{"pageNumber":"3141","pageRowStart":"78500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184880,"records":[{"id":70022750,"text":"70022750 - 2001 - Detection of buried targets using a new enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70022750","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of buried targets using a new enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system","docAbstract":"In this paper, numerical simulations of a new enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system are presented, where a horizontal transmitting loop and two horizontal receiving loops are used to detect buried targets, in which three loops share the same axis and the transmitter is located at the center of receivers. In the new VETEM system, the difference of signals from two receivers is taken to eliminate strong direct-signals from the transmitter and background clutter and furthermore to obtain a better SNR for buried targets. Because strong coupling exists between the transmitter and receivers, accurate analysis of the three-loop antenna system is required, for which a loop-tree basis function method has been utilized to overcome the low-frequency breakdown problem. In the analysis of scattering problem from buried targets, a conjugate gradient (CG) method with fast Fourier transform (FFT) is applied to solve the electric field integral equation. However, the convergence of such CG-FFT algorithm is extremely slow at very low frequencies. In order to increase the convergence rate, a frequency-hopping approach has been used. Finally, the primary, coupling, reflected, and scattered magnetic fields are evaluated at receiving loops to calculate the output electric current. Numerous simulation results are given to interpret the new VETEM system. Comparing with other single-transmitter-receiver systems, the new VETEM has better SNR and ability to reduce the clutter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/36.975004","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Cui, T., Chew, W., Aydiner, A., Wright, D., and Smith, D., 2001, Detection of buried targets using a new enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 39, no. 12, p. 2702-2712, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.975004.","startPage":"2702","endPage":"2712","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208244,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/36.975004"}],"volume":"39","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff71e4b0c8380cd4f1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cui, T.J.","contributorId":72552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chew, W.C.","contributorId":19730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aydiner, A.A.","contributorId":76088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aydiner","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022749,"text":"70022749 - 2001 - Freshwater fishes of Acadia National Park, Mount Desert Island, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70022749","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwater fishes of Acadia National Park, Mount Desert Island, Maine","docAbstract":"A list of freshwater fishes is presented for Acadia National Park, Mount Desert Island, Maine, based on past survey records, published and unpublished reports, and recent comprehensive surveys within or bordering Park boundaries conducted in 1998 and 1999. Overall, 31 species of fishes have been recorded in freshwaters of the Park or those bordering Park boundaries; 28 of these are still present. Of those, 15 species are likely native to Mount Desert Island, and the indigenous status of one fish species is unknown. The most widely distributed species in lakes and ponds is the golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas Mitchill (83% of ponds), while the most widely-distributed species in brooks is the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill (56%).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Stone, J., Le, B., and Moring, J., 2001, Freshwater fishes of Acadia National Park, Mount Desert Island, Maine: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 8, no. 3, p. 311-318.","startPage":"311","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13e0e4b0c8380cd547fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, J.","contributorId":91210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Le, B.C.","contributorId":96456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moring, J.R.","contributorId":29587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022740,"text":"70022740 - 2001 - Constraining controls on carbonate sequences with high-resolution chronostratigraphy: Upper Miocene, Cabo de Gata region, SE Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022740","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining controls on carbonate sequences with high-resolution chronostratigraphy: Upper Miocene, Cabo de Gata region, SE Spain","docAbstract":"A high-resolution chronostratigraphy has been developed for Miocene shallow-water carbonate strata in the Cabo de Gata region of SE Spain for evaluation of local, regional and global factors that controlled platform architecture prior to and during the Messinian salinity crisis. Paleomagnetic data were collected from strata at three localities. Mean natural remanent magnetization (NRM) ranges between 1.53 ?? 10-8 and 5.2 ?? 10-3 Am2/kg. Incremental thermal and alternating field demagnetization isolated the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM). Rock magnetic studies show that the dominant magnetic mineral is magnetite, but mixtures of magnetite and hematite occur. A composite chronostratigraphy was derived from five stratigraphic sections. Regional stratigraphic data, biostratigraphic data, and an 40Ar/39Ar date of 8.5 ?? 0.1 Ma, for an interbedded volcanic flow, place the strata in geomagnetic polarity Chrons C4r to C3r. Sequence-stratigraphic and diagenetic evidence indicate a major unconformity at the base of depositional sequence (DS)3 that contains a prograding reef complex, suggesting that approximately 250 000 yr of record (Subchrons C3Br.2r to 3Br.1r) are missing near the Messinian-Tortonian boundary. Correlation to the GPTS shows that the studied strata represent five third- to fourth-order DSs. Basal units are temperate to subtropical ramps (DS1A, DS1B, DS2); these are overlain by subtropical to tropical reefal platforms (DS3), which are capped by subtropical to tropical cyclic carbonates (Terminal Carbonate Complex, TCC). Correlation of the Cabo de Gata record to the Melilla area of Morocco, and the Sorbas basin of Spain indicate that early - Late Tortonian ramp strata from these areas are partially time-equivalent. Similar strata are extensively developed in the Western Mediterranean and likely were influenced by a cool climate or influx of nutrients during an overall rise in global sea-level. After ramp deposition, a sequence boundary (SB3) in Cabo de Gata correlates with a sequence boundary in Morocco and a published third-order eustatic fall suggesting at least a partial eustatic control for the sequence boundary. Coral reefs began to develop earlier in Cabo de Gata than at Melilla or Sorbas, arguing for local factors affecting this major environmental transition. Later Messinian reefs (DS3) from all areas are time-equivalent, suggesting a regional or global control on their formation. Some Halimeda-rich horizons in the Western Mediterranean are not time-equivalent event strata as hypothesized by others. Correlation of the relative sea-level curve for the fringing reef complex (DS3) with a published eustatic curve suggests at least a partial third-order global eustatic control for the highstand part of the sequence. Downstepping DS3 reefs and initial subaerial exposure of earlier DS3 reef strata approximately correlate with initiation of a series of subaerial unconformities in the South Pacific. The longer-term relative fall in sea-level during DS3 downstepping reef progradation does not correlate with a published third-order eustatic fall. Eustatic sea-level fluctuations may have been associated with initiation of the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis, but the longer-term fall may have been linked to tectonic uplift in the Mediterranean region. Widespread distribution of 'TCC-style' cycles of approximately the same age suggests a regional (Western Mediterranean) or global control on sea-level change responsible for TCC cycles. In addition, four subaerial exposure-capped TCC cycles may correlate with similar subaerial unconformities in the South Pacific, suggesting at least a partial eustatic control on TCC cyclicity. The high rates of relative sea-level change needed to generate a minimum of 25-30 m sea-level changes associated with each cycle are consistent with glacio-eustacy along with rapid evaporitic drawdown in the Mediterranean. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00324-8","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, P., Farr, M., Franseen, E.K., and Goldstein, R., 2001, Constraining controls on carbonate sequences with high-resolution chronostratigraphy: Upper Miocene, Cabo de Gata region, SE Spain: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 176, no. 1-4, p. 11-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00324-8.","startPage":"11","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208181,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00324-8"}],"volume":"176","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa07e4b0c8380cd4d8ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, P.","contributorId":40480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farr, M.R.","contributorId":65240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farr","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franseen, E. K.","contributorId":30367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franseen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022748,"text":"70022748 - 2001 - Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain 2. Numerical predictions and experimental tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70022748","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain 2. Numerical predictions and experimental tests","docAbstract":"Numerical solutions of the equations describing flow of variably fluidized Coulomb mixtures predict key features of dry granular avalanches and water-saturated debris flows measured in physical experiments. These features include time-dependent speeds, depths, and widths of flows as well as the geometry of resulting deposits. Threedimensional (3-D) boundary surfaces strongly influence flow dynamics because transverse shearing and cross-stream momentum transport occur where topography obstructs or redirects motion. Consequent energy dissipation can cause local deceleration and deposition, even on steep slopes. Velocities of surge fronts and other discontinuities that develop as flows cross 3-D terrain are predicted accurately by using a Riemann solution algorithm. The algorithm employs a gravity wave speed that accounts for different intensities of lateral stress transfer in regions of extending and compressing flow and in regions with different degrees of fluidization. Field observations and experiments indicate that flows in which fluid plays a significant role typically have high-friction margins with weaker interiors partly fluidized by pore pressure. Interaction of the strong perimeter and weak interior produces relatively steep-sided, flat-topped deposits. To simulate these effects, we compute pore pressure distributions using an advection-diffusion model with enhanced diffusivity near flow margins. Although challenges remain in evaluating pore pressure distributions in diverse geophysical flows, Riemann solutions of the depthaveraged 3-D Coulomb mixture equations provide a powerful tool for interpreting and predicting flow behavior. They provide a means of modeling debris flows, rock avalanches, pyroclastic flows, and related phenomena without invoking and calibrating Theological parameters that have questionable physical significance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R., and Iverson, R., 2001, Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain 2. Numerical predictions and experimental tests: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B1, p. 553-566.","startPage":"553","endPage":"566","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124ae4b0c8380cd5424c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, R.P.","contributorId":49367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, R.M. 0000-0002-7369-3819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":16435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022744,"text":"70022744 - 2001 - Optical dating of tsunami-laid sand from an Oregon coastal lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022744","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optical dating of tsunami-laid sand from an Oregon coastal lake","docAbstract":"Optical ages for five samples of tsunami-laid sand from an Oregon coastal lake were determined using an infrared optical-dating method on K-feldspar separates and, as a test of accuracy, compared to ages determined by AMS 14C dating of detrital plant fragments found in the same beds. Two optical ages were about 20% younger than calibrated 14C ages of about 3.1 and 4.3 ka. Correction of the optical ages using measured anomalous fading rates brings them into agreement with the 14C ages. The approach used holds significant promise for improving the accuracy of infrared optical-dating methods. Luminescence data for the other three samples result in optical age limits much greater than the 14C ages. These data provide a textbook demonstration of the correlation between scatter in the luminescence intensity of individual sample aliquots and their normalization values that is expected when the samples contain sand grains not adequately exposed to daylight just prior to or during deposition and burial. Thus, the data for these three samples suggest that the tsunamis eroded young and old sand deposits before dropping the sand in the lake. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00043-9","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Ollerhead, J., Huntley, D., Nelson, A., and Kelsey, H., 2001, Optical dating of tsunami-laid sand from an Oregon coastal lake: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 20, no. 18, p. 1915-1926, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00043-9.","startPage":"1915","endPage":"1926","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00043-9"}],"volume":"20","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ecee4b0c8380cd757f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ollerhead, J.","contributorId":84123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollerhead","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntley, D.J.","contributorId":24932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntley","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelsey, H.M.","contributorId":84300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022720,"text":"70022720 - 2001 - Use of deuterated water as a conservative artificial ground water tracer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022720","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of deuterated water as a conservative artificial ground water tracer","docAbstract":"Conservative tracers are necessary to obtain groundwater transport velocities at the field scale. Deuterated water is an effective tracer for this purpose due to its similarity to water, chemical stability, non-reactivity, ease of handling and sampling, relatively neutral buoyancy, and reasonable price. Reliable detection limits of 0.1 mg deuterium/L may be obtained in field tests. A field example is presented in which deuterated water, bromide, and pentafluorobenzoic acid are used as groundwater tracers. Deuterated water appeared to be transported conservatively, producing almost identical breakthrough curves as that of other soluble tracers. ?? Springer-Verlag 2001.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s100400100157","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Becker, M., and Coplen, T., 2001, Use of deuterated water as a conservative artificial ground water tracer: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 9, no. 5, p. 512-516, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400100157.","startPage":"512","endPage":"516","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400100157"},{"id":233346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbee3e4b08c986b32983a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, M.W.","contributorId":35896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022719,"text":"70022719 - 2001 - Automated ground-water monitoring with robowell-Case studies and potential applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022719","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Automated ground-water monitoring with robowell-Case studies and potential applications","docAbstract":"Robowell is an automated system and method for monitoring ground-water quality. Robowell meets accepted manual-sampling protocols without high labor and laboratory costs. Robowell periodically monitors and records water-quality properties and constituents in ground water by pumping a well or multilevel sampler until one or more purge criteria have been met. A record of frequent water-quality measurements from a monitoring site can indicate changes in ground-water quality and can provide a context for the interpretation of laboratory data from discrete samples. Robowell also can communicate data and system performance through a remote communication link. Remote access to ground-water data enables the user to monitor conditions and optimize manual sampling efforts. Six Robowell prototypes have successfully monitored ground-water quality during all four seasons of the year under different hydrogeologic conditions, well designs, and geochemical environments. The U.S. Geological Survey is seeking partners for research with robust and economical water-quality monitoring instruments designed to measure contaminants of concern in conjunction with the application and commercialization of the Robowell technology. Project publications and information about technology transfer opportunities are available on the Internet at URL http://ma.water.usgs.gov/automon/.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground","conferenceDate":"1 November 2001 through 2 November 2001","conferenceLocation":"Newton, MA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.456921","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., and Smith, K., 2001, Automated ground-water monitoring with robowell-Case studies and potential applications, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4575, Newton, MA, 1 November 2001 through 2 November 2001, p. 32-41, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.456921.","startPage":"32","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208004,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.456921"},{"id":233345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4575","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eef4e4b0c8380cd4a074","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jensen J LBurggraf L W","contributorId":128453,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jensen J LBurggraf L W","id":536484,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Granato, G.E.","contributorId":61457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K.P.","contributorId":54231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022713,"text":"70022713 - 2001 - Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70022713","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington","docAbstract":"We studied diets of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in three different regions of Washington State during 1983-96. Northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) were the most important prey in most areas, comprising 29-54% of prey numbers and 45-59% of prey biomass. Other important prey included snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), bushy-tailed woodrats (Neoloma cinerea), boreal red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), and mice (Peromyscus maniculatus, P. oreas). Non-mammalian prey generally comprised less than 15% of prey numbers and biomass. Mean prey mass was 111.4 ?? 1.5 g on the Olympic Peninsula, 74.8 ?? 2.9 g in the Western Cascades, and 91.3 ?? 1.7 g in the Eastern Cascades. Diets varied among territories, years, and seasons. Annual variation in diet was characterized by small changes in relative occurrence of different prey types rather than a complete restructuring of the diet. Predation on snowshoe hares was primarily restricted to small juveniles captured during spring and summer. Mean prey mass did not differ between nesting and nonnesting owls in 19 of 21 territories examined. However, the direction of the difference was positive in 15 of the 21 cases (larger mean for nesting owls), suggesting a trend toward larger prey in samples collected from nesting owls. We suggest that differences in diet among years, seasons, and territories are probably due primarily to differences in prey abundance. However, there are other factors that could cause such differences, including individual variation in prey selection, variation in the timing of pellet collections, and variation in prey accessibility in different cover types. ?? 2001 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Forsman, E., Otto, I., Sovern, S., Taylor, M., Hays, D., Allen, H., Roberts, S., and Seaman, D., 2001, Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 141-150.","startPage":"141","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9455e4b08c986b31a9f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otto, I.A.","contributorId":6634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"I.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sovern, S.G.","contributorId":21725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovern","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, M.","contributorId":97872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hays, D.W.","contributorId":70967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allen, H.","contributorId":59209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roberts, S.L.","contributorId":102246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Seaman, D.E.","contributorId":102845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaman","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70023253,"text":"70023253 - 2001 - Seedling mortality in Hawaiian rain forest: The role of small-scale physical disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T15:51:24.853482","indexId":"70023253","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1045,"text":"Biotropica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seedling mortality in Hawaiian rain forest: The role of small-scale physical disturbance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most montane rain forests on the island of Hawaii consist of a closed canopy formed by&nbsp;</span><i>Cibotium</i><span>&nbsp;spp. tree ferns beneath an open canopy of emergent&nbsp;</span><i>Metrosideros polymorpha</i><span>&nbsp;trees. We used artificial seedlings to assess the extent to which physical disturbance caused by the senescing fronds of tree ferns and the activities of feral pigs might limit tree regeneration. Artificial seedlings were established terrestrially (</span><i>N</i><span>= 300) or epiphytically (</span><i>N =</i><span>&nbsp;300) on tree fern stems. Half of the seedlings on each substrate were in an exclosure lacking feral pigs and half were in forest with pigs present. After one year, the percentage of seedlings damaged was significantly greater among terrestrial seedlings (25.7%) than epiphytic seedlings (11.3%). Significantly more terrestrial seedlings were damaged in the presence of pigs (31.3%) than in the absence of pigs (20.0%). Senescing fronds of tree ferns were responsible for 60.3 percent of the damaged seedlings. Physical disturbance is potentially a major cause of seedling mortality and may reduce the expected half-life of a seedling cohort to less than two years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00182.x","usgsCitation":"Drake, D.R., and Pratt, L.W., 2001, Seedling mortality in Hawaiian rain forest: The role of small-scale physical disturbance: Biotropica, v. 33, no. 2, p. 319-323, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00182.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.0177764892578,\n              19.332526369847702\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0438690185547,\n              19.330582575049508\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0994873046875,\n              19.388238642115578\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1228332519531,\n              19.39601093343177\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.13587951660156,\n              19.379170499941292\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23200988769528,\n              19.397953948267734\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23681640625,\n              19.41867799583191\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2704620361328,\n              19.436809370143173\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28007507324216,\n              19.434866819701945\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2972412109375,\n              19.454938719968595\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.32470703125,\n              19.44652177370614\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.36109924316406,\n              19.383056908418272\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.39199829101562,\n              19.34289288466279\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.42152404785156,\n              19.24632927300332\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.43731689453125,\n              19.177598387749878\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.43731689453125,\n              19.160735484156255\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3638458251953,\n              19.20159262068579\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.33294677734375,\n              19.23206673568465\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28831481933594,\n              19.265127996468802\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1825714111328,\n              19.25605301966429\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.11322021484375,\n              19.279387659275706\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0164031982422,\n              19.329286698998818\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0177764892578,\n              19.332526369847702\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8acbe4b08c986b3173ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, Donald R.","contributorId":27765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Linda W. lpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Linda","email":"lpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":397027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023787,"text":"70023787 - 2001 - Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:22:57.383783","indexId":"70023787","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements","docAbstract":"<p><span>The January 1997 East Rift Zone eruption on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, occurred within a network of continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The GPS measurements reveal the temporal history of deformation during dike intrusion, beginning ∼8 hours prior to the onset of the eruption. The dike volume as a function of time, estimated from the GPS data using elastic Green's functions for a homogeneous half-space, shows that only two thirds of the final dike volume accumulated prior to the eruption and the rate of volume change decreased with time. These observations are inconsistent with simple models of dike propagation, which predict accelerating dike volume up to the time of the eruption and little or no change thereafter. Deflationary tilt changes at Kilauea summit mirror the inferred dike volume history, suggesting that the rate of dike propagation is limited by flow of magma into the dike. A simple, lumped parameter model of a coupled dike magma chamber system shows that the tendency for a dike to end in an eruption (rather than intrusion) is favored by high initial dike pressures, compressional stress states, large, compressible magma reservoirs, and highly conductive conduits linking the dike and source reservoirs. Comparison of model predictions to the observed dike volume history, the ratio of erupted to intruded magma, and the deflationary history of the summit magma chamber suggest that most of the magma supplied to the growing dike came from sources near to the eruption through highly conductive conduits. Interpretation is complicated by the presence of multiple source reservoirs, magma vesiculation and cooling, as well as spatial variations in dike-normal stress. Reinflation of the summit magma chamber following the eruption was measured by GPS and accompanied a rise in the level of the Pu'u O'o lava lake. For a spheroidal chamber these data imply a summit magma chamber volume of ∼20 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>, consistent with recent estimates from seismic tomography. Continuous deformation measurements can be used to image the spatiotemporal evolution of propagating dikes and to reveal quantitative information about the volcanic plumbing systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000229","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Segall, P., Cervelli, P., Owen, S., Lisowski, M., and Mikijus, A., 2001, Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B9, p. 19301-19317, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000229.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"19301","endPage":"19317","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.29356501158992,\n              19.397005960508707\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2859111779368,\n              19.394092842334288\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27261767738136,\n              19.395866050911422\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26912645501318,\n              19.398905792091867\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26442673259461,\n              19.403591948485584\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2574442878584,\n              19.4057450021093\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25059612090553,\n              19.41017766982378\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24643350962046,\n              19.408911205662818\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24012245380123,\n              19.409037852522204\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23891395375074,\n              19.41359707378831\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24079384271812,\n              19.41486350145172\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24321084281917,\n              19.418156167201673\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24549356513683,\n              19.41878936450675\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25086467647228,\n              19.417902887589094\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25637006559123,\n              19.42309504075868\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.257310010075,\n              19.42828702802622\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25905562125902,\n              19.430059863724253\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2683207883129,\n              19.43081964452884\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27449756634877,\n              19.432339195474597\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27986867768433,\n              19.43031312438704\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28765678912083,\n              19.421955314029162\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29611628947433,\n              19.416003277912424\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2957134561242,\n              19.413090499961413\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29799617844174,\n              19.409544438976212\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29356501158992,\n              19.397005960508707\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0ae4b0c8380cd4d8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023786,"text":"70023786 - 2001 - Sample-size requirements for evaluating population size structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023786","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sample-size requirements for evaluating population size structure","docAbstract":"A method with an accompanying computer program is described to estimate the number of individuals needed to construct a sample length-frequency with a given accuracy and precision. First, a reference length-frequency assumed to be accurate for a particular sampling gear and collection strategy was constructed. Bootstrap procedures created length-frequencies with increasing sample size that were randomly chosen from the reference data and then were compared with the reference length-frequency by calculating the mean squared difference. Outputs from two species collected with different gears and an artificial even length-frequency are used to describe the characteristics of the method. The relations between the number of individuals used to construct a length-frequency and the similarity to the reference length-frequency followed a negative exponential distribution and showed the importance of using 300-400 individuals whenever possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0660:SSRFEP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Vokoun, J., Rabeni, C., and Stanovick, J., 2001, Sample-size requirements for evaluating population size structure: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 660-665, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0660:SSRFEP>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"660","endPage":"665","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207568,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0660:SSRFEP>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab067e4b0c8380cd87abe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vokoun, J.C.","contributorId":75302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vokoun","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanovick, J.S.","contributorId":20510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanovick","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023784,"text":"70023784 - 2001 - Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023784","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish","docAbstract":"Determining the importance of prey taxa in the diets of predacious species is a frequent objective in fisheries research. Various indices of prey importance are in common use, and all give different results because of their emphasis on different aspects of fish diets. We explored these differences by empirically comparing four well-known indices-percent weight (%W), percent occurrence (%O), percent number (%N), and percent index of relative importance (%IRI)-as well as a modified %IRI (%MIRI), as applied to an extensive data set on the diets of six fish species in Spirit Lake, Iowa. Correlations among all indices were positive but were weaker among component indices (%W, %O, and %N) than between the two compound indices (%IRI and %MIRI); correlations among component indices were also weaker than correlations of compound with component indices. Correlation strength of %MIRI with the three component indices varied greatly (%N %O %W), whereas the correlation strength of %IRI with component indices was similar. Importance values based on %W, %MIRI, and %N depend more on prey size than those based on %IRI and %O. The %W and %MIRI emphasized the importance of large prey taxa, whereas %N emphasized small prey in diets; %IRI and %O were similarly unbiased with respect to prey size. The %O yielded substantially higher importance values than all other indices. Thus, for use as a general index of dietary importance, we believe %IRI provides the optimal balancing of frequency of occurrence, numerical abundance, and abundance by weight of taxa in fish diets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0583:EAOIOP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Liao, H., Pierce, C., and Larscheid, J.G., 2001, Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 130, no. 4, p. 583-591, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0583:EAOIOP>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"583","endPage":"591","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487463,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/116","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207548,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0583:EAOIOP>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0905e4b0c8380cd51d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liao, H.","contributorId":42752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larscheid, J. G.","contributorId":11796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larscheid","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023783,"text":"70023783 - 2001 - Using multiple geochemical tracers to characterize the hydrogeology of the submarine spring off Crescent Beach, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-03T16:49:35.074196","indexId":"70023783","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multiple geochemical tracers to characterize the hydrogeology of the submarine spring off Crescent Beach, Florida","docAbstract":"<p id=\"simple-para.0080\">A spectacular submarine spring is located about 4 km east of Crescent Beach, FL, in the Atlantic Ocean. The single vent feature of Crescent Beach Spring provides a unique opportunity to examine onshore–offshore hydrogeologic processes, as well as point source submarine ground water discharge. The Floridan aquifer system in northeastern Florida consists of Tertiary interspersed limestone and dolomite strata. Impermeable beds confine the water-bearing zones under artesian pressure. Miocene and younger confining strata have been eroded away at the vent feature, enabling direct hydrologic communication of Eocene ground water with coastal bottom waters.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0085\">The spring water had a salinity of 6.02, which was immediately diluted by ambient seawater during advection/mixing. The concentration of major solutes in spring water and onshore well waters confirm a generalized easterly flow direction of artesian ground water. Nutrient concentrations were generally low in the reducing vent samples, and the majority of the total nitrogen species existed as NH<sub>3</sub>. The submarine ground water tracers, Rn-222 (1174 dpm l<sup>−1</sup>, dpm), methane (232 nM) and barium (294.5 nM) were all highly enriched in the spring water relative to ambient seawater. The concentrations of the reverse redox elements U, V and Mo were expectedly low in the submarine waters. The strontium isotope ratio of the vent water (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr=0.70798) suggests that the spring water contain an integrated signature indicative of Floridan aquifer system ground water. Additional Sr isotopic ratios from a series of surficial and Lower Floridan well samples suggest dynamic ground water mixing, and do not provide clear evidence for a single hydrogeologic water source at the spring vent. In this karst-dominated aquifer, such energetic mixing at the vent feature is expected, and would be facilitated by conduit and fractured flow. Radium isotope activities were utilized to estimate flow-path trajectories and to provide information on potential travel times between an onshore well and the spring. Using either<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>223</sup>Ra and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>224</sup>Ra or<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup>Ra, and qualifying this approach with several key assumptions, estimates of water mass travel times from an upper Floridan well in Crescent Beach to the submarine vent feature (distance=4050 m) are in the order of ∼0.01–0.1 m min<sup>−1</sup>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00322-9","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Reich, C., Spechler, R., Kindinger, J., and Moore, W., 2001, Using multiple geochemical tracers to characterize the hydrogeology of the submarine spring off Crescent Beach, Florida: Chemical Geology, v. 179, no. 1-4, p. 187-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00322-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Crescent Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.28028869628905,\n              29.74798440371394\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23153686523438,\n              29.74798440371394\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23153686523438,\n              29.786429141465277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.28028869628905,\n              29.786429141465277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.28028869628905,\n              29.74798440371394\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"179","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc07be4b08c986b32a152","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reich, C. D. 0000-0002-2534-1456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":36978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spechler, R. M.","contributorId":85961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kindinger, J. L.","contributorId":38983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, W.S.","contributorId":90875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023782,"text":"70023782 - 2001 - In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:43:33","indexId":"70023782","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination","docAbstract":"In situ stimulation of denitrification has been proposed as a mechanism to remediate groundwater nitrate contamination. In this study, sodium formate was added to a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, to test whether formate could serve as a potential electron donor for subsurface denitrification. During 16- and 10-day trials, groundwater from an anoxic nitrate-containing zone (0.5-1.5 mM) was continuously withdrawn, amended with formate and bromide, and pumped back into the aquifer. Concentrations of groundwater constituents were monitored in multilevel samplers after up to 15 m of transport by natural gradient flow. Nitrate and formate concentrations were decreased 80-100% and 60-70%, respectively, with time and subsequent travel distance, while nitrite concentrations inversely increased. The field experiment breakthrough curves were simulated with a two-dimensional site-specific model that included transport, denitrification, and microbial growth. Initial values for model parameters were obtained from laboratory incubations with aquifer core material and then refined to fit field breakthrough curves. The model and the lab results indicated that formate-enhanced nitrite reduction was nearly 4-fold slower than nitrate reduction, but in the lab, nitrite was completely consumed with sufficient exposure time. Results of this study suggest that a long-term injection of formate is necessary to test the remediation potential of this approach for nitrate contamination and that adaptation to nitrite accumulation will be a key determinative factor.In situ stimulation of denitrification has been proposed as a mechanism to remediate groundwater nitrate contamination. In this study, sodium formate was added to a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, to test whether formate could serve as a potential electron donor for subsurface denitrification. During 16- and 10-day trials, groundwater from an anoxic nitrate-containing zone (0.5-1.5 mM) was continuously withdrawn, amended with formate and bromide, and pumped back into the aquifer. Concentrations of groundwater constituents were monitored in multilevel samplers after up to 15 m of transport by natural gradient flow. Nitrate and formate concentrations were decreased 80-100% and 60-70%, respectively, with time and subsequent travel distance, while nitrite concentrations inversely increased. The field experiment breakthrough curves were simulated with a two-dimensional site-specific model that included transport, denitrification, and microbial growth. Initial values for model parameters were obtained from laboratory incubations with aquifer core material and then refined to fit field breakthrough curves. The model and the lab results indicated that formate-enhanced nitrite reduction was nearly 4-fold slower than nitrate reduction, but in the lab, nitrite was completely consumed with sufficient exposure time. Results of this study suggest that a long-term injection of formate is necessary to test the remediation potential of this approach for nitrate contamination and that adaptation to nitrite accumulation will be a key determinative factor.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es001360p","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Miller, D., Brooks, M.H., Widdowson, M., and Killingstad, M., 2001, In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 196-203, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001360p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"196","endPage":"203","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001360p"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39abe4b0c8380cd619da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, D.N.","contributorId":36324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Widdowson, M.A.","contributorId":46262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Killingstad, M.W.","contributorId":105478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killingstad","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023781,"text":"70023781 - 2001 - Reproductive ecology and demography of the 'Akohekohe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T13:44:11","indexId":"70023781","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive ecology and demography of the 'Akohekohe","docAbstract":"<p><span>The &lsquo;Ākohekohe (</span><i>Palmeria dolei</i><span>) is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to the montane rain forests of east Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. We investigated &lsquo;Ākohekohe nesting ecology using color-banded birds for the first time as a background to understanding the species' conservation. From 1994&ndash;1997, we color-banded 78 individuals, located and monitored 46 active nests, and took behavioral data during 534 hr of nest observation at Hanawī Natural Area Reserve, near the center of the species' range. &lsquo;Ākohekohe nesting behavior and life history closely resembled that of &lsquo;Apapane (</span><i>Himatione sanguinea</i><span>) and related honeycreepers. The birds were monogamous within and among years, and we found no evidence of polyandry, polygyny, or helpers at the nest. The nesting season extended from November to early June. Females performed all incubation and brooding. Males provisioned females and nestlings, and they were more active than females in feeding fledglings during the two-week period of parental dependency. Modal clutch size, as determined from egg counts at three nests and by counting begging chicks at other nests, was two eggs, and parents frequently fledged two chicks. We found an overall nest success rate of 68% by the Mayfield method, a high rate compared with other Hawaiian honeycreepers and continental passerines. An average of 1.1 chicks fledged per active nest, and at least 42% of nesting pairs made two or more nesting attempts per season. Rats (</span><i>Rattus</i><span>&nbsp;spp.) were abundant at the study site, and we confirmed their depredating some &lsquo;Ākohekohe nests, so we did not expect to find such a high rate of nest success. The estimated annual probability of adult survival was also high, at 0.95 &plusmn; 0.10 (SE).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Onithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0736:READOT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Simon, J.C., Pratt, T.K., Berlin, K.E., and Kowalsky, J.R., 2001, Reproductive ecology and demography of the 'Akohekohe: Condor, v. 103, no. 4, p. 736-745, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0736:READOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"745","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0736:readot]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8cae4b0c8380cd85a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, John C.","contributorId":71673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berlin, Kim E.","contributorId":70522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kowalsky, James R.","contributorId":54707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalsky","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023780,"text":"70023780 - 2001 - Volcano monitoring using the Global Positioning System: Filtering strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:43:58.015268","indexId":"70023780","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano monitoring using the Global Positioning System: Filtering strategies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) networks are routinely used for producing improved orbits and monitoring secular tectonic deformation. For these applications, data are transferred to an analysis center each day and routinely processed in 24-hour segments. To use GPS for monitoring volcanic events, which may last only a few hours, real-time or near real-time data processing and subdaily position estimates are valuable. Strategies have been researched for obtaining station coordinates every 15 min using a Kalman filter; these strategies have been tested on data collected by a GPS network on Kilauea Volcano. Data from this network are tracked continuously, recorded every 30 s, and telemetered hourly to the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. A white noise model is heavily impacted by data outages and poor satellite geometry, but a properly constrained random walk model fits the data well. Using a borehole tiltmeter at Kilauea's summit as ground-truth, solutions using different random walk constraints were compared. This study indicates that signals on the order of 5 mm/h are resolvable using a random walk standard deviation of 0.45 cm/√h. Values lower than this suppress small signals, and values greater than this have significantly higher noise at periods of 1–6 hours.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000305","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Larson, K., Cervelli, P., Lisowski, M., Mikijus, A., Segall, P., and Owen, S., 2001, Volcano monitoring using the Global Positioning System: Filtering strategies: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B9, p. 19453-19464, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000305.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"19453","endPage":"19464","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000305","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.26777118658742,\n              19.398103039773005\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26519626593304,\n              19.40231282179836\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2530083081693,\n              19.407655849794338\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23910373663622,\n              19.406846311379084\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23704380011282,\n              19.414941514169755\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24974674200735,\n              19.42433144440021\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26021808600137,\n              19.43015940404547\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.279959144351,\n              19.4316163612869\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29849857306192,\n              19.41332250585515\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29884189581594,\n              19.40490340274536\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29437870001507,\n              19.40490340274536\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29386371588427,\n              19.394055069727003\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28013080572794,\n              19.396807700313744\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26777118658742,\n              19.398103039773005\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc335e4b08c986b32b005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, K.M.","contributorId":84949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023779,"text":"70023779 - 2001 - Negligible risk associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from an infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) endemic area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:35:03","indexId":"70023779","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Negligible risk associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from an infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) endemic area","docAbstract":"<p>To assess the risk of transmission of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, from an area where the virus is endemic, 240 freshly eviscerated fish (225-500 g) exhibiting spinal curvature or spinal compression types of deformities were tested for IHNV by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Commercially produced rainbow trout, approximately 1-year-old, that exhibited spinal deformities were considered to have had a high likelihood of having survived an outbreak of IHN. Serological analysis of fish exhibiting spinal curvature or spinal compression types of deformities for anti-IHNV antibodies resulted, in 71 and 50% of the serum samples, respectively, with detectable neutralization activity suggesting previous infection with IHNV. A portion of the skin and muscle in the area of the deformity was collected, as well as brain tissue from each commercially processed fish. Tissue homogenates were tested for IHNV using the epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell line pretreated with polyethylene glycol and the chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cell line using standard methods. Nested, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR for the detection of IHNV used the central 1231 bp portion of the glycoprotein (G) challenge studies and is suggested as a mechanism responsible for virus clearance. These results provide scientific information that can be used to assess the risk associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout from an IHNV endemic area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00316.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"LaPatra, S., Batts, W., Overturf, K., Jones, G., Shewmaker, W.D., and Winton, J., 2001, Negligible risk associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from an infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) endemic area: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 24, no. 7, p. 399-408, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00316.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"408","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207509,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00316.x"}],"volume":"24","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a643de4b0c8380cd7294b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPatra, S. E.","contributorId":55371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaPatra","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batts, W.N. 0000-0002-6469-9004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":51043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overturf, K.","contributorId":72167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overturf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, G.N.","contributorId":50690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shewmaker, W. D.","contributorId":107066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shewmaker","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023777,"text":"70023777 - 2001 - Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T15:20:26","indexId":"70023777","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon","docAbstract":"<p>Binary coded wire tags (CWTs) are used extensively for identification and management of anadromous salmonid populations. A study of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in two brood year groups of hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha provided strong evidence that horizontal transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of BKD, might be enhanced by CWT-marking procedures. About 4 months after CWTs were implanted in the snouts of juvenile fish, 14-16 different tissues were sampled from each of 60 fish per brood year group for histological analysis. Of the fish that were positive for R. salmoninarum by histological examination, 41% (7 of 17) of the 1988 brood year fish and 24% (10 of 42) of the 1989 brood year fish had BKD lesions confined to the head near the site of tag implantation. These lesions often resulted in the destruction of tissues of one or both olfactory organs. No focal snout infections were observed in fish that had not been marked with CWTs. Further data obtained from tissue analyses by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a fluorescent antibody test for detection of R. salmoninarum supported the hypothesis that infections of R. salmoninarum can be initiated in the snout tissues of CWT-marked fish and then spread to other organs. The tagging procedures might promote transmission of the pathogen among fish via contaminated tagging needles, by facilitating the entry of pathogens through the injection wound, or both. Limited evidence from this study suggested that implantation of passive integrated transponder tags in the peritoneal cavities of fish might also promote the transmission of R. salmoninarum or exacerbate existing infections. The results indicated a need for strict sanitary procedures during the tagging of fish in populations positive for R. salmoninarum to reduce the probability of enhanced horizontal transmission of the pathogen.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0181:ETCWTP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., and Pascho, R., 2001, Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 13, no. 3, p. 181-193, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0181:ETCWTP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0181:ETCWTP>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d71e4b0c8380cd5300b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023776,"text":"70023776 - 2001 - Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T11:00:49","indexId":"70023776","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estuaries receive large quantities of suspended sediments following the first major storm of the water year. The first-flush events transport the majority of suspended sediments in any given year, and because of their relative freshness in the hydrologic system, these sediments may carry a significant amount of the sediment-associated pesticide load transported into estuaries. To characterize sediment-associated pesticides during a first-flush event, water and suspended sediment samples were collected at the head of the San Francisco Bay during the peak in suspended sediment concentration that followed the first major storm of the 1996 hydrologic year. Samples were analyzed for a variety of parameters as well as 19 pesticides and degradation products that span a wide range of hydrophobicity. Tidal mixing at the head of the estuary mixed relatively fresh suspended sediment transported down the rivers with suspended sediments in estuary waters. Segregation of the samples into groups with similar degrees of mixing between river and estuary water revealed that transport of suspended sediments from the Sacramento-San Joaquin drainage basin strongly influenced the concentration and distribution of sediment-associated pesticides entering the San Francisco Bay. The less-mixed suspended sediment contained a different distribution of pesticides than the sediments exposed to greater mixing. Temporal trends were evident in pesticide content after samples were segregated according to mixing history. These results indicate sampling strategies that collect at a low frequency or do not compare samples with similar mixing histories will not elucidate basin processes. Despite the considerable influence of mixing, a large number of pesticides were found associated with the suspended sediments. Few pesticides were found in the concurrent water samples and in concentrations much lower than predicted from equilibrium partitioning between the aqueous and sedimentary phases. The observed sediment-associated pesticide concentrations may reflect disequilibria between sedimentary and aqueous phases resulting from long equilibration times at locations where pesticides were applied, and relatively short transit times over which re-equilibration may occur.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353239","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B.A., Kuivila, K., and Fram, M.S., 2001, Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996: Estuaries, v. 24, no. 3, p. 368-380, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353239.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"368","endPage":"380","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7736e4b0c8380cd7844c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":190790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023775,"text":"70023775 - 2001 - Locating earthquakes: At what distance can the Earth no longer be treated as flat?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T17:23:37.545264","indexId":"70023775","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Locating earthquakes: At what distance can the Earth no longer be treated as flat?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.72.5.538","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Snoke, J., and Lahr, J., 2001, Locating earthquakes: At what distance can the Earth no longer be treated as flat?: Seismological Research Letters, v. 72, no. 5, p. 538-541, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.5.538.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"541","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"72","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48fee4b0c8380cd682ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snoke, J.A.","contributorId":23310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahr, J.C.","contributorId":34892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023774,"text":"70023774 - 2001 - A metadata initiative for global information discovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023774","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1850,"text":"Government Information Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A metadata initiative for global information discovery","docAbstract":"The Global Information Locator Service (GILS) encompasses a global vision framed by the fundamental values of open societies. Societal values such as a free flow of information impose certain requirements on the society's information infrastructure. These requirements in turn shape the various laws, policies, standards, and technologies that determine the infrastructure design. A particular focus of GILS is the requirement to provide the means for people to discover sources of data and information. Information discovery in the GILS vision is designed to be decentralized yet coherent, and globally comprehensive yet useful for detailed data. This article introduces basic concepts and design issues, with emphasis on the techniques by which GILS supports interoperability. It explains the practical implications of GILS for the common roles of organizations involved in handling information, from content provider through system engineer and intermediary to searcher. The article provides examples of GILS initiatives in various types of communities: bibliographic, geographic, environmental, and government. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Government Information Quarterly","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0740-624X(01)00074-0","issn":"0740624X","usgsCitation":"Christian, E., 2001, A metadata initiative for global information discovery: Government Information Quarterly, v. 18, no. 3, p. 209-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-624X(01)00074-0.","startPage":"209","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207460,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-624X(01)00074-0"},{"id":232426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e44de4b0c8380cd4657c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christian, E.","contributorId":99318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023772,"text":"70023772 - 2001 - Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado front range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T10:31:23","indexId":"70023772","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado front range","docAbstract":"<p>A wildfire in May 1996 burned 4690 hectares in two watersheds forested by ponderosa pine and Douglas fir in a steep, mountainous landscape with a summer, convective thunderstorm precipitation regime. The wildfire lowered the erosion threshold in the watersheds, and consequently amplified the subsequent erosional response to shorter time interval episodic rainfall and created both erosional and depositional features in a complex pattern throughout the watersheds. The initial response during the first four years was an increase in runoff and erosion rates followed by decreases toward pre-fire rates. The maximum unit-area peak discharge was 24 m3 s-1 km-2 for a rainstorm in 1996 with a rain intensity of 90 mm h-1. Recovery to pre-fire conditions seems to have occurred by 2000 because for a maximum 30-min rainfall intensity of 50 mm h-1, the unit-area peak discharge in 1997 was 6.6 m3 s-1 km-2, while in 2000 a similar intensity produced only 0.11 m3 s-1 km-2. Rill erosion accounted for 6 per cent, interrill erosion for 14 per cent, and drainage erosion for 80 per cent of the initial erosion in 1996. This represents about a 200-fold increase in erosion rates on hillslopes which had a recovery or relaxation time of about three years. About 67 per cent of the initially eroded sediment is still stored in the watersheds after four years with an estimated residence time greater than 300 years. This residence time is much greater than the fire recurrence interval so erosional and depositional features may become legacies from the wildfire and may affect landscape evolution by acting as a new set of initial conditions for subsequent wildfire and flood sequences.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.253","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Martin, D.A., 2001, Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado front range: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 26, no. 10, p. 1049-1070, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.253.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1049","endPage":"1070","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes 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,{"id":70023741,"text":"70023741 - 2001 - Calibration of the DRASTIC ground water vulnerability mapping method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:40:56.059708","indexId":"70023741","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of the DRASTIC ground water vulnerability mapping method","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ground water vulnerability maps developed using the DRASTIC method have been produced in many parts of the world. Comparisons of those maps with actual ground water quality data have shown that the DRASTIC method is typically a poor predictor of ground water contamination. This study significantly improved the effectiveness of a modified DRASTIC ground water vulnerability map by calibrating the point rating schemes to actual ground water quality data by using nonparametric statistical techniques and a geographic information system. Calibration was performed by comparing data on nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (NO</span><sub>2</sub><span>+ NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N) concentrations in ground water to land-use, soils, and depth to first-encountered ground water data. These comparisons showed clear statistical differences between NO</span><sub>2</sub><span>+ NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N concentrations and the various categories. Ground water probability point ratings for NO</span><sub>2</sub><span>+ NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N contamination were developed from the results of these comparisons, and a probability map was produced. This ground water probability map was then correlated with an independent set of NO</span><sub>2</sub><span>+ NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N data to demonstrate its effectiveness in predicting elevated NO</span><sub>2</sub><span>+ NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N concentrations in ground water. This correlation demonstrated that the probability map was effective, but a vulnerability map produced with the uncalibrated DRASTIC method in the same area and using the same data layers was not effective. Considerable time and expense have been outlaid to develop ground water vulnerability maps with the DRASTIC method. This study demonstrates a cost-effective method to improve and verify the effectiveness of ground water vulnerability maps.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02350.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M., 2001, Calibration of the DRASTIC ground water vulnerability mapping method: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 4, p. 625-630, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02350.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"630","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02350.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.35595703124999,\n              41.590796851056005\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.7646484375,\n              41.590796851056005\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.7646484375,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.35595703124999,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.35595703124999,\n              41.590796851056005\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f318e4b0c8380cd4b5cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, M.G.","contributorId":24455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023739,"text":"70023739 - 2001 - Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023739","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters","docAbstract":"Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which agricultural pesticides, including atrazine, move into the hydrologic environment. Atrazine is chosen because it is widely used, is transported in runoff relatively easily, is widely observed in surface waters, and has relatively little loss in the stream network. Data on runoff of atrazine from experimental plot and field studies is combined with annual estimates of load in numerous streams and rivers, resulting in a data set with 408 observations that span 14 orders of magnitude in area. The load as a percent of use (LAPU) on an annual basis is the parameter that is compared among the studies. There is no difference in the mean or range of LAPU values for areas from the size of experimental field plots (???0.000023 ha) and small watersheds (<100 000 ha). The relatively invariant LAPU value observed across a large range of watershed areas implies that the characteristics of atrazine itself (application method and chemical properties) are important in determining the extent of runoff. The variable influences on the extent of runoff from individual watershed characteristics and weather events are superimposed on the relatively invariant LAPU value observed across the range of watershed areas. The results from this study establish the direct relevance for agricultural field plot studies to watershed studies across the full range of scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es001220f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., and Larson, S., 2001, Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 648-657, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001220f.","startPage":"648","endPage":"657","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207508,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001220f"},{"id":232508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0603e4b0c8380cd5109d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023738,"text":"70023738 - 2001 - The dependence of acoustic properties of a crack on the resonance mode and geometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023738","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dependence of acoustic properties of a crack on the resonance mode and geometry","docAbstract":"We examine the dependence of the acoustic properties of a crack containing magmatic or hydrothermal fluids on the resonance mode and geometry to quantify the source properties of long-period (LP) events observed in volcanic areas. Our results, based on spectral analyses of synthetic waveforms generated with a fluid-driven crack model, indicate that the basic features of the dimensionless frequency (??) and quality factor (Qr) for a crack containing various types of fluids are not strongly affected by the choice of mode, although the actual ranges of Q?? and ?? both depend on the mode. The dimensionless complex frequency systematically varies with changes in the crack geometry, showing increases in both Qr and ?? as the crack length to aperture ratio decreases. The present results may be useful for the interpretation of spatial and temporal variations in the observed complex frequencies of LP events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001GL013025","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Kumagai, H., and Chouet, B., 2001, The dependence of acoustic properties of a crack on the resonance mode and geometry: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 17, p. 3325-3328, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013025.","startPage":"3325","endPage":"3328","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478916,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013025"},{"id":232507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa8be4b08c986b322893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumagai, Hiroyuki","contributorId":71337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumagai","given":"Hiroyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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