{"pageNumber":"314","pageRowStart":"7825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10457,"records":[{"id":1001021,"text":"1001021 - 1999 - Hydrogeomorphic factors and ecosystem responses in coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:57:47","indexId":"1001021","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeomorphic factors and ecosystem responses in coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Gauging the impact of manipulative activities, such as rehabilitation or management, on wetlands requires having a notion of the unmanipulated condition as a reference. And understanding of the reference condition requires knowledge of dominant factors influencing ecosystem processes and biological communities. In this paper, we focus on natural physical factors (conditions and processes) that drive coastal wetland ecosystems of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Great Lakes coastal wetlands develop under conditions of large-lake hydrology and disturbance imposed at a hiearchy of spatial and temporal scales and contain biotic communities adapted to unstable and unpredictable conditions. Coastal wetlands are configured along a continuum of hydrogeomorphic types: open coastal wetlands, drowned river mouth and flooded delta wetlands, and protected wetlands, each developing distinct ecosystem propertics and biotic communities. Hydrogeomorphic factors associated with the lake and watershed operate at a hierarchy of scales: a) local and short-term (seiches and ice action), b) watershed / lakewide / annual (seasonal water-level change), and c) larger or year-to-year and longer (regional and/or greater than one-year). Other physical factors include the unique water quality features of each lake. The aim of this paper is to provide scientists and managers with a framework for considering regional and site-specific geomorphometry and a hierarchy of physical processes in planning management and conservation projects.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161786","usgsCitation":"Keough, J.R., Thompson, T.A., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Wilcox, D.A., 1999, Hydrogeomorphic factors and ecosystem responses in coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes: Wetlands, v. 19, no. 4, p. 821-834, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161786.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"834","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2299","text":"External Repository"},{"id":128790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keough, Janet R.","contributorId":49300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Todd A.","contributorId":38501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022030,"text":"70022030 - 1999 - The Bear Brook Watershed, Maine (BBWM), USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022030","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Bear Brook Watershed, Maine (BBWM), USA","docAbstract":"The Bear Brook Watershed Manipulation project in Maine is a paired calibrated watershed study funded by the U.S. EPA. The research program is evaluating whole ecosystem response to elevated inputs of acidifying chemicals. The consists of a 2.5 year calibration period (1987-1989), nine years of chemical additions of (NH4)2SO4 (15N- and 34S-enriched for several years) to West Bear watershed (1989-1998), followed by a recovery period. The other watershed, East Bear, serves as a reference. Dosing is in six equal treatments/yr of 1800 eq SO4 and NH4/ha/yr, a 200% increase over 1988 loading (wet plus dry) for SO4 300% for N (wet NO3 + NH4). The experimental and reference watersheds are forested with mixed hard- and softwoods, and have thin acidic soils, areas of 10.2 and 10.7 ha and relief of 210 m. Thin till of variable composition is underlain by metasedimentary pelitic rocks and calc-silicate gneiss intruded by granite dikes and sills. For the period 1987-1995, precipitation averaged 1.4 m/yr, had a mean pH of 4.5, with SO4, NO3, and NH4 concentrations of 26, 14, and 7 ??eq/L, respectively. The nearly perrenial streams draining each watershed have discharges ranging from 0 (East Bear stops flowing for one to two months per year) to 150 L/sec. Prior to manipulation, East Bear and West Bear had a volume weighted annual mean pH of approximately 5.4, alkalinity = 0 to 4 ??eq/L, total base cations = 184 ??eq/L (sea-salt corrected = 118 ??eq/L), and SO4 = 100 to 111 ??eq/L. Nitrate ranged from 0 to 30 ??eq/L with an annual mean of 6 to 25 ??eq/L; dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from 1 to 7 mg/L but was typically less than 3. Episodic acidification occurred at high discharge and was caused by dilution of cations, slightly increased DOC, significantly higher NO3, and the sea-salt effect. Depressions in pH were accompanied by increases in inorganic Al. The West Bear catchment responded to the chemical additions with increased export of base cations, Al, SO4, NO3, and decreased pH, ANC, and DOC. Silica remained relatively constant. Neutralization of the acidifying chemicals occurred dominantly by cation desorption and mobilization of Al.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1006115011381","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Norton, S., Kahl, J., Fernandez, I., Haines, T., Rustad, L., Nodvin, S., Scofield, J., Strickland, T., Erickson, H., Wigington, P., and Lee, J., 1999, The Bear Brook Watershed, Maine (BBWM), USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 55, no. 1, p. 7-51, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006115011381.","startPage":"7","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206831,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006115011381"},{"id":230886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba698e4b08c986b3211fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norton, S.","contributorId":45671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahl, J.","contributorId":32486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahl","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fernandez, I.","contributorId":33881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haines, T.","contributorId":12401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rustad, L.","contributorId":98687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rustad","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nodvin, S.","contributorId":67686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nodvin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scofield, J.","contributorId":17187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scofield","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Strickland, T.","contributorId":68918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Erickson, H.","contributorId":41177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wigington, P. Jr.","contributorId":18928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigington","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lee, J.","contributorId":58596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70022029,"text":"70022029 - 1999 - Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T09:38:30","indexId":"70022029","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>In 1978 biologists in Gainesville, Florida, began compiling records on the distribution and status of nonindigenous fishes known in U.S. inland waters. The database, now in electronic format, currently contains approximately 17,000 records representing more than 500 nonindigenous fish taxa (i.e., species, hybrids, and unidentified forms). Of these taxa, 317 (61%) are native to the United States but have been introduced by humans into U.S. drainages outside their natural geographic ranges; 185 (35%) are fishes introduced from foreign countries; and 22 (4%) are hybrids. Of the introduced foreign fish taxa, 71 (38%) are species that have established (i.e., reproducing) or possibly established populations in open U.S. waters. The database is a useful tool for natural resource managers and other decision makers. Although we periodically revise records and constantly enter new ones, our database is fairly updated; thus, we are able to more thoroughly analyze patterns of introduction and the spread of nonindigenous fishes within the United States. Moreover, information gaps exposed by the data set should serve to stimulate and guide future research on nonindigenous fishes. This paper introduces our database and provides an overview of temporal and spatial patterns of nonindigenous fish distributions in U.S. inland waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1999)024<0016:SATPON>2.0.CO;2","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Nico, L., and Fuller, P., 1999, Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States: Fisheries, v. 24, no. 1, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1999)024<0016:SATPON>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9441e4b08c986b31a977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, P.L. 0000-0002-9389-9144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":68245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021966,"text":"70021966 - 1999 - Landscape patterns of CH4 fluxes in an alpine tundra ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70021966","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape patterns of CH4 fluxes in an alpine tundra ecosystem","docAbstract":"We measured CH4 fluxes from three major plant communities characteristic of alpine tundra in the Colorado Front Range. Plant communities in this ecosystem are determined by soil moisture regimes induced by winter snowpack distribution. Spatial patterns of CH4 flux during the snow-free season corresponded roughly with these plant communities. In Carex-dominated meadows, which receive the most moisture from snowmelt, net CH4 production occurred. However, CH4 production in one Carex site (seasonal mean = +8.45 mg CH4 m-2 d-1) was significantly larger than in the other Carex sites (seasonal means = -0.06 and +0.05 mg CH4 m-2 d-1). This high CH4 flux may have resulted from shallower snowpack during the winter. In Acomastylis meadows, which have an intermediate moisture regime, CH4 oxidation dominated (seasonal mean = -0.43 mg CH4 m-2 d-1). In the windswept Kobresia meadow plant community, which receive the least amount of moisture from snowmelt, only CH4 oxidation was observed (seasonal mean = -0.77 mg CH4 m-2 d-1). Methane fluxes correlated with a different set of environmental factors within each plant community. In the Carex plant community, CH4 emission was limited by soil temperature. In the Acomastylis meadows, CH4 oxidation rates correlated positively with soil temperature and negatively with soil moisture. In the Kobresia community, CH4 oxidation was stimulated by precipitation. Thus, both snow-free season CH4 fluxes and the controls on those CH4 fluxes were related to the plant communities determined by winter snowpack.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1006130911046","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"West, A., Brooks, P.D., Fisk, M., Smith, L.K., Holland, E., Jaeger, C.H., Babcock, S., Lai, R., and Schmidt, S., 1999, Landscape patterns of CH4 fluxes in an alpine tundra ecosystem: Biogeochemistry, v. 45, no. 3, p. 243-264, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006130911046.","startPage":"243","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206198,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006130911046"},{"id":229091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4418e4b0c8380cd6685b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, A.E.","contributorId":84100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, P. D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisk, M.C.","contributorId":24944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Lesley K.","contributorId":82657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lesley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holland, E.A.","contributorId":7648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaeger, C. H. III","contributorId":56818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Babcock, S.","contributorId":58039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lai, R.S.","contributorId":108270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schmidt, S.K.","contributorId":58412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70021916,"text":"70021916 - 1999 - Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T12:57:59","indexId":"70021916","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"We constructed a radiometrically calibrated proxy record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change exceeding 230,000 yr duration, using pollen profiles from two cores taken through age-equivalent dry lakes - one core having greater age control (via <sup>230</sup>Th alpha mass-spectrometry) and the other having greater stratigraphic completeness. The better dated of these two serial pollen records (Searles Lake) served as a reference section for improving the effective radiometric age control in a nearby and more complete pollen record (Owens Lake) because they: (1) are situated ~90 km apart in the same drainage system (on, and immediately leeward of, the eastern flank of the Sierra Nevada), and (2) preserved strikingly similar pollen profiles and concordant sequences of sedimentological changes. Pollen assemblages from both lakes are well preserved and diverse, and document serial changes in Late Pleistocene and Holocene plant zone distribution and composition in the westernmost Great Basin; they consist of taxa now inhabiting montane forest, woodland, steppe, and desert-scrub environments. The studied core intervals are interpreted here to be the terrestrial equivalent of marine δ<sup>18</sup>O stages 1 through 9; these pollen profiles now appear to be among the best radiometrically dated Late Pleistocene records of terrestrial climate change known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00111-5","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Litwin, R.J., Smoot, J.P., Durika, N.J., and Smith, G.I., 1999, Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 18, no. 10-11, p. 1151-1171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00111-5.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1171","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206301,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00111-5"},{"id":229345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"10-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30ce4b0c8380cd4b588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litwin, Ronald J. 0000-0002-8661-1296 rlitwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-1296","contributorId":2478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litwin","given":"Ronald","email":"rlitwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoot, Joseph P. 0000-0002-5064-8070 jpsmoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-8070","contributorId":2742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Joseph","email":"jpsmoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durika, Nancy J. 0000-0001-7448-8908 ndurika@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-8908","contributorId":4439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durika","given":"Nancy","email":"ndurika@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":391682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021912,"text":"70021912 - 1999 - Historical trends of metals in the sediments of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T15:04:20","indexId":"70021912","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trends of metals in the sediments of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id14\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id15\"><p>Concentrations of Ag, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were determined in six sediment cores from San Francisco Bay (SFB) and one sediment core in Tomales Bay (TB), a reference estuary. SFB cores were collected from between the head of the estuary and its mouth (Grizzly Bay, GB; San Pablo Bay, SP; Central Bay, CB; Richardson Bay, RB, respectively) and ranged in length from 150 to 250 cm. Concentrations of Cr, V and Ni are greater than mean crustal content in SFB and TB sediments, and greater than found in many other coastal sediments. However, erosion of ultramafic rock formations in the watershed appears to be the predominant source. Baseline concentrations of other metals were determined from horizons deposited before sediments were influenced by human activities and by comparing concentrations to those in TB. Baseline concentrations of Cu co-varied with Al in the SFB sediments and ranged from 23.7±1.2 μg/g to 41.4±2.4 μg/g. Baseline concentrations of other metals were less variable: Ag, 0.09±0.02 μg/g; Pb, 5.2±0.7 μg/g; Hg, 0.06±0.01 μg/g; Zn, 78±7 μg/g. The earliest anthropogenic influence on metal concentrations appeared as Hg contamination (0.3–0.4 μg/g) in sediments deposited at SP between 1850 and 1880, apparently associated with debris from hydraulic gold mining. Maximum concentrations of Hg within the cores were 20 times baseline. Greater inventories of Hg at SP and GB than at RB verified the importance of mining in the watershed as a source. Enrichment of Ag, Pb, Cu and Zn first appeared after 1910 in the RB core, later than is observed in Europe or eastern North America. Maximum concentrations of Ag and Pb were 5–10 times baseline and Cu and Zn concentrations were less than three times baseline. Large inventories of Pb to the sediments in the GB and SP cores appeared to be the result of the proximity to a large Pb smelter. Inventories of Pb at RB are similar to those typical of atmospheric inputs, although influence from the Pb smelter is also suspected. Concentrations of Hg and Pb have decreased since the 1970s (to 0.30 μg/g and 25 μg/g, respectively) and were similar among all cores in 1990. Early Ag contamination was perhaps a byproduct of the Pb smelting process, but a modern source of Ag is also indicated, especially at RB and CB.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(98)80083-2","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Hornberger, M.I., Luoma, S., VanGeen, A., Fuller, C., and Anima, R., 1999, Historical trends of metals in the sediments of San Francisco Bay, California: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 39-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)80083-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31abe4b0c8380cd5e114","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":23574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, C.","contributorId":106640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anima, R.","contributorId":77304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021881,"text":"70021881 - 1999 - Constraints on the sedimentation history of San Francisco Bay from 14C and 10Be","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T14:38:58","indexId":"70021881","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the sedimentation history of San Francisco Bay from 14C and 10Be","docAbstract":"<p>Industrialization and urbanization around San Francisco Bay as well as mining and agriculture in the watersheds of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers have profoundly modified sedimentation patterns throughout the estuary. We provide some constraints on the onset of these erosional disturbances with 10Be data for three sediment cores: two from Richardson Bay, a small embayment near the mouth of San Francisco Bay, and one from San Pablo Bay, mid-way between the river delta and the mouth. Comparison of pre-disturbance sediment accumulation determined from three 14C-dated mollusk shells in one Richardson Bay core with more recent conditions determined from the distribution of 210Pb and 234Th [Fuller, C.C., van Geen, A., Baskaran, M, Anima, R.J., 1999. Sediment chronology in San Francisco Bay, California, defined by 210Pb, 234Th, 239,240Pu.] shows that the accumulation rate increased by an order of magnitude at this particular site. All three cores from San Francisco Bay show subsurface maxima in 10Be concentrations ranging in magnitude from 170 to 520 x 106 atoms/g. The transient nature of the increased 10Be input suggests that deforestation and agricultural develop- ment caused basin-wide erosion of surface soils enriched in 10Be. probably before the turn of the century.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00082-6","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., Valette-Silver, N.J., Luoma, S., Fuller, C.C., Baskaran, M., Tera, F., and Klein, J., 1999, Constraints on the sedimentation history of San Francisco Bay from 14C and 10Be: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 29-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00082-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(98)00082-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0fe4b0c8380cd4d8f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valette-Silver, N. J.","contributorId":100140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valette-Silver","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baskaran, M.","contributorId":96627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tera, F.","contributorId":18102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tera","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klein, J.","contributorId":90885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70021878,"text":"70021878 - 1999 - Numerical model of a tracer test on the Santa Clara River, Ventura County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T10:24:54","indexId":"70021878","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical model of a tracer test on the Santa Clara River, Ventura County, California","docAbstract":"To better understand the flow processes, solute-transport processes, and ground-water/surface-water interactions on the Santa Clara River in Ventura County, California, a 24-hour fluorescent-dye tracer study was performed under steady-state flow conditions on a 45-km reach of the river. The study reach includes perennial (uppermost and lowermost) subreaches and ephemeral subreaches of the lower Piru Creek and the middle Santa Clara River. The tracer-test data were used to calibrate a one-dimensional flow model (DAFLOW) and a solute-transport model (BLTM). The dye-arrival times at each sample location were simulated by calibrating the velocity parameters in DAFLOW. The simulations of dye transport indicated that (1) ground-water recharge explains the loss of mass in the ephemeral middle subreaches, and (2) groundwater recharge does not explain the loss of mass in the perennial uppermost and lowermost subreaches. The observed tracer curves in the perennial subreaches were indicative of sorptive dye losses, transient storage, and (or) photodecay - these phenomena were simulated using a linear decay term. However, analysis of the linear decay terms indicated that photodecay was not a dominant source of dye loss.To better understand the flow processes, solute-transport processes, and ground-water/surface-water interactions on the Santa Clara River in Ventura County, California, a 24-hour fluorescent-dye tracer study was performed under steady-state flow conditions on a 45-km reach of the river. The study reach includes perennial (uppermost and lowermost) subreaches and ephemeral subreaches of the lower Piru Creek and the middle Santa Clara River. The tracer-test data were used to calibrate a one-dimension-al flow model (DAFLOW) and a solute-transport model (BLTM). The dye-arrival times at each sample location were simulated by calibrating the velocity parameters in DAFLOW. The simulations of dye transport indicated that (1) ground-water recharge explains the loss of mass in the ephemeral middle subreaches, and (2) ground-water recharge does not explain the loss of mass in the perennial uppermost and lowermost subreaches. The observed tracer curves in the perennial subreaches were indicative of sorptive dye losses, transient storage, and (or) photodecay - these phenomena were simulated using a linear decay term. However, analysis of the linear decay terms indicated that photodecay was not a dominant source of dye loss.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Assoc","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb05458.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., Paybins, K.S., Izbicki, J.A., and Reichard, E.G., 1999, Numerical model of a tracer test on the Santa Clara River, Ventura County, California: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 1, p. 133-142, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb05458.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f2e4b0c8380cd73a9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paybins, Katherine S. 0000-0002-3967-5043 kpaybins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-5043","contributorId":2805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paybins","given":"Katherine","email":"kpaybins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":149374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reichard, Eric G. 0000-0002-7310-3866 egreich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":1207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"Eric","email":"egreich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":391533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021867,"text":"70021867 - 1999 - Velocity reversals and sediment sorting in pools and riffles controlled by channel constrictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021867","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocity reversals and sediment sorting in pools and riffles controlled by channel constrictions","docAbstract":"Keller [Keller, E.A., 1971. Areal sorting of bed-load material; the hypothesis of velocity reversal. Geological Society of America Bulletin 82, 753-756] hypothesized that at high flow, near-bed velocities in pools exceed velocities in riffles and create pool scour. Pools, however, typically have larger cross-sectional areas of flow at bankfull discharge. This condition raises an inconsistency with Keller's velocity reversal hypothesis and the one-dimensional continuity of mass equation. To address this problem, a model of pool maintenance and sediment sorting is proposed that relies on constriction of flow by recirculating eddies and flow divergence over the exit-slopes of pools. According to the model, a narrow zone of high velocity occurs in the center of pools, creating scour. Along the downstream end of pools, an uphill climb of particles up the pool exit-slope promotes sediment deposition. The model is tested with field and flume measurements of velocity, water-surface elevation, and size of bed sediments in recirculating-eddy influenced pools. Local reversals of the water-surface gradient were measured in the field and a velocity reversal was created in the flume. The reversals that were measured indicate higher gradients of the water surface over the upstream portions of pools and higher velocities in pools at high flow. The distribution of bed sediments collected in the field also support the proposed model of pool maintenance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00082-8","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Thompson, D., Wohl, E., and Jarrett, R., 1999, Velocity reversals and sediment sorting in pools and riffles controlled by channel constrictions: Geomorphology, v. 27, no. 3-4, p. 229-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00082-8.","startPage":"229","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206311,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00082-8"},{"id":229374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1fae4b08c986b32a875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, D.M.","contributorId":16570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wohl, E.E. 0000-0001-7435-5013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-5013","contributorId":28753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohl","given":"E.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021836,"text":"70021836 - 1999 - Use of cosmogenic 35S for comparing ages of water from three alpine-subalpine basins in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:44:07","indexId":"70021836","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of cosmogenic 35S for comparing ages of water from three alpine-subalpine basins in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"High-elevation basins in Colorado are a major source of water for the central and western United States; however, acidic deposition may affect the quality of this water. Water that is retained in a basin for a longer period of time may be less impacted by acidic deposition. Sulfur-35 (35S), a short-lived isotope of sulfur (t( 1/2 ) = 87 days), is useful for studying short-time scale hydrologic processes in basins where biological influences and water/rock interactions are minimal. When sulfate response in a basin is conservative, the age of water may be assumed to be that of the dissolved sulfate in it. Three alpine-subalpine basins on granitic terrain in Colorado were investigated to determine the influence of basin morphology on the residence time of water in the basins. Fern and Spruce Creek basins are glaciated and accumulate deep snowpacks during the winter. These basins have hydrologic and chemical characteristics typical of systems with rapid hydrologic response times. The age of sulfate leaving these basins, determined from the activity of 35S, averages around 200 days. In contrast, Boulder Brook basin has broad, gentle slopes and an extensive cover of surficial debris. Its area above treeline, about one-half of the basin, is blown free of snow during the winter. Variations in flow and solute concentrations in Boulder Brook are quite small compared to Fern and Spruce Creeks. After peak snowmelt, sulfate in Boulder Brook is about 200 days older than sulfate in Fern and Spruce Creeks. This indicates a substantial source of older sulfate (lacking 35S) that is probably provided from water stored in pore spaces of surficial debris in Boulder Brook basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00090-7","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Sueker, J., Turk, J., and Michel, R.L., 1999, Use of cosmogenic 35S for comparing ages of water from three alpine-subalpine basins in the Colorado Front Range: Geomorphology, v. 27, no. 1-2, p. 61-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00090-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206346,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00090-7"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbedbe4b08c986b329807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sueker, J.K.","contributorId":61977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sueker","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021833,"text":"70021833 - 1999 - Paleoclimatic significance of δD and δ<sup>13</sup>C values in pinon pine needles from packrat middens spanning the last 40,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-14T16:13:38","indexId":"70021833","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoclimatic significance of δD and δ<sup>13</sup>C values in pinon pine needles from packrat middens spanning the last 40,000 years","docAbstract":"<p>We compared two approaches to interpreting &delta;D of cellulose nitrate in pi&ntilde;on pine needles (<i>Pinus edulis</i>) preserved in packrat middens from central New Mexico, USA. One approach was based on linear regression between modern &delta;D values and climate parameters, and the other on a deterministic isotope model, modified from Craig and Gordon's terminal lake evaporation model that assumes steady-state conditions and constant isotope effects. One such effect, the net biochemical fractionation factor, was determined for a new species, pi&ntilde;on pine. Regressions showed that &delta;D values in cellulose nitrate from annual cohorts of needles (1989&ndash;1996) were strongly correlated with growing season (May&ndash;August) precipitation amount, and &delta;<sup>13</sup>C values in the same samples were correlated with June relative humidity. The deterministic model reconstructed &delta;D values of meteoric water used by plants after constraining relative humidity effects with &delta;<sup>13</sup>C values; growing season temperatures were estimated via modern correlations with &delta;D values of meteoric water. Variations of this modeling approach have been applied to tree-ring cellulose before, but not to macrofossil cellulose, and comparisons to empirical relationships have not been provided. Results from fossil pi&ntilde;on needles spanning the last &sim;40,000 years showed no significant trend in &delta;D values of cellulose nitrate, suggesting either no change in the amount of summer precipitation (based on the transfer function) or &delta;D values of meteoric water or temperature (based on the deterministic model). However, there were significant differences in &delta;<sup>13</sup>C values, and therefore relative humidity, between Pleistocene and Holocene.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00152-7","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Pendall, E., Betancourt, J.L., and Leavitt, S.W., 1999, Paleoclimatic significance of δD and δ<sup>13</sup>C values in pinon pine needles from packrat middens spanning the last 40,000 years: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 147, no. 1-2, p. 53-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00152-7.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"72","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206333,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00152-7"}],"volume":"147","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73cde4b0c8380cd77258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendall, Elise","contributorId":6637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendall","given":"Elise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavitt, Steven W.","contributorId":77312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021771,"text":"70021771 - 1999 - Foreshock occurrence before large earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T15:23:52.102772","indexId":"70021771","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreshock occurrence before large earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rates of foreshock occurrence involving shallow&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;≥ 6 and&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;≥ 7 mainshocks and&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;≥ 5 foreshocks were measured in two worldwide catalogs over ∼20-year intervals. The overall rates observed are similar to ones measured in previous worldwide and regional studies when they are normalized for the ranges of magnitude difference they each span. The observed worldwide rates were compared to a generic model of earthquake clustering based on patterns of small and moderate aftershocks in California. The aftershock model was extended to the case of moderate foreshocks preceding large mainshocks. Overall, the observed worldwide foreshock rates exceed the extended California generic model by a factor of ∼2. Significant differences in foreshock rate were found among subsets of earthquakes defined by their focal mechanism and tectonic region, with the rate before thrust events higher and the rate before strike-slip events lower than the worldwide average. Among the thrust events, a large majority, composed of events located in shallow subduction zones, had a high foreshock rate, while a minority, located in continental thrust belts, had a low rate. These differences may explain why previous surveys have found low foreshock rates among thrust events in California (especially southern California), while the worldwide observations suggests the opposite: California, lacking an active subduction zone in most of its territory, and including a region of mountain-building thrusts in the south, reflects the low rate apparently typical for continental thrusts, while the worldwide observations, dominated by shallow subduction zone events, are foreshock-rich. If this is so, then the California generic model may significantly underestimate the conditional probability for a very large (</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;≥ 8) earthquake following a potential (</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;≥ 7) foreshock in Cascadia. The magnitude differences among the identified foreshock-mainshock pairs in the Harvard catalog are consistent with a uniform distribution over the range of observation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998JB900089","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Reasenberg, P., 1999, Foreshock occurrence before large earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B3, p. 4755-4768, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JB900089.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4755","endPage":"4768","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1322e4b0c8380cd54535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reasenberg, P.A.","contributorId":19959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021770,"text":"70021770 - 1999 - Geodetic estimates of fault slip rates in the San Francisco Bay area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T15:25:27.312028","indexId":"70021770","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodetic estimates of fault slip rates in the San Francisco Bay area","docAbstract":"<p><i>Bourne et al.</i><span>&nbsp;[1998] have suggested that the interseismic velocity profile at the surface across a transform plate boundary is a replica of the secular velocity profile at depth in the plastosphere. On the other hand, in the viscoelastic coupling model the shape of the interseismic surface velocity profile is a consequence of plastosphere relaxation following the previous rupture of the faults that make up the plate boundary and is not directly related to the secular flow in the plastosphere. The two models appear to be incompatible. If the plate boundary is composed of several subparallel faults and the interseismic surface velocity profile across the boundary known, each model predicts the secular slip rates on the faults which make up the boundary. As suggested by Bourne et al., the models can then be tested by comparing the predicted secular slip rates to those estimated from long-term offsets inferred from geology. Here we apply that test to the secular slip rates predicted for the principal faults (San Andreas, San Gregorio, Hayward, Calaveras, Rodgers Creek, Green Valley and Greenville faults) in the San Andreas fault system in the San Francisco Bay area. The estimates from the two models generally agree with one another and to a lesser extent with the geologic estimate. Because the viscoelastic coupling model has been equally successful in estimating secular slip rates on the various fault strands at a diffuse plate boundary, the success of the model of&nbsp;</span><i>Bourne et at.</i><span>&nbsp;[1998] in doing the same thing should not be taken as proof that the interseismic velocity profile across the plate boundary at the surface is a replica of the velocity profile at depth in the plastosphere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998JB900108","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Svarc, J.L., and Prescott, W., 1999, Geodetic estimates of fault slip rates in the San Francisco Bay area: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B3, p. 4995-5002, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JB900108.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4995","endPage":"5002","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a173be4b0c8380cd55435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021769,"text":"70021769 - 1999 - Runoff and erosion response of simulated waste burial covers in a semi-arid environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021769","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Runoff and erosion response of simulated waste burial covers in a semi-arid environment","docAbstract":"Control of runoff (reducing infiltration) and erosion at shallow land burials is necessary in order to assure environmentally safe disposal of low-level radioactive-waste and other waste products. This study evaluated the runoff and erosion response of two perennial grass species on simulated waste burial covers at Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Rainfall simulations were applied to three plots covered by crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Shultes], three plots covered by streambank wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner and Smith) Gould spp. lanceolatus], and one bare plot. Average total runoff for rainfall simulations in 1987, 1989, and 1990 was 42 percent greater on streambank wheatgrass plots than on crested wheatgrass plots. Average total soil loss for rainfall simulations in 1987 and 1990 was 105 percent greater on streambank wheatgrass plots than on crested wheatgrass plots. Total runoff and soil loss from natural rainfall and snowmelt events during 1987 were 25 and 105 percent greater, respectively, on streambank wheatgrass plots than on crested wheatgrass plots. Thus, crested wheatgrass appears to be better suited in revegetation of waste burial covers at INEEL than streambank wheatgrass due to its much lower erosion rate and only slightly higher infiltration rate (lower runoff rate).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Assoc","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA, United States","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Bent, G., Goff, B., Rightmire, K., and Sidle, R., 1999, Runoff and erosion response of simulated waste burial covers in a semi-arid environment: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 2, p. 441-455.","startPage":"441","endPage":"455","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaebee4b0c8380cd871cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bent, G.C.","contributorId":81645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goff, B.F.","contributorId":101820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rightmire, K.G.","contributorId":34285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rightmire","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sidle, R.C.","contributorId":47934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021722,"text":"70021722 - 1999 - Occurrence and behavior of the herbicide Prometon in the hydrologic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70021722","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and behavior of the herbicide Prometon in the hydrologic system","docAbstract":"Prometon, a triazine herbicide, is used for total vegetation control on industrial sites, on noncrop areas on farms, in and under asphalt, and to a small extent by homeowners. Prometon has often been detected in surface water and groundwater in studies reported in the literature, but its presence is seldom discussed, partly because of its infrequent inclusion on lists of herbicides used in either agricultural or urban areas. In recent large-scale studies by the U.S. Geological Survey, prometon has been the most commonly detected herbicide in surface water and groundwater in urban areas and the third and fourth most commonly detected herbicide in groundwater and surface water, respectively, in agricultural areas. It also has been detected in rain. The frequent detection of prometon in the environment is discussed in relation to its use practices and predicted environmental behavior. Prometon is compared to atrazine, a structurally similar agricultural triazine herbicide that is one of the most studied and most commonly detected herbicides found in the hydrologic environment. The environmental data presented here demonstrate the wide-scale occurrence of prometon in all components of the hydrologic system, particularly in the surface water and groundwater of urban areas.Prometon, a triazine herbicide, is used for total vegetation control on industrial sites, on noncrop areas on farms, in and under asphalt, and to a small extent by homeowners. Prometon has often been detected in surface water and groundwater in studies reported in the literature, but its presence is seldom discussed, partly because of its infrequent inclusion on lists of herbicides used in either agricultural or urban areas. In recent large-scale studies by the U.S. Geological Survey, prometon has been the most commonly detected herbicide in surface water and groundwater in urban areas and the third and fourth most commonly detected herbicide in groundwater and surface water, respectively, in agricultural areas. It also has been detected in rain. The frequent detection of prometon in the environment is discussed in relation to its use practices and predicted environmental behavior. Prometon is compared to atrazine, a structurally similar agricultural triazine herbicide that is one of the most studied and most commonly detected herbicides found in the hydrologic environment. The environmental data presented here demonstrate the wide-scale occurrence of prometon in all components of the hydrologic system, particularly in the surface water and groundwater of urban areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/es9807340","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., Spexet, A., and Larson, S., 1999, Occurrence and behavior of the herbicide Prometon in the hydrologic system: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 5, p. 674-680, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9807340.","startPage":"674","endPage":"680","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9807340"},{"id":229296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b2ae4b0c8380cd74559","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spexet, A.H.","contributorId":9020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spexet","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021715,"text":"70021715 - 1999 - Depositional and diagenetic history and petroleum geology of the Jurassic Norphlet Formation of the Alabama coastal waters area and adjacent federal waters area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T19:10:34","indexId":"70021715","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2669,"text":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional and diagenetic history and petroleum geology of the Jurassic Norphlet Formation of the Alabama coastal waters area and adjacent federal waters area","docAbstract":"The discovery of deep (>20,000 ft) gas reservoirs in eolian sandstone of the Upper Jurassic Norphlet Formation in Mobile Bay and offshore Alabama in the late 1970s represents one of the most significant hydrocarbon discoveries in the nation during the past several decades. Estimated original proved gas from Norphlet reservoirs in the Alabama coastal waters and adjacent federal waters is 7.462 trillion ft3 (Tcf) (75% recovery factor). Fifteen fields have been established in the offshore Alabama area. Norphlet sediment was deposited in an arid environment in alluvial fans, alluvial plains, and wadis in updip areas. In downdip areas, the Norphlet was deposited in a broad desert plain, with erg development in some areas. Marine transgression, near the end of Norphlet deposition, resulted in reworking of the upper part of the Norphlet Formation. Norphlet reservoir sandstone is arkose and subarkose, consisting of a simple assemblage of three minerals, quartz, albite, and K-feldspar. The present framework grain assemblage of the Norphlet is dominantly diagenetic, owing to albitization and dissolution of feldspar. Despite the simple framework composition, the diagenetic character of the Norphlet is complex. Important authigenic minerals include carbonate phases (calcite, dolomite, Fe-dolomite, and breunnerite), feldspar (albite and K-feldspar), evaporite minerals (anhydrite and halite), clay minerals (illite and chlorite), quartz, and pyrobitumen. The abundance and distribution of these minerals varies significantly between onshore and offshore regions of Norphlet production. The lack of sufficient internal sources of components for authigenic minerals, combined with unusual chemical compositions of chloride (Mg-rich), breunnerite, and some minor authigenic minerals, suggests that Louann-derived fluids influenced Norphlet diagenesis. In offshore Alabama reservoirs, porosity is dominantly modified primary porosity. Preservation of porosity in deep Norphlet reservoirs is due to a combination of factors, including a lack of sources of cement components and lack of pervasive early cement, so that fluid-flow pathways remained open during burial. Below the dominantly quartz-cemented tight zone near the top of the Norphlet, pyrobitumen is a major contributor to reduction in reservoir quality in offshore Alabama. The highest reservoir quality occurs in those wells where the present gas-water contact is below the paleohydrocarbon-water contact. Thiz zone of highest reservoir quality is between the lowermost occurrence of pyrobitumen and the present gas-water contact.The Upper Jurassic Norphlet Formation sediment was deposited in an arid environment in alluvial fans, alluvial plains, and wadis in undip areas. In downdip areas, the Norphlet was deposited in a broad desert plain, with erg development in some areas. Marine transgression, near the end of Norphlet deposition resulted in reworking of the upper part of the formation. he present framework grain assemblage of the Norphlet is dominantly diagenetic, owing to albitization and dissolution of feldspar. Despite the simple framework composition, the diagenetic character of the Norphlet is complex.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Ltd","publisherLocation":"London, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1080/106411999273909","issn":"1064119X","usgsCitation":"Kugler, R., and Mink, R., 1999, Depositional and diagenetic history and petroleum geology of the Jurassic Norphlet Formation of the Alabama coastal waters area and adjacent federal waters area: Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, v. 17, no. 2-3, p. 215-232, https://doi.org/10.1080/106411999273909.","startPage":"215","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268182,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/106411999273909"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb9e4b0c8380cd4eebc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kugler, R.L.","contributorId":12996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kugler","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mink, R.M.","contributorId":48709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mink","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021655,"text":"70021655 - 1999 - Late Neogene sedimentary facies and sequences in the Pannonian Basin, Hungary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T01:17:41.460761","indexId":"70021655","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Neogene sedimentary facies and sequences in the Pannonian Basin, Hungary","docAbstract":"This paper is part of the special publication No.156, The Mediterranean basins: Tertiary extension within the Alpine Orogen. (eds B.Durand, L. Jolivet, F.Horvath and M.Seranne). Detailed sedimentological, facies and numerical cycle analysis, combined with magnetostratigraphy, have been made in a number of boreholes in the Pannonian Basin, in order to study the causes of relative water-level changes and the history of the basin subsidence. Subsidence and infilling of the Pannonian Basin, which was an isolated lake at that time occurred mainly during the Late Miocene and Pliocene. The subsidence history was remarkably different in the individual sub-basins: early thermal subsidence was interrupted in the southern part of the basin, while high sedimentation rate and continuous subsidence was detected in the northeastern sub-basin. Three regional unconformities were detected in the Late Neogene Pannonian Basin fill, which represent 0.5 and 7.5 Ma time spans corresponding to single and composite unconformities. Consequently two main sequences build up the Late Neogene Pannonian Basin fill: a Late Miocene and a Pliocene one. Within the Late Miocene sequence there are smaller sedimentary cycles most probably corresponding to climatically driven relative lake-level changes in the Milankovitch frequency band. Considering the periods, the estimated values for precession and eccentricity in this study (19 and 370 ka) are close to the usually cited ones. In the case of obliquity the calculated period (71 ka) slightly deviates from the generally accepted number. Based on the relative amplitudes of oscillations, precession (sixth order) and obliquity (fifth order) cycles had the most significant impact on the sedimentation. Eccentricity caused cycles (fourth order) are poorly detectable in the sediments. The longer term (third order) cycles had very slight influence on the sedimentation pattern. Progradation, recorded in the Late Miocene sequence, correlates poorly in time within the basin. The dominant controls of this process probably were changes of basin subsidence rate and the very high sedimentation rate. The slow, upward trend of silt and sand bed thickness as well as that of the grain size also reflects the local progradation.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society, London","doi":"10.1144/gsl.sp.1999.156.01.16","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Juhasz, E., Phillips, L., Muller, P., Ricketts, B., Toth-Makk, A., Lantos, M., and Kovacs, L., 1999, Late Neogene sedimentary facies and sequences in the Pannonian Basin, Hungary: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 156, p. 335-356, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1999.156.01.16.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44fbe4b0c8380cd66f3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juhasz, E.","contributorId":101400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juhasz","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, L.","contributorId":63556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, P.","contributorId":28392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ricketts, B.","contributorId":20099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricketts","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Toth-Makk, A.","contributorId":59970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth-Makk","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lantos, M.","contributorId":29594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantos","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kovacs, L.O.","contributorId":32700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovacs","given":"L.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70021653,"text":"70021653 - 1999 - Fluid migration in a cratonic setting: The fluid histories of two fault zones in the eastern midcontinent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021653","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid migration in a cratonic setting: The fluid histories of two fault zones in the eastern midcontinent","docAbstract":"A combined field, petrographic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope study was undertaken in two fault zones in the eastern midcontinent of the North American craton in order to determine their fluid histories. Because both the Kentucky River fault zone in central Kentucky and the Bowling Green fault zone in northwest Ohio were active intermittently throughout much of the Paleozoic, it was thought that one or both may record the passage of the late Paleozoic brine migration that affected large portions of the eastern midcontinent. Three fluid events were recognized in calcite veins of the Kentucky River fault zone. Each tapped the same dominantly meteoric, low-salinity fluid reservoir, but at different times as the fault zone was cooling (T(h) 110??to 75??C) at relatively shallow depths (<1.0 km). Although the fluid history of the Bowling Green fault zone also reflects a general cooling (T(h) 115??to 60??C) at a shallow depth (<1.5 km), multiple fluid sources were involved. In the first fluid event, brown calcite was precipitated from a methane-rich, aqueous fluid with an immiscible petroleum phase derived from ascending fluids originating in underlying lower Paleozoic or basement units. The second fluid event is similar to the first except it lacks the petroleum phase which resulted in the precipitation of white, rather than brown, calcite. The third event precipitated calcite from a mixture of vertically and horizontally flowing brines. The youngest event resulted in little or no additional mineralization and is recorded by secondary fluid inclusions in preexisting veins. The fluid source is probably meteoric or seawater. From the characteristics of each fluid event, it is concluded that only the Bowling Green fault zone appears to contain evidence for the late Paleozoic regional brine migration. The Kentucky River fault zone either was bypassed by the brines, had an unfavorable orientation, or did not have any permeability at the time of brine migration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00021-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, D., and Onasch, C., 1999, Fluid migration in a cratonic setting: The fluid histories of two fault zones in the eastern midcontinent: Tectonophysics, v. 305, no. 1-3, p. 307-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00021-9.","startPage":"307","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206295,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00021-9"}],"volume":"305","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1277e4b0c8380cd54300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, D.W.","contributorId":95219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Onasch, C.M.","contributorId":82480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onasch","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021652,"text":"70021652 - 1999 - Regional Vp, Vs, Vp/Vs, and Poisson's ratios across earthquake source zones from Memphis, Tennessee, to St. Louis, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-24T23:52:19.402401","indexId":"70021652","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional Vp, Vs, Vp/Vs, and Poisson's ratios across earthquake source zones from Memphis, Tennessee, to St. Louis, Missouri","docAbstract":"Models of P- and S-wave velocity, Vp/Vs ratios, Poisson's ratios, and density for the crust and upper mantle are presented along a 400-km-long profile trending from Memphis, Tennessee, to St. Louis, Missouri. The profile crosses the New Madrid seismic zone and reveals distinct regional variations in the crustal velocity structure north and south of the latitude of New Madrid. In the south near Memphis, the upper few kilometers of the crust are dominated by upper crustal sedimentary basins or graben with P-wave velocities less than 5 km/sec and S-wave velocities of about 2 km/sec. P-wave velocities of the upper and middle crust range from 6.0 to 6.5 km/sec at depths above 25 km, and corresponding S-wave velocities range from 3.5 to 3.7 km/sec. The lower crust consists of a high-velocity layer (Vp = 7.4 km/sec; Vs ~4.2 km/sec) that is up to 20-km thick at the latitude of New Madrid but thins to about 15 km near Memphis. To the north, beneath the western-most Illinois basin, low-velocity (Vp < 5 km/sec; Vs < 2.3 km/sec) sedimentary basins are less than 1-km deep. The average velocities (Vp = 6.0 km/sec; Vs = 3.5 km/sec) of the underlying, near-surface rocks argue against large thickness of unconsolidated noncarbonate sediments within 50 km of the western edge of the Illinois basin. Most of the crust beneath the Illinois basin is modeled as one layer, with velocities up to 6.8 km/sec (Vs = 3.7 km/sec) at 37-km depth. The thick, high-velocity (Vp = 7.4 km/sec; Vs ~4.2 km/sec) lower crustal layer thins from about 20 km near New Madrid to about 6 km beneath the western Illinois basin. Refractions from the Moho and upper mantle occur as first arrivals over distances as a great as 160 km and reveal upper mantle layering to 60 km depth. Upper mantle layers with P-wave velocities of 8.2 km/sec (Vs = 4.5 km/sec) and 8.4 km/sec (Vs = 4.7 km/sec) are modeled at 43 and 60 km depth, respectively. Crustal Vp/Vs ratios range between 1.74 and 1.83, and upper mantle Vp/V s ratios range from 1.78 to 1.84. Poisson's ratios range from about 0.26 to 0.33 in the crust and from about 0.27 to 0.29 in the upper mantle. Modeled average densities range from about 2.55 in the sedimentary basins to 3.43 in the upper mantle. Geophysical characteristics of the crust and upper mantle within the New Madrid seismic zone are consistent with other continental rifts, but the crustal structure of the Illinois basin is not characteristics of most continental rift settings. Seismic and gravity data suggest a buried horst near the middle of Reelfoot rift, beneath which is a vertical zone of seismicity and velocity anomalies. The relative depth of the Reelfoot rift north and south of the Reelfoot graben suggests that the rift and its bounding faults may extend eastward beneath the city of Memphis.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0890061591","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., 1999, Regional Vp, Vs, Vp/Vs, and Poisson's ratios across earthquake source zones from Memphis, Tennessee, to St. Louis, Missouri: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 89, no. 6, p. 1591-1605, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0890061591.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1591","endPage":"1605","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.01713789388883,\n              39.24359565849795\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.01713789388883,\n              34.89794280335066\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.11723555013897,\n              34.89794280335066\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.11723555013897,\n              39.24359565849795\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.01713789388883,\n              39.24359565849795\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a495e4b0e8fec6cdbba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021592,"text":"70021592 - 1999 - Iapetonudus (N. gen.) and Iapetognathus Landing, unusual Earliest Ordovician multielement conodont taxa and their utility for biostratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-10T00:58:59.855288","indexId":"70021592","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1077,"text":"Brigham Young University Geology Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iapetonudus (N. gen.) and Iapetognathus Landing, unusual Earliest Ordovician multielement conodont taxa and their utility for biostratigraphy","docAbstract":"The Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) multielement conodont genus Iapetognathus is one of the oldest denticulate euconodont genera known. The ramiform-ramiform apparatus structure of Iapetognathus is not similar morphologically to other Late Cambrian to Earliest Ordovician denticulate multielement taxa, such as Eodentatus or Cordyloduts, because the major denticulate process has a lateral rather than a posterior orientation as it is in the other two examples. For this reason the genus is believed to have developed from the coniform-coniform apparatus Iapetonudus ibexensis (N.gen., n.sp.) through the development of the denticulate lateral processes. The two genera have a number of morphologic features in common and appear in stratigraphic succession. Iapetognathus aengensis (Lindstro??m) is redefined as a multielement taxon using topotype material and Ig. preaengensis Landing is placed in synonymy with it. Iapetognathus sprakersi, recently described by Landing in Landing and others (1996), is recognized as a multielement species and the new multielement species, Ig. fluctivagus, Ig. jilinensis and Ig. landingi n. spp. are described herein, based on type specimens from Utah (U.S.A.), Jilin (China) and Colorado (U.S.A.) respectively. Iapetonudus and Iapetognathus are important genera in defining the level of the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. Iapetonudus is currently recognized only from Utah, Texas and Oklahoma, but Iapetognathus is cosmopolitan in its distribution.","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","issn":"00681016","usgsCitation":"Nicoll, R., Miller, J., Nowlan, G., Repetski, J., and Ethington, R.L., 1999, Iapetonudus (N. gen.) and Iapetognathus Landing, unusual Earliest Ordovician multielement conodont taxa and their utility for biostratigraphy: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 44, p. 27-55.","productDescription":"29 P.","startPage":"27","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37e6e4b0c8380cd61271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicoll, R.S.","contributorId":80445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicoll","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.F.","contributorId":29830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowlan, G.S.","contributorId":97270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowlan","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ethington, Raymond L.","contributorId":93507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ethington","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021542,"text":"70021542 - 1999 - Surface faulting and paleoseismic history of the 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake area, west-central Nevada, and implications for modern tectonics of the Walker Lane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T00:51:52.336799","indexId":"70021542","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface faulting and paleoseismic history of the 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake area, west-central Nevada, and implications for modern tectonics of the Walker Lane","docAbstract":"The 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake (Ms 7.2) was one of the largest historical events in the Walker Lane region of western Nevada, and it produced a complicated strike-slip rupture pattern on multiple Quaternary faults distributed through three valleys. Primary, right-lateral surface ruptures occurred on north-striking faults in Monte Cristo Valley; small-scale lateral and normal offsets occurred in Stewart Valley; and secondary, normal faulting occurred on north-northeast-striking faults in the Gabbs Valley epicentral region. A reexamination of the surface ruptures provides new displacement and fault-zone data: maximum cumulative offset is estimated to be 2.7 m, and newly recognized faults extend the maximum width and end-to-end length of the rupture zone to 17 and 75 km, respectively. A detailed Quaternary allostratigraphic chronology based on regional alluvialgeomorphic relationships, tephrochronology, and radiocarbon dating provides a framework for interpreting the paleoseismic history of the fault zone. A late Wisconsinan alluvial-fan and piedmont unit containing a 32-36 ka tephra layer is a key stratigraphic datum for paleoseismic measurements. Exploratory trenching and radiocarbon dating of tectonic stratigraphy provide the first estimates for timing of late Quaternary faulting along the Cedar Mountain fault zone. Three trenches display evidence for six faulting events, including that in 1932, during the past 32-36 ka. Radiocarbon dating of organic soils interstratified with tectonically ponded silts establishes best-fit ages of the pre-1932 events at 4, 5,12,15, and 18 ka, each with ??2 ka uncertainties. On the basis of an estimated cumulative net slip of 6-12 m for the six faulting events, minimum and maximum late Quaternary slip rates are 0.2 and 0.7 mm/yr, respectively, and the preferred rate is 0.4-0.5 mm/yr. The average recurrence (interseismic) interval is 3600 yr. The relatively uniform thickness of the ponded deposits suggests that similar-size, characteristic rupture events may characterize late Quaternary slip on the zone. A comparison of event timing with the average late Quaternary recurrence interval indicates that slip has been largely regular (periodic) rather than temporally clustered. To account for the spatial separation of the primary surface faulting in Monte Cristo Valley from the epicenter and for a factor-of-two-to-three disparity between the instrumentally and geologically determined seismic moments associated with the earthquake, we hypothesize two alternative tectonic models containing undetected subevents. Either model would adequately account for the observed faulting on the basis of wrench-fault kinematics that may be associated with the Walker Lane. The 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake is considered an important modern analogue for seismotectonic modeling and estimating seismic hazard in the Walker Lane region. In contrast to most other historical events in the Basin and Range province, the 1932 event did not occur along a major range-bounding fault, and no single, throughgoing basement structure can account for the observed rupture pattern. The 1932 faulting supports the concept that major earthquakes in the Basin and Range province can exhibit complicated distributive rupture patterns and that slip rate may not be a reliable criterion for modeling seismic hazard.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Bell, J.W., DePolo, C., Ramelli, A., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., and Meyer, C., 1999, Surface faulting and paleoseismic history of the 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake area, west-central Nevada, and implications for modern tectonics of the Walker Lane: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 6, p. 791-807.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"807","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9faae4b08c986b31e778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, J. W.","contributorId":54288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DePolo, C.M.","contributorId":74533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePolo","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramelli, A. R.","contributorId":100564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramelli","given":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021455,"text":"70021455 - 1999 - Window into the Caledonian orogen: Structure of the crust beneath the East Shetland platform, United Kingdom","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T00:58:51.275141","indexId":"70021455","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Window into the Caledonian orogen: Structure of the crust beneath the East Shetland platform, United Kingdom","docAbstract":"<p>Reprocessing and interpretation of commercial and deep seismic reflection data across the East Shetland platform and its North Sea margin provide a new view of crustal subbasement structure beneath a poorly known region of the British Caledonian orogen. The East Shetland platform, east of the Great Glen strike-slip fault system, is one of the few areas of the offshore British Caledonides that remained relatively insulated from the Mesozoic and later rifting that involved much of the area around the British Isles, thus providing an “acoustic window” into the deep structure of the orogen. Interpretation of the reflection data suggests that the crust beneath the platform retains a significant amount of its original Caledonian and older architecture. The upper to middle crust is typically poorly reflective except for individual prominent dipping reflectors with complex orientations that decrease in dip with depth and merge with a lower crustal layer of high reflectivity. The three-dimensional structural orientation of the reflectors beneath the East Shetland platform is at variance with Caledonian reflector trends observed elsewhere in the Caledonian orogen (e.g., north of the Scottish mainland), emphasizing the unique tectonic character of this part of the orogen. Upper to middle crustal reflectors are interpreted as Caledonian or older thrust surfaces that were possibly reactivated by Devonian extension associated with post-Caledonian orogenic collapse.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1030:WITCOS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"McBride, J., and England, R., 1999, Window into the Caledonian orogen: Structure of the crust beneath the East Shetland platform, United Kingdom: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 7, p. 1030-1041, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1030:WITCOS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1030","endPage":"1041","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United Kingdom","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              0.9234307350322126,\n              61.44094967890982\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.524811452468299,\n              61.44094967890982\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.524811452468299,\n              55.030638269889465\n            ],\n            [\n              0.9234307350322126,\n              55.030638269889465\n            ],\n            [\n              0.9234307350322126,\n              61.44094967890982\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd127e4b08c986b32f277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"England, R.W.","contributorId":106663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"England","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021428,"text":"70021428 - 1999 - On the relative importance of pool morphology and woody debris to distributions of shrimp in a Puerto Rican headwater stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70021428","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the relative importance of pool morphology and woody debris to distributions of shrimp in a Puerto Rican headwater stream","docAbstract":"In this paper, we report the sizes and distributional orientation of woody debris in a headwater rainforest stream in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico. We also provide results of a 4-month study of a wood addition experiment designed to increase cover for benthic macroinvertebrates (freshwater shrimp). We added branch-sized woody debris to 20 pools in three streams. We trapped four species of freshwater shrimp (two species of benthic detritivores and two predatory shrimp species) during each of the 4 months following wood additions. An analysis of pool morphology (maximum depth, surface area and volume) provided a useful predictor of shrimp abundances. In general, numbers of shrimps increased with sizes of stream pools. A repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated no effect of woody debris additions on total numbers of shrimp per pool area. Two detritivore species (Atya lanipes, a filter feeder and Xiphocaris elongata, a shredder) decreased in abundance with increased woody debris and there was no statistical relationship between woody debris additions and predators (Macrobrachium carcinus and M. crenulatum). Small woody debris additions may have altered flow velocities that were important to filter-feeding Atya at the microhabitat scale, although the overall velocities within pools were not altered by wood additions. Lower numbers of Atya and Xiphocaris in two of the three streams may result from the occurrence of two predaceous fishes (American eel and mountain mullet) and more predatory Macrobrachium in these streams. One likely interpretation of the results of this study is that the stream pools in these study reaches had sufficient habitat structure provided by numerous rock crevices (among large rocks and boulders) to provide refuge from predators. Addition of woody debris did not add significantly to the existing structure. These results may not apply to stream channels with sand and gravel substrata where crevices and undercut banks are lacking and where woody debris often plays a major role by providing structure and refuge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1003831828423","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Pyron, M., Covich, A., and Black, R.W., 1999, On the relative importance of pool morphology and woody debris to distributions of shrimp in a Puerto Rican headwater stream: Hydrobiologia, v. 405, p. 207-215, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003831828423.","startPage":"207","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206428,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003831828423"}],"volume":"405","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6df1e4b0c8380cd753f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyron, M.","contributorId":6613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyron","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Covich, A.P.","contributorId":14965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covich","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, R. W.","contributorId":81943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021333,"text":"70021333 - 1999 - Application of flowmeter and depth-dependent water quality data for improved production well construction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T14:38:26","indexId":"70021333","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of flowmeter and depth-dependent water quality data for improved production well construction","docAbstract":"Ground water production wells commonly are designed to maximize well yield and, therefore, may be screened over several water-bearing zones. These water-bearing zones usually are identified, and their hydrogeologic characteristics and water quality are inferred, on the basis of indirect data such as geologic and geophysical logs. Production well designs based on these data may result in wells that are drilled deeper than necessary and are screened through zones having low permeability or poor-quality ground water. In this study, we examined the application of flowmeter logging and depth-dependent water quality samples for the improved design of production wells in a complex hydrogeologic setting. As a demonstration of these techniques, a flowmeter log and depth-dependent water quality data were collected from a long-screened production well within a multilayered coastal aquifer system in the Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura County, California. Results showed that the well yields most of its water from four zones that constitute 58% of the screened interval. The importance of these zones to well yield was not readily discernible from indirect geologic or geophysical data. The flowmeter logs and downhole water quality data also show that small quantities of poor-quality water could degrade the overall quality of water from the well. The data obtained from one well can be applied to other proposed wells in the same hydrologic basin. The application of flowmeter and depth-dependent water quality data to well design can reduce installation costs and improve the quantity and quality of water produced from wells in complex multiple-aquifer systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb01165.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Gossell, M., Nishikawa, T., Hanson, R.T., Izbicki, J.A., Tabidian, M., and Bertine, K., 1999, Application of flowmeter and depth-dependent water quality data for improved production well construction: Ground Water, v. 37, no. 5, p. 729-735, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb01165.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"735","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9ee4b0c8380cd493ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gossell, M.A.","contributorId":74899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gossell","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":149374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tabidian, M.A.","contributorId":101038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabidian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bertine, K.","contributorId":45855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertine","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021265,"text":"70021265 - 1999 - The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021265","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout. Seven diets were each fed to four replicate lots of 300 first-feeding fry cultured in 75 1 aluminum troughs for 8 weeks. Two basal diets were manufactured with approximately equal nutrient content, one using krill and squid meals and the other anchovy meal as the primary protein-containing ingredients. The meals used to manufacture the diets were separated into two fractions: lipid (ether-extractable); and protein/ash (non-ether-extractable) using a large soxhlet. The fractions were then recombined to create two additional diets; one containing anchovy protein/ash with krill/squid lipid, the other krill/squid protein/ash with fish lipid. A fifth diet recombined krill/squid protein/ash with krill/squid lipid to evaluate effects of the extraction process. Two additional treatments included a diet with a portion of the krill meal replaced by poultry by-product meal, and the basal anchovy meal diet supplemented with sodium, magnesium, and copper. Fish consuming diets containing anchovy meal as the primary protein source gained more weight (P < 0.05) than fish consuming krill/squid meal-based diets. Dorsal fin index (DFI, measured as mean dorsal fin height x 100/total fish length) was greater (P < 0.05) for fish consuming diets containing krill/squid meal protein/ash fraction (DFI = 9.9%-10.0%) than for fish consuming diets containing anchovy meal protein/ash fraction (DFI = 4.9%-5.3%), regardless of lipid source. Supplementation of the anchovy meal diet with sodium, magnesium, and copper improved (P < 0.05) DFI by approximately 20%, but not to the level supported by the krill/squid meal protein/ash fraction diets. The cost of the krill meal diet was reduced by inclusion of poultry by-product meal without affecting dorsal fin condition. These data indicate that the dietary agent contributing to dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout is not present in the ether-extractable fraction of the diet, but rather in the protein or mineral fraction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Barrows, F., and Lellis, W., 1999, The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Aquaculture, v. 180, no. 1-2, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X"},{"id":230223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab20e4b08c986b322c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}