical properties.
From bottom to top in a complete cycle seven lithofacies are present: (1) argillaceous dolomite mudstone, (2) argillaceous dolomite mudstone that has chert nodules, (3) clean dolomite mudstone that has nodular chert, (4) nodular to bedded chert, (5) autoclastic chert, (6) autoclastic chert that has clay infill, and (7) bioclastic wacke-grainstone. The uppermost cycle was terminated by another lithofacies, a chert conglomerate of Mississippian and/or Pennsylvanian age. The chert facies exhibit porosities ranging from 25 to 50% and permeabilities greater than 5 md. The (Begin page 86) cherty dolomite mudstones, argillaceous dolomite mudstones, and bioclastic wacke-grainstones exhibit nonreservoir properties.
Reservoir production, numerical simulation, and whole core data indicate fracturing can be present in chat reservoirs and can enhance permeability by as much as an order of magnitude. Capillary pressure data indicate the presence of microporosity and can explain high water saturations and low resistivity observed in wire-line logs. Relative permeabilities to oil decrease rapidly for saturations greater than 60% and may be influenced by dual pore systems. Archie cementation exponents increase from 1.8 for mudstones to more than 2.5 in the cherts that have increasing sponge-spicule mold and vug content. Detailed modified Pickett plot analysis of logs reveals critical aspects of chat character and can provide reliable indices of reservoir properties and pay delineation. Models developed provide additional insight into the chat of south-central Kansas and understanding of the nature of controls on shallow-shelf chert reservoir properties.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/8626C767-173B-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Watney, W.L., Guy, W.J., and Byrne, A., 2001, Characterization of the Mississippian chat in south-central Kansas: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 85, no. 1, p. 85-113, https://doi.org/10.1306/8626C767-173B-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.5029296875,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -96.27319335937499,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -96.27319335937499,\n 39.410733055084954\n ],\n [\n -100.5029296875,\n 39.410733055084954\n ],\n [\n -100.5029296875,\n 36.96744946416934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e5e4b0c8380cd4bfb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watney, W. Lynn","contributorId":60785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watney","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, W. J.","contributorId":23293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrne, Alan","contributorId":178985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023730,"text":"70023730 - 2001 - A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone-revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023730","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone-revisited","docAbstract":"McGarr and Fletcher (2000) introduced a technique for estimating apparent stress and seismic energy radiation associated with small patches of a larger fault plane and then applied this method to the slip model of the Northridge earthquake (Wald et al., 1996). These results must be revised because we did not take account of the difference between the seismic energy near the fault and that in the farfield. The fraction f(VR) of the near-field energy that propagates into the far-field is a monotonic function that ranges from 0.11 to 0.40 as rupture velocity VR increases from 0.6?? to 0.95??, where ?? is the shear wave speed. The revised equation for apparent stress for subfault ij is taij = f(VR) ????/ 2 Dij??? D(t)ij2dt, where ?? is density, D(t)ij is the time-dependent slip, and Dij is the final slip. The corresponding seismic energy is Eaij = ADijtaij, where A is the subfault area. Our corrected distributions of apparent stress and radiated energy over the Northridge earthquake fault zone are about 35% of those published before.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001GL013094","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., and Fletcher, J.B., 2001, A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone-revisited: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 18, p. 3529-3532, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013094.","startPage":"3529","endPage":"3532","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489796,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207436,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013094"}],"volume":"28","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e454e4b0c8380cd465b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023729,"text":"70023729 - 2001 - Subglacial sediments: A regional geological template for iceflow in West Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023729","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subglacial sediments: A regional geological template for iceflow in West Antarctica","docAbstract":"We use aerogeophysical data to estimate the distribution of marine subglacial sediments and fault-bounded sedimentary basins beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). We find that significant ice flow occurs exclusively in regions covered by subglacial sediments. The onsets and lateral margins of ice streams coincide with the limit of marine sediments. Lateral margins are also consistently linked with fault-bounded basins. We predict that the inland migration of ice streams B and C1 towards the ice divide outside the region covered by marine or rift sediments is unlikely. The subglacial geology has the potential to modulate the dynamic evolution of the ice streams and the WAIS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011788","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Studinger, M., Bell, R., Blankenship, D.D., Finn, C., Arko, R., Morse, D.L., and Joughin, I., 2001, Subglacial sediments: A regional geological template for iceflow in West Antarctica: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 18, p. 3493-3496, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011788.","startPage":"3493","endPage":"3496","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478959,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d87s7z9d","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011788"}],"volume":"28","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d13e4b08c986b31d61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Studinger, M.","contributorId":100581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Studinger","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, R.E.","contributorId":70010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blankenship, D. D.","contributorId":29012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arko, R.A.","contributorId":76909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morse, D. L.","contributorId":28024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morse","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Joughin, I.","contributorId":105084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joughin","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023728,"text":"70023728 - 2001 - MAUP: Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in raster GIS datasets. Raster pixels as modifiable areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023728","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1720,"text":"GIM International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MAUP: Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in raster GIS datasets. Raster pixels as modifiable areas","docAbstract":"The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) is a well-studied aspect of geographic phenomena. It is usually associated with socio-economic data collected by census enumeration units. This problem also applies directly to geographic data in raster formats, including both GIS categorical data layers and remotely sensed images. The author briefly provides a foundation for examining the component parts of the MAUP in remotely sensed raster data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GIM International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15669076","usgsCitation":"Lyn, U.E., 2001, MAUP: Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in raster GIS datasets. Raster pixels as modifiable areas: GIM International, v. 15, no. 8, p. 43-45.","startPage":"43","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4abce4b0c8380cd68fd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyn, Usery E.","contributorId":10193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyn","given":"Usery","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043757,"text":"70043757 - 2001 - New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, October-December 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:15:30","indexId":"70043757","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, October-December 2000","docAbstract":"A list of USGS publications and articles by U.S. Geological Survey personnel in non-U.S. Geological Survey journals and books that were published in October to December of the year 2000.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043757","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, October-December 2000: Publications of the US Geological Survey, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043757.","productDescription":"63 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043757/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272695,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043757/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad57e4b0b6328103b4b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023727,"text":"70023727 - 2001 - Implications of seed size for seedling survival in Carnegiea gigantea and Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-26T18:52:27.324341","indexId":"70023727","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Implications of seed size for seedling survival in Carnegiea gigantea and Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae)","title":"Implications of seed size for seedling survival in Carnegiea gigantea and Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae)","docAbstract":"Larger seeds have been shown to convey benefits for seedling survival but the mechanisms of this process are not well understood. In this study, seed size and seedling survival were compared for 2 sympatric cactus species, Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose and Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, in laboratory and field experiments in the northern Sonoran Desert. Both species have small seeds, but Ferocactus seeds are nearly twice as long and 3 times as heavy as those of Carnegiea. The difference in size is perpetuated after germination: new Ferocactus seedlings have 4 times the estimated volume of new Carnegiea seedlings. In an outdoor experiment, annual survivorship of both species was low but was 6 times higher for Ferocactus (6 seedlings, 8.1%) than Carnegiea (1 seedling, 1.4%). The pattern of seedling mortality in relation to temperature and rain suggests that, after the initial flush of seed and seedling predation, drought and heat took a greater toll on Carnegiea than Ferocactus seedlings, probably because the larger seedling volume of Ferocactus conferred greater drought tolerance. In addition, F. wislizeni could become established without benefit of nurse plants whereas C. gigantea could not; this might reflect differential tolerance to high soil temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.2307/3672423","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.E., and Pierson, E., 2001, Implications of seed size for seedling survival in Carnegiea gigantea and Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae): Southwestern Naturalist, v. 46, no. 3, p. 272-281, https://doi.org/10.2307/3672423.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"281","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Pima County","otherGeospatial":"Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.21067714157198,\n 32.39483543509151\n ],\n [\n -111.21067714157198,\n 32.15913544865313\n ],\n [\n -110.97859095993107,\n 32.15913544865313\n ],\n [\n -110.97859095993107,\n 32.39483543509151\n ],\n [\n -111.21067714157198,\n 32.39483543509151\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a392ae4b0c8380cd61815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Janice E.","contributorId":18119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierson, E.A.","contributorId":24938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023726,"text":"70023726 - 2001 - Dry deposition of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium, and nitrate to alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023726","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dry deposition of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium, and nitrate to alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, Colorado","docAbstract":"Micrometeorological measurements and ambient air samples, analyzed for concentrations of NH3, HNO3, NH4+, and NO3-, were collected at an alpine tundra site on Niwot Ridge, Colorado. The measured concentrations were extremely low and ranged between 5 and 70ngNm-3. Dry deposition fluxes of these atmospheric species were calculated using the micrometeorological gradient method. The calculated mean flux for NH3 indicates a net deposition to the surface and indicates that NH3 contributed significantly to the total N deposition to the tundra during the August-September measurement period. Our pre-measurement estimate of the compensation point for NH3 in air above the tundra was 100-200ngNm-3; thus, a net emission of NH3 was expected given the low ambient concentrations of NH3 observed. Based on our results, however, the NH3 compensation point at this alpine tundra site appears to have been at or below about 20ngNm-3. Large deposition velocities (>2cms-1) were determined for nitrate and ammonium and may result from reactions with surface-derived aerosols. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.Micrometeorological measurements and ambient air samples, analyzed for concentrations of NH3, HNO3, NH4+, and NO3-, were collected at an alpine tundra site on Niwot Ridge, Colorado. The measured concentrations were extremely low and ranged between 5 and 70 ng N m-3. Dry deposition fluxes of these atmospheric species were calculated using the micrometeorological gradient method. The calculated mean flux for NH3 indicates a net deposition to the surface and indicates that NH3 contributed significantly to the total N deposition to the tundra during the August-September measurement period. Our pre-measurement estimate of the compensation point for NH3 in air above the tundra was 100-200 ng N m-3; thus, a net emission of NH3 was expected given the low ambient concentrations of NH3 observed. Based on our results, however, the NH3 compensation point at this alpine tundra site appears to have been at or below about 20 ng N m-3. Large deposition velocities (>2 cm s-1) were determined for nitrate and ammonium and may result from reactions with surface-derived aerosols.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00276-4","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Rattray, G., and Sievering, H., 2001, Dry deposition of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium, and nitrate to alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, Colorado: Atmospheric Environment, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1105-1109, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00276-4.","startPage":"1105","endPage":"1109","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207414,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00276-4"},{"id":232343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0401e4b0c8380cd50737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattray, G.","contributorId":84116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sievering, H.","contributorId":58809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievering","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023725,"text":"70023725 - 2001 - Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission at Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T13:03:21","indexId":"70023725","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission at Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"Mammoth Mountain, a dormant volcano in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, has been passively degassing large quantities of cold magmatic CO2 since 1990 following a 6-month-long earthquake swarm associated with a shallow magmatic intrussion in 1989. A search for any link between gas discharge and volcanic hazard at this popular recreation area led us to initiate a detailed study of the degassing process in 1997. Our continuous monitoring results elucidate some of the physical controls that influence dynamics in flank CO2 degassing at this volcano. High coherence between variations in CO2 efflux and variations in atmospheric pressure and wind speed imply that meteorological parameters account for much, if not all of the variability in CO2 efflux rates. Our results help explain differences among previously published estimates of CO2 efflux at Mammoth Mountain and indicate that the long-term (annual) CO2 degassing rate has in fact remained constant since ~ 1997. Discounting the possibility of large meteorologically driven temporal variations in gas efflux at other volcanoes may result in spurious interpretations of transients do not reflect actual geologic processes. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00344-2","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Rogie, J., Kerrick, D.M., Sorey, M., Chiodini, G., and Galloway, D., 2001, Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission at Mammoth Mountain, California: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 188, no. 3-4, p. 535-541, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00344-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"541","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00344-2"}],"volume":"188","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0431e4b0c8380cd5083f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogie, J.D.","contributorId":63571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogie","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerrick, Derrill M.","contributorId":68883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerrick","given":"Derrill","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chiodini, G.","contributorId":76093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiodini","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023724,"text":"70023724 - 2001 - Major-ion chemistry of the Rocky Mountain snowpack, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:04:23","indexId":"70023724","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major-ion chemistry of the Rocky Mountain snowpack, USA","docAbstract":"During 1993-97, samples of the full depth of the Rocky Mountain snowpack were collected at 52 sites from northern New Mexico to Montana and analyzed for major-ion concentrations. Concentrations of acidity, sulfate, nitrate, and calcium increased from north to south along the mountain range. In the northern part of the study area, acidity was most correlated (negatively) with calcium. Acidity was strongly correlated (positively) with nitrate and sulfate in the southern part and for the entire network. Acidity in the south exceeded the maximum acidity measured in snowpack of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains. Principal component analysis indicates three solute associations we characterize as: (1) acid (acidity, sulfate, and nitrate), (2) soil (calcium, magnesium, and potassium), and (3) salt (sodium, chloride, and ammonium). Concentrations of acid solutes in the snowpack are similar to concentrations in nearby wetfall collectors, whereas, concentrations of soil solutes are much higher in the snowpack than in wetfall. Thus, dryfall of acid solutes during the snow season is negligible, as is gypsum from soils. Snowpack sampling offers a cost-effective complement to sampling of wetfall in areas where wetfall is difficult to sample and where the snowpack accumulates throughout the winter. Copyright ?? 2001 .","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00189-3","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Turk, J., Taylor, H.E., Ingersoll, G., Tonnessen, K., Clow, D.W., Mast, M., Campbell, K., and Melack, J., 2001, Major-ion chemistry of the Rocky Mountain snowpack, USA: Atmospheric Environment, v. 35, no. 23, p. 3957-3966, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00189-3.","startPage":"3957","endPage":"3966","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00189-3"}],"volume":"35","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c2de4b0c8380cd69a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, G.P.","contributorId":36923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tonnessen, K.A.","contributorId":30196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clow, D. W.","contributorId":23531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Melack, J.M.","contributorId":59164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melack","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70023723,"text":"70023723 - 2001 - Asian dust events of April 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-30T19:06:23.210473","indexId":"70023723","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asian dust events of April 1998","docAbstract":"On April 15 and 19, 1998, two intense dust storms were generated over the Gobi desert by springtime low-pressure systems descending from the northwest. The windblown dust was detected and its evolution followed by its yellow color on SeaWiFS satellite images, routine surface-based monitoring, and through serendipitous observations. The April 15 dust cloud was recirculating, and it was removed by a precipitating weather system over east Asia. The April 19 dust cloud crossed the Pacific Ocean in 5 days, subsided to the surface along the mountain ranges between British Columbia and California, and impacted severely the optical and the concentration environments of the region. In east Asia the dust clouds increased the albedo over the cloudless ocean and land by up to 10–20%, but it reduced the near-UV cloud reflectance, causing a yellow coloration of all surfaces. The yellow colored backscattering by the dust eludes a plausible explanation using simple Mie theory with constant refractive index. Over the West Coast the dust layer has increased the spectrally uniform optical depth to about 0.4, reduced the direct solar radiation by 30–40%, doubled the diffuse radiation, and caused a whitish discoloration of the blue sky. On April 29 the average excess surface-level dust aerosol concentration over the valleys of the West Coast was about 20–50 μg/m3 with local peaks >100 μg/m3. The dust mass mean diameter was 2–3 μm, and the dust chemical fingerprints were evident throughout the West Coast and extended to Minnesota. The April 1998 dust event has impacted the surface aerosol concentration 2–4 times more than any other dust event since 1988. The dust events were observed and interpreted by an ad hoc international web-based virtual community. It would be useful to set up a community-supported web-based infrastructure to monitor the global aerosol pattern for such extreme aerosol events, to alert and to inform the interested communities, and to facilitate collaborative analysis for improved air quality and disaster management.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JD900788","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Husar, R., Tratt, D., Schichtel, B., Falke, S., Li, F., Jaffe, D., Gasso, S., Gill, T., Laulainen, N., Lu, F., Reheis, M., Chun, Y., Westphal, D., Holben, B., Gueymard, C., McKendry, I., Kuring, N., Feldman, G., McClain, C., Frouin, R., Merrill, J., DuBois, D., Vignola, F., Murayama, T., Nickovic, S., Wilson, W., Sassen, K., Sugimoto, N., and Malm, W., 2001, Asian dust events of April 1998: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 106, no. D16, p. 18317-18330, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900788.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"18317","endPage":"18330","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/8041","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"D16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb9e4b0c8380cd49989","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Husar, R.B.","contributorId":13490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husar","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tratt, D.M.","contributorId":96962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tratt","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schichtel, B.A.","contributorId":37207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schichtel","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falke, S.R.","contributorId":43625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, F.","contributorId":83798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaffe, D.","contributorId":86226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gasso, S.","contributorId":28447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasso","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gill, T.","contributorId":29270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Laulainen, N.S.","contributorId":38425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laulainen","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lu, F.","contributorId":84217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chun, Y.","contributorId":15802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chun","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Westphal, D.","contributorId":44421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westphal","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Holben, B.N.","contributorId":50048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holben","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gueymard, C.","contributorId":35595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gueymard","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"McKendry, I.","contributorId":28864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKendry","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kuring, N.","contributorId":82180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuring","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Feldman, G.C.","contributorId":52454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"McClain, C.","contributorId":77419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Frouin, R.J.","contributorId":68598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frouin","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Merrill, J.","contributorId":53655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"DuBois, D.","contributorId":19434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Vignola, F.","contributorId":81751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vignola","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Murayama, T.","contributorId":37208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murayama","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Nickovic, S.","contributorId":12326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickovic","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Wilson, W.E.","contributorId":100831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Sassen, K.","contributorId":50049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sassen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Sugimoto, N.","contributorId":48032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugimoto","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Malm, W.C.","contributorId":11882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malm","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}}
,{"id":70023722,"text":"70023722 - 2001 - Initial yield to depth relation for water wells drilled into crystalline bedrock - Pinardville quadrangle, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:57:27.304003","indexId":"70023722","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initial yield to depth relation for water wells drilled into crystalline bedrock - Pinardville quadrangle, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"A model is proposed to explain the statistical relations between the mean initial water well yields from eight time increments from 1984 to 1998 for wells drilled into the crystalline bedrock aquifer system in the Pinardville area of southern New Hampshire and the type of bedrock, mean well depth, and mean well elevation. Statistical analyses show that the mean total yield of drilling increments is positively correlated with mean total well depth and mean well elevation. In addition, the mean total well yield varies with rock type from a minimum of 46.9 L/min (12.4 gpm) in the Damon Pond granite to a maximum of 74.5 L/min (19.7 gpm) in the Permian pegmatite and granite unit. Across the eight drilling increments that comprise 211 wells each, the percentages of very low-yield wells (1.9 L/min [0.5 gpm] or less) and high-yield wells (151.4 L/min [40 gpm] or more) increased, and those of intermediate-yield wells decreased. As housing development progressed during the 1984 to 1998 interval, the mean depth of the wells and their elevations increased, and the mix of percentages of the bedrock types drilled changed markedly.
The proposed model uses a feed-forward mechanism to explain the interaction between the increasing mean elevation, mean well depth, and percentages of very low-yielding wells and the mean well yield. The increasing percentages of very low-yielding wells through time and the economics of the housing market may control the system that forces the mean well depths, percentages of high-yield wells, and mean well yields to increase. The reason for the increasing percentages of very low-yield wells is uncertain, but the explanation is believed to involve the complex structural geology and tectonic history of the Pinardville quadrangle.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02357.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Drew, L., Schuenemeyer, J., Amstrong, T., and Sutphin, D.M., 2001, Initial yield to depth relation for water wells drilled into crystalline bedrock - Pinardville quadrangle, New Hampshire: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 5, p. 676-684, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02357.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"684","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Pinardville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.70639038085936,\n 42.897094603161904\n ],\n [\n -71.36856079101562,\n 42.897094603161904\n ],\n [\n -71.36856079101562,\n 43.087946269000135\n ],\n [\n -71.70639038085936,\n 43.087946269000135\n ],\n [\n -71.70639038085936,\n 42.897094603161904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bece4b0c8380cd62937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuenemeyer, J.H.","contributorId":106094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amstrong, T.R.","contributorId":15791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amstrong","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023721,"text":"70023721 - 2001 - Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:11:42","indexId":"70023721","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer approach","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotopic properties of water discharging from springs and wells in Shenandoah National Park (SNP), near the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains, VA, USA were monitored to obtain information on groundwater residence times. Investigated time scales included seasonal (wet season, April, 1996; dry season, August–September, 1997), monthly (March through September, 1999) and hourly (30-min interval recording of specific conductance and temperature, March, 1999 through February, 2000). Multiple environmental tracers, including tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), sulfur-35 (35S), and stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) of water, were used to estimate the residence times of shallow groundwater discharging from 34 springs and 15 wells. The most reliable ages of water from springs appear to be based on SF6 and 3H/3He, with most ages in the range of 0–3 years. This range is consistent with apparent ages estimated from concentrations of CFCs; however, CFC-based ages have large uncertainties owing to the post-1995 leveling-off of the CFC atmospheric growth curves. Somewhat higher apparent ages are indicated by 35S (>1.5 years) and seasonal variation of δ18O (mean residence time of 5 years) for spring discharge. The higher ages indicated by the 35S and δ18O data reflect travel times through the unsaturated zone and, in the case of 35S, possible sorption and exchange of S with soils or biomass. In springs sampled in April, 1996, apparent ages derived from the 3H/3He data (median age of 0.2 years) are lower than those obtained from SF6 (median age of 4.3 years), and in contrast to median ages from 3H/3He (0.3 years) and SF6 (0.7 years) obtained during the late summer dry season of 1997. Monthly samples from 1999 at four springs in SNP had SF6apparent ages of only 1.2 to 2.5±0.8 years, and were consistent with the 1997 SF6 data. Water from springs has low excess air (0–1 cm3 kg−1) and N2–Ar temperatures that vary seasonally. Concentrations of He and Ne in excess of solubility equilibrium indicate that the dissolved gases are not fractionated. The seasonal variations in N2–Ar temperatures suggest shallow, seasonal recharge, and the excess He and Ne data suggest waters mostly confined to gas exchange in the shallow, mountain-slope, water-table spring systems. Water from wells in the fractured rock contains up to 8 cm3 kg−1 of excess air with ages in the range of 0–25 years. Transient responses in specific conductance and temperature were observed in spring discharge within several hours of large precipitation events in September, 1999; both parameters increased initially, then decreased to values below pre-storm base-flow values. The groundwater residence times indicate that flushing rates of mobile atmospheric constituents through groundwater to streams draining the higher elevations in SNP average less than 3 years in base-flow conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00317-5","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Böhlke, J., Nelms, D., Michel, R.L., and Schlosser, P., 2001, Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer approach: Chemical Geology, v. 179, no. 1-4, p. 93-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00317-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00317-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","volume":"179","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc0e4b0c8380cd5bff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelms, D.L.","contributorId":32189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023720,"text":"70023720 - 2001 - Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:20:32","indexId":"70023720","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"Compound-specific isotope analysis was used to study a contaminated site near Kingsford, Michigan, USA. Organic compounds at three of the sites studied had similar 13C values indicating that the contaminant source is the same for all sites. At a fourth site, chemical and 13C values had evolved due to microbial degradation of organics, with the 13C being much heavier than the starting materials. A microcosm experiment was run to observe isotopic changes with time in the methane evolved and in compounds remaining in the water during degradation. The 13C values of the methane became heavier during the initial period of the run when volatile fatty acids were being consumed. There was an abrupt decrease in the 13C values when fatty acids had been consumed and phenols began to be utilized. The 13C value of the propionate remaining in solution also increased, similar to the results found in the field.
","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS-AISH Publication","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., Silva, S.R., Bemis, B., Godsy, E., and Warren, E., 2001, Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 269, p. 311-316.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Kingsford","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.6203,45.9852],[-87.6208,45.8973],[-87.6993,45.8976],[-87.6994,45.7219],[-87.8187,45.7217],[-87.8468,45.7218],[-87.8475,45.7218],[-87.8495,45.724],[-87.8527,45.7259],[-87.8566,45.7278],[-87.8593,45.7304],[-87.8621,45.7331],[-87.8635,45.7365],[-87.8642,45.7397],[-87.8654,45.7427],[-87.8665,45.7458],[-87.8691,45.7485],[-87.873,45.7508],[-87.8775,45.7536],[-87.8814,45.7545],[-87.8853,45.7549],[-87.8877,45.7551],[-87.8892,45.7551],[-87.8925,45.7543],[-87.8957,45.7539],[-87.899,45.7543],[-87.9016,45.7552],[-87.9056,45.7574],[-87.9076,45.758],[-87.9087,45.7581],[-87.9121,45.7577],[-87.9146,45.7582],[-87.9151,45.7583],[-87.9173,45.7587],[-87.9199,45.7586],[-87.9219,45.7573],[-87.9232,45.7569],[-87.9258,45.7574],[-87.9284,45.7581],[-87.9324,45.7593],[-87.9356,45.7598],[-87.9415,45.7584],[-87.9472,45.7581],[-87.9545,45.7587],[-87.9591,45.7588],[-87.9641,45.7601],[-87.9673,45.7615],[-87.9705,45.7633],[-87.9725,45.7644],[-87.9757,45.7663],[-87.9796,45.7676],[-87.9841,45.7695],[-87.9874,45.7705],[-87.9908,45.772],[-87.9919,45.7732],[-87.9905,45.7755],[-87.9892,45.7764],[-87.9879,45.7773],[-87.9858,45.7796],[-87.9845,45.7823],[-87.9858,45.7845],[-87.9872,45.7881],[-87.9885,45.7903],[-87.9901,45.7924],[-87.994,45.7952],[-87.9971,45.7967],[-87.9984,45.7964],[-87.9991,45.7962],[-88.0031,45.7953],[-88.0064,45.7931],[-88.0084,45.7926],[-88.0104,45.7922],[-88.014,45.791],[-88.0199,45.79],[-88.0264,45.789],[-88.0296,45.7886],[-88.0313,45.7883],[-88.0333,45.7879],[-88.0392,45.7866],[-88.0439,45.7847],[-88.0497,45.7833],[-88.0509,45.783],[-88.0549,45.7819],[-88.0583,45.7818],[-88.0595,45.7818],[-88.0641,45.7809],[-88.0694,45.7814],[-88.071,45.7818],[-88.0732,45.7826],[-88.0779,45.7848],[-88.0805,45.7861],[-88.0862,45.788],[-88.0908,45.789],[-88.095,45.7905],[-88.0989,45.7914],[-88.103,45.7937],[-88.1064,45.7966],[-88.1082,45.7991],[-88.1109,45.8013],[-88.1155,45.8035],[-88.1201,45.8053],[-88.1237,45.8067],[-88.1275,45.8086],[-88.1283,45.8092],[-88.1314,45.8118],[-88.1341,45.8143],[-88.1359,45.8164],[-88.1365,45.8196],[-88.1349,45.8225],[-88.1323,45.8249],[-88.1298,45.8273],[-88.1265,45.8296],[-88.1195,45.8342],[-88.1159,45.8368],[-88.1154,45.8371],[-88.1124,45.8388],[-88.1093,45.8408],[-88.1079,45.8431],[-88.1059,45.8454],[-88.1042,45.8472],[-88.1025,45.8486],[-88.101,45.8499],[-88.0984,45.8523],[-88.0951,45.8541],[-88.0926,45.8562],[-88.0899,45.8584],[-88.0873,45.8603],[-88.0853,45.8626],[-88.0817,45.8644],[-88.0772,45.8658],[-88.074,45.869],[-88.0733,45.8713],[-88.0728,45.8721],[-88.0748,45.8735],[-88.0774,45.8749],[-88.0807,45.8768],[-88.085,45.8777],[-88.0882,45.879],[-88.089,45.8792],[-88.0925,45.8802],[-88.0965,45.882],[-88.1005,45.8838],[-88.1018,45.8865],[-88.1037,45.8893],[-88.1042,45.8906],[-88.1046,45.8925],[-88.1061,45.8985],[-88.1055,45.9016],[-88.1053,45.9044],[-88.104,45.9067],[-88.1036,45.9071],[-88.103,45.9076],[-88.1005,45.9099],[-88.0992,45.9117],[-88.0965,45.9131],[-88.0954,45.9141],[-88.096,45.9154],[-88.098,45.9168],[-88.1013,45.9182],[-88.1046,45.9196],[-88.1085,45.9203],[-88.1125,45.9216],[-88.1149,45.9221],[-88.1171,45.9225],[-88.1187,46.1216],[-88.1178,46.2471],[-87.7424,46.2469],[-87.6189,46.2476],[-87.6187,46.1582],[-87.6205,46.0712],[-87.6203,45.9852]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dickinson\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","issue":"269","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93ee4b0c8380cd4d50b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bemis, B.","contributorId":55608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bemis","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warren, E.","contributorId":15360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023719,"text":"70023719 - 2001 - Retention of internal anchor tags by juvenile striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023719","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retention of internal anchor tags by juvenile striped bass","docAbstract":"We marked hatchery-reared striped bass Morone saxatilis (145-265 mm total length) with internal anchor tags and monitored retention for 28 months after stocking in the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina. Anchor tags (with an 18-mm, T-shaped anchor and 42-mm streamer) were surgically implanted ventrally, and coded wire tags (1 mm long and 0.25 mm in diameter) were placed into the cheek muscle to help identify subsequent recaptures. The estimated probability of retention (SD) of anchor tags was 0.94 (0.05) at 4 months, 0.64 (0.13) at 16 months, and 0.33 (0.19) at 28 months. Of 10 fish recaptured with only coded wire tags, 5 showed an externally visible wound or scar near the point of anchor tag insertion. The incidence of wounds or scars, which we interpreted as evidence of tag shedding, increased to 50% in recaptures taken at 28 months (three of six fish). Our estimates for retention of anchor tags were generally lower than those in other studies of striped bass, possibly because of differences in the style of anchor or sizes of fish used. Because of its low rate of retention, the type of anchor tag we used may not be suitable for long-term assessments of stock enhancement programs that use striped bass of the sizes we evaluated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0656:ROIATB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Van Den Avyle, M., and Wallin, J., 2001, Retention of internal anchor tags by juvenile striped bass: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 656-659, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0656:ROIATB>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"656","endPage":"659","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0656:ROIATB>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac0ce4b0c8380cd86b14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Den Avyle, M.J.","contributorId":32117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Avyle","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallin, J.E.","contributorId":37502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallin","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023678,"text":"70023678 - 2001 - Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:44:50","indexId":"70023678","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recent studies have proposed contrasting models for the plumbing system that fed the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska. Here, we investigate the conditions under which the rhyolitic part of the erupted magma last resided in the crust prior to eruption. Geothermometry suggests that the rhyolite was held at ∼800-850 °C, and analyses of melt inclusions suggest that it was fluid saturated and contained ∼4 wt% water. Hydrothermal, water-saturated experiments on rhyolite pumice reveal that at those temperatures the rhyolite was stable between 40 and 100 MPa, or a depth of 1.8-4.4 km. These results suggest that pre-eruptive storage and crystal growth of the rhyolite were shallow; if the rhyolite ascended from greater depths, it did so slowly enough for unzoned phenocrysts to grow as it passed through the shallow crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA Publications","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0775:SSCFTR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., and Gardner, J.E., 2001, Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska: Geology, v. 29, no. 9, p. 775-778, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0775:SSCFTR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Novarupta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.58425903320312,\n 58.12867056810893\n ],\n [\n -154.81658935546875,\n 58.12867056810893\n ],\n [\n -154.81658935546875,\n 58.42329156394648\n ],\n [\n -155.58425903320312,\n 58.42329156394648\n ],\n [\n -155.58425903320312,\n 58.12867056810893\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e48e4b08c986b31884a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James E.","contributorId":43243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023677,"text":"70023677 - 2001 - Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023677","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998","docAbstract":"Temporal wet-season trends from 1987 to 1998 of total N and total P concentrations (TN and TP, respectively) in 14 tributaries to the Swan-Canning Estuary in Western Australia were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall or Seasonal kendall tests. Six of the catchments drained clay soils primarily on the Darling Plateau, which borders the sandy coastal plain on the east; two rural catchments drained the coastal plain; and six urban catchments drained the coastal plain. Generally, TN and TP were lower in tributaries draining clay soils than in tributaries draining siliceous sandy soils. Annual median TN and TP were relatively constant and no trends were detected in tributaries draining clay soils. TN and TP were higher (median TN = 1.6 and TP = 0.1 mg 1-1) and more variable temporally in tributaries draining the coastal plain. Statistically significant (?? < 0.01) TN trends were detected in 50% of the urban coastal plain tributaries and most were decreasing (-0.07 to +0.53 mg 1-1 year-1). Decreasing TP trends were detected at the two rural coastal plain tributaries and two of the urban drains (-0.01 to 0.15 mg 1-1 year-1 over periods from 5 to 12 years). Flow adjustment of TN and TP was responsible for removing trends in the raw data at some sites. The inter-annual variability of TN and TP of coastal plain tributaries was also related to the proximity of the water table to the land surface, which in turn was related to the annual precipitation. Fixed-interval sampling may be able to detect TN and TP changes associated with the implementation of management strategies in sandy coastal plain catchments. Tributary sampling during rainstorms and continuous monitoring of discharge are needed to better define processes controlling nutrient flux and concentration variability, and to detect trends in the urban catchments and the clay soil catchments, primarily those draining the Darling Plateau. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.300","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Donohue, R., Davidson, W., Peters, N., Nelson, S., and Jakowyna, B., 2001, Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 13, p. 2411-2434, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.300.","startPage":"2411","endPage":"2434","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.300"},{"id":232145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb816e4b08c986b32767b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donohue, R.","contributorId":20925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohue","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, W.A.","contributorId":107065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, S.","contributorId":18138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jakowyna, B.","contributorId":80037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakowyna","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023676,"text":"70023676 - 2001 - Residence times and diel passage distributions of radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon and steelhead in a gatewell and fish collection channel of a Columbia River Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T14:58:14","indexId":"70023676","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residence times and diel passage distributions of radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon and steelhead in a gatewell and fish collection channel of a Columbia River Dam","docAbstract":"The amount of time radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead O. mykiss spent within a gatewell and the juvenile collection channel at McNary Dam, Columbia River, USA, was measured to determine the diel passage behavior and residence times within these portions of the juvenile bypass system. The median gatewell residence times were 8.9 h for juvenile chinook salmon and 3.2 h for steelhead. Juvenile spring chinook salmon spent 83% of their time in the 18-m-deep gatewell at depths of 9 m or less, and juvenile steelhead spent 96% of their time in the upper 11 m. Fish released during midday and those released in the evening generally exited the gatewell in the evening, indicating that fish entering the gatewell during daylight will have prolonged residence times. Median collection-channel residence times of juvenile chinook salmon were much shorter (2.3 min) than those of steelhead (28.0 min), most likely because of the greater size of the steelhead and the high water velocities within the channel (2.1 m/s). This and other studies indicate most juvenile salmonids enter gatewells of several Columbia and Snake river dams in the evening and pass into the collection channels quickly. However, this is not consistent with the natural in-river migration patterns of these species and represents a delay in dam passage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0455:RTADPD>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., and Maule, A., 2001, Residence times and diel passage distributions of radio-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon and steelhead in a gatewell and fish collection channel of a Columbia River Dam: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 455-463, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0455:RTADPD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"463","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207633,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0455:RTADPD>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington; Oregon","otherGeospatial":"McNary Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.17659759521486,\n 45.93443799290722\n ],\n [\n -119.25075531005858,\n 45.94995616133709\n ],\n [\n -119.29813385009764,\n 45.94900132254879\n ],\n [\n -119.31427001953125,\n 45.940168283978565\n ],\n [\n -119.37091827392578,\n 45.933960441921585\n ],\n [\n -119.39495086669923,\n 45.92870710966921\n ],\n [\n -119.4093704223633,\n 45.92560263399712\n ],\n [\n -119.41349029541016,\n 45.91127203324223\n ],\n [\n -119.38018798828125,\n 45.91294412737392\n ],\n [\n -119.32147979736328,\n 45.92822950933618\n ],\n [\n -119.28474426269531,\n 45.92536382097966\n ],\n [\n -119.23118591308595,\n 45.92321445755893\n ],\n [\n -119.18312072753908,\n 45.91604931139518\n ],\n [\n -119.16492462158203,\n 45.91867663909007\n ],\n [\n -119.16458129882811,\n 45.936586921453284\n ],\n [\n -119.17659759521486,\n 45.93443799290722\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa972e4b0c8380cd85dd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023674,"text":"70023674 - 2001 - Statistical properties of relative weight distributions of four salmonid species and their sampling implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023674","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical properties of relative weight distributions of four salmonid species and their sampling implications","docAbstract":"We assessed relative weight (Wr) distributions among 291 samples of stock-to-quality-length brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and cutthroat trout O. clarki from lentic and lotic habitats. Statistics describing Wr sample distributions varied slightly among species and habitat types. The average sample was leptokurtotic and slightly skewed to the right with a standard deviation of about 10, but the shapes of Wr distributions varied widely among samples. Twenty-two percent of the samples had nonnormal distributions, suggesting the need to evaluate sample distributions before applying statistical tests to determine whether assumptions are met. In general, our findings indicate that samples of about 100 stock-to-quality-length fish are needed to obtain confidence interval widths of four Wr units around the mean. Power analysis revealed that samples of about 50 stock-to-quality-length fish are needed to detect a 2% change in mean Wr at a relatively high level of power (beta = 0.01, alpha = 0.05).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0666:SPORWD>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Hyatt, M., and Hubert, W., 2001, Statistical properties of relative weight distributions of four salmonid species and their sampling implications: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 666-670, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0666:SPORWD>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"666","endPage":"670","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0666:SPORWD>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b973de4b08c986b31b97b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyatt, M.W.","contributorId":16195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyatt","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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