{"pageNumber":"315","pageRowStart":"7850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70024952,"text":"70024952 - 2003 - A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:12:04","indexId":"70024952","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium","docAbstract":"A new method for field speciation of Cr(VI) has been developed to meet present stringent regulatory standards and to overcome the limitations of existing methods. The method consists of passing a water sample through strong acid cation-exchange resin at the field site, where Cr(III) is retained while Cr(VI) passes into the effluent and is preserved for later determination. The method is simple, rapid, portable, and accurate, and makes use of readily available, inexpensive materials. Cr(VI) concentrations are determined later in the laboratory using any elemental analysis instrument sufficiently sensitive to measure the Cr(VI) concentrations of interest. The new method allows measurement of Cr(VI) concentrations as low as 0.05 ??g 1-1, storage of samples for at least several weeks prior to analysis, and use of readily available analytical instrumentation. Cr(VI) can be separated from Cr(III) between pH 2 and 11 at Cr(III)/Cr(VI) concentration ratios as high as 1000. The new method has demonstrated excellent comparability with two commonly used methods, the Hach Company direct colorimetric method and USEPA method 218.6. The new method is superior to the Hach direct colorimetric method owing to its relative sensitivity and simplicity. The new method is superior to USEPA method 218.6 in the presence of Fe(II) concentrations up to 1 mg 1-1 and Fe(III) concentrations up to 10 mg 1-1. Time stability of preserved samples is a significant advantage over the 24-h time constraint specified for USEPA method 218.6.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00282-0","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Ball, J., and McCleskey, R.B., 2003, A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium: Talanta, v. 61, no. 3, p. 305-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00282-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00282-0"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e49de4b0c8380cd46782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024958,"text":"70024958 - 2003 - Response of North American Great Basin Lakes to Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024958","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of North American Great Basin Lakes to Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations","docAbstract":"We correlate oscillations in the hydrologic and/or cryologic balances of four Great Basin surface-water systems with Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 2-12. This correlation is relatively strong at the location of the magnetic signature used to link the lake records, but becomes less well constrained with distance/time from the signature. Comparison of proxy glacial and hydrologic records from Owens and Pyramid lakes indicates that Sierran glacial advances occurred during times of relative dryness. If our hypothesized correlation between the lake-based records and the GISP2 ??18O record is correct, it suggests that North Atlantic D-O stades were associated with relatively cold and dry conditions and that interstades were associated with relatively warm and wet conditions throughout the Great Basin between 50,500 and 27,000 GISP2yr B.P. The Great Basin lacustrine climate records reinforce the hypothesis that D-O events affected the climate throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere during marine isotope stages 2 and 3. However, the absolute phasing between lake-size and ice-core ??18O records remains difficult to determine.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00210-5","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., Lund, S., Negrini, R., Linsley, B., and Zic, M., 2003, Response of North American Great Basin Lakes to Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, no. 21-22, p. 2239-2251, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00210-5.","startPage":"2239","endPage":"2251","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207752,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00210-5"},{"id":232939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"21-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa1ae4b0c8380cd86148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, S.","contributorId":84933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Negrini, R.","contributorId":26390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negrini","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linsley, B.","contributorId":33493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linsley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zic, M.","contributorId":21317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zic","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025314,"text":"70025314 - 2003 - Effects of structural marsh management and salinity on invertebrate prey of waterbirds in marsh ponds during winter on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025314","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of structural marsh management and salinity on invertebrate prey of waterbirds in marsh ponds during winter on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain","docAbstract":"Aquatic invertebrates are important food resources for wintering waterbirds, and prey selection generally is limited by prey size. Aquatic invertebrate communities are influenced by sediments and hydrologic characteristics of wetlands, which were affected by structural marsh management (levees, water-control structures and impoundments; SMM) and salinity on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain of North America. Based on previous research, we tested general predictions that SMM reduces biomass of infaunal invertebrates and increases that of epifaunal invertebrates and those that tolerate low levels of dissolved oxygen (O2) and salinity. We also tested the general prediction that invertebrate biomass in freshwater, oligohaline, and mesohaline marshes are similar, except for taxa adapted to specific ranges of salinity. Finally, we investigated relationships among invertebrate biomass and sizes, sediment and hydrologic variables, and marsh types. Accordingly, we measured biomass of common invertebrate by three size classes (63 to 199 ??m, 200 to 999 ??m, and ???1000 ??m), sediment variables (carbon content, C:N ratio, hardness, particle size, and O, penetration), and hydrologic variables (salinity, water depth,temperature, 02, and turbidity) in ponds of impounded freshwater (IF), oligohaline (IO), mesohaline (IM), and unimpounded mesohaline (UM) marshes during winters 1997-1998 to 1999-2000 on Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, near Grand Chenier, Louisiana, USA. As predicted, an a priori multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) contrast indicated that biomass of an infaunal class of invertebrates (Nematoda, 63 to 199 ??m) was greater in UM marsh ponds than in those of IM marshes, and biomass of an epifaunal class of invertebrates (Ostracoda, 200 to 999 ??m) was greater in IM marsh ponds than in those of UM marshes. The observed reduction in Nematoda due to SMM also was consistent with the prediction that SMM reduces invertebrates that do not tolerate low salinity. Furthermore, as predicted, an a priori MANOVA contrast indicated that biomass of a single invertebrate class adapted to low salinity (Oligochaeta, 200 to 999 ??m) was greater in ponds of IF marshes than in those of IO and IM marshes. A canonical correspondence analysis indicated that variation in salinity and O2 penetration best explained differences among sites that maximized biomass of the common invertebrate classes. Salinity was positively correlated with the silt-clay fraction, O2, and O2 penetration, and negatively correlated with water depth, sediment hardness, carbon, and C:N. Nematoda, Foraminifera, and Copepoda generally were associated with UM marsh ponds and high salinity, whereas other invertebrate classes were distributed among impounded marsh ponds and associated with lower salinity. Our results suggest that SMM and salinity have relatively small effects on invertebrate prey of wintering waterbirds in marsh ponds because they affect biomass of Nematoda and Oligochaeta, and few waterbirds consume these invertebrates. ?? 2003, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Bolduc, F., and Afton, A., 2003, Effects of structural marsh management and salinity on invertebrate prey of waterbirds in marsh ponds during winter on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 4, p. 897-910.","startPage":"897","endPage":"910","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e4e4b0c8380cd518a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolduc, F.","contributorId":76444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolduc","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179840,"text":"70179840 - 2003 - Changes in the chemistry of lakes and precipitation in high-elevation national parks in the western United States, 1985–1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T08:59:23","indexId":"70179840","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the chemistry of lakes and precipitation in high-elevation national parks in the western United States, 1985–1999","docAbstract":"<p><span>High-elevation lakes in the western United States are sensitive to atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen due to fast hydrologic flushing rates, short growing seasons, an abundance of exposed bedrock, and a lack of well-developed soils. This sensitivity is reflected in the dilute chemistry of the lakes, which was documented in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Western Lake Survey of 1985. Sixty-nine lakes in seven national parks sampled during the 1985 survey were resampled during fall 1999 to investigate possible decadal-scale changes in lake chemistry. In most lakes, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span> concentrations were slightly lower in 1999 than in 1985, consistent with a regional decrease in precipitation SO</span><sub>4</sub><span> concentrations and in SO</span><sub>2</sub><span> emissions in the western United States. Nitrate concentrations also tended to be slightly lower in 1999 than in 1985, in contrast with generally stable or increasing inorganic N deposition in the west. Differences in alkalinity were variable among parks but were relatively consistent within each park. Possible effects of annual and seasonal-scale variations in precipitation amount on lake chemistry were evaluated based on climate data available for the parks and an analysis of climatic effects at two research watersheds with long-term records. Results suggest that rain prior to sampling in 1985 may have caused elevated NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> in some lakes due to direct runoff of precipitation and flushing of NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> from alpine soils, which may explain some of the decrease in NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> concentrations observed in survey lakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001533","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., Sickman, J.O., Striegl, R.G., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Elliott, J.G., Dornblaser, M.M., Roth, D.A., and Campbell, D.H., 2003, Changes in the chemistry of lakes and precipitation in high-elevation national parks in the western United States, 1985–1999: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 6, Article 1171; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001533.","productDescription":"Article 1171; 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002wr001533","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d97e4b01dfadfff159f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sickman, James O.","contributorId":30741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roth, David A. 0000-0002-7515-3533 daroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7515-3533","contributorId":2340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"David","email":"daroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025705,"text":"70025705 - 2003 - Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: An evaluation of the continuum approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T08:43:53","indexId":"70025705","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: An evaluation of the continuum approach","docAbstract":"Because the continuum approach is relatively simple and straightforward to implement, it has been commonly used in modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock. However, the usefulness of this approach can be questioned in terms of its adequacy for representing fingering flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock. The continuum approach thus needs to be evaluated carefully by comparing simulation results with field observations directly related to unsaturated flow and transport processes. This paper reports on such an evaluation, based on a combination of model calibration and prediction, using data from an infiltration test carried out in a densely fractured rock within the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Comparisons between experimental and modeling results show that the continuum approach may be able to capture important features of flow and transport processes observed from the test. The modeling results also show that matrix diffusion may have a significant effect on the overall transport behavior in unsaturated fractured rocks, which can be used to estimate effective fracture-matrix interface areas based on tracer transport data. While more theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies are needed to provide a conclusive evaluation, this study suggests that the continuum approach is useful for modeling flow and transport in unsaturated, densely fractured rock. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00170-5","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Liu, H., Haukwa, C., Ahlers, C., Bodvarsson, G., Flint, A.L., and Guertal, W., 2003, Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: An evaluation of the continuum approach: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 62-63, p. 173-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00170-5.","startPage":"173","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478404,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc776968/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208666,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00170-5"}],"volume":"62-63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf9e4b0c8380cd6f941","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, H.-H.","contributorId":14618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukwa, C.B.","contributorId":28415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukwa","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahlers, C.F.","contributorId":77336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlers","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodvarsson, G.S.","contributorId":98045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodvarsson","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guertal, W.B.","contributorId":74553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertal","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025703,"text":"70025703 - 2003 - Temperature-pressure conditions in coalbed methane reservoirs of the Black Warrior basin: Implications for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025703","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature-pressure conditions in coalbed methane reservoirs of the Black Warrior basin: Implications for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery","docAbstract":"Sorption of gas onto coal is sensitive to pressure and temperature, and carbon dioxide can be a potentially volatile supercritical fluid in coalbed methane reservoirs. More than 5000 wells have been drilled in the coalbed methane fields of the Black Warrior basin in west-central Alabama, and the hydrologic and geothermic information from geophysical well logs provides a robust database that can be used to assess the potential for carbon sequestration in coal-bearing strata.Reservoir temperature within the coalbed methane target zone generally ranges from 80 to 125 ??F (27-52 ??C), and geothermal gradient ranges from 6.0 to 19.9 ??F/1000 ft (10.9-36.2 ??C/km). Geothermal gradient data have a strong central tendency about a mean of 9.0 ??F/1000 ft (16.4 ??C/km). Hydrostatic pressure gradients in the coalbed methane fields range from normal (0.43 psi/ft) to extremely underpressured (<0.05 psi/ft). Pressure-depth plots establish a bimodal regime in which 70% of the wells have pressure gradients greater than 0.30 psi/ft, and 20% have pressure gradients lower than 0.10 psi/ft. Pockets of underpressure are developed around deep longwall coal mines and in areas distal to the main hydrologic recharge zone, which is developed in structurally upturned strata along the southeastern margin of the basin.Geothermal gradients within the coalbed methane fields are high enough that reservoirs never cross the gas-liquid condensation line for carbon dioxide. However, reservoirs have potential for supercritical fluid conditions beyond a depth of 2480 ft (756 m) under normally pressured conditions. All target coal beds are subcritically pressured in the northeastern half of the coalbed methane exploration fairway, whereas those same beds were in the supercritical phase window prior to gas production in the southwestern half of the fairway. Although mature reservoirs are dewatered and thus are in the carbon dioxide gas window, supercritical conditions may develop as reservoirs equilibrate toward a normal hydrostatic pressure gradient after abandonment. Coal can hold large quantities of carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions, and supercritical isotherms indicate non-Langmiur conditions under which some carbon dioxide may remain mobile in coal or may react with formation fluids or minerals. Hence, carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery show great promise in subcritical reservoirs, and additional research is required to assess the behavior of carbon dioxide in coal under supercritical conditions where additional sequestration capacity may exist. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00034-X","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Pashin, J., and McIntyre, M., 2003, Temperature-pressure conditions in coalbed methane reservoirs of the Black Warrior basin: Implications for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 54, no. 3-4, p. 167-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00034-X.","startPage":"167","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00034-X"},{"id":234531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4d7e4b08c986b32060d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pashin, J.C.","contributorId":41897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashin","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, M.R.","contributorId":96882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025689,"text":"70025689 - 2003 - Chemical analyses of pore water from boreholes USW SD-6 and USW WT-24, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70025689","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical analyses of pore water from boreholes USW SD-6 and USW WT-24, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Analyses of pore water extracted from cores of boreholes USW SD-6 in the central part and USW WT-24 in the northern part of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, show significant vertical and lateral variations in dissolved-ion concentrations. Analyses of samples of only a few milliliters of pore water extracted by uniaxial or triaxial compression and by ultracentrifugation methods from adjacent core samples are generally in agreement, within the analytical error of 10% to 15%. However, the values of silica for water obtained by ultracentrifugation are consistently lower than values for water obtained by compression. The larger concentrations probably are due to localized pressure solution of silicate minerals during compression. The shallower water from core in borehole USW SD-6 was extracted from nonwelded units collectively referred to as the Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded (PTn). The deeper water was from core in both boreholes USW SD-6 and USW WT-24 in the nonwelded units referred to as the Calico Hills nonwelded (CHn). Significant differences in mean dissolved-ion concentrations in pore water between the PTn and CHn are (1) decreases in Ca, Mg, SO4, and NO3 and (2) increases in HCO3 and (Na+K)/(Ca+Mg) ratios. The decrease in NO3 and the increase in HCO3 could be the result of denitrification through the oxidation of organic matter. The decrease in Ca and associated increase in (Na+K)/(Ca+Mg) is the result of ion exchange with zeolites in the CHn in borehole USW WT-24. This effect is not nearly as pronounced in borehole USW SD-6, probably reflecting a smaller amount of zeolitization of the CHn in USW SD-6. Geochemical calculations using the PHREEQC code indicate that the pore water from both boreholes USW SD-6 and USW WT-24 is uniformly undersaturated in anhydrite, gypsum, and amorphous silica, but supersaturated in quartz and chalcedony. The saturation of calcite, aragonite, sepiolite, and dolomite is more variable from sample to sample. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00160-2","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Yang, I., Peterman, Z.E., and Scofield, K., 2003, Chemical analyses of pore water from boreholes USW SD-6 and USW WT-24, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 62-63, p. 361-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00160-2.","startPage":"361","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208865,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00160-2"},{"id":234931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62-63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f528e4b0c8380cd4c0d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, I.C.","contributorId":88777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"I.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scofield, K.M.","contributorId":51069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scofield","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025656,"text":"70025656 - 2003 - Effects of stormwater infiltration on quality of groundwater beneath retention and detention basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:43:19","indexId":"70025656","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of stormwater infiltration on quality of groundwater beneath retention and detention basins","docAbstract":"Infiltration of storm water through detention and retention basins may increase the risk of groundwater contamination, especially in areas where the soil is sandy and the water table shallow, and contaminants may not have a chance to degrade or sorb onto soil particles before reaching the saturated zone. Groundwater from 16 monitoring wells installed in basins in southern New Jersey was compared to the quality of shallow groundwater from 30 wells in areas of new-urban land use. Basin groundwater contained much lower levels of dissolved oxygen, which affected concentrations of major ions. Patterns of volatile organic compound and pesticide occurrence in basin groundwater reflected the land use in the drainage areas served by the basins, and differed from patterns in background samples, exhibiting a greater occurrence of petroleum hydrocarbons and certain pesticides. Dilution effects and volatilization likely decrease the concentration and detection frequency of certain compounds commonly found in background groundwater. High recharge rates in storm water basins may cause loading factors to be substantial even when constituent concentrations in infiltrating storm water are relatively low.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:5(464)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Fischer, D., Charles, E.G., and Baehr, A.L., 2003, Effects of stormwater infiltration on quality of groundwater beneath retention and detention basins: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 129, no. 5, p. 464-471, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:5(464).","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"471","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"129","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e0e4b0c8380cd51894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, D.","contributorId":92218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charles, Emmanuel G. 0000-0002-3338-4958 echarles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-4958","contributorId":4280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charles","given":"Emmanuel","email":"echarles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025633,"text":"70025633 - 2003 - Chlorine-36 in groundwater of the United States: Empirical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T16:44:37.67818","indexId":"70025633","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorine-36 in groundwater of the United States: Empirical data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Natural production of the radionuclide&nbsp;</span>chlorine<span>-</span>36<span>&nbsp;(</span><sup>36</sup><span>Cl) has provided a valuable tracer for&nbsp;</span>groundwater<span>&nbsp;studies. The nuclear industry, especially the testing of thermonuclear weapons, has also produced large amounts of&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup><span>Cl that can be detected&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;many samples of&nbsp;</span>groundwater<span>.&nbsp;</span>In<span>&nbsp;order to be most useful&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;hydrologic studies, the natural production prior to 1952 should be distinguished from more recent artificial sources. The object of this study was to reconstruct the probable preanthropogenic levels of&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup><span>Cl&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>groundwater<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>United<span>&nbsp;</span>States<span>. Although significant local variations exist, they are superimposed on a broad regional pattern of&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup><span>Cl/Cl ratios&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>United<span>&nbsp;</span>States<span>. Owing to the influence of atmospherically transported ocean salt, natural ratios of&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup><span>Cl/total Cl are lowest near the coast and increase to a maximum&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the central Rocky Mountains of the&nbsp;</span>United<span>&nbsp;</span>States<span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-002-0232-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Davis, S., Moysey, S., Cecil, L., and Zreda, M., 2003, Chlorine-36 in groundwater of the United States: Empirical data: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 11, no. 2, p. 217-227, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0232-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"227","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5cee4b0c8380cd4c429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, S.N.","contributorId":51918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moysey, S.","contributorId":100153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moysey","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cecil, L.D.","contributorId":62616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zreda, M.","contributorId":72557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zreda","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025632,"text":"70025632 - 2003 - Mass spectrometric identification of an azobenzene derivative produced by smectite-catalyzed conversion of 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:46:43","indexId":"70025632","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass spectrometric identification of an azobenzene derivative produced by smectite-catalyzed conversion of 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid","docAbstract":"<p>The compound 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (3-amino-HPAA) reacts with smectite to form a soluble azobenzene arsonic acid compound. This reaction is of particular interest because it provides a possible mechanism for the formation of a new type of arsenic compound in natural water systems. 3-Amino-HPAA is a degradation product excreted by chickens that are fed rations amended with roxarsone. Roxarsone is used to control coccidial intestinal parasites in most of the broiler chickens grown in the United States. The structure of the azobenzene arsonic acid compound was first inferred from negative-ion and positive-ion low-resolution mass-spectrometric analyses of the supernatant of the smectite suspension. Elemental composition of the parent ion determined by high-resolution positive-ion mass spectrometric measurements was consistent with the proposed structure of the azobenzene arsonic acid compound.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00032-8","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., Rutherford, D.W., Rostad, C.E., Garbarino, J.R., Ferrer, I., Kennedy, K.R., Momplaisir, G., and Grange, A., 2003, Mass spectrometric identification of an azobenzene derivative produced by smectite-catalyzed conversion of 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid: Talanta, v. 59, no. 6, p. 1219-1226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00032-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1226","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5256e4b0c8380cd6c32f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, David W. dwruther@usgs.gov","contributorId":1325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"David","email":"dwruther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kennedy, K. R.","contributorId":66267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Momplaisir, G.-M.","contributorId":48367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momplaisir","given":"G.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grange, A.","contributorId":29618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grange","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025420,"text":"70025420 - 2003 - Analysis of aquifer mineralization by paleodrainage channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025420","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of aquifer mineralization by paleodrainage channels","docAbstract":"Mineralization of groundwater resources is a problem in south-central Kansas, due to the penetration of saline water from Permian bedrock formations into the overlying alluvial aquifer. One of the mechanisms involved in the mineralization involves small bedrock features of high permeability located in places occupied by streams and rivers in past geological eras. These geological features are termed 'paleodrainage channels'. The permeability of the overlying aquifer can be significantly smaller than that of the channel fill material. The comparatively fast migration of saline water through these channels of high permeability is associated with the transfer of minerals into the overlying freshwater aquifer. This study applies a set of boundary layer approaches to quantify the process of mineral transfer from the channels into the aquifer. The methods used in the present study provide quick estimation and evaluation of the dilution of the channel flow, as well as mineral concentration profile changes in the mineralized zone created in the overlying aquifer. More generally, the method can also be useful for the analysis and evaluation of various types of groundwater contamination in heterogeneous aquifers. The application of the method is exemplified by a complete set of calculations characterizing the possible mineralization process at a specific channel in south central Kansas. Sensitivity analyses are performed and provide information about the importance of the various parameters that affect the mineralization process. Some possible scenarios for the aquifer mineralization phenomena are described and evaluated. It is shown that the channel mineralization may create either several stream tubes of the aquifer with high mineral concentration, or many stream tubes mineralized to a lesser extent. Characteristics of these two patterns of aquifer mineralization are quantified and discussed. ?? 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00123-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rubin, H., and Buddemeier, R., 2003, Analysis of aquifer mineralization by paleodrainage channels: Journal of Hydrology, v. 277, no. 3-4, p. 280-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00123-9.","startPage":"280","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209408,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00123-9"},{"id":235821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"277","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb06e4b0c8380cd48b78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, H.","contributorId":54358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025591,"text":"70025591 - 2003 - Density and distribution of water boatmen and brine shrimp at a major shorebird wintering area in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025591","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density and distribution of water boatmen and brine shrimp at a major shorebird wintering area in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The Cabo Rojo salt flats are an important wintering area for migratory shorebirds. Their quality is intimately related to prey availability, as prey are needed to meet energetic requirements. Understanding prey dynamics is, therefore, a key element of shorebird conservation plans. To this end, we monitored the density and distribution of water-boatmen (Trichocorixa spp.) and brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) in relation to water salinity from September to November of 1994 and 1995. Salinity ranged from 4 to 292 ppt, and gradients were related to hydrological alterations (e.g., salt extraction) and connection to the ocean. Brine shrimp were restricted to areas of highest salinity (??? 106 ppt), whereas water-boatmen to areas of lowest salinity (< 65 ppt). We used aquaria experiments to discern potential mechanisms influencing density and distribution of water boatmen. We focused on this species because its caloric value is similar to the brine shrimp's, but it occurs in areas of lower salinity where shorebirds are less prone to hyperosmotic stress. We hypothesized that areas devoid of water boatmen exceeded their tolerance limit, and that these limits could hamper survival as individuals move among areas. Experiments showed that an increase of 8.5 ?? 2.1 ppt, when the base salinity was 40 ppt, induced a 50% mortality rate. From a base salinity of 55 ppt, median survival time decreased curvilinearly across salinity concentrations of 65 to 195 ppt. Median survival was lowest > 100 ppt. Lowering water salinity did not result in osmolal related mortality. Results underscored the sensitivity of water boatmen to high salinity, particularly when the difference in salinity between the 'source' and 'destination' localities widened. Water boatmen density increased in one lagoon as salinity decreased from 65 to 47 ppt. On the basis of our experiments, local adult survivorship improved and immigration and subsequent survival of adults, if any, was not hindered. The density of nymphs also suggested that hatching occurred concurrently. The foraging value of the salt flats can be enhanced by maintaining salinity at < 65 ppt in selected management units and minimizing differences in salinity concentrations among them.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:WETL.0000005542.46697.1d","issn":"09234861","usgsCitation":"Tripp, K., and Collazo, J., 2003, Density and distribution of water boatmen and brine shrimp at a major shorebird wintering area in Puerto Rico: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 11, no. 5, p. 331-341, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WETL.0000005542.46697.1d.","startPage":"331","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209349,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WETL.0000005542.46697.1d"},{"id":235677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe9fe4b0c8380cd4ee2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tripp, K.J.","contributorId":74933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, J.A.","contributorId":35039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025474,"text":"70025474 - 2003 - Determination of antibiotic residues in manure, soil, and surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:04:04","indexId":"70025474","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":636,"text":"Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of antibiotic residues in manure, soil, and surface waters","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>In the last years more and more often detections of antimicrobially active compounds (“antibiotics”) in surface waters have been reported. As a possible input pathway in most cases municipal sewage has been discussed. But as an input from the realm of agriculture is conceivable as well, in this study it should be investigated if an input can occur via the pathway application of liquid manure on fields with the subsequent mechanisms surface run‐off/interflow, leaching, and drift. For this purpose a series of surface waters, soils, and liquid manures from North Rhine‐Westphalia (Northwestern Germany) were sampled and analyzed for up to 29 compounds by HPLC‐MS/MS.</p><p>In each of the surface waters antibiotics could be detected. The highest concentrations were found in samples from spring (300 ng/L of erythromycin). Some of the substances detected (e.g., tylosin), as well as characteristics in the landscape suggest an input from agriculture in some particular cases. In the investigation of different liquid manure samples by a fast immunoassay method sulfadimidine could be detected in the range of 1…2 mg/kg. Soil that had been fertilized with this liquid manure showed a content of sulfadimidine extractable by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of 15 μg/kg dry weight even 7 months after the application. This indicates the high stability of some antibiotics in manure and soil.<a class=\"accordion__control\" href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aheh.200390014#\" aria-controls=\"idss15\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-mce-href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aheh.200390014\"><span id=\"citedby-section\" class=\"section__title\"></span></a></p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aheh.200390014","issn":"03234320","usgsCitation":"Christian, T., Schneider, R., Farber, H., Skutlarek, D., Meyer, M.T., and Goldbach, H., 2003, Determination of antibiotic residues in manure, soil, and surface waters: Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, v. 31, no. 1, p. 36-44, https://doi.org/10.1002/aheh.200390014.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aheh.200390014"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff92e4b0c8380cd4f274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christian, T.","contributorId":32715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, R.J.","contributorId":97283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farber, H.A.","contributorId":17028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farber","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skutlarek, D.","contributorId":56015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skutlarek","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goldbach, H.E.","contributorId":68944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldbach","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025422,"text":"70025422 - 2003 - Selenium in San Francisco Bay zooplankton: Potential effects of hydrodynamics and food web interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:27:44","indexId":"70025422","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium in San Francisco Bay zooplankton: Potential effects of hydrodynamics and food web interactions","docAbstract":"The potential toxicity of elevated selenium (Se) concentrations in aquatic ecosystems has stimulated efforts to measure Se concentrations in benthos, nekton, and waterfowl in San Francisco Bay (SF Bay). In September 1998, we initiated a 14 mo field study to determine the concentration of Se in SF Bay zooplankton, which play a major role in the Bay food web, but which have not previously been studied with respect to Se. Monthly vertical plankton tows were collected at several stations throughout SF Bay, and zooplankton were separated into two operationally defined size classes for Se analyses: 73-2,000 ??m, and ???2,000 ??m. Selenium values ranged 1.02-6.07 ??g Se g-1 dry weight. No spatial differences in zooplankton Se concentrations were found. However, there were inter- and intra-annual differences. Zooplankton Se concentrations were enriched in the North Bay in Fall 1999 when compared to other seasons and locations within and outside SF Bay. The abundance and biovolume of the zooplankton community varied spatially between stations, but not seasonally within each station. Smaller herbivorous-omnivorous zooplankton had higher Se concentrations than larger omnivorous-carnivorous zooplankton. Selenium concentrations in zooplankton were negatively correlated with the proportion of total copepod biovolume comprising the large carnivorous copepod Tortanus dextrilobatus, but positively correlated with the proportion of copepod biovolume comprising smaller copepods of the family Oithonidae, suggesting an important role of trophic level and size in regulating zooplankton Se concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02803354","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Purkerson, D., Doblin, M., Bollens, S., Luoma, S., and Cutter, G., 2003, Selenium in San Francisco Bay zooplankton: Potential effects of hydrodynamics and food web interactions: Estuaries, v. 26, no. 4, p. 956-969, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803354.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"956","endPage":"969","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf3e4b08c986b3181d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purkerson, D.G.","contributorId":52768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purkerson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doblin, M.A.","contributorId":19345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doblin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bollens, S.M.","contributorId":30419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollens","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cutter, G.A.","contributorId":29166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutter","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024699,"text":"70024699 - 2003 - Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:18:32.700036","indexId":"70024699","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed","docAbstract":"<p><strong><span>&nbsp;</span></strong><span>Developing a mass load estimation method appropriate for a given stream and constituent is difficult due to inconsistencies in hydrologic and constituent characteristics. The difficulty may be increased in flashy flow conditions such as karst. Many projects undertaken are constrained by budget and manpower and do not have the luxury of sophisticated sampling strategies. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine two grab sampling strategies with varying sampling intervals and determine the error in mass load estimates, and (2) determine the error that can be expected when a grab sample is collected at a time of day when the diurnal variation is most divergent from the daily mean. Results show grab sampling with continuous flow to be a viable data collection method for estimating mass load in the study watershed. Comparing weekly, biweekly, and monthly grab sampling, monthly sampling produces the best results with this method. However, the time of day the sample is collected is important. Failure to account for diurnal variability when collecting a grab sample may produce unacceptable error in mass load estimates. The best time to collect a sample is when the diurnal cycle is nearest the daily mean.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04423.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Fogle, A., Taraba, J., and Dinger, J., 2003, Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1361-1372, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04423.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1361","endPage":"1372","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a524ee4b0c8380cd6c2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogle, A.W.","contributorId":96051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogle","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taraba, J.L.","contributorId":51062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taraba","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinger, J.S.","contributorId":64416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025092,"text":"70025092 - 2003 - Entropy and generalized least square methods in assessment of the regional value of streamgages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70025092","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Entropy and generalized least square methods in assessment of the regional value of streamgages","docAbstract":"The Illinois State Water Survey performed a study to assess the streamgaging network in the State of Illinois. One of the important aspects of the study was to assess the regional value of each station through an assessment of the information transfer among gaging records for low, average, and high flow conditions. This analysis was performed for the main hydrologic regions in the State, and the stations were initially evaluated using a new approach based on entropy analysis. To determine the regional value of each station within a region, several information parameters, including total net information, were defined based on entropy. Stations were ranked based on the total net information. For comparison, the regional value of the same stations was assessed using the generalized least square regression (GLS) method, developed by the US Geological Survey. Finally, a hybrid combination of GLS and entropy was created by including a function of the negative net information as a penalty function in the GLS. The weights of the combined model were determined to maximize the average correlation with the results of GLS and entropy. The entropy and GLS methods were evaluated using the high-flow data from southern Illinois stations. The combined method was compared with the entropy and GLS approaches using the high-flow data from eastern Illinois stations. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00244-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Markus, M., Vernon, K.H., and Tasker, G.D., 2003, Entropy and generalized least square methods in assessment of the regional value of streamgages: Journal of Hydrology, v. 283, no. 1-4, p. 107-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00244-0.","startPage":"107","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00244-0"}],"volume":"283","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0983e4b0c8380cd51f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markus, M.","contributorId":54781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markus","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vernon, Knapp H.","contributorId":91287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vernon","given":"Knapp","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024703,"text":"70024703 - 2003 - Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model: Implications for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T08:57:01","indexId":"70024703","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model: Implications for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters","docAbstract":"The hydrologic processes of advection, dispersion, and transient storage are the primary physical mechanisms affecting solute transport in streams. The estimation of parameters for a conservative solute transport model is an essential step to characterize transient storage and other physical features that cannot be directly measured, and often is a preliminary step in the study of reactive solutes. Our study used inverse modeling to estimate parameters of the transient storage model OTIS (One dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage). Observations from a tracer injection experiment performed on Uvas Creek, California, USA, are used to illustrate the application of automated solute transport model calibration to conservative and nonconservative stream solute transport. A computer code for universal inverse modeling (UCODE) is used for the calibrations. Results of this procedure are compared with a previous study that used a trial-and-error parameter estimation approach. The results demonstrated 1) importance of the proper estimation of discharge and lateral inflow within the stream system; 2) that although the fit of the observations is not much better when transient storage is invoked, a more randomly distributed set of residuals resulted (suggesting non-systematic error), indicating that transient storage is occurring; 3) that inclusion of transient storage for a reactive solute (Sr2+) provided a better fit to the observations, highlighting the importance of robust model parameterization; and 4) that applying an automated calibration inverse modeling estimation approach resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the model results and the limitation of input data.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468348","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Scott, D., Gooseff, M., Bencala, K., and Runkel, R., 2003, Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model: Implications for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 22, no. 4, p. 492-510, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468348.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"510","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eef2e4b0c8380cd4a05f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, D.T.","contributorId":44324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159628,"text":"70159628 - 2003 - The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:13:17","indexId":"70159628","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation","docAbstract":"<div class=\"para\">\n<p>In Africa the variability of rainfall in space and time is high, and the general availability of historical gauge data is low. This makes many food security and hydrologic preparedness activities difficult. In order to help overcome this limitation, we have created the Collaborative Historical African Rainfall Model (CHARM). CHARM combines three sources of information: climatologically aided interpolated (CAI) rainfall grids (monthly/0.5&deg; ), National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis precipitation fields (daily/1.875&deg; ) and orographic enhancement estimates (daily/0.1&deg; ). The first set of weights scales the daily reanalysis precipitation fields to match the gridded CAI monthly rainfall time series. This produces data with a daily/0.5&deg; resolution. A diagnostic model of orographic precipitation, VDELB&mdash;based on the dot-product of the surface wind&nbsp;<i>V</i>&nbsp;and terrain gradient (DEL) and atmospheric buoyancy&nbsp;<i>B</i>&mdash;is then used to estimate the precipitation enhancement produced by complex terrain. Although the data are produced on 0.1&deg; grids to facilitate integration with satellite-based rainfall estimates, the &lsquo;true&rsquo; resolution of the data will be less than this value, and varies with station density, topography, and precipitation dynamics. The CHARM is best suited, therefore, to applications that integrate rainfall or rainfall-driven model results over large regions.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>The CHARM time series is compared with three independent datasets: dekadal satellite-based rainfall estimates across the continent, dekadal interpolated gauge data in Mali, and daily interpolated gauge data in western Kenya. These comparisons suggest reasonable accuracies (standard errors of about half a standard deviation) when data are aggregated to regional scales, even at daily time steps. Thus constrained, numerical weather prediction precipitation fields do a reasonable job of representing large-scale diurnal variations.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/joc.866","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Michaelsen, J.C., Verdin, J.P., Artan, G.A., Husak, G., Senay, G.B., Gadain, H., and Magadazire, T., 2003, The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation: International Journal of Climatology, v. 23, no. 1, p. 47-66, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.866.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717e3e4b0e2669b313133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel C.","contributorId":91790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Husak, Gregory","contributorId":145811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Husak","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gadain, Hussein","contributorId":6255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadain","given":"Hussein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Magadazire, Tamuka","contributorId":149842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magadazire","given":"Tamuka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025155,"text":"70025155 - 2003 - Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:53:17","indexId":"70025155","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id10\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p>Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), an additive used to oxygenate gasoline, has been detected in lakes in northwestern New Jersey. This occurrence has been attributed to the use of gasoline-powered watercraft. This paper documents and explains both seasonal and daily variations in MTBE concentrations at Cranberry Lake. During a recent boating season (late April to September 1999), concentrations of MTBE typically exceeded 20&nbsp;μg/L. MTBE concentrations varied daily from 12 to 24&nbsp;μg/L over a 2-week period that included the Labor Day holiday. Concentrations were highest on weekends when there is more boat traffic, which had an immediate effect on MTBE mass throughout the lake. MTBE concentrations decreased to about 2&nbsp;μg/L shortly after the end of the summer recreational season. The loss of MTBE can be accounted for by volatilization, with a half-life on the order of 10 days. The volatilization rate was modeled with the daily decrease in MTBE then the modeled rate was validated using the data from the seasonal decline.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00243-4","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Toran, L., Lipka, C., Baehr, A., Reilly, T., and Baker, R., 2003, Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey: Water Research, v. 37, no. 15, p. 3756-3766, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00243-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3756","endPage":"3766","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209386,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00243-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Cranberry Lake","volume":"37","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8869e4b08c986b316966","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toran, L.","contributorId":78519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toran","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipka, C.","contributorId":48368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipka","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baehr, A.","contributorId":29619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reilly, T.","contributorId":53138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, R.","contributorId":11542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025187,"text":"70025187 - 2003 - Bacterial transport experiments in fractured crystalline bedrock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:07:43","indexId":"70025187","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial transport experiments in fractured crystalline bedrock","docAbstract":"The efficiency of contaminant biodegradation in ground water depends, in part, on the transport properties of the degrading bacteria. Few data exist concerning the transport of bacteria in saturated bedrock, particularly at the field scale. Bacteria and microsphere tracer experiments were conducted in a fractured crystalline bedrock under forced-gradient conditions over a distance of 36 m. Bacteria isolated from the local ground water were chosen on the basis of physicochemical and physiological differences (shape, cell-wall type, motility), and were differentially stained so that their transport behavior could be compared. No two bacterial strains transported in an identical manner, and microspheres produced distinctly different breakthrough curves than bacteria. Although there was insufficient control in this field experiment to completely separate the effects of bacteria shape, reaction to Gram staining, cell size, and motility on transport efficiency, it was observed that (1) the nonmotile, mutant strain exhibited better fractional recovery than the motile parent strain; (2) Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria exhibited higher fractional recovery relative to the Gram-positive rod-shaped strain of similar size; and (3) coccoidal (spherical-shaped) bacteria transported better than all but one strain of the rod-shaped bacteria. The field experiment must be interpreted in the context of the specific bacterial strains and ground water environment in which they were conducted, but experimental results suggest that minor differences in the physical properties of bacteria can lead to major differences in transport behavior at the field scale.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Becker, M., Metge, D., Collins, S., Shapiro, A., and Harvey, R., 2003, Bacterial transport experiments in fractured crystalline bedrock: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 5, p. 682-689, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"682","endPage":"689","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209355,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x"},{"id":235688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef9be4b0c8380cd4a34a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, M.W.","contributorId":35896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, S.A.","contributorId":63947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":404164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026331,"text":"70026331 - 2003 - Influence of the Pacific decadal oscillation on the climate of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026331","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of the Pacific decadal oscillation on the climate of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Mono Lake sediments have recorded five major oscillations in the hydrologic balance between A.D. 1700 and 1941. These oscillations can be correlated with tree-ring-based oscillations in Sierra Nevada snowpack. Comparison of a tree-ring-based reconstruction of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index (D' Arrigo et al., 2001) with a coral-based reconstruction of Subtropical South Pacific sea-surface temperature (Linsley et al., 2000) indicates a high degree of correlation between the two records during the past 300 yr. This suggests that the PDO has been a pan-Pacific phenomena for at least the past few hundred years. Major oscillations in the hydrologic balance of the Sierra Nevada correspond to changes in the sign of the PDO with extreme droughts occuring during PDO maxima. Four droughts centered on A.D. 1710, 1770, 1850, and 1930 indicate PDO-related drought reoccurrence intervals ranging from 60 to 80 yr. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00007-3","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., Linsley, B., Smoot, J., Mensing, S., Lund, S., Stine, S., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A., 2003, Influence of the Pacific decadal oscillation on the climate of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada: Quaternary Research, v. 59, no. 2, p. 151-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00007-3.","startPage":"151","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00007-3"}],"volume":"59","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b87e4b0c8380cd625ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linsley, B.","contributorId":33493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linsley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smoot, J.","contributorId":21726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mensing, S.","contributorId":90488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensing","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lund, S.","contributorId":84933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stine, S.","contributorId":24089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stine","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":38750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025400,"text":"70025400 - 2003 - Mechanisms underlying export of N from high-elevation catchments during seasonal transitions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025400","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms underlying export of N from high-elevation catchments during seasonal transitions","docAbstract":"Mechanisms underlying catchment export of nitrogen (N) during seasonal transitions (i.e., winter to spring and summer to autumn) were investigated in high-elevation catchments of the Sierra Nevada using stable isotopes of nitrate and water, intensive monitoring of stream chemistry and detailed catchment N-budgets. We had four objectives: (1) determine the relative contribution of snowpack and soil nitrate to the spring nitrate pulse, (2) look for evidence of biotic control of N losses at the catchment scale, (3) examine dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) export patterns to gain a better understanding of the biological and hydrological controls on DON loss, and (4) examine the relationship between soil physico-chemical conditions and N export. At the Emerald Lake watershed, nitrogen budgets and isotopic analyses of the spring nitrate pulse indicate that 50 to 70% of the total nitrate exported during snowmelt (ca. April to July) is derived from catchment soils and talus; the remainder is snowpack nitrate. The spring nitrate pulse occurred several weeks after the start of snowmelt and was different from export patterns of less biologically labile compounds such as silica and DON suggesting that: (1) nitrate is produced and released from soils only after intense flushing has occurred and (2) a microbial N-sink is operating in catchment soils during the early stages of snowmelt. DON concentrations varied less than 20-30% during snowmelt, indicating that soil processes tightly controlled DON losses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1024928317057","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Sickman, J., Leydecker, A., Chang, C.C., Kendall, C., Melack, J., Lucero, D., and Schimel, J., 2003, Mechanisms underlying export of N from high-elevation catchments during seasonal transitions: Biogeochemistry, v. 64, no. 1, p. 1-24, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024928317057.","startPage":"1","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209540,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024928317057"},{"id":236115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5372e4b0c8380cd6cac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sickman, J.O.","contributorId":85127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickman","given":"J.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leydecker, A.L.","contributorId":83319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leydecker","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melack, J.M.","contributorId":59164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melack","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucero, D.M.","contributorId":33904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucero","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schimel, J.","contributorId":50336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026151,"text":"70026151 - 2003 - Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T08:10:38","indexId":"70026151","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">San Pablo Bay is an estuary, within northern San Francisco Bay, containing elevated sediment mercury (Hg) levels because of historic loading of hydraulic mining debris during the California gold-rush of the late 1800s. A preliminary investigation of benthic microbial Hg cycling was conducted in surface sediment (0–4&nbsp;cm) collected from one salt-marsh and three open-water sites. A deeper profile (0–26&nbsp;cm) was evaluated at one of the open-water locations. Radiolabeled model Hg-compounds were used to measure rates of both methylmercury (MeHg) production and degradation by bacteria. While all sites and depths had similar total-Hg concentrations (0.3–0.6&nbsp;ppm), and geochemical signatures of mining debris (as εNd, range: –3.08 to –4.37), in-situ MeHg was highest in the marsh (5.4±3.5&nbsp;ppb) and ≤0.7&nbsp;ppb in all open-water sites. Microbial MeHg production (potential rate) in 0–4 surface sediments was also highest in the marsh (3.1&nbsp;ng&nbsp;g<sup>–1</sup>&nbsp;wet sediment&nbsp;day<sup>–1</sup>) and below detection (&lt;0.06&nbsp;ng&nbsp;g<sup>–1</sup>&nbsp;wet sediment&nbsp;day<sup>–1</sup>) in open-water locations. The marsh exhibited a methylation/demethylation (M/D) ratio more than 25× that of all open-water locations. Only below the surface 0–4-cm horizon was significant MeHg production potential evident in the open-water sediment profile (0.2–1.1&nbsp;ng&nbsp;g<sup>–1</sup>&nbsp;wet&nbsp;sediment&nbsp;day<sup>–1</sup>). In-situ Hg methylation rates, calculated from radiotracer rate constants, and in-situ inorganic Hg(II) concentrations compared well with potential rates. However, similarly calculated in-situ rates of MeHg degradation were much lower than potential rates. These preliminary data indicate that wetlands surrounding San Pablo Bay represent important zones of MeHg production, more so than similarly Hg-contaminated adjacent open-water areas. This has significant implications for this and other Hg-impacted systems, where wetland expansion is currently planned.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00254-002-0623-y","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Agee, J., Bouse, R.M., and Jaffe, B.E., 2003, Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California: Environmental Geology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 260-267, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-002-0623-y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"267","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's 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,{"id":70026059,"text":"70026059 - 2003 - Effects of crustal stresses on fluid transport in fractured rock: Case studies from northeastern and southwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:35:27","indexId":"70026059","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of crustal stresses on fluid transport in fractured rock: Case studies from northeastern and southwestern USA","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The link between stress and hydrologic properties was examined at two sites that are distinguished by different rock types and different stress states. This investigation is based upon the analysis and interpretation of geophysical logs obtained in water wells at the two locations. At the northeast site (Newark Basin), the hydrologic characteristics of sedimentary rocks are dependent upon the relationship to the current regional stress field of two primary types of orthogonal features that serve as preferential pathways for fluid flow. Subhorizontal bedding-plane partings are highly transmissive near the surface and delineate transversely isotropic fluid flow at shallow depths. With increasing depth, the subhorizontal planes become less dominant and steeply dipping fractures become more influential hydrologically. These high-angle features define anisotropic flow pathways that are preferentially oriented along strike. At the southwest site (west Texas), extrusive rocks are subjected to topographically modified tectonic and gravitational stresses that vary spatially within a valley setting. The attendant changes in stress invariants cause fracture connectivity within the rock mass to systematically increase with depth along the valley flanks, but to remain relatively low in the central valley. The degree of fracture connectivity predicted within this valley configuration is consistent with variations in transmissivity determined at several well locations. In each of these cases, the idealized understanding of the hydrologic system is enhanced by considering the effects of regional and local stresses that act upon the fractured-rock aquifer.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-002-0235-3","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., and Savage, W.Z., 2003, Effects of crustal stresses on fluid transport in fractured rock: Case studies from northeastern and southwestern USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 11, no. 1, p. 100-112, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0235-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06c0e4b0c8380cd513d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026056,"text":"70026056 - 2003 - Terpenoids as major precursors of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates, surface water, and groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:29:11","indexId":"70026056","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terpenoids as major precursors of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates, surface water, and groundwater","docAbstract":"13C NMR analyses of hydrophobic dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions isolated from a landfill leachate contaminated groundwater near Norman, OK; the Colorado River aqueduct near Los Angeles, CA; Anaheim Lake, an infiltration basin for the Santa Ana River in Orange County, CA; and groundwater from the Tomago Sand Beds, near Sydney, Australia, found branched methyl groups and quaternary aliphatic carbon structures that are indicative of terpenoid hydrocarbon precursors. Significant amounts of lignin precursors, commonly postulated to be the major source of DOM, were found only in trace quantities by thermochemolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the Norman Landfill and Tomago Sand Bed hydrophobic DOM fractions. Electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry of the Tomago Sand Bed hydrophobic acid DOM found an ion series differing by 14 daltons, which is indicative of aliphatic and aryl-aliphatic polycarboxylic acids. The product obtained from ozonation of the resin acid, abietic acid, gave a similar ion series. Terpenoid precursors of DOM are postulated to be derived from resin acid paper sizing agents in the Norman Landfill, algal and bacterial terpenoids in the Colorado River and Anaheim Lake, and terrestrial plant terpenoids in the Tomago Sand Beds.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0264089","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Nanny, M., and McIntyre, C., 2003, Terpenoids as major precursors of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates, surface water, and groundwater: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2323-2331, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0264089.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2323","endPage":"2331","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208860,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0264089"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba54be4b08c986b320952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nanny, M.A.","contributorId":84960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanny","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntyre, C.","contributorId":66896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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