{"pageNumber":"3138","pageRowStart":"78425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184880,"records":[{"id":70023008,"text":"70023008 - 2001 - Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:48:52.688815","indexId":"70023008","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland","docAbstract":"<p>The introduction of nonnative plant species may decrease ecosystem stability by altering the availability of nitrogen (N) for plant growth. Invasive species can impact N availability by changing litter quantity and quality, rates of N<sub>2</sub>-fixation, or rates of N loss. We quantified the effects of invasion by the annual grass <i>Bromus tectorum</i> on N cycling in an arid grassland on the Colorado Plateau (USA). The invasion occurred in 1994 in two community types in an undisturbed grassland. This natural experiment allowed us to measure the immediate responses following invasion without the confounding effects of previous disturbance. Litter biomass and the C:N and lignin:N ratios were measured to determine the effects on litter dynamics. Long-term soil incubations (415 d) were used to measure potential microbial respiration and net N mineralization. Plant-available N was quantified for two years in situ with ion-exchange resin bags, and potential changes in rates of gaseous N loss were estimated by measuring denitrification enzyme activity. <i>Bromus</i> invasion significantly increased litter biomass, and <i>Bromus</i> litter had significantly greater C:N and lignin:N ratios than did native species. The change in litter quantity and chemistry decreased potential rates of net N mineralization in sites with <i>Bromus</i> by decreasing nitrogen available for microbial activity. Inorganic N was 50% lower on <i>Hilaria</i> sites with <i>Bromus</i> during the spring of 1997, but no differences were observed during 1998. The contrasting differences between years are likely due to moisture availability; spring precipitation was 15% greater than average during 1997, but 52% below average during spring of 1998. <i>Bromus</i> may cause a short-term decrease in N loss by decreasing substrate availability and denitrification enzyme activity, but N loss is likely to be greater in invaded sites in the long term because of increased fire frequency and greater N volatilization during fire. We hypothesize that the introduction of <i>Bromus</i> in conjunction with land-use change has established a series of positive feedbacks that will decrease N availability and alter species composition.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1301:EPIAND]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Evans, R., Rimer, R., Sperry, L., and Belnap, J., 2001, Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland: Ecological Applications, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1301-1310, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1301:EPIAND]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1301","endPage":"1310","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0db0e4b0c8380cd53147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, R.D.","contributorId":48735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rimer, R.","contributorId":96457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sperry, L.","contributorId":18147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023047,"text":"70023047 - 2001 - The aquatic fate of triclopyr in whole-pond treatments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T14:30:20","indexId":"70023047","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3035,"text":"Pest Management Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The aquatic fate of triclopyr in whole-pond treatments","docAbstract":"The aquatic fate of the triethylamine salt formulation of triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) was determined in whole-pond applications in closed (no water exchange) systems in California, Missouri and Texas in two studies conducted in 1995 and 1996. These studies determined dissipation rates of triclopyr and its principal metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (tcp) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-methoxypyridine (tmp) in water, sediment and finfish. Ponds at each site containing a healthy biological community were treated at 2.5 mg AE litre-1 triclopyr. Water and sediment samples were collected through 12 weeks post-treatment, and non-target animals were collected through 4 weeks post-treatment. Dissipation rates for triclopyr, TCP and TMP were similar at each of the study sites, despite differences in weather, water quality, biotic community, light transmission and geographic location. Half-lives of triclopyr in water ranged from 5.9 to 7.5 days, while those of TCP and TMP ranged from 4 to 8.8 and 4 to 10 days, respectively. Levels of triclopyr and TCP declined in sediments at half-lives ranging from 2.8 to 4.6 days and 3.8 to 13.3 days, respectively. No TMP was detected in sediment. Triclopyr and TCP cleared from fish in relation to concentrations found in the water column. TMP levels in fish were generally an order of magnitude higher than levels of triclopyr and TCP, particularly in the visceral portion of the animals. No adverse effects on water quality or on the non-target biotic community were found following triclopyr applications. Results of these studies were comparable to those of triclopyr dissipation studies conducted in reservoirs, lakes and riverine systems in Georgia, Florida, Minnesota and Washington, indicating that the degradation and dissipation of triclopyr and its metabolites are similar in representative systems throughout the USA. ?? 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ps.343","issn":"1526498X","usgsCitation":"Petty, D., Skogerboe, J., Getsinger, K., Foster, D., Houtman, B., Fairchild, J., and Anderson, L.W., 2001, The aquatic fate of triclopyr in whole-pond treatments: Pest Management Science, v. 57, no. 9, p. 764-775, https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.343.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"764","endPage":"775","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.343"}],"volume":"57","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9c9e4b08c986b3224f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, D.G.","contributorId":30008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skogerboe, J.G.","contributorId":59994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skogerboe","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Getsinger, K.D.","contributorId":103047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getsinger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, D.R.","contributorId":27233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houtman, B.A.","contributorId":62378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houtman","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, L. W.","contributorId":68822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023477,"text":"70023477 - 2001 - Triggered earthquakes and the 1811-1812 New Madrid, central United States, earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"70023477","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Triggered earthquakes and the 1811-1812 New Madrid, central United States, earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"The 1811-1812 New Madrid, central United States, earthquake sequence included at least three events with magnitudes estimated at well above M 7.0. I discuss evidence that the sequence also produced at least three substantial triggered events well outside the New Madrid Seismic Zone, most likely in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. The largest of these events is estimated to have a magnitude in the low to mid M 5 range. Events of this size are large enough to cause damage, especially in regions with low levels of preparedness. Remotely triggered earthquakes have been observed in tectonically active regions in recent years, but not previously in stable continental regions. The results of this study suggest, however, that potentially damaging triggered earthquakes may be common following large mainshocks in stable continental regions. Thus, in areas of low seismic activity such as central/ eastern North America, the hazard associated with localized source zones might be more far reaching than previously recognized. The results also provide additional evidence that intraplate crust is critically stressed, such that small stress changes are especially effective at triggering earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000259","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., 2001, Triggered earthquakes and the 1811-1812 New Madrid, central United States, earthquake sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 6, p. 1574-1581, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000259.","startPage":"1574","endPage":"1581","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478902,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140804-075615515","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207322,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000259"}],"volume":"91","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb850e4b08c986b3277c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023077,"text":"70023077 - 2001 - NEHRP soil classifications for estimating site-dependent seismic coefficients in the Upper Mississippi Embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023077","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NEHRP soil classifications for estimating site-dependent seismic coefficients in the Upper Mississippi Embayment","docAbstract":"Local soil conditions have a profound influence on the characteristics of ground shaking during an earthquake. Exceptionally deep soil deposits, on the order of 100-1000 m deep, are found in the Upper Mississippi Embayment of the central United States. Shear waves (SH) from earthquakes in the New Madrid seismic zone are expected to be strongly affected by the sharp impedance contrasts at the bedrock/sediment interface, attenuation of seismic waves in the soil column, and the SH-wave velocities of the more poorly consolidated near-surface (???50 m) soils. SH-wave velocities of the near-surface soils at nearly 400 sites in the Upper Mississippi Embayment were determined using conventional seismic SH-wave refraction and reflection techniques. Based on the average SH-wave velocities of the upper 30 m of the soils, sites in the Mississippi River floodplain portion of the study area are predominantly classified as Site Class D (180-360 m/s) in accordance with the 1997 NEHRP provisions. Sites away from the active floodplains in western Kentucky and western Tennessee, the SH-wave velocities of the upper 30 m of soils typically ranged from mid-200 to mid-300 m/s. Several sites in western Kentucky had averaged SH-wave velocities greater than 360 m/s, thereby qualifying them as Site Class C (360-760 m/s) in accordance with the 1997 NEHRP provisions. One dimensional site effects, including amplification and dynamic site period, were calculated for a representative suite of sites across the Upper Mississippi Embayment at latitude ?? 38.5??. Although seismic attenuation is greater in the Mississippi River floodplain (i.e. thicker, lower velocity material), the site effects tend to be greater than in the uplands of western Tennessee because of larger impedance contrasts within the near-surface soils. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00057-6","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Street, R., Woolery, E., Wang, Z., and Harris, J.B., 2001, NEHRP soil classifications for estimating site-dependent seismic coefficients in the Upper Mississippi Embayment: Engineering Geology, v. 62, no. 1-3, p. 123-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00057-6.","startPage":"123","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208224,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00057-6"},{"id":233807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a613ee4b0c8380cd7187f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Street, R.","contributorId":35097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Street","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woolery, E.W.","contributorId":53548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolery","given":"E.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, J. B.","contributorId":80441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023069,"text":"70023069 - 2001 - Root proliferation in decaying roots and old root channels: A nutrient conservation mechanism in oligotrophic mangrove forests?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T10:55:46","indexId":"70023069","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Root proliferation in decaying roots and old root channels: A nutrient conservation mechanism in oligotrophic mangrove forests?","docAbstract":"1. In oligotrophic habitats, proliferation of roots in nutrient-rich microsites may contribute to overall nutrient conservation by plants. Peat-based soils on mangrove islands in Belize are characterized by the presence of decaying roots and numerous old root channels (0.1-3.5 cm diameter) that become filled with living and highly branched roots of Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia germinans. The objectives of this study were to quantify the proliferation of roots in these microsites and to determine what causes this response. 2. Channels formed by the refractory remains of mangrove roots accounted for only 1-2% of total soil volume, but the proportion of roots found within channels varied from 9 to 24% of total live mass. Successive generations of roots growing inside increasingly smaller root channels were also found. 3. When artificial channels constructed of PVC pipe were buried in the peat for 2 years, those filled with nutrient-rich organic matter had six times more roots than empty or sand-filled channels, indicating a response to greater nutrient availability rather than to greater space or less impedance to root growth. 4. Root proliferation inside decaying roots may improve recovery of nutrients released from decomposing tissues before they can be leached or immobilized in this intertidal environment. Greatest root proliferation in channels occurred in interior forest zones characterized by greater soil waterlogging, which suggests that this may be a strategy for nutrient capture that minimizes oxygen losses from the whole root system. 5. Improved efficiency of nutrient acquisition at the individual plant level has implications for nutrient economy at the ecosystem level and may explain, in part, how mangroves persist and grow in nutrient-poor environments.","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00606.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"McKee, K., 2001, Root proliferation in decaying roots and old root channels: A nutrient conservation mechanism in oligotrophic mangrove forests?: Journal of Ecology, v. 89, no. 5, p. 876-887, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00606.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"876","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Belize","volume":"89","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae89e4b0c8380cd87109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023068,"text":"70023068 - 2001 - Pesticides in the hydrologic system - What do we know and what's next?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023068","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in the hydrologic system - What do we know and what's next?","docAbstract":"Even though the occurrence and behaviour of pesticides in the environment have been studied for decades, water-quality managers and the public still demand more complete and consistent information, and there are many unanswered questions for environmental scientists. In many respects, the greatest potential for unintended adverse effects of pesticides is through contamination of the hydrologic system, which supports aquatic life and related food chains and is used for recreation, drinking water, and many other purposes. The movement of water is one of the primary mechanisms by which pesticides are transported from targeted application areas to other parts of the environment; thus, there is potential for movement into and through all components of the hydrologic system. Extensive reviews of existing information on pesticides in the hydrologic system, including the atmosphere (Majewski and Capel, 1995), ground water (Barbash and Resek, 1996), surface water (Larson et al., 1997), and fluvial sediments and aquatic biota (Nowell et al., 1999), uncovered volumes of useful information, but also noted critical information gaps. For example: (a) relatively few pesticides have been thoroughly studied, particularly transformation products; (b) most data have been collected for small-scale site and field studies in agricultural areas; (c) urban areas have received little attention for monitoring or research; (d) the geographic and temporal distributions of data collection have been highly uneven; and (e) comparing and synthesizing results from most studies is difficult because of inconsistent approaches to data collection and chemical analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.501","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., 2001, Pesticides in the hydrologic system - What do we know and what's next?: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 16, p. 3197-3201, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.501.","startPage":"3197","endPage":"3201","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.501"}],"volume":"15","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a776fe4b0c8380cd784c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023079,"text":"70023079 - 2001 - Mars Global Surveyor observations of Martian fretted terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T17:20:36.669267","indexId":"70023079","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars Global Surveyor observations of Martian fretted terrain","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Martian fretted terrain between latitudes 30° and 50°N and between 315° and 360°W has been reexamined in light of new Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data from Mars Global Surveyor. Much of the terrain in the 30°–50° latitude belt in both hemispheres has a characteristic stippled or pitted texture at MOC (1.5 m) scale. The texture appears to result from partial removal of a formerly smooth, thin deposit as a result of sublimation and deflation. A complex history of deposition and exhumation is indicated by remnants of a former, thicker cover of layered deposits. In some hollows and on some slopes, particularly those facing the pole, are smooth textured deposits outlined by an outward facing escarpment. Throughout the study area are numerous escarpments with debris flows at their base. The escarpments typically have slopes in the 20°–30° range. At the base of the escarpment is commonly a deposit with striae oriented at right angles to the escarpment. Outside this deposit is the main debris apron with a surface that typically slopes 2°–3° and complex surface textures suggestive of compression, sublimation, and deflation. The presence of undeformed impact craters indicates that the debris flows are no longer forming. Fretted valleys contain lineated fill and are poorly graded. They likely form from fluvial valleys that were initially like those elsewhere on the planet but were subsequently widened and filled by the same mass-wasting processes that formed the debris aprons. Slope reversals indicate that downvalley flow of the lineated fill is minor. The ubiquitous presence of breaks in slope formed by mass wasting and the complex surface textures that result from mass wasting, deflation, and sublimation decreases the recognizability of the shorelines formerly proposed for this area.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 2001, Mars Global Surveyor observations of Martian fretted terrain: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E10, p. 23571-23593.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"23571","endPage":"23593","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"106","issue":"E10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a520fe4b0c8380cd6c123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022974,"text":"70022974 - 2001 - Rapid arsenite oxidation by Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus: Field and laboratory investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:04:50","indexId":"70022974","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid arsenite oxidation by Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus: Field and laboratory investigations","docAbstract":"Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus, common inhabitants of terrestrial hot springs and thermally polluted domestic and industrial waters, have been found to rapidly oxidize arsenite to arsenate. Field investigations at a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park revealed conserved total arsenic transport and rapid arsenite oxidation occurring within the drainage channel. This environment was heavily colonized by Thermus aquaticus. In laboratory experiments, arsenite oxidation by cultures of Thermus aquaticus YT1 (previously isolated from Yellowstone National Park) and Thermus thermophilus HB8 was accelerated by a factor of over 100 relative to abiotic controls. Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus may therefore play a large and previously unrecognized role in determining arsenic speciation and bioavailability in thermal environments.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es010816f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Gihring, T., Druschel, G., McCleskey, R.B., Hamers, R., and Banfield, J., 2001, Rapid arsenite oxidation by Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus: Field and laboratory investigations: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 19, p. 3857-3862, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010816f.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3857","endPage":"3862","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010816f"}],"volume":"35","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94bfe4b0c8380cd815ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gihring, T.M.","contributorId":93672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gihring","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Druschel, G.K.","contributorId":62374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druschel","given":"G.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamers, R.J.","contributorId":63204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamers","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Banfield, J.F.","contributorId":48710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banfield","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023080,"text":"70023080 - 2001 - Mars' \"White Rock\" feature lacks evidence of an aqueous origin: Results from Mars Global Surveyor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T17:49:22.559376","indexId":"70023080","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars' \"White Rock\" feature lacks evidence of an aqueous origin: Results from Mars Global Surveyor","docAbstract":"<p><span>The “White Rock” feature on Mars has long been viewed as a type example for a Martian playa largely because of its apparent high albedo along with its location in a topographic basin (a crater). Data from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) demonstrate that White Rock is not anomalously bright relative to other Martian bright regions, reducing the significance of its albedo and weakening the analogy to terrestrial playas. Its thermal inertia value indicates that it is not mantled by a layer of loose dust, nor is it bedrock. The thermal infrared spectrum of White Rock shows no obvious features of carbonates or sulfates and is, in fact, spectrally flat. Images from the Mars Orbiter Camera show that the White Rock massifs are consolidated enough to retain slopes and allow the passage of saltating grains over their surfaces. Material appears to be shed from the massifs and is concentrated at the crests of nearby bedforms. One explanation for these observations is that White Rock is an eroded accumulation of compacted or weakly cemented aeolian sediment.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001329","usgsCitation":"Ruff, S.W., Christensen, P.R., Clark, R.N., Kieffer, H.H., Malin, M.C., Bandfield, J., Jakosky, B., Lane, M.D., Mellon, M.T., and Presley, M.A., 2001, Mars' \"White Rock\" feature lacks evidence of an aqueous origin: Results from Mars Global Surveyor: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E10, p. 23921-23927, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001329.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"23921","endPage":"23927","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478977,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000je001329","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"106","issue":"E10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5227e4b0c8380cd6c1cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bandfield, J. L.","contributorId":59990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jakosky, B. M.","contributorId":103003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakosky","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lane, M. D.","contributorId":94826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mellon, M. T.","contributorId":82833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Presley, M. A.","contributorId":43539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Presley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70022976,"text":"70022976 - 2001 - Bird-landscape relations in the Chihuahuan Desert: Coping with uncertainties about predictive models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T17:29:53.770218","indexId":"70022976","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird-landscape relations in the Chihuahuan Desert: Coping with uncertainties about predictive models","docAbstract":"<p>During the springs of 1995–1997, we studied birds and landscapes in the Chihuahuan Desert along part of the Texas–Mexico border. Our objectives were to assess bird–landscape relations and their interannual consistency and to identify ways to cope with associated uncertainties that undermine confidence in using such relations in conservation decision processes. Bird distributions were often significantly associated with landscape features, and many bird–landscape models were valid and useful for predictive purposes. Differences in early spring rainfall appeared to influence bird abundance, but there was no evidence that annual differences in bird abundance affected model consistency. Model consistency for richness (42%) was higher than mean model consistency for 26 focal species (mean 30%, range 0–67%), suggesting that relations involving individual species are, on average, more subject to factors that cause variation than are richness–landscape relations. Consistency of bird–landscape relations may be influenced by such factors as plant succession, exotic species invasion, bird species' tolerances for environmental variation, habitat occupancy patterns, and variation in food density or weather. The low model consistency that we observed for most species indicates the high variation in bird–landscape relations that managers and other decision makers may encounter.</p><p>The uncertainty of interannual variation in bird–landscape relations can be reduced by using projections of bird distributions from different annual models to determine the likely range of temporal and spatial variation in a species' distribution. Stochastic simulation models can be used to incorporate the uncertainty of random environmental variation into predictions of bird distributions based on bird–landscape relations and to provide probabilistic projections with which managers can weigh the costs and benefits of various decisions. Uncertainty about the true structure of bird–landscape relations (structural uncertainty) can be reduced by ensuring that models meet important statistical assumptions, designing studies with sufficient statistical power, validating the predictive ability of models, and improving model accuracy through continued field sampling and model fitting. Uncertainty associated with sampling variation (partial observability) can be reduced by ensuring that sample sizes are large enough to provide precise estimates of both bird and landscape parameters. By decreasing the uncertainty due to partial observability, managers will improve their ability to reduce structural uncertainty.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1517:BLRITC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Gutzwiller, K., and Barrow, W., 2001, Bird-landscape relations in the Chihuahuan Desert: Coping with uncertainties about predictive models: Ecological Applications, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1517-1532, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1517:BLRITC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1517","endPage":"1532","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Chihuahuan Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.5179443359375,\n              31.770207631866715\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.7596435546875,\n              31.527043924837933\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4794921875,\n              30.65681556429287\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.699462890625,\n              29.262440796698915\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.7054443359375,\n              28.44937385955666\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.02978515625,\n              28.256005619824972\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.3870849609375,\n              28.825425374477224\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.2113037109375,\n              29.171348850951507\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.5301513671875,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.48071289062499,\n              28.66649117698661\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.2996826171875,\n              27.068909095463365\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.008544921875,\n              25.78999956287362\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.55859375,\n              24.657002173279082\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.064208984375,\n              25.888878582127084\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.152099609375,\n              26.342652809380578\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.382568359375,\n              27.401032392938866\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.107421875,\n              30.306503259848835\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.898193359375,\n              30.883369321692268\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.458251953125,\n              30.38235321766959\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.435791015625,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5179443359375,\n              31.770207631866715\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1b7e4b0c8380cd4adc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutzwiller, K.J.","contributorId":78124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":11183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003602,"text":"1003602 - 2001 - Immune status of free-ranging green turtles with fibropapillomatosis from Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-07T16:17:27.574114","indexId":"1003602","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immune status of free-ranging green turtles with fibropapillomatosis from Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cell-mediated and humoral immune status of free-ranging green turtles (</span><i>Chelonia mydas</i><span>) in Hawaii (USA) with and without fibropapillomatosis (FP) were assessed. Tumored and non-tumored turtles from Kaneohe Bay (KB) on the island of Oahu and from FP-free areas on the west (Kona/Kohala) coast of the island of Hawaii were sampled from April 1998 through February 1999. Turtles on Oahu were grouped (0–3) for severity of tumors with 0 for absence of tumors, 1 for light, 2 for moderate, and 3 for most severe. Turtles were weighed, straight carapace length measured and the regression slope of weight to straight carapace length compared between groups (KB0, KB1, KB2, KB3, Kona). Blood was assayed for differential white blood cell count, hematocrit, in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in the presence of concanavalin A (ConA) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and protein electrophoresis. On Oahu, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio increased while eosinophil/monocyte ratio decreased with increasing tumors score. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation indices for ConA and PHA were significantly lower for turtles with tumor scores 2 and 3. Tumor score 3 turtles (KB3) had significantly lower hematocrit, total protein, alpha 1, alpha 2, and gamma globulins than the other four groups. No significant differences in immune status were seen between non-tumored (or KB1) turtles from Oahu and Hawaii. There was no significant difference between groups in regression slopes of body condition to carapace length. We conclude that turtles with severe FP are imunosuppressed. Furthermore, the lack of significant difference in immune status between non-tumored (and KB1) turtles from Oahu and Kona/Kohala indicates that immunosuppression may not be a prerequisite for development of FP.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.3.574","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Rameyer, R., Balazs, G.H., Cray, C., and Chang, S.P., 2001, Immune status of free-ranging green turtles with fibropapillomatosis from Hawaii: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 3, p. 574-581, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.3.574.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.3.574","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.0572854873746,\n              19.547472610430788\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.0572854873746,\n              19.414611975257927\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9163569205565,\n              19.414611975257927\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9163569205565,\n              19.547472610430788\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.0572854873746,\n              19.547472610430788\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.84503316819993,\n              21.50716924941939\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.84503316819993,\n              21.433469482441666\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.76171782572135,\n              21.433469482441666\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.76171782572135,\n              21.50716924941939\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.84503316819993,\n              21.50716924941939\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c60a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rameyer, Robert 0000-0002-2145-1746 bob_rameyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-1746","contributorId":150128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rameyer","given":"Robert","email":"bob_rameyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balazs, George H.","contributorId":127680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balazs","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7109,"text":"NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI 96818.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":313635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cray, Carolyn","contributorId":104025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cray","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chang, Sandra P.","contributorId":196915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023120,"text":"70023120 - 2001 - Thermal signature, eruption style, and eruption evolution at Pele and Pillan on Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T17:47:37.335129","indexId":"70023120","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal signature, eruption style, and eruption evolution at Pele and Pillan on Io","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Galileo spacecraft has been periodically monitoring volcanic activity on Io since June 1996, making it possible to chart the evolution of individual eruptions. We present results of coanalysis of Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) and solid-state imaging (SSI) data of eruptions at Pele and Pillan, especially from a particularly illuminating data set consisting of mutually constraining, near-simultaneous NIMS and SSI observations obtained during orbit C9 in June 1997. The observed thermal signature from each hot spot, and the way in which the thermal signature changes with time, tightly constrains the possible styles of eruption. Pele and Pillan have very different eruption styles. From September 1996 through May 1999, Pele demonstrates an almost constant total thermal output, with thermal emission spectra indicative of a long-lived, active lava lake. The NIMS Pillan data exhibit the thermal signature of a “Pillanian” eruption style, a large, vigorous eruption with associated open channel, or sheet flows, producing an extensive flow field by orbit C10 in September 1997. The high mass eruption rate, high liquidus temperature (at least 1870 K) eruption at Pillan is the best candidate so far for an active ultramafic (magnesium-rich, “komatiitic”) flow on Io, a style of eruption never before witnessed. The thermal output per unit area from Pillan is, however, consistent with the emplacement of large, open-channel flows. Magma temperature at Pele is ≥1600 K. If the magma temperature is 1600 K, it suggests a komatiitic-basalt composition. The power output from Pele is indicative of a magma volumetric eruption rate of ∼250 to 340 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Although the Pele lava lake is considerably larger than its terrestrial counterparts, the power and mass fluxes per unit area are similar to active terrestrial lava lakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001357","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Davies, A.G., Keszthelyi, L.P., Williams, D., Phillips, C.B., McEwen, A.S., Lopes, R.M., Smythe, W.D., Kamp, L., Soderblom, L., and Carlson, R.W., 2001, Thermal signature, eruption style, and eruption evolution at Pele and Pillan on Io: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E12, p. 33079-33103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001357.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"33079","endPage":"33103","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000je001357","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Io, Pele, Pillan","volume":"106","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb256e4b08c986b32573b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, A. G.","contributorId":72538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"A.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L. P.","contributorId":9291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, C. B.","contributorId":103811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lopes, R. M. C.","contributorId":49506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smythe, W. D.","contributorId":90878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kamp, L.W.","contributorId":16581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Carlson, R. W.","contributorId":85331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70023067,"text":"70023067 - 2001 - The New Madrid seismic zone: Capturing variability in seismic hazard analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T17:37:21.310664","indexId":"70023067","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The New Madrid seismic zone: Capturing variability in seismic hazard analyses","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.72.6.664","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C., 2001, The New Madrid seismic zone: Capturing variability in seismic hazard analyses: Seismological Research Letters, v. 72, no. 6, p. 664-672, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.6.664.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"664","endPage":"672","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid Seismic Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.90082640034876,\n              37.9122920114596\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.90082640034876,\n              34.988401286569015\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.38519847539389,\n              34.988401286569015\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.38519847539389,\n              37.9122920114596\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.90082640034876,\n              37.9122920114596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba84ce4b08c986b321b2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023066,"text":"70023066 - 2001 - Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-30T17:29:48.769129","indexId":"70023066","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle","docAbstract":"I examine the behavior of a two-dimensional (2-D) strike-slip fault system embedded in a 1-D elastic layer (schizosphere) overlying a uniform viscoelastic half-space (plastosphere) and within the boundaries of a finite width shear zone. The viscoelastic coupling model of Savage and Prescott [1978] considers the viscoelastic response of this system, in the absence of the shear zone boundaries, to an earthquake occurring within the upper elastic layer, steady slip beneath a prescribed depth, and the superposition of the responses of multiple earthquakes with characteristic slip occurring at regular intervals. So formulated, the viscoelastic coupling model predicts that sufficiently long after initiation of the system, (1) average fault-parallel velocity at any point is the average slip rate of that side of the fault and (2) far-field velocities equal the same constant rate. Because of the sensitivity to the mechanical properties of the schizosphere-plastosphere system (i.e., elastic layer thickness, plastosphere viscosity), this model has been used to infer such properties from measurements of interseismic velocity. Such inferences exploit the predicted behavior at a known time within the earthquake cycle. By modifying the viscoelastic coupling model to satisfy the additional constraint that the absolute velocity at prescribed shear zone boundaries is constant, I find that even though the time-averaged behavior remains the same, the spatiotemporal pattern of surface deformation (particularly its temporal variation within an earthquake cycle) is markedly different from that predicted by the conventional viscoelastic coupling model. These differences are magnified as plastosphere viscosity is reduced or as the recurrence interval of periodic earthquakes is lengthened. Application to the interseismic velocity field along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault suggests that the region behaves mechanically like a ???600-km-wide shear zone accommodating 50 mm/yr fault-parallel motion distributed between the San Andreas fault system and Eastern California Shear Zone. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000342","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2001, Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B11, p. 26541-26560, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000342.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"26541","endPage":"26560","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.96815379209215,\n              34.48443294269454\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.69349558896727,\n              34.38475956763793\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.28700144834212,\n              34.15778760857671\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.79310496396727,\n              33.692870080798244\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.00233347959211,\n              32.74622590534098\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.57386668271728,\n              33.81161930566759\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.65028269834234,\n              35.57295474555886\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.59510691709224,\n              35.653338449032404\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.96815379209215,\n              34.48443294269454\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc284e4b08c986b32abb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022977,"text":"70022977 - 2001 - TES premapping data: Slab ice and snow flurries in the Martian north polar night","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T10:00:31","indexId":"70022977","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TES premapping data: Slab ice and snow flurries in the Martian north polar night","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the 1970s, Mariner and Viking spacecraft observations of the north polar region of Mars revealed polar brightness temperatures that were significantly below the expected kinetic temperatures for CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;sublimation. For the past few decades, the scientific community has speculated as to the nature of these Martian polar cold spots. Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) thermal spectral data have shown these cold spots to result largely from fine‐grained CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and have constrained most of these cold spots to the surface (or near‐surface). Cold spot formation is strongly dependent on topography, forming preferentially near craters and on polar slopes. TES data, combined with Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) cloud data, suggest atmospheric condensates form a small fraction of the observed cold spots. TES observations of spectra close to a blackbody indicate that another major component of the polar cap is slab CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;ice; these spectrally bland regions commonly have a low albedo. The cause is uncertain but may result from most of the light being reflected toward the specular direction, from the slab ice being intrinsically dark, or from it being transparent. Regions of the cap where the difference between the brightness temperatures at 18 μm (</span><i>T</i><sub>18</sub><span>) and 25 μm (</span><i>T</i><sub>25</sub><span>) is less than 5° are taken to indicate deposits of slab ice. Slab ice is the dominant component of the polar cap at latitudes outside of the polar night.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001284","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Kieffer, H.H., Mullins, K.F., and Christensen, P.R., 2001, TES premapping data: Slab ice and snow flurries in the Martian north polar night: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E10, p. 23181-23196, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001284.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"23181","endPage":"23196","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"106","issue":"E10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba380e4b08c986b31fd1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh H.","contributorId":41137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, Kevin F.","contributorId":47950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Phillip R.","contributorId":18098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003535,"text":"1003535 - 2001 - Recent observations of the distribution and status of bluntnose darters and crystal darters in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:23","indexId":"1003535","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2555,"text":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent observations of the distribution and status of bluntnose darters and crystal darters in Iowa","docAbstract":"The distribution and status of Iowa's fishes were last extensively described in Iowa Fish and Fishing (Harlan et al. 1987). Since then, numerous fish collections have been made in Iowa's interior and bordering rivers and streams. Excluding non-native species, there have been three documented accounts of new fish species distributional records in Iowa since 1987. In this paper, I describe new collections of crystal darter (Crystallaria asprella) and bluntnose darter (Etheostoma chlorosomum) from the Mississippi River. The first documented specimen of C. asprella in Iowa was collected in Pool 11 of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) in 1995. One specimen of E. chlorosomum was collected in Pool 13 of the UMR in 1998, and another was collected in 1999. The bluntnose darter had not been collected since 1975 and was generally thought to be extirpated in Iowa.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08968381","usgsCitation":"Bowler, M., 2001, Recent observations of the distribution and status of bluntnose darters and crystal darters in Iowa: Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 108, no. 1, p. 15-18.","productDescription":"pp. 15-18","startPage":"15","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowler, M.C.","contributorId":103624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowler","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022978,"text":"70022978 - 2001 - Lessons learned from long-term ecosystem research and monitoring in alpine and subalpine basins of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T19:47:45","indexId":"70022978","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1485,"text":"Ekologia (Bratislava)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lessons learned from long-term ecosystem research and monitoring in alpine and subalpine basins of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"Long-term ecosystem research and monitoring was begun in the Loch Vale watershed of Rocky Mountain National Park in 1983, after extensive survey work to identify the best location. Then, as now, our scientific objectives were to understand natural biogeochemical cycles and variability, so that we could differentiate ecosystem changes from human-caused disturbances, such as atmospheric deposition of pollutants and climate change. We have learned many lessons, often through our mistakes, that are worth passing on. Clear scientific objectives, even for long-term monitoring, are essential. Standardized methods, including rigorous quality assurance procedures should be adhered to from the beginning of the program. All data, even those collected routinely for background records, should be scrutinized and summarized at least once a year. Freely share basic information such as weather, hydrologic, chemical, and descriptive records with other researchers who can build upon your efforts. Use many tools when asking complex ecological questions, in order to minimize bias toward specific results. Publish frequently; long-term studies do not imply there are no interim conclusions or interesting findings. Interpret findings frequently to policy makers and citizens; increased understanding of the environment and human-caused changes may improve natural resource management, and build support for ecological research. And finally, be persistent. Long-term ecological research can be frustrating and difficult to maintain, yet is often the best way to observe and understand ecological change on a meaningful time scale.","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Landscape Ecology of Slovak Academy of Sciences","issn":"1335342X","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., 2001, Lessons learned from long-term ecosystem research and monitoring in alpine and subalpine basins of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA: Ekologia (Bratislava), v. 20, no. Supplement 2, p. 25-30.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","volume":"20","issue":"Supplement 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a465ce4b0c8380cd6761d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022980,"text":"70022980 - 2001 - Crustal deformation rates in Central and Eastern U.S. inferred from GPS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T13:57:24","indexId":"70022980","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal deformation rates in Central and Eastern U.S. inferred from GPS","docAbstract":"<p>Analysis of continuous GPS observations between 1996 and 2000 at 62 stations distributed throughout the central and eastern United States suggests that the area is generally stable. Seven of the 62 stations show anomalous velocities, but there is reason to suspect their monument stability. Assuming the remaining 55 stations are stable with respect to interior North America, we have found the North America-ITRF97 Euler vector (-1.88<sup>o</sup> ± 1.04<sup>o</sup>N, 77.67<sup>o</sup> ± 0.39<sup>o</sup>W, 0.201<sup>o</sup> ± 0.004<sup>o</sup> Myr<sup>-1</sup>) that minimizes the RMS station velocity. Referred to fixed North America, all of these velocities are less than 3.2 mm yr-1. Motion of several stations suggests the Mississippi embayment may be moving southward away from the rest of the continent at a rate of 1.7±0.9 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>. The motion of the embayment produces a large gradient in velocity which, in turn, implies the highest seismic moment accumulation rate that we found. Although the highest rate is only marginally significant, the fact that it occurs near New Madrid, where earthquake risk is thought to be high, argues that the anomaly may be real. Nevertheless, the identification of the anomaly remains tentative.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001GL013266","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Gan, W., and Prescott, W., 2001, Crustal deformation rates in Central and Eastern U.S. inferred from GPS: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 19, p. 3733-3736, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013266.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3733","endPage":"3736","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013266"}],"volume":"28","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcdde4b0c8380cd4e493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gan, Weijun","contributorId":33083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gan","given":"Weijun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003599,"text":"1003599 - 2001 - Size characteristics of stones ingested by common loons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T14:33:02","indexId":"1003599","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size characteristics of stones ingested by common loons","docAbstract":"<p>Common Loon (Gavia immer) carcasses recovered in New England had more stones of greater combined mass in their stomachs than loons from the southeastern United States. Stones retained in sieves with mesh sizes between 4.75 and 8.00 mm accounted for the greatest percentage (by mass) of grit in loon stomachs. The median longest dimension of the largest single stone in each stomach was 12.5 mm in loons from New England and 10.7 mm in loons from the southeast (maximum = 23.1 mm and 16.8 mm, respectively). A recent national proposal to restrict the use of certain fishing weights in the United States called for a ban on lead fishing sinkers of 25.4 mm or less in any dimension. Our findings suggest it is unlikely that Common Loons would ingest lead fishing weights greater than 25.4 mm in any dimension, if such ingestion was solely the result of their search for replacement stones for their stomachs. However, this does not preclude the possibility that loons may ingest larger fishing weights under other circumstances, such as the consumption of fish with attached sinkers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0189:SCOSIB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., Hansen, S.P., Pokras, M., and Miconi, R., 2001, Size characteristics of stones ingested by common loons: The Condor, v. 103, no. 1, p. 189-191, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0189:SCOSIB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0189:scosib]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.54248046875,\n              45.10454630976873\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.6083984375,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.65234375,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.32275390625,\n              43.27720532212024\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.6962890625,\n              42.08191667830631\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.63037109375,\n              41.178653972331695\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.5205078125,\n              41.02964338716638\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.02636718749999,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.455078125,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.64208984375,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9609375,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.697265625,\n              41.3108238809182\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8291015625,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.98291015625,\n              42.17968819665961\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.42236328125,\n              42.17968819665961\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7958984375,\n              42.391008609205045\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.42236328125,\n              42.65012181368025\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.59814453125,\n              42.84375132629021\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.07080078125,\n              43.58039085560786\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.48876953125,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.0166015625,\n              44.69989765840318\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.81884765625,\n              44.87144275016589\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.236328125,\n              45.38301927899065\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.587890625,\n              45.98169518512228\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.763671875,\n              47.18971246448421\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.3349609375,\n              47.487513008956554\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.2578125,\n              47.5913464767971\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.54345703125,\n              47.428087261714275\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.93896484375,\n              46.99524110694596\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.33447265624999,\n              46.45299704748289\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.6201171875,\n              46.11894150610708\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.72998046875,\n              45.73685954736049\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.08154296875,\n              45.44471679159555\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.630859375,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6748046875,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.57568359375,\n              45.042478050891546\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.54248046875,\n              45.10454630976873\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.4189453125,\n              34.92197103616377\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4189453125,\n              35.263561862152095\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91357421875,\n              35.7286770448517\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14453125,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7490234375,\n              36.08462129606931\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.93603515625,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82617187499999,\n              36.70365959719456\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7177734375,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.05859375,\n              35.33529320309331\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3662109375,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1572265625,\n              34.70549341022544\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5966796875,\n              34.415973384481866\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              34.57895241036945\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              34.252676117101515\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.11279296875,\n              33.742612777346885\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.50830078125,\n              33.65120829920497\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.716796875,\n              34.72355492704219\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              34.74161249883172\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2548828125,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2216796875,\n              35.137879119634185\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.03466796874999,\n              34.90395296559004\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4189453125,\n              34.92197103616377\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.69287109375,\n              31.090574094954192\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.96826171874999,\n              31.12819929911196\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.7705078125,\n              30.845647420182598\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.15576171875,\n              30.675715404167743\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0458984375,\n              30.883369321692268\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.36474609375,\n              30.770159115784214\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              28.9600886880068\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              28.555576049185973\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.48583984375,\n              28.188243641850313\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              26.88288045572338\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9365234375,\n              26.03704188651584\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.068359375,\n              25.304303764403617\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1123046875,\n              24.966140159912975\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.44189453125,\n              24.686952411999155\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.123046875,\n              24.507143283102856\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              24.5271348225978\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.7822265625,\n              24.427145340082046\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.93603515625,\n              24.487148563173438\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              24.766784522874453\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.45263671875,\n              24.886436490787688\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.18896484375,\n              24.966140159912975\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.40869140625,\n              25.264568475331583\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.45263671875,\n              25.64152637306577\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.80419921875,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.02392578125,\n              26.13571361317392\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.02392578125,\n              26.37218544169559\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.37548828125,\n              26.391869671769022\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.50732421875,\n              26.88288045572338\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.81494140625,\n              27.35225293806387\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0126953125,\n              27.858503954841247\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94677734375,\n              28.323724553546015\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7490234375,\n              28.767659105691255\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0126953125,\n              29.05616970274342\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.43017578125,\n              29.420460341013133\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.73779296875,\n              29.7453016622136\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.935546875,\n              29.878755346037977\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.35302734375,\n              29.80251790576445\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.83642578125,\n              29.649868677972304\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1220703125,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.67138671875,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.84716796875,\n              29.821582720575016\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.89111328125,\n              30.012030680358613\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.2646484375,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.59423828125,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.12158203125,\n              30.164126343161097\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              30.164126343161097\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.69287109375,\n              31.090574094954192\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d3e4b07f02db548d7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":140358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":313627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Scott P.","contributorId":79837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pokras, Mark","contributorId":111818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pokras","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miconi, Rose","contributorId":77095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miconi","given":"Rose","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023019,"text":"70023019 - 2001 - Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T20:49:30","indexId":"70023019","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest","docAbstract":"Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (soil respiration), net CO2 exchange after photosynthetic uptake by ground-cover plants, and soil CO2 concentration versus depth below land surface were measured at four ages of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest in central Saskatchewan. Soil respiration was smallest at a clear-cut site, largest in an 8-year-old stand, and decreased with stand age in 20-year-old and mature (60-75 years old) stands during May-September 1994 (12.1, 34.6, 31.5, and 24.9 mol C??m-2, respectively). Simulations of soil respiration at each stand based on continuously recorded soil temperature were within one standard deviation of measured flux for 48 of 52 measurement periods, but were 10%-30% less than linear interpolations of measured flux for the season. This was probably due to decreased soil respiration at night modeled by the temperature-flux relationships, but not documented by daytime chamber measurements. CO2 uptake by ground-cover plants ranged from 0 at the clear-cut site to 29, 25, and 9% of total growing season soil respiration at the 8-year, 20-year, and mature stands. CO2 concentrations were as great as 7150 ppmv in the upper 1 m of unsaturated zone and were proportional to measured soil respiration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-31-9-1540","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., and Wickland, K., 2001, Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 1540-1550, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-31-9-1540.","startPage":"1540","endPage":"1550","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208049,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-31-9-1540"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9217e4b08c986b319cc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wickland, K.P. 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":10786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022992,"text":"70022992 - 2001 - Pb isotopes and toxic metals in floodplain and stream sediments from the Volturno river basin, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022992","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb isotopes and toxic metals in floodplain and stream sediments from the Volturno river basin, Italy","docAbstract":"We present results of a stratigraphic and environmental geochemistry study of the eastern sector of the Volturno river basin (Italy) using stream sediment and floodplain drill core samples. The cores, dated back to 7,000 years B.P., have been used to evaluate background (baseline) values. Pb isotopic compositions and toxic metal abundances have been determined to discriminate natural versus anthropogenic sources. The Pb isotopic compositions of the stream sediments overlap the values of Pb in petrol. The results from both stream sediment and drill core samples plot along a mixing line between the field that characterizes the volcanic rocks outcropping in the area (the natural component) and the Pb isotopic composition of petrol used in western Europe. Results suggest a prevalent contribution of the natural component for the Pb in the drill core samples and a prevailing anthropogenic component for the Pb isotopic compositions in the active stream sediments samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002540100349","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"DeVivo, B., Somma, R., Ayuso, R., Calderoni, G., Lima, A., Pagliuca, S., and Sava, A., 2001, Pb isotopes and toxic metals in floodplain and stream sediments from the Volturno river basin, Italy: Environmental Geology, v. 41, no. 1-2, p. 101-112, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540100349.","startPage":"101","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540100349"},{"id":233617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75f9e4b0c8380cd77e56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeVivo, B.","contributorId":90082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVivo","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Somma, R.","contributorId":72977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somma","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calderoni, G.","contributorId":13014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calderoni","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lima, A.","contributorId":74884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lima","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pagliuca, S.","contributorId":91893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagliuca","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sava, A.","contributorId":26113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sava","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023065,"text":"70023065 - 2001 - Geological processes and evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023065","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geological processes and evolution","docAbstract":"Geological mapping and establishment of stratigraphic relationships provides an overview of geological processes operating on Mars and how they have varied in time and space. Impact craters and basins shaped the crust in earliest history and as their importance declined, evidence of extensive regional volcanism emerged during the Late Noachian. Regional volcanism characterized the Early Hesperian and subsequent to that time, volcanism was largely centered at Tharsis and Elysium, continuing until the recent geological past. The Tharsis region appears to have been largely constructed by the Late Noachian, and represents a series of tectonic and volcanic centers. Globally distributed structural features representing contraction characterize the middle Hesperian. Water-related processes involve the formation of valley networks in the Late Noachian and into the Hesperian, an ice sheet at the south pole in the middle Hesperian, and outflow channels and possible standing bodies of water in the northern lowlands in the Late Hesperian and into the Amazonian. A significant part of the present water budget occurs in the present geologically young polar layered terrains. In order to establish more firmly rates of processes, we stress the need to improve the calibration of the absolute timescale, which today is based on crater count systems with substantial uncertainties, along with a sampling of rocks of unknown provenance. Sample return from carefully chosen stratigraphic units could calibrate the existing timescale and vastly improve our knowledge of Martian evolution.","largerWorkTitle":"Space Science Reviews","language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1011953424736","issn":"00386308","usgsCitation":"Head, J., Greeley, R., Golombek, M., Hartmann, W., Hauber, E., Jaumann, R., Masson, P., Neukum, G., Nyquist, L., and Carr, M.H., 2001, Geological processes and evolution, <i>in</i> Space Science Reviews, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 263-292, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011953424736.","startPage":"263","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011953424736"},{"id":233658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a227ae4b0c8380cd5709d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Head, J.W.","contributorId":67982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartmann, W.K.","contributorId":96002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartmann","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hauber, E.","contributorId":81659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauber","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Masson, P.","contributorId":21318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nyquist, L.E.","contributorId":28045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nyquist","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70023020,"text":"70023020 - 2001 - GPS constraints on M 7-8 earthquake recurrence times for the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T17:53:06.235124","indexId":"70023020","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GPS constraints on M 7-8 earthquake recurrence times for the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>Newman&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>&nbsp;(</span><a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"REF14\">1999</a><span>) estimate the time interval between the 1811–1812 earthquake sequence near New Madrid, Missouri and a future similar sequence to be at least 2,500 years, an interval significantly longer than other recently published estimates. To calculate the recurrence time, they assume that slip on a vertical half-plane at depth contributes to the current interseismic motion of GPS benchmarks. Compared to other plausible fault models, the half-plane model gives nearly the maximum rate of ground motion for the same interseismic slip rate. Alternative models with smaller interseismic fault slip area can satisfy the present GPS data by having higher slip rate and thus can have earthquake recurrence times much less than 2,500 years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.72.6.745","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Stuart, W., 2001, GPS constraints on M 7-8 earthquake recurrence times for the New Madrid seismic zone: Seismological Research Letters, v. 72, no. 6, p. 745-753, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.6.745.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"753","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233433,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid Seismic Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.10571159863278,\n              37.930112297279265\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.10571159863278,\n              34.99238193834901\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.13148510603605,\n              34.99238193834901\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.13148510603605,\n              37.930112297279265\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.10571159863278,\n              37.930112297279265\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a147ae4b0c8380cd54a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart, W.D.","contributorId":65865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023062,"text":"70023062 - 2001 - Predictive modeling of flow and transport in a two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale, heterogeneous porous medium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:09:41","indexId":"70023062","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive modeling of flow and transport in a two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale, heterogeneous porous medium","docAbstract":"<p><span>As a first step toward understanding the role of sedimentary structures in flow and transport through porous media, this work deterministically examines how small‐scale laboratory‐measured values of hydraulic conductivity relate to in situ values of simple, artificial structures in an intermediate‐scale (10 m long), two‐dimensional, heterogeneous, laboratory experiment. Results were judged based on how well simulations using measured values of hydraulic conductivities matched measured hydraulic heads, net flow, and transport through the tank. Discrepancies were investigated using sensitivity analysis and nonlinear regression estimates of the in situ hydraulic conductivity that produce the best fit to measured hydraulic heads and net flow. Permeameter and column experiments produced laboratory measurements of hydraulic conductivity for each of the sands used in the intermediate‐scale experiments. Despite explicit numerical representation of the heterogeneity the laboratory‐measured values underestimated net flow by 12–14% and were distinctly smaller than the regression‐estimated values. The significance of differences in measured hydraulic conductivity values was investigated by comparing variability of transport predictions using the different measurement methods to that produced by different realizations of the heterogeneous distribution. Results indicate that the variations in measured hydraulic conductivity were more important to transport than variations between realizations of the heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000242","usgsCitation":"Barth, G.R., Hill, M.C., Illangasekare, T.H., and Rajaram, H., 2001, Predictive modeling of flow and transport in a two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale, heterogeneous porous medium: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 10, p. 2503-2512, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000242.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2503","endPage":"2512","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000242","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8201e4b0c8380cd7b849","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, Gilbert R.","contributorId":15374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Illangasekare, Tissa H.","contributorId":194933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Illangasekare","given":"Tissa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rajaram, Harihar","contributorId":194934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajaram","given":"Harihar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023060,"text":"70023060 - 2001 - Degradation of mangrove tissues and implications for peat formation in Belizean island forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023060","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degradation of mangrove tissues and implications for peat formation in Belizean island forests","docAbstract":"1. Macrofaunal leaf consumption and degradation of leaves, woody twigs and roots were studied in mangrove island forests on a Belizean island. Factors influencing accumulation of organic matter deposited both above and below ground in this oligotrophic, autochothonous system were assessed. 2. Leaf degradation rates of Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove), Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) and Laguncularia racemosa (white mangrove) measured in mesh bags, were much faster in the lower than the upper intertidal zone. Mass loss was most rapid in A. germinans but zonal effects were much larger than species differences. 3. Exposure to invertebrates such as crabs and amphipods tripled overall rates of leaf litter breakdown. In the lower intertidal, crabs completely consumed some unbagged leaves within 23 days. Crabs also had an effect on some upper intertidal sites, where degradation of leaves placed in artificial burrows was 2.4 times faster than when placed on the soil surface. 4. In contrast to leaves (27??5% remaining after 230 days), roots and woody twigs were highly refractory (40??2% and 51??6% remaining after 584 and 540 days, respectively). Root degradation did not vary by soil depth, zone or species. Twigs of R. mangle and A. germinans degraded faster on the ground than in the canopy, whereas those of L. racemosa were highly resistant to decay regardless of position. 5. Peat formation at Twin Cays has occurred primarily through deposition and slow turnover of mangrove roots, rather than above-ground tissues that are either less abundant (woody twigs) or more readily removed (leaves).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00602.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., and McKee, K., 2001, Degradation of mangrove tissues and implications for peat formation in Belizean island forests: Journal of Ecology, v. 89, no. 5, p. 818-828, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00602.x.","startPage":"818","endPage":"828","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489744,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00602.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208123,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00602.x"},{"id":233586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe56e4b0c8380cd4eca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B.A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":89108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.A.","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}