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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estudios de la zona no saturada del suelo, v. VI","publisher":"Instituto technologico de Castilla y Leon","publisherLocation":"Spain","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2003, How fast does water flow in an unsaturated macropore? Evidence from field and lab experiments, chap. of Estudios de la zona no saturada del suelo, v. VI.","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ed2be4b034bf6a803b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70198771,"text":"70198771 - 2003 - Microbial degradation of atmospheric halocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:49:53","indexId":"70198771","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T08:59:47","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Microbial degradation of atmospheric halocarbons","docAbstract":"Halocarbons are present in the atmosphere at parts-per-trillion (ppt) mixing ratios and are represented by such substances as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlolofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and methyl halides like methyl bromide (MeBr) and their further substituted halomethane analogues (e. g., dibromomethane, bromoform). Many Halocarbons have only an anthropogenic origin (e.g., CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs) whereas others are of mixed anthropogenic and natural origin (e.g., MeBr). The molecular composition of the various CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs can be deduced from their numerical classification by adding 90 to their designated numbers. The first digit (hundreds place) refers to the number of carbon atoms, the second to the number of hydrogens, and the third to the number of fluorines. For example, the molecular structure of CFC-12 is obtained from the resultant number of 102, and refers to a one carbon molecule containing no hydrogens and two fluorines. By inference from its CFC designation two chlorines must also be included. Similarly, the compound HFC-134 has a resultant sum of 224, which implies a two carbon molecule containing two hydrogens and four fluorines (tetrafluoroethane).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":" Microbiology of atmospheric trace gases","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-61096-7_6","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., 2003, Microbial degradation of atmospheric halocarbons, chap. of Microbiology of atmospheric trace gases, p. 85-101, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61096-7_6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ed2be4b034bf6a803b31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199463,"text":"70199463 - 2003 - Volatile fuel hydrocarbons and MTBE in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:55:42","indexId":"70199463","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T08:53:05","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"12","title":"Volatile fuel hydrocarbons and MTBE in the environment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on geochemistry","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/09054-X","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I.M., and Baehr, A.L., 2003, Volatile fuel hydrocarbons and MTBE in the environment, chap. 12 of Treatise on geochemistry, v. 9, p. 433-474, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/09054-X.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"474","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ed2ce4b034bf6a803b34","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lollar, B.S.","contributorId":24532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lollar","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745474,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199462,"text":"70199462 - 2003 - LC/MS analyses of cationic surfactants: Methods and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:50:28","indexId":"70199462","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T08:47:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"LC/MS analyses of cationic surfactants: Methods and applications","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analysis and fate of surfactants in the aquatic environment","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","usgsCitation":"Ferrer, I., Schroeder, H., and Furlong, E.T., 2003, LC/MS analyses of cationic surfactants: Methods and applications, chap. of Analysis and fate of surfactants in the aquatic environment, p. 353-383.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"383","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ed2ce4b034bf6a803b37","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Knepper, T.P.","contributorId":207985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knepper","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745469,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barcelo, D.","contributorId":24107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barcelo","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745470,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Voogt, P.","contributorId":207986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Voogt","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745471,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroeder, H.F.","contributorId":207984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroeder","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198590,"text":"70198590 - 2003 - Geochemistry of active and passive treatment processes used to treat mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:18:44","indexId":"70198590","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T08:14:57","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemistry of active and passive treatment processes used to treat mine drainage","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., 2003, Geochemistry of active and passive treatment processes used to treat mine drainage, chap. of Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes, v. 31, p. 335-359.","startPage":"335","endPage":"359","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98cdd6e4b0702d0e846dca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jambor, J.L.","contributorId":107460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jambor","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742266,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blowes, D.W","contributorId":195353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blowes","given":"D.W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742267,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ritchie, A.","contributorId":18517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742268,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":1245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70198589,"text":"70198589 - 2003 - Geothermal arsenic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:17:26","indexId":"70198589","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T07:58:41","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geothermal arsenic","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arsenic in ground water: Geochemistry and occurrence","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer ","publisherLocation":"Boston","isbn":"9780306479564","usgsCitation":"Webster, J.G., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2003, Geothermal arsenic, chap. of Arsenic in ground water: Geochemistry and occurrence, p. 101-125.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"125","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98cdd7e4b0702d0e846dcc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Welch, A. H.","contributorId":14836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742264,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742265,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Webster, John G.","contributorId":140126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13390,"text":"Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199231,"text":"70199231 - 2003 - Tracers in groundwater: Use of microorganisms and microspheres","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T07:22:35","indexId":"70199231","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T07:20:49","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tracers in groundwater: Use of microorganisms and microspheres","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of environmental microbiology","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/0471263397.env157","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Harms, H., 2003, Tracers in groundwater: Use of microorganisms and microspheres, chap. of Encyclopedia of environmental microbiology, https://doi.org/10.1002/0471263397.env157.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ed2ce4b034bf6a803b39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harms, Hauke","contributorId":207565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harms","given":"Hauke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198531,"text":"70198531 - 2003 - Geochemical processes controlling transport of arsenic in groundwater: A review of adsorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T09:55:51","indexId":"70198531","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T07:20:06","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemical processes controlling transport of arsenic in groundwater: A review of adsorption","docAbstract":"Adsorption is the predominate mechanism controlling transport of arsenic in many ground water systems. Hydrous oxides of iron, aluminum, and manganese, and clay minerals are commonly associated with aquifer solids and have been shown to be significant adsorbents of arsenic. The extent of arsenic adsorption is influenced by the chemistry of the aqueous phase including pH, arsenic speciation, and the presence and concentration of competing ions. Under moderately reducing conditions, trivalent arsenite is stable and adsorption increases with increasing pH. In an oxidizing environment, arsenate is stable and adsorption decreases with increasing pH. The presence of phosphate, sulfate, carbonate, silica, and other anions have been shown to decrease adsorption of arsenic to varying degrees. The effects of complex aqueous and solid phase chemistry on arsenic adsorption are best simulated using surface complexation models. Coupling of such models with hydrologic solute transport codes provide a powerful method for predicting the spatial and temporal distribution of arsenic in ground water.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arsenic in Ground Water","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/0-306-47956-7_3","usgsCitation":"Stollenwerk, K.G., 2003, Geochemical processes controlling transport of arsenic in groundwater: A review of adsorption, chap. of Arsenic in Ground Water, p. 67-100, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47956-7_3.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98cdd7e4b0702d0e846dce","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Welch, A. H.","contributorId":14836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742253,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742254,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":741806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025745,"text":"70025745 - 2003 - Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:38:20","indexId":"70025745","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2138,"text":"Journal De Physique. IV : JP","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Experiments were conducted using organic matter isolated from various surface waters in the Florida Everglades to study the interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Hg (II). Conditional distribution coefficients ( ![\"$K_{DOM^\\prime}$\"](\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img1.gif\")
), obtained using an equilibriurn dialysis ligand exchange method, were strongly affected by the Hg/DOM concentration ratio. Very strong interactions ( ![\"$K_{{\\rm](\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\")
= 10 ![\"$^{23.2](\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img3.gif\")
L kg -1), indicative of Hg-thiol bonds, were observed at Hg/DOM ratios below approximately 1 ![\"$\\mu$\"](\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\")
g Hg per mg DOM. Above approximately 10 g Hg per mg DOM much lower values ( ![\"$10^{10.7\\pm](\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img5.gif\")
L kg -1) were obtained. DOM-Hg interactions were also studied by HgS (log K ![\"$_{\\rm](\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img6.gif\")
) dissolution and precipitation experiments. In the dissolution experiments, a significant amount of Hg was released from cinnabar in the presence of DOM, suggesting strong interactions. Conversely, precipitation of HgS was strongly inhibited in the presence of low concentrations ( ![\"$\\leq$\"](\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img7.gif\")
3 mg C/L) of DOM. In both the dissolution and precipitation experiments, organic matter rich in aromatic moities was more reactive with HgS than less aromatic fractions and sulfur-containing model compounds. These results suggest that DOM can influence the geochemistry of inorganic complexes of Hg in the Everglades, especially HgS, by strong Hg-DOM binding and colloidal stabilization.
","conferenceTitle":"XII International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment","conferenceDate":"May 26-30, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Grenoble, France","language":"English","publisher":"ECO Sciences ","doi":"10.1051/jp4:20030235","issn":"11554339","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Haitzer, M., Ryan, J.N., Nagy, K., and Aiken, G., 2003, Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades: Journal De Physique. IV : JP, v. 107, no. I, p. 29-32, https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20030235.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8756103515625,\n 25.08062377244484\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 25.08062377244484\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 26.377106813670053\n ],\n [\n -81.8756103515625,\n 26.377106813670053\n ],\n [\n -81.8756103515625,\n 25.08062377244484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cc0e4b0c8380cd62fe8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boutron C.Ferrari C.","contributorId":128414,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Boutron C.Ferrari C.","id":536573,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haitzer, M.","contributorId":94812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitzer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagy, K.","contributorId":10969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":208803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025140,"text":"70025140 - 2003 - Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in transport in two Atlantic coastal plain tributaries and loadings to Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025140","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2265,"text":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in transport in two Atlantic coastal plain tributaries and loadings to Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"Concentrations of current-use pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine (OC) insecticides were determined above the reach of tide in the Chesterville Branch and Nanticoke River on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay during base-flow and storm-flow hydrologic regimes to evaluate mass transport to Chesapeake Bay. The two rivers monitored showed relatively high concentrations of atrazine, simazine, alachlor, and metolachlor in comparison to previously investigated western shore tributaries, and reflected the predominant agricultural land use in the eastern shore watersheds. The four current use pesticides showed the greatest seasonal contribution to annual loadings to tidal waters of Chesapeake Bay from the two rivers, and the relative order of annual loadings for the other contaminant classes was PAHs > PCBs > OC insecticides. Annual loadings normalized to the landscape areas of selected Chesapeake Bay watersheds showed correlations to identifiable source areas, with the highest pesticide yields (g/km2/yr) occurring in eastern shore agricultural landscapes, and the highest PAH yields derived from urban regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1081/ESE-120021119","issn":"10934529","usgsCitation":"Foster, G., Miller, C., Huff, T., and Roberts, E., 2003, Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in transport in two Atlantic coastal plain tributaries and loadings to Chesapeake Bay: Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, v. 38, no. 7, p. 1177-1200, https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120021119.","startPage":"1177","endPage":"1200","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209534,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120021119"},{"id":236097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7773e4b0c8380cd784ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, G.D.","contributorId":98464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, C.V.","contributorId":41026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huff, T.B.","contributorId":37133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roberts, E. Jr.","contributorId":96065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024699,"text":"70024699 - 2003 - Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:18:32.700036","indexId":"70024699","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed","docAbstract":" Developing a mass load estimation method appropriate for a given stream and constituent is difficult due to inconsistencies in hydrologic and constituent characteristics. The difficulty may be increased in flashy flow conditions such as karst. Many projects undertaken are constrained by budget and manpower and do not have the luxury of sophisticated sampling strategies. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine two grab sampling strategies with varying sampling intervals and determine the error in mass load estimates, and (2) determine the error that can be expected when a grab sample is collected at a time of day when the diurnal variation is most divergent from the daily mean. Results show grab sampling with continuous flow to be a viable data collection method for estimating mass load in the study watershed. Comparing weekly, biweekly, and monthly grab sampling, monthly sampling produces the best results with this method. However, the time of day the sample is collected is important. Failure to account for diurnal variability when collecting a grab sample may produce unacceptable error in mass load estimates. The best time to collect a sample is when the diurnal cycle is nearest the daily mean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04423.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Fogle, A., Taraba, J., and Dinger, J., 2003, Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1361-1372, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04423.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1361","endPage":"1372","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a524ee4b0c8380cd6c2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogle, A.W.","contributorId":96051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogle","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taraba, J.L.","contributorId":51062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taraba","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinger, J.S.","contributorId":64416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024662,"text":"70024662 - 2003 - Stable lead isotopes reveal a natural source of high lead concentrations to gasoline-contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:51:06","indexId":"70024662","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable lead isotopes reveal a natural source of high lead concentrations to gasoline-contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"Concentrations of total lead as high as 1,600 μg/L were detected in gasoline-contaminated and uncontaminated groundwater at three gasoline-release sites in South Carolina. Total lead concentrations were highest in turbid groundwater samples from gasoline-contaminated and uncontaminated wells, whereas lower turbidity groundwater samples (collected using low-flow methods) had lower total lead concentrations. Dissolved lead concentrations in all wells sampled, however, were less than 15 μg total lead/L, the current United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL). Because many total lead concentrations exceeded the MCL, the source of lead to the groundwater system at two of the three sites was investigated using a stable lead isotope ratio approach. Plots of the stable isotope ratios of lead (Pb) in groundwater as 207Pb/206Pb versus 208Pb/206Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb were similar to ratios characteristic of lead-based minerals in local rocks of the southeastern US, and were not similar to the stable lead isotopes ratios characteristic of distant lead ore deposits such as Broken Hill, Australia, used to produce tetraethyl lead in gasoline products prior to its phase-out and ban in the United States. Moreover, the isotopic composition of dissolved lead was equivalent to the isotopic composition of total lead in turbid samples collected from the same well, suggesting that the majority of the lead detected in the groundwater samples was associated with sediment particulates of indigenous aquifer material, rather than lead associated with spilled leaded gasoline. The results of this investigation indicate that (1) lead detected at some gasoline-release sites may be derived from the local aquifer material, rather than the gasoline release, and consequently may affect site-specific remediation goals; (2) non-low flow groundwater sampling methods, such as a disposable bailer, may result in turbid groundwater samples and high total lead concentrations, and; (3) stable lead isotopes can be used to clarify the source of lead detected above permissible levels in gasoline-contaminated groundwater systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00254-003-0863-5","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Bradley, P., and Bullen, T., 2003, Stable lead isotopes reveal a natural source of high lead concentrations to gasoline-contaminated groundwater: Environmental Geology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 12-22, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0863-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0863-5"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9687e4b08c986b31b578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024652,"text":"70024652 - 2003 - Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - I. Groundwater level changes revealed using state space decomposition of atmospheric pressure, rainfall and tidal responses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024652","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - I. Groundwater level changes revealed using state space decomposition of atmospheric pressure, rainfall and tidal responses","docAbstract":"For the groundwater level observed at the Haibara well, Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan, time series analysis using state-space modelling is applied to extract hydrological anomalies related to earthquakes. This method can decompose observed groundwater level time series into five components: atmospheric pressure, tidal, and precipitation responses, observation noise, and residual water level. The decomposed responses to atmospheric pressure and precipitation are independently determined and are consistent with the expected response to surface loading. In the groundwater level at the Haibara well, 28 coseismic changes can be discerned during the period from 1981 April to 1997 December. There is a threshold in the relationship between earthquake magnitude and the well-hypocentre distance, above which earthquakes cause coseismic changes in the residual water level. All of the coseismic water level changes at the Haibara well are decreases, although 33 per cent of the estimated coseismic volumetric strain steps are contraction, which would be expected to cause water level increases. The coseismic changes in groundwater level are more closely proportional to the estimated ground motion than to coseismic volumetric strain steps, suggesting that ground motion due to earthquakes is the major cause of the coseismic water level drops and that the contribution from static strain is rather small. Possible pre- or inter-earthquake water level changes have occurred at the Haibara well and may have been caused by local aseismic crustal deformation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02103.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Matsumoto, N., Kitagawa, G., and Roeloffs, E., 2003, Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - I. Groundwater level changes revealed using state space decomposition of atmospheric pressure, rainfall and tidal responses: Geophysical Journal International, v. 155, no. 3, p. 885-898, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02103.x.","startPage":"885","endPage":"898","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02103.x"},{"id":233310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36aee4b0c8380cd608fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsumoto, N.","contributorId":13788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsumoto","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitagawa, G.","contributorId":51953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitagawa","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.A.","contributorId":88742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185652,"text":"70185652 - 2003 - Assessing toxicant effects in a complex estuary--A case study of effects of silver on reproduction in the bivalve, Potamocurbula amurensis, in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T10:49:17","indexId":"70185652","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1913,"text":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing toxicant effects in a complex estuary--A case study of effects of silver on reproduction in the bivalve, Potamocurbula amurensis, in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Contaminant exposures in natural systems can be highly variable. This variability is superimposed upon cyclic variability in biological processes. Together, these factors can confound determination of contaminant effects. Long term, multidisciplined studies with high frequency sampling can be effective in overcoming such obstacles. While studying trace metal contamination in the tissues of the clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay, an episode of high Ag concentrations was identified (maximum of 5.5 µg g−1) at two mid-estuary sites. High concentrations were not seen in clams up-estuary (maximum of 1.92 µg g−1) from these sites and were reduced down-estuary (maximum of 2.67 µg g−1). Silver is not common naturally in the environment, so its elevated presence is usually indicative of anthropogenic influences such as municipal and industrial discharge. Monthly sampling of reproductive status of clams characterized the reproductive cycle and differences in the patterns of reproductive activity that corresponded to changes in Ag tissue concentrations. The proportion of reproductive clams was less than 60% during periods when tissue concentrations were high (generally >2 µg g−1). When tissue concentrations of Ag decreased (≤1 µg g−1), the proportion of reproductive clams was 80 to 100%. A comparison between the annual proportion of reproductive clams and annual Ag tissue concentrations showed a significant negative correlation. No other measured environmental variables were correlated with reproductive impairment. The weight-of-evidence approach strongly supports a cause and effect relationship between Ag contamination and reduced reproductive activity in P. amurensis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/713609854","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.L., Parchaso, F., Thompson, J.K., and Luoma, S.N., 2003, Assessing toxicant effects in a complex estuary--A case study of effects of silver on reproduction in the bivalve, Potamocurbula amurensis, in San Francisco Bay: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, v. 9, no. 1, p. 95-119, https://doi.org/10.1080/713609854.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"95","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.38906860351562,\n 38.19718009396176\n ],\n [\n -122.51815795898436,\n 38.111869281948955\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 38.00049145082287\n ],\n [\n -122.51266479492188,\n 37.90194871393947\n ],\n [\n -122.50305175781249,\n 37.84124135065978\n ],\n [\n -122.41241455078125,\n 37.667516276171426\n ],\n [\n -122.36160278320311,\n 37.568528265476075\n ],\n [\n -122.09243774414062,\n 37.41052799460727\n ],\n [\n -121.95510864257811,\n 37.41925395973696\n ],\n [\n -121.91802978515625,\n 37.46395857276409\n ],\n [\n -122.10479736328125,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -122.18170166015625,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -122.30804443359375,\n 37.91820111976663\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 37.98642201062662\n ],\n [\n -122.22427368164064,\n 38.06647354576796\n ],\n [\n -122.244873046875,\n 38.124834313825076\n ],\n [\n -122.28332519531249,\n 38.226314067139185\n ],\n [\n -122.37808227539061,\n 38.20797181420939\n ],\n [\n -122.38906860351562,\n 38.19718009396176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251ce4b0543bf7fda814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Cynthia L. clbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Cynthia","email":"clbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parchaso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":173016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchaso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185654,"text":"70185654 - 2003 - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:56:11","indexId":"70185654","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)","docAbstract":"A consistent set of internationally accepted atomic weights has long been an essential aim of the scientific community because of the relevance of these values to science and technology, as well as to trade and commerce subject to ethical, legal, and international standards. The standard atomic weights of the elements are regularly evaluated, recommended, and published in updated tables by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances (CAWIA) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). These values are invariably associated with carefully evaluated uncertainties. Atomic weights were originally determined by mass ratio measurements coupled with an understanding of chemical stoichiometry, but are now based almost exclusively on knowledge of the isotopic composition (derived from isotope-abundance ratio measurements) and the atomic masses of the isotopes of the elements. Atomic weights and atomic masses are now scaled to a numerical value of exactly 12 for the mass of the carbon isotope of mass number 12. Technological advances in mass spectrometry and nuclear-reaction energies have enabled atomic masses to be determined with a relative uncertainty of better than 1 ×10−7 . Isotope abundances for an increasing number of elements can be measured to better than 1 ×10−3 . The excellent precision of such measurements led to the discovery that many elements, in different specimens, display significant variations in their isotope-abundance ratios, caused by a variety of natural and industrial physicochemical processes. While such variations increasingly place a constraint on the uncertainties with which some standard atomic weights can be stated, they provide numerous opportunities for investigating a range of important phenomena in physical, chemical, cosmological, biological, and industrial processes. This review reflects the current and increasing interest of science in the measured differences between source-specific and even sample-specific atomic weights. These relative comparisons can often be made with a smaller uncertainty than is achieved in the best calibrated “absolute ” (=SI-traceable) atomic-weight determinations. Accurate determinations of the atomic weights of certain elements also influence the values of fundamental constants such as the Avogadro, Faraday, and universal gas constants. This review is in two parts: the first summarizes the development of the science of atomic-weight determinations during the 20th century; the second summarizes the changes and variations that have been recognized in the values and uncertainties of atomic weights, on an element-by-element basis, in the latter part of the 20th century.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry","doi":"10.1351/pac200375060683","usgsCitation":"de Laeter, J.R., Böhlke, J., De Bièvre, P., Hidaka, H., Peiser, H., Rosman, K., and Taylor, P., 2003, Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report): Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 75, no. 6, p. 683-900, https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200375060683.","productDescription":"118 p. ","startPage":"683","endPage":"900","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200375060683","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251ce4b0543bf7fda812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Laeter, John R.","contributorId":189846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Laeter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":1285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"John Karl","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Bièvre, P.","contributorId":189847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Bièvre","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hidaka, H.","contributorId":84146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidaka","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peiser, H.S.","contributorId":64303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peiser","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosman, K.J.R.","contributorId":27903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"K.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, P.D.P.","contributorId":74164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"P.D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70185657,"text":"70185657 - 2003 - CALFED: An experiment in science and decisionmaking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-28T16:14:22.114083","indexId":"70185657","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1522,"text":"Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CALFED: An experiment in science and decisionmaking","docAbstract":"The CALFED Bay-Delta Program faces a challenging assignment: to develop a collaborative state-federal management plan for the complex river system and involve multiple stakeholders (primarily municipal, agricultural, and environmental entities) whose interests frequently are in direct conflict. Although many resource-management issues involve multiple stakeholders and conflict is integral to their discussion, the CALFED experience is unique because of its shared state and federal roles, the magnitude and significance of stakeholder participation, and the complexity of the scientific issues involved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Heldref Publications","doi":"10.1080/00139150309604521","usgsCitation":"Taylor, K.A., Jacobs, K.L., and Luoma, S.N., 2003, CALFED: An experiment in science and decisionmaking: Environment, v. 45, no. 1, p. 30-41, https://doi.org/10.1080/00139150309604521.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251ce4b0543bf7fda810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-0095-6403 ktaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0095-6403","contributorId":1601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Kimberly","email":"ktaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobs, Katharine L.","contributorId":189055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194921,"text":"70194921 - 2003 - Determining temperature and thermal properties for heat-based studies of surface-water ground-water interactions: Appendix A of Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams (Cir1260)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70194921,"text":"70194921 - 2003 - Determining temperature and thermal properties for heat-based studies of surface-water ground-water interactions: Appendix A of Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams (Cir1260)","indexId":"70194921","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"Appendix A","title":"Determining temperature and thermal properties for heat-based studies of surface-water ground-water interactions: Appendix A of Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams (Cir1260)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":52668,"text":"cir1260 - 2003 - Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams","indexId":"cir1260","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":52668,"text":"cir1260 - 2003 - Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams","indexId":"cir1260","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-09T17:10:25","indexId":"70194921","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"chapter":"Appendix A","title":"Determining temperature and thermal properties for heat-based studies of surface-water ground-water interactions: Appendix A of Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams (Cir1260)","docAbstract":"Advances in electronics leading to improved sensor technologies, large-scale circuit integration, and attendant miniaturization have created new opportunities to use heat as a tracer of subsurface flow. Because nature provides abundant thermal forcing at the land surface, heat is particularly useful in studying stream-groundwater interactions. This appendix describes methods for obtaining the thermal data needed in heat-based investigations of shallow subsurface flow.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams (Cir1260)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., and Blasch, K.W., 2003, Determining temperature and thermal properties for heat-based studies of surface-water ground-water interactions: Appendix A of Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams (Cir1260), 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2003/circ1260/pdf/Circ1260.pdf#page=73"},{"id":350769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7040d8e4b06e28e9cae501","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726126,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726127,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026355,"text":"70026355 - 2003 - Characterization of lake water and ground water movement in the littoral zone of Williams Lake, a closed-basin lake in North central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:21:07","indexId":"70026355","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of lake water and ground water movement in the littoral zone of Williams Lake, a closed-basin lake in North central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Williams Lake, Minnesota is a closed‐basin lake that is a flow‐through system with respect to ground water. Ground‐water input represents half of the annual water input and most of the chemical input to the lake. Chemical budgets indicate that the lake is a sink for calcium, yet surficial sediments contain little calcium carbonate. Sediment pore‐water samplers (peepers) were used to characterize solute fluxes at the lake‐water–ground‐water interface in the littoral zone and resolve the apparent disparity between the chemical budget and sediment data. Pore‐water depth profiles of the stable isotopes δ18O and δ2H were non‐linear where ground water seeped into the lake, with a sharp transition from lake‐water values to ground‐water values in the top 10 cm of sediment. These data indicate that advective inflow to the lake is the primary mechanism for solute flux from ground water. Linear interstitial velocities determined from δ2H profiles (316 to 528 cm/yr) were consistent with velocities determined independently from water budget data and sediment porosity (366 cm/yr). Stable isotope profiles were generally linear where water flowed out of the lake into ground water. However, calcium profiles were not linear in the same area and varied in response to input of calcium carbonate from the littoral zone and subsequent dissolution. The comparison of pore‐water calcium profiles to pore‐water stable isotope profiles indicate calcium is not conservative. Based on the previous understanding that 40–50 % of the calcium in Williams Lake is retained, the pore‐water profiles indicate aquatic plants in the littoral zone are recycling the retained portion of calcium. The difference between the pore‐water depth profiles of calcium and δ18O and δ2H demonstrate the importance of using stable isotopes to evaluate flow direction and source through the lake‐water–ground‐water interface and evaluate mechanisms controlling the chemical balance of lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1211","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Schuster, P., Reddy, M., LaBaugh, J.W., Parkhurst, R., Rosenberry, D., Winter, T.C., Antweiler, R.C., and Dean, W., 2003, Characterization of lake water and ground water movement in the littoral zone of Williams Lake, a closed-basin lake in North central Minnesota: Hydrological Processes, v. 17, no. 4, p. 823-838, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1211.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"838","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1211"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Williams Lake ","volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4cde4b0c8380cd4bf1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, P. F.","contributorId":30197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaBaugh, J. W.","contributorId":23484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parkhurst, R.S.","contributorId":73625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":409145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026306,"text":"70026306 - 2003 - Surface complexation and precipitate geometry for aqueous Zn(II) sorption on ferrihydrite: II. XANES analysis and simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:52:16","indexId":"70026306","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface complexation and precipitate geometry for aqueous Zn(II) sorption on ferrihydrite: II. XANES analysis and simulation","docAbstract":"X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis of sorption complexes has the advantages of high sensitivity (10- to 20-fold greater than extended X-ray absorption fine structure [EXAFS] analysis) and relative ease and speed of data collection (because of the short k-space range). It is thus a potentially powerful tool for characterization of environmentally significant surface complexes and precipitates at very low surface coverages. However, quantitative analysis has been limited largely to “fingerprint” comparison with model spectra because of the difficulty of obtaining accurate multiple-scattering amplitudes for small clusters with high confidence.
In the present work, calculations of the XANES for 50- to 200-atom clusters of structure from Zn model compounds using the full multiple-scattering code Feff 8.0 accurately replicate experimental spectra and display features characteristic of specific first-neighbor anion coordination geometry and second-neighbor cation geometry and number. Analogous calculations of the XANES for small molecular clusters indicative of precipitation and sorption geometries for aqueous Zn on ferrihydrite, and suggested by EXAFS analysis, are in good agreement with observed spectral trends with sample composition, with Zn-oxygen coordination and with changes in second-neighbor cation coordination as a function of sorption coverage. Empirical analysis of experimental XANES features further verifies the validity of the calculations. The findings agree well with a complete EXAFS analysis previously reported for the same sample set, namely, that octahedrally coordinated aqueous Zn2+ species sorb as a tetrahedral complex on ferrihydrite with varying local geometry depending on sorption density. At significantly higher densities but below those at which Zn hydroxide is expected to precipitate, a mainly octahedral coordinated Zn2+precipitate is observed. An analysis of the multiple scattering paths contributing to the XANES demonstrates the importance of scattering paths involving the anion sublattice. We also describe the specific advantages of complementary quantitative XANES and EXAFS analysis and estimate limits on the extent of structural information obtainable from XANES analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01280-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Waychunas, G., Fuller, C.C., Davis, J., and Rehr, J., 2003, Surface complexation and precipitate geometry for aqueous Zn(II) sorption on ferrihydrite: II. XANES analysis and simulation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, no. 5, p. 1031-1043, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01280-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1031","endPage":"1043","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208572,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01280-2"}],"volume":"67","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f9ae4b08c986b31e6df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waychunas, G.A.","contributorId":90888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waychunas","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rehr, J.J.","contributorId":75310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehr","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026143,"text":"70026143 - 2003 - Applicability of tetrazolium salts for the measurement of respiratory activity and viability of groundwater bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:12:29","indexId":"70026143","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2390,"text":"Journal of Microbiological Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applicability of tetrazolium salts for the measurement of respiratory activity and viability of groundwater bacteria","docAbstract":"A study was undertaken to measure aerobic respiration by indigenous bacteria in a sand and gravel aquifer on western Cape Cod, MA using tetrazolium salts and by direct oxygen consumption using gas chromatography (GC). In groundwater and aquifer slurries, the rate of aerobic respiration calculated from the direct GC assay was more than 600 times greater than that using the tetrazolium salt 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT). To explain this discrepancy, the toxicity of INT and two additional tetrazolium salts, sodium 3′-[1-(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzenesulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC), to bacterial isolates from the aquifer was investigated. Each of the three tetrazolium salts was observed to be toxic to some of the groundwater isolates at concentrations normally used in electron transport system (ETS) and viability assays. For example, incubation of cells with XTT (3 mM) caused the density of four of the five groundwater strains tested to decline by more than four orders of magnitude. A reasonable percentage (>57%) of cells killed by CTC and INT contained visible formazan crystals (the insoluble, reduced form of the salts) after 4 h of incubation. Thus, many of the cells reduced enough CTC or INT prior to dying to be considered viable by microscopic evaluation. However, one bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens) that remained viable and culturable in the presence of INT and CTC, did not incorporate formazan crystals into more than a few percent of cells, even after 24 h of incubation. This strain would be considered nonviable based on traditional tetrazolium salt reduction assays. The data show that tetrazolium salt assays are likely to dramatically underestimate total ETS activity in groundwater and, although they may provide a reasonable overall estimate of viable cell numbers in a community of groundwater bacteria, some specific strains may be falsely considered nonviable by this assay due to poor uptake or reduction of the salts.
The objectives of this study were to determine effects of nutrient enrichment on plant growth, nutrient dynamics, and photosynthesis in a disturbed mangrove forest in an abandoned mosquito impoundment in Florida. Impounding altered the hydrology and soil chemistry of the site. In 1997, we established a factorial experiment along a tree-height gradient with three zones, i.e., fringe, transition, dwarf, and three fertilizer treatment levels, i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), control, in Mosquito Impoundment 23 on the eastern side of Indian River. Transects traversed the forest perpendicular to the shoreline, from a Rhizophora mangle-dominated fringe through an Avicennia germinans stand of intermediate height, and into a scrub or dwarf stand of A. germinans in the hinterland. Growth rates increased significantly in response to N fertilization. Our growth data indicated that this site is N-limited along the tree-height gradient. After 2 years of N addition, dwarf trees resembled vigorously growing saplings. Addition of N also affected internal dynamics of N and P and caused increases in rates of photosynthesis. These findings contrast with results for a R. mangle-dominated forest in Belize where the fringe is N-limited, but the dwarf zone is P-limited and the transition zone is co-limited by N and P. This study demonstrated that patterns of nutrient limitation in mangrove ecosystems are complex, that not all processes respond similarly to the same nutrient, and that similar habitats are not limited by the same nutrient when different mangrove forests are compared.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-002-1117-z","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Feller, I., Whigham, D., McKee, K., and Lovelock, C.E., 2003, Nitrogen limitation of growth and nutrient dynamics in a disturbed mangrove forest, Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Oecologia, v. 134, no. 3, p. 405-414, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1117-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"414","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"134","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66e7e4b0c8380cd7306d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feller, Ilka C.","contributorId":79990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feller","given":"Ilka C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whigham, D.F.","contributorId":33100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whigham","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lovelock, C. E.","contributorId":103450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelock","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026048,"text":"70026048 - 2003 - Characterizing aquatic health using salmonid mortality, physiology, and biomass estimates in streams with elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the Boulder River Watershed, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T07:42:03","indexId":"70026048","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing aquatic health using salmonid mortality, physiology, and biomass estimates in streams with elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the Boulder River Watershed, Montana","docAbstract":"Abandoned tailings and mine adits are located throughout the Boulder River watershed in Montana. In this watershed, all species of fish are absent from some tributary reaches near mine sources; however, populations of brook trout Salvelinus fontitalis, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and cut-throat trout O. clarki are found further downstream. Multiple methods must be used to investigate the effects of metals released by past mining activity because the effects on aquatic life may range in severity, depending on the proximity of mine sources. Therefore, we used three types of effects—those on fish population levels (as measured by survival), those on biomass and density, and those at the level of the individual (as measured by increases in metallothionein, products of lipid peroxidation, and increases in concentrations of tissue metals)—to assess the aquatic health of the Boulder River watershed. Elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the water column were associated with increased mortality of trout at sites located near mine waste sources. The hypertrophy (swelling), degeneration (dying), and necrosis of epithelial cells observed in the gills support our conclusion that the cause of death was related to metals in the water column. At a site further downstream (lower Cataract Creek), we observed impaired health of resident trout, as well as effects on biomass and density (measured as decreases in the kilograms of trout per hectare and the number per 300 m) and effects at the individual level, including increases in metallothionein, products of lipid peroxidation, and tissue concentrations of metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0450:CAHUSM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Farag, A.M., Skaar, D., Nimick, D.A., MacConnell, E., and Hogstrand, C., 2003, Characterizing aquatic health using salmonid mortality, physiology, and biomass estimates in streams with elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the Boulder River Watershed, Montana: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 3, p. 450-467, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0450:CAHUSM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"467","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0450:CAHUSM>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4efe4b0c8380cd4bffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skaar, Don","contributorId":9171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaar","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacConnell, Elizabeth","contributorId":7861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacConnell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hogstrand, Christer","contributorId":22926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogstrand","given":"Christer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026045,"text":"70026045 - 2003 - Mercury in soil near a long-term air emission source in southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T08:06:15","indexId":"70026045","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in soil near a long-term air emission source in southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"At the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory in southeastern Idaho, a 500 °C fluidized bed calciner was intermittently operated for 37 years, with measured Hg emission rates of 9–11 g/h. Surface soil was sampled at 57 locations around the facility to determine the spatial distribution of Hg fallout and surface Hg variability, and to predict the total residual Hg mass in the soil from historical emissions. Measured soil concentrations were slightly higher (p<0.05) within 5 km of the source but were overall very low (15–20 ng/g) compared to background Hg levels published for similar soils in the USA (50–70 ng/g). Concentrations decreased 4%/cm with depth and were found to be twice as high under shrubs and in depressions. Mass balance calculations accounted for only 2.5–20% of the estimated total Hg emitted over the 37-year calciner operating history. These results suggest that much of the Hg deposited from calciner operations may have been reduced in the soil and re-emitted as Hg(0) to the global atmospheric pool.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00254-002-0631-y","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Abbott, M., Susong, D., Olson, M., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2003, Mercury in soil near a long-term air emission source in southeastern Idaho: Environmental Geology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 352-356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-002-0631-y.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"352","endPage":"356","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.4556,42.0085 ], [ -114.4556,44.4397 ], [ -111.6129,44.4397 ], [ -111.6129,42.0085 ], [ -114.4556,42.0085 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5415e4b0c8380cd6ce97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, M.L.","contributorId":76090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Susong, D. D.","contributorId":12868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, M.","contributorId":27237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026018,"text":"70026018 - 2003 - Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T14:05:09.6048","indexId":"70026018","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"In this study, the dynamics of soil thermal, hydrologic, and ecosystem processes were coupled to project how the carbon budgets of boreal forests will respond to changes in atmospheric CO2, climate, and fire disturbance. The ability of the model to simulate gross primary production and ecosystem respiration was verified for a mature black spruce ecosystem in Canada, the age-dependent pattern of the simulated vegetation carbon was verified with inventory data on aboveground growth of Alaskan black spruce forests, and the model was applied to a postfire chronosequence in interior Alaska. The comparison between the simulated soil temperature and field-based estimates during the growing season (May to September) of 1997 revealed that the model was able to accurately simulate monthly temperatures at 10 cm (R > 0.93) for control and burned stands of the fire chronosequence. Similarly, the simulated and field-based estimates of soil respiration for control and burned stands were correlated (R = 0.84 and 0.74 for control and burned stands, respectively). The simulated and observed decadal to century-scale dynamics of soil temperature and carbon dynamics, which are represented by mean monthly values of these variables during the growing season, were correlated among stands (R = 0.93 and 0.71 for soil temperature at 20- and 10-cm depths, R = 0.95 and 0.91 for soil respiration and soil carbon, respectively). Sensitivity analyses indicate that along with differences in fire and climate history a number of other factors influence the response of carbon dynamics to fire disturbance. These factors include nitrogen fixation, the growth of moss, changes in the depth of the organic layer, soil drainage, and fire severity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001jd001244","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Zhuang, Q., McGuire, A., O’Neill, K.P., Harden, J., Romanovsky, V., and Yarie, J., 2003, Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 1, p. FFR 3-1-FFR 3-26, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd001244.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"FFR 3-1","endPage":"FFR 3-26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd001244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tanana River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.75634765625,\n 63.25093928818513\n ],\n [\n -142.62451171875,\n 63.50447451397417\n ],\n [\n -144.9810791015625,\n 64.18724867664994\n ],\n [\n -145.579833984375,\n 64.21832589114345\n ],\n [\n -145.78857421875,\n 63.91564308935915\n ],\n [\n -143.17932128906247,\n 63.21878040291831\n ],\n [\n -142.921142578125,\n 63.15435519659187\n ],\n [\n -142.75634765625,\n 63.25093928818513\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c2be4b0c8380cd6fabb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhuang, Q.","contributorId":40772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neill, K. P.","contributorId":104935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yarie, J.","contributorId":92847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarie","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025968,"text":"70025968 - 2003 - Sources of sulfate supporting anaerobic metabolism in a contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:48:07","indexId":"70025968","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of sulfate supporting anaerobic metabolism in a contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"Field and laboratory techniques were used to identify the biogeochemical factors affecting sulfate reduction in a shallow, unconsolidated alluvial aquifer contaminated with landfill leachate. Depth profiles of 35S-sulfate reduction rates in aquifer sediments were positively correlated with the concentration of dissolved sulfate. Manipulation of the sulfate concentration in samples revealed a Michaelis−Menten-like relationship with an apparent Km and Vmax of approximately 80 and 0.83 μM SO4-2·day-1, respectively. The concentration of sulfate in the core of the leachate plume was well below 20 μM and coincided with very low reduction rates. Thus, the concentration and availability of this anion could limit in situ sulfate-reducing activity. Three sulfate sources were identified, including iron sulfide oxidation, barite dissolution, and advective flux of sulfate. The relative importance of these sources varied with depth in the alluvium. The relatively high concentration of dissolved sulfate at the water table is attributed to the microbial oxidation of iron sulfides in response to fluctuations of the water table. At intermediate depths, barite dissolves in undersaturated pore water containing relatively high concentrations of dissolved barium (∼100 μM) and low concentrations of sulfate. Dissolution is consistent with the surface texture of detrital barite grains in contact with leachate. Laboratory incubations of unamended and barite-amended aquifer slurries supported the field observation of increasing concentrations of barium in solution when sulfate reached low levels. At a deeper highly permeable interval just above the confining bottom layer of the aquifer, sulfate reduction rates were markedly higher than rates at intermediate depths. Sulfate is supplied to this deeper zone by advection of uncontaminated groundwater beneath the landfill. The measured rates of sulfate reduction in the aquifer also correlated with the abundance of accumulated iron sulfide in this zone. This suggests that the current and past distributions of sulfate-reducing activity are similar and that the supply of sulfate has been sustained at these sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es011288a","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ulrich, G., Breit, G.N., Cozzarelli, I., and Suflita, J., 2003, Sources of sulfate supporting anaerobic metabolism in a contaminated aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1093-1099, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011288a.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1099","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208693,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es011288a"}],"volume":"37","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9393e4b08c986b31a580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulrich, G.A.","contributorId":86921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suflita, J.M.","contributorId":83303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suflita","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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