Alaska is the largest state in the Nation, almost one-fifth the size of the combined lower 48 United States, and is rich in natural capital resources. Alaska is often identified as being on the front lines of climate change since it is warming faster than any other state and faces a myriad of issues associated with a changing climate. The cost of infrastructure damage from a warming climate is projected to be very large, potentially ranging from $110 to $270 million per year, assuming timely repair and maintenance. Although climate change does and will continue to dramatically transform the climate and environment of the Arctic, proactive adaptation in Alaska has the potential to reduce costs associated with these impacts. This includes the dissemination of several tools, such as guidebooks to support adaptation planning, some of which focus on Indigenous communities. While many opportunities exist with a changing climate, economic prospects are not well captured in the literature at this time.
As the climate continues to warm, there is likely to be a nearly sea ice-free Arctic during the summer by mid-century. Ocean acidification is an emerging global problem that will intensify with continued carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and negatively affects organisms. Climate change will likely affect management actions and economic drivers, including fisheries, in complex ways. The use of multiple alternative models to appropriately characterize uncertainty in future fisheries biomass trajectories and harvests could help manage these challenges. As temperature and precipitation increase across the Alaska landscape, physical and biological changes are also occurring throughout Alaska’s terrestrial ecosystems. Degradation of permafrost is expected to continue, with associated impacts to infrastructure, river and stream discharge, water quality, and fish and wildlife habitat.
Longer sea ice-free seasons, higher ground temperatures, and relative sea level rise are expected to exacerbate flooding and accelerate erosion in many regions, leading to the loss of terrestrial habitat in the future and in some cases requiring entire communities or portions of communities to relocate to safer terrain. The influence of climate change on human health in Alaska can be traced to three sources: direct exposures, indirect effects, and social or psychological disruption. Each of these will have different manifestations for Alaskans when compared to residents elsewhere in the United States. Climate change exerts indirect effects on human health in Alaska through changes to water, air, and soil and through ecosystem changes affecting disease ecology and food security, especially in rural communities.
Alaska’s rural communities are predominantly inhabited by Indigenous peoples who may be disproportionately vulnerable to socioeconomic and environmental change; however, they also have rich cultural traditions of resilience and adaptation. The impacts of climate change will likely affect all aspects of Alaska Native societies, from nutrition, infrastructure, economics, and health consequences to language, education, and the communities themselves.
The profound and diverse climate-driven changes in Alaska’s physical environment and ecosystems generate economic impacts through their effects on environmental services. These services include positive benefits directly from ecosystems (for example, food, water, and other resources), as well as services provided directly from the physical environment (for example, temperature moderation, stable ground for supporting infrastructure, and smooth surface for overland transportation). Some of these effects are relatively assured and in some cases are already occurring. Other impacts are highly uncertain, due to their dependence on the structure of global and regional economies and future human alterations to the environment decades into the future, but they could be large.
In Alaska, a range of adaptations to changing climate and related environmental conditions are underway and others have been proposed as potential actions, including measures to reduce vulnerability and risk, as well as more systemic institutional transformation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH26","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., Gray, S., Berman, M., Eerkes-Medrano, L., Hennessy, T., Huntington, H.P., Littell, J., McCammon, M., Thoman, R., and Trainor, S., 2018, Alaska, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH26.","productDescription":"57 p.","startPage":"1185","endPage":"1241","ipdsId":"IP-103840","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755845,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755846,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755847,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755848,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755849,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755850,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755851,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl","contributorId":212151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","affiliations":[{"id":38437,"text":"Retired, U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Stephen T. 0000-0002-0959-3418 sgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-3418","contributorId":209851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Stephen","email":"sgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berman, Matthew","contributorId":200375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berman","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eerkes-Medrano, Laura 0000-0001-8413-9031","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-9031","contributorId":212152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eerkes-Medrano","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16829,"text":"University of Victoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hennessy, Thomas","contributorId":212153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hennessy","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38438,"text":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huntington, Henry P. 0000-0003-2308-8677","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-8677","contributorId":212154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntington","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38439,"text":"Huntington Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-5302-8280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-8280","contributorId":205907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCammon, Molly","contributorId":212155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCammon","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38440,"text":"Alaska Ocean Observing System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thoman, Richard","contributorId":187613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoman","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Trainor, Sarah 0000-0002-9911-9006","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-9006","contributorId":212156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trainor","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70201873,"text":"70201873 - 2018 - Hawai‘i and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T11:53:35","indexId":"70201873","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T11:53:29","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Hawai‘i and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands","docAbstract":"The U.S. Pacific Islands are culturally and environmentally diverse, treasured by the 1.9 million people who call them home. Pacific islands are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to their exposure and isolation, small size, low elevation (in the case of atolls), and concentration of infrastructure and economy along the coasts.
A prevalent cause of year-to-year changes in climate patterns around the globe and in the Pacific Islands region is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The El Niño and La Niña phases of ENSO can dramatically affect precipitation, air and ocean temperature, sea surface height, storminess, wave size, and trade winds. It is unknown exactly how the timing and intensity of ENSO will continue to change in the coming decades, but recent climate model results suggest a doubling in frequency of both El Niño and La Niña extremes in this century as compared to the 20th century under scenarios with more warming, including the higher scenario (RCP8.5).
On islands, all natural sources of freshwater come from rainfall received within their limited land areas. Severe droughts are common, making water shortage one of the most important climate-related risks in the region. As temperature continues to rise and cloud cover decreases in some areas, evaporation is expected to increase, causing both reduced water supply and higher water demand. Streamflow in Hawai‘i has declined over approximately the past 100 years, consistent with observed decreases in rainfall.
The impacts of sea level rise in the Pacific include coastal erosion, episodic flooding, permanent inundation, heightened exposure to marine hazards, and saltwater intrusion to surface water and groundwater systems. Sea level rise will disproportionately affect the tropical Pacific and potentially exceed the global average.
Invasive species, landscape change, habitat alteration, and reduced resilience have resulted in extinctions and diminished ecosystem function. Inundation of atolls in the coming decades is projected to impact existing on-island ecosystems. Wildlife that relies on coastal habitats will likely also be severely impacted. In Hawaiʻi, coral reefs contribute an estimated $477 million to the local economy every year. Under projected warming of approximately 0.5°F per decade, all nearshore coral reefs in the Hawai‘i and Pacific Islands region will experience annual bleaching before 2050. An ecosystem-based approach to international management of open ocean fisheries in the Pacific that incorporates climate-informed catch limits is expected to produce more realistic future harvest levels and enhance ecosystem resilience.
Indigenous communities of the Pacific derive their sense of identity from the islands. Emerging issues for Indigenous communities of the Pacific include the resilience of marine-managed areas and climate-induced human migration from their traditional lands. The rich body of traditional knowledge is place-based and localized and is useful in adaptation planning because it builds on intergenerational sharing of observations. Documenting the kinds of governance structures or decision-making hierarchies created for management of these lands and waters is also important as a learning tool that can be shared with other island communities.
Across the region, groups are coming together to minimize damage and disruption from coastal flooding and inundation as well as other climate-related impacts. Social cohesion is already strong in many communities, making it possible to work together to take action. Early intervention can lower economic, environmental, social, and cultural costs and reduce or prevent conflict and displacement from ancestral land and resources.
Biodiversity—the variety of life on Earth—provides vital services that support and improve human health and well-being. Ecosystems, which are composed of living things that interact with the physical environment, provide numerous essential benefits to people. These benefits, termed ecosystem services, encompass four primary functions: provisioning materials, such as food and fiber; regulating critical parts of the environment, such as water quality and erosion control; providing cultural services, such as recreational opportunities and aesthetic value; and providing supporting services, such as nutrient cycling. Climate change poses many threats and potential disruptions to ecosystems and biodiversity, as well as to the ecosystem services on which people depend.
Building on the findings of the Third National Climate Assessment (NCA3), this chapter provides additional evidence that climate change is significantly impacting ecosystems and biodiversity in the United States. Mounting evidence also demonstrates that climate change is increasingly compromising the ecosystem services that sustain human communities, economies, and well-being. Both human and natural systems respond to change, but their ability to respond and thrive under new conditions is determined by their adaptive capacity, which may be inadequate to keep pace with rapid change. Our understanding of climate change impacts and the responses of biodiversity and ecosystems has improved since NCA3. The expected consequences of climate change will vary by region, species, and ecosystem type. Management responses are evolving as new tools and approaches are developed and implemented; however, they may not be able to overcome the negative impacts of climate change. Although efforts have been made since NCA3 to incorporate climate adaptation strategies into natural resource management, significant work remains to comprehensively implement climate-informed planning. This chapter presents additional evidence for climate change impacts to biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services, reflecting increased confidence in the findings reported in NCA3. The chapter also illustrates the complex and interrelated nature of climate change impacts to biodiversity, ecosystems, and the services they provide.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH7","usgsCitation":"Lipton, D., Rubenstein, M.A., Weiskopf, S.R., Carter, S.L., Peterson, J., Crozier, L., Fogarty, M., Gaichas, S., Hyde, K., Morelli, T.L., Morisette, J., Moustahfid, H., Munoz, R., Poudel, R., Staudinger, M., Stock, C., Thompson, L., Waples, R.S., and Weltzin, J., 2018, Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH7.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"321","ipdsId":"IP-103827","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755817,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755818,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755819,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755820,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755821,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755822,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755823,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Lipton, Douglas 0000-0002-4092-4123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-4123","contributorId":212181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipton","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubenstein, Madeleine A. 0000-0001-8569-781X mrubenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8569-781X","contributorId":203206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubenstein","given":"Madeleine","email":"mrubenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiskopf, Sarah R. 0000-0002-5933-8191","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-8191","contributorId":207699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskopf","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Shawn L. 0000-0002-0045-4681 scarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-4681","contributorId":3110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Shawn","email":"scarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, Jay","contributorId":212182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crozier, Lisa","contributorId":212183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crozier","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fogarty, Michael","contributorId":212184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gaichas, Sarah","contributorId":212185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaichas","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hyde, Kimberly J. W.","contributorId":212186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyde","given":"Kimberly J. W.","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morelli, Toni Lyn 0000-0001-5865-5294 tmorelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-5294","contributorId":197458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"Toni","email":"tmorelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey 0000-0002-0483-0082","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":212187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":38451,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Invasive Species Council Secretariat","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Moustahfid, Hassan","contributorId":146662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moustahfid","given":"Hassan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Munoz, Roldan","contributorId":212188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munoz","given":"Roldan","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Poudel, Rajendra","contributorId":190430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poudel","given":"Rajendra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle D. 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":207908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle D.","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":484,"text":"Northwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Stock, Charles 0000-0001-9549-8013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-8013","contributorId":212189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Thompson, Laura 0000-0002-7884-6001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":212190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Waples, Robin S.","contributorId":126721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waples","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake 0000-0001-8641-6645 jweltzin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-6645","contributorId":196323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70202028,"text":"70202028 - 2018 - Groundwater modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-07T10:45:21","indexId":"70202028","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T10:45:06","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Groundwater modeling","docAbstract":"The state of the science and practice in groundwater modeling brings to mind highly sophisticated computer models that are running in parallel on many multi-processor machines. These models are expected to incorporate many different processes of both saturated and unsaturated groundwater flow and transport and possibly the media to which it connects, like surface waters and the atmosphere. We are increasingly aware we cannot study groundwater flow in isolation if we are to make useful predictions of, for instance, the impacts of climate change on the groundwater regime. We have come a long way.
Today we are no longer limited to equations for flow toward a well, perhaps near an infinitely long straight canal (method of images), to sandbox models in the laboratory, or to simple steady state models of flow in a single aquifer. We now have computer models that solve groundwater flow and transport in multi-aquifer settings under transient conditions and with a user-friendly graphical user interface that allows widespread use. Additionally, multi-media models are now leaving the research environment and becoming available to mainstream consultants. So in that sense the science of groundwater modeling has matured.
The practice of groundwater modeling, however, has also matured. We have come to realize that model output, being a necessary simplification of an unknowably complex natural world, has inherent limitations. That is, a model of reality is not reality itself. There is uncertainty associated with all facets of our model—parameterization, aquifer geometry and discretization, boundary conditions, and future hydrologic drivers such as future pumping regimes and climates. Today a model is now more appropriately seen as a tool that provides a quantitative framework to make supportable forecasts rather than an oracle that gives us all the answers.
In this chapter we set out to briefly review the state of the science and practice in modeling. In doing so, we augment existing assessments from the journal Groundwater (e.g., Hunt and Zheng 2012; Langevin and Panday 2012; Molz 2017a,b; White 2017), specifically in terms of modeling approach. An effective modeling approach is critical. If a modeler does not decompose the societal problem correctly, the model will not be fit-for-purpose, no matter how sophisticated the code’s capabilities. Moreover, capabilities of codes will be ever improving; good modeling practices have a timelessness that is more robust.
How best to decompose the problem and provide models that are accepted? We lay out here some approaches for today’s applied groundwater modeling. Specifically, we suggest: (1) a step-wise modeling process; (2) including a two-dimensional areal model within this process; (3) keeping abreast of industry standards; and (4) ways to increase acceptance of the models we produce.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater: State of the science and practice","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","isbn":"1-56034-047-9","usgsCitation":"Haitjema, H.M., and Hunt, R., 2018, Groundwater modeling, chap. of Groundwater: State of the science and practice, p. 41-46.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-101055","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361067,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://groundwatersolutionsgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Science-and-Practice_10.17_FINAL.pdf#page=45"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haitjema, Henk M.","contributorId":74678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitjema","given":"Henk","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":208800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":756764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70201875,"text":"70201875 - 2018 - Southeast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T10:40:51","indexId":"70201875","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T10:40:46","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Southeast","docAbstract":"The Southeast includes vast expanses of coastal and inland low-lying areas, the southern portion of the Appalachian Mountains, numerous high-growth metropolitan areas, and large rural expanses. These beaches and bayous, fields and forests, and cities and small towns are all at risk from a changing climate. While some climate change impacts, such as sea level rise and extreme downpours, are being acutely felt now, others, like increasing exposure to dangerous high temperatures, humidity, and new local diseases, are expected to become more significant in the coming decades. While all regional residents and communities are potentially at risk for some impacts, some communities or populations are at greater risk due to their locations, services available to them, and economic situations.
Observed warming since the mid-20th century has been uneven in the Southeast region, with average daily minimum temperatures increasing three times faster than average daily maximum temperatures. The number of extreme rainfall events is increasing. Climate model simulations of future conditions project increases in both temperature and extreme precipitation.
Trends towards a more urbanized and denser Southeast are expected to continue, creating new climate vulnerabilities. Cities across the Southeast are experiencing more and longer summer heat waves. Vector-borne diseases pose a greater risk in cities than in rural areas because of higher population densities and other human factors, and the major urban centers in the Southeast are already impacted by poor air quality during warmer months. Increasing precipitation and extreme weather events will likely impact roads, freight rail, and passenger rail, which will likely have cascading effects across the region. Infrastructure related to drinking water and wastewater treatment also has the potential to be compromised by climate-related events. Increases in extreme rainfall events and high tide coastal floods due to future climate change will impact the quality of life of permanent residents as well as tourists visiting the low-lying and coastal regions of the Southeast. Sea level rise is contributing to increased coastal flooding in the Southeast, and high tide flooding already poses daily risks to businesses, neighborhoods, infrastructure, transportation, and ecosystems in the region. There have been numerous instances of intense rainfall events that have had devastating impacts on inland communities in recent years.
The ecological resources that people depend on for livelihoods, protection, and well-being are increasingly at risk from the impacts of climate change. Sea level rise will result in the rapid conversion of coastal, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems to tidal saline habitats. Reductions in the frequency and intensity of cold winter temperature extremes are already allowing tropical and subtropical species to move northward and replace more temperate species. Warmer winter temperatures are also expected to facilitate the northward movement of problematic invasive species, which could transform natural systems north of their current distribution. In the future, rising temperatures and increases in the duration and intensity of drought are expected to increase wildfire occurrence and also reduce the effectiveness of prescribed fire practices.
Many in rural communities are maintaining connections to traditional livelihoods and relying on natural resources that are inherently vulnerable to climate changes. Climate trends and possible climate futures show patterns that are already impacting—and are projected to further impact—rural sectors, from agriculture and forestry to human health and labor productivity. Future temperature increases are projected to pose challenges to human health. Increases in temperatures, water stress, freeze-free days, drought, and wildfire risks, together with changing conditions for invasive species and the movement of diseases, create a number of potential risks for existing agricultural systems. Rural communities tend to be more vulnerable to these changes due to factors such as demography, occupations, earnings, literacy, and poverty incidence. In fact, a recent economic study using a higher scenario (RCP8.5) suggests that the southern and midwestern populations are likely to suffer the largest losses from future climate changes in the United States. Climate change tends to compound existing vulnerabilities and exacerbate existing inequities. Already poor regions, including those found in the Southeast, are expected to continue incurring greater losses than elsewhere in the United States.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH19","usgsCitation":"Carter, L., Terando, A.J., Dow, K., Hiers, K., Kunkel, K.E., Lascurain, A.R., Marcy, D., Osland, M.J., and Schramm, P., 2018, Southeast, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH19.","productDescription":"66 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"808","ipdsId":"IP-103837","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7930/nca4.2018.ch19","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755810,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755811,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755812,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755813,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755814,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755815,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755816,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Lynne","contributorId":212191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Lynne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terando, Adam J. 0000-0002-9280-043X aterando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":173447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","email":"aterando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dow, Kirstin 0000-0002-4547-5566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-5566","contributorId":212192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dow","given":"Kirstin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37804,"text":"University of South Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiers, Kevin","contributorId":212193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiers","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36874,"text":"Tall Timbers Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunkel, Kenneth E.","contributorId":147887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lascurain, Aranzazu R.","contributorId":173919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lascurain","given":"Aranzazu","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marcy, Doug","contributorId":212194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcy","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Osland, Michael J. 0000-0001-9902-8692 mosland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8692","contributorId":3080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osland","given":"Michael","email":"mosland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schramm, Paul","contributorId":212195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schramm","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27265,"text":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70201876,"text":"70201876 - 2018 - U.S. Caribbean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T10:37:14","indexId":"70201876","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T10:37:01","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"U.S. Caribbean","docAbstract":"Historically, the U.S. Caribbean region has experienced relatively stable seasonal rainfall patterns, moderate annual temperature fluctuations, and a variety of extreme weather events, such as tropical storms, hurricanes, and drought. However, the Caribbean climate is changing and is projected to be increasingly variable as levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase.
The high percentage of coastal area relative to the total island land area in the U.S. Caribbean means that a large proportion of the region’s people, infrastructure, and economic activity are vulnerable to sea level rise, more frequent intense rainfall events and associated coastal flooding, and saltwater intrusion. High levels of exposure and sensitivity to risk in the U.S. Caribbean region are compounded by a low level of adaptive capacity, due in part to the high costs of mitigation and adaptation measures relative to the region’s gross domestic product, particularly when compared to continental U.S. coastal areas. The limited geographic and economic scale of Caribbean islands means that disruptions from extreme climate-related events, such as droughts and hurricanes, can devastate large portions of local economies and cause widespread damage to crops, water supplies, infrastructure, and other critical resources and services.
The U.S. Caribbean territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) have distinct differences in topography, language, population size, governance, natural and human resources, and economic capacity. However, both are highly dependent on natural and built coastal assets; service-related industries account for more than 60% of the USVI economy. Beaches, affected by sea level rise and erosion, are among the main tourist attractions. In Puerto Rico, critical infrastructure (for example, drinking water pipelines and pump stations, sanitary pipelines and pump stations, wastewater treatment plants, and power plants) is vulnerable to the effects of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding. In the USVI, infrastructure and historical buildings in the inundation zone for sea level rise include the power plants on both St. Thomas and St. Croix; schools; housing communities; the towns of Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, and Frederiksted; and pipelines for water and sewage.
Climate change will likely result in water shortages due to an overall decrease in annual rainfall, a reduction in ecosystem services, and increased risks for agriculture, human health, wildlife, and socioeconomic development in the U.S. Caribbean. These shortages would result from some locations within the Caribbean experiencing longer dry seasons and shorter, but wetter, wet seasons in the future. Extended dry seasons are projected to increase fire likelihood. Excessive rainfall, coupled with poor construction practices, unpaved roads, and steep slopes, can exacerbate erosion rates and have adverse effects on reservoir capacity, water quality, and nearshore marine habitats.
Ocean warming poses a significant threat to the survival of corals and will likely also cause shifts in associated habitats that compose the coral reef ecosystem. Severe, repeated, or prolonged periods of high temperatures leading to extended coral bleaching can result in colony death. Ocean acidification also is likely to diminish the structural integrity of coral habitats. Studies show that major shifts in fisheries distribution and changes to the structure and composition of marine habitats adversely affect food security, shoreline protection, and economies throughout the Caribbean.
In Puerto Rico, the annual number of days with temperatures above 90°F has increased over the last four and a half decades. During that period, stroke and cardiovascular disease, which are influenced by such elevated temperatures, became the primary causes of death. Increases in average temperature and in extreme heat events will likely have detrimental effects on agricultural operations throughout the U.S. Caribbean region. Many farmers in the tropics, including the U.S. Caribbean, are considered small-holding, limited resource farmers and often lack the resources and/or capital to adapt to changing conditions.
Most Caribbean countries and territories share the need to assess risks, enable actions across scales, and assess changes in ecosystemsto inform decision-making on habitat protection under a changing climate. U.S. Caribbean islands have the potential to improve adaptation and mitigation actions by fostering stronger collaborations with Caribbean initiatives on climate change and disaster risk reduction.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH20","usgsCitation":"Gould, W.A., Diaz, E.L., Alvarez-Berrios, N.L., Aponte-Gonzalez, F., Archibald, W., Bowden, J.H., Carrubba, L., Crespo, W., Fain, S.J., Gonzalez, G., Goulbourne, A., Harmsen, E., Holupchinski, E., Khalyani, A.H., Kossin, J.P., Leinberger, A.J., Marrero-Santiago, V.I., Martinez-Sanchez, O., McGinley, K., Mendez-Lazaro, P., Morrell, J., Melendez Oyola, M., Pares-Ramos, I.K., Pulwarty, R., Sweet, W.V., Terando, A.J., and Torres-González, S., 2018, U.S. Caribbean, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH20.","productDescription":"63 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"871","ipdsId":"IP-103838","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7930/nca4.2018.ch20","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755803,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755804,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755805,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755806,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755807,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755808,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755809,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Gould, William A. 0000-0002-3720-9735","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3720-9735","contributorId":212196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gould","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38452,"text":"USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diaz, Ernesto L.","contributorId":212197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diaz","given":"Ernesto","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38453,"text":"Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, Coastal Zone Management Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez-Berrios, Nora L.","contributorId":212198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alvarez-Berrios","given":"Nora","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38452,"text":"USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aponte-Gonzalez, Felix 0000-0001-7712-0746","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7712-0746","contributorId":212199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aponte-Gonzalez","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38454,"text":"Aponte, Aponte & Asociados","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Archibald, Wayne","contributorId":212200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archibald","given":"Wayne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38455,"text":"Archibald Energy Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowden, Jared H. 0000-0002-1677-4292","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-4292","contributorId":212201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowden","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37102,"text":"Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carrubba, Lisamarie","contributorId":212202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carrubba","given":"Lisamarie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38456,"text":"NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Crespo, Wanda","contributorId":212203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crespo","given":"Wanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38457,"text":"Estudios Técnicos","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fain, Stephen J.","contributorId":212204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fain","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38452,"text":"USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gonzalez, Grizelle","contributorId":191117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Grizelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Goulbourne, Annmarie","contributorId":212205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goulbourne","given":"Annmarie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38458,"text":"Environmental Solutions Limited","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Harmsen, Eric 0000-0003-1462-1281","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1462-1281","contributorId":212206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38459,"text":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Puerto Rico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Holupchinski, Eva","contributorId":212207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holupchinski","given":"Eva","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38452,"text":"USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Khalyani, Azad H. 0000-0003-1963-9384","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-9384","contributorId":212216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khalyani","given":"Azad","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7230,"text":"Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kossin, James P. 0000-0003-0461-9794","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0461-9794","contributorId":212208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kossin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Leinberger, Amanda J. 0000-0002-4661-3772","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-3772","contributorId":212209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leinberger","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38460,"text":"Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Marrero-Santiago, Vanessa I.","contributorId":212210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marrero-Santiago","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":38453,"text":"Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, Coastal Zone Management Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Martinez-Sanchez, Odalys","contributorId":212211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez-Sanchez","given":"Odalys","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38461,"text":"NOAA National Weather Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"McGinley, Kathleen","contributorId":212212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGinley","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38452,"text":"USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Mendez-Lazaro, Pablo","contributorId":212214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendez-Lazaro","given":"Pablo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38462,"text":"University of Puerto Rico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Morrell, Julio","contributorId":212215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrell","given":"Julio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38462,"text":"University of Puerto Rico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Melendez Oyola, Melissa","contributorId":212213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melendez Oyola","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Pares-Ramos, Isabel K.","contributorId":212217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pares-Ramos","given":"Isabel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":38452,"text":"USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Pulwarty, Roger","contributorId":212144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pulwarty","given":"Roger","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Sweet, William V. 0000-0002-0149-8336","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-8336","contributorId":212148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweet","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Terando, Adam J. 0000-0002-9280-043X aterando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":173447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","email":"aterando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Torres-González, Sigfredo 0000-0002-4898-7591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4898-7591","contributorId":212218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres-González","given":"Sigfredo","affiliations":[{"id":38463,"text":"Retired, USGS Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70201877,"text":"70201877 - 2018 - Northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T10:31:05","indexId":"70201877","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T10:30:59","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"In the Northern Great Plains, the timing and quantity of both precipitation and runoff have important consequences for water supplies, agricultural activities, and energy production. Overall, climate projections suggest that the number of heavy precipitation events (events with greater than 1 inch per day of rainfall) is projected to increase. Moving forward, the magnitude of year-to-year variability overshadows the small projected average decrease in streamflow. Changes in extreme events are likely to overwhelm average changes in both the eastern and western regions of the Northern Great Plains. Major flooding across the basin in 2011 was followed by severe drought in 2012, representing new and unprecedented variability that is likely to become more common in a warmer world.
The Northern Great Plains region plays a critical role in national food security. Among other anticipated changes, projected warmer and generally wetter conditions with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase the abundance and competitive ability of weeds and invasive species, increase livestock production and efficiency of production, and result in longer growing seasons at mid- and high latitudes. Net primary productivity, including crop yields and forage production, is also likely to increase, although an increasing number of extreme temperature events during critical pollination and grain fill periods is likely to reduce crop yields.
Ecosystems across the Northern Great Plains provide recreational opportunities and other valuable goods and services that are ingrained in the region’s cultures. Higher temperatures, reduced snow cover, and more variable precipitation will make it increasingly challenging to manage the region’s valuable wetlands, rivers, and snow-dependent ecosystems. In the mountains of western Wyoming and western Montana, the fraction of total water in precipitation that falls as snow is expected to decline by 25% to 40% by 2100 under a higher scenario (RCP8.5), which would negatively affect the region’s winter recreation industry. At lower-elevation areas of the Northern Great Plains, climate-induced land-use changes in agriculture can have cascading effects on closely entwined natural ecosystems, such as wetlands, and the diverse species and recreational opportunities they support.
Energy resources in the Northern Great Plains include abundant crude oil, natural gas, coal, wind, and stored water, and to a lesser extent, corn-based ethanol, solar energy, and uranium. The infrastructure associated with the extraction, distribution, and energy produced from these resources is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Railroads and pipelines are vulnerable to damage or disruption from increasing heavy precipitation events and associated flooding and erosion. Declining water availability in the summer would likely increase costs for oil production operations, which require freshwater resources. These cost increases will either lead to lower production or be passed on to consumers. Finally, higher maximum temperatures, longer and more severe heat waves, and higher overnight lows are expected to increase electricity demand for cooling in the summer, further stressing the power grid.
Indigenous peoples in the region are observing changes to climate, many of which are impacting livelihoods as well as traditional subsistence and wild foods, wildlife, plants and water for ceremonies, medicines, and health and well-being. Because some tribes and Indigenous peoples are among those in the region with the highest rates of poverty and unemployment, and because many are still directly reliant on natural resources, they are among the most at risk to climate change (e.g., Gamble et al. 2016, Cozzetto et al. 2013, Espey et al. 2014, Wong et al. 2014, Kornfeld 2016, Paul and Caplins 2016, Maynard 2014, USGCRP 2017)
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH22","usgsCitation":"Conant, R.T., Kluck, D., Anderson, M.T., Badger, A., Boustead, B.M., Derner, J.D., Farris, L., Hayes, M., Livneh, B., McNeeley, S., Peck, D., Shulski, M., and Small, V., 2018, Northern Great Plains, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH22.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"941","endPage":"986","ipdsId":"IP-103839","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7930/nca4.2018.ch22","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755796,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755797,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755798,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755799,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755800,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755801,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755802,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Conant, Richard T.","contributorId":207107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conant","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kluck, Doug 0000-0002-9698-7991","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-7991","contributorId":212219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kluck","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Mark T. 0000-0002-1477-6788 manders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-6788","contributorId":1764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mark","email":"manders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":755733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Badger, Andrew 0000-0003-4537-9993","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-9993","contributorId":212220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Badger","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boustead, Barbara M. 0000-0002-0230-7001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0230-7001","contributorId":212221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boustead","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Derner, Justin D.","contributorId":195928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derner","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Farris, Laura","contributorId":212222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farris","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayes, Michael","contributorId":192358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Livneh, Ben","contributorId":145804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Livneh","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McNeeley, Shannon","contributorId":202840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNeeley","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Peck, Dannele","contributorId":202842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peck","given":"Dannele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Shulski, Martha","contributorId":212223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shulski","given":"Martha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Small, Valerie","contributorId":212224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Small","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70196551,"text":"70196551 - 2018 - Status and trends of pelagic prey fish in Lake Huron, 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T16:26:40","indexId":"70196551","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T16:10:25","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Status and trends of pelagic prey fish in Lake Huron, 2017","docAbstract":"Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Great Lakes Science Center conducted integrated acoustic and mid-water trawl surveys of Lake Huron in 1997 and annually from 2004-2017. The 2017 survey was conducted during September and included transects in Lake Huron’s main basin, Georgian Bay, and North Channel. Mean lake-wide pelagic fish density was 1582 fish/ha and mean pelagic fish biomass was 10.5 kg/ha in 2017, which represents 96% and 93% of the long-term mean respectively. Mean lake-wide biomass was 23% higher in 2017 as compared to 2016. The total estimated lake-wide standing stock biomass of pelagic fish species, excluding cisco, was ~49 kt (± 10.4 kt), consisting almost entirely of bloater (26.8 kt; 55%) and rainbow smelt (22 kt; 45%), with small contributions from sticklebacks (0.13 kt; 0.26 %), emerald shiner (0.09 kt; 0.18%), and alewife (0.004kt; <0.005%). Age-0 rainbow smelt abundance increased from 155 fish/ha in 2016 to 598 fish/ha in 2017. Biomass of age-1+ rainbow smelt increased from 2.5 kg/ha in 2016 to 4.1 kg/ha in 2017. Age-0 bloater abundance increased from 94 fish/ha in 2016 to 342 fish/ha in 2017. Biomass of age-1+ bloater in 2017 (5.0 kg/ha) remained at levels similar to 2016 (5.2 kg/ha). Emerald shiner density decreased from 38.6 fish/ha in 2016 to 19.5 fish/ha in 2017. Emerald shiner biomass remained at 0.02 kg/ha between 2016-2017 which represented 19% of the long-term mean. Cisco lake-wide mean biomass was estimated at 2.2 kg/ha and mean density was estimated at 5.1 fish/ha in 2017. Bloater and rainbow smelt will likely continue to be the primary pelagic species available to offshore predators in coming years.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Compiled reports to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission of the annual bottom trawl and acoustics surveys, 2017","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, T.P., Warner, D.M., Esselman, P., Farha, S., Lenart, S., Chris Olds, and Phillips, K., 2018, Status and trends of pelagic prey fish in Lake Huron, 2017, chap. of Compiled reports to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission of the annual bottom trawl and acoustics surveys, 2017, p. 39-52.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","ipdsId":"IP-096088","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":370062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/lake_committees/common_docs/CompiledReportsfromUSGS2018.pdf"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.649658203125,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -84.737548828125,\n 45.897654534346906\n ],\n [\n -84.693603515625,\n 45.71385093029221\n ],\n [\n -84.232177734375,\n 45.637087095718734\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 45.48324350868221\n ],\n [\n -83.748779296875,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 45.236217535866025\n ],\n [\n -83.243408203125,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -83.441162109375,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -83.287353515625,\n 44.84808025602074\n ],\n [\n -83.353271484375,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -83.47412109375,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -83.60595703125,\n 44.01652134387754\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 43.95328204198018\n ],\n [\n -83.924560546875,\n 43.69965122967144\n ],\n [\n -83.638916015625,\n 43.58834891179792\n ],\n [\n -83.243408203125,\n 44.01652134387754\n ],\n [\n -82.957763671875,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -82.72705078125,\n 44.008620115415354\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -82.46337890625,\n 42.99661231842139\n ],\n [\n -82.496337890625,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 43.0287452513488\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -81.771240234375,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -81.58447265624999,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -81.243896484375,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n -81.683349609375,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -81.265869140625,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -81.331787109375,\n 45.158800738352106\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 44.95702412512118\n ],\n [\n -80.936279296875,\n 44.972570682240644\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 44.83249999349062\n ],\n [\n -81.134033203125,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 44.793530904744074\n ],\n [\n -80.91430664062499,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -80.694580078125,\n 44.75453548416007\n ],\n [\n -80.540771484375,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -80.079345703125,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -79.991455078125,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -80.145263671875,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -79.639892578125,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 45.29034662473613\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 45.390735154248894\n ],\n [\n -80.211181640625,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -80.496826171875,\n 45.51404592560424\n ],\n [\n -80.738525390625,\n 45.91294412737392\n ],\n [\n -81.463623046875,\n 46.00459325574482\n ],\n [\n -81.80419921875,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -82.474365234375,\n 46.17983040759436\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -83.594970703125,\n 46.255846818480315\n ],\n [\n -83.770751953125,\n 46.21785176740299\n ],\n [\n -83.82568359375,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -84.078369140625,\n 46.35451083736523\n ],\n [\n -84.29809570312499,\n 46.5286346952717\n ],\n [\n -84.100341796875,\n 46.18743678432541\n ],\n [\n -83.924560546875,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -83.64990234375,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -83.287353515625,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 45.90529985724799\n ],\n [\n -83.419189453125,\n 45.836454050187726\n ],\n [\n -83.73779296875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -84.276123046875,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -84.385986328125,\n 45.97406038956237\n ],\n [\n -84.649658203125,\n 46.042735653846506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}\n","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, Timothy P. 0000-0003-4502-5204 tiobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-5204","contributorId":2662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Timothy","email":"tiobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esselman, Peter C. 0000-0002-0085-903X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-903X","contributorId":204291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esselman","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farha, Steve A. 0000-0001-9953-6996 sfarha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-6996","contributorId":5170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farha","given":"Steve A.","email":"sfarha@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lenart, Steve","contributorId":191290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lenart","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chris Olds","contributorId":191291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chris Olds","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phillips, Kristy 0000-0001-8378-0660","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-0660","contributorId":204292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Kristy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70202971,"text":"70202971 - 2018 - Basin-scale model for predicting marsh edge erosion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-13T11:05:58","indexId":"70202971","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T15:26:53","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Basin-scale model for predicting marsh edge erosion","docAbstract":"Recent attempts to relate marsh edge retreat rate to wave power have met varying levels of success. Schwimmer (2001) correlated wave power to marsh boundary retreat rates over a five-year period along sites within Rehoboth Bay, Delaware, USA. Marani et al. (2011) derived a linear relationship between volumetric retreat rate and mean wave power density using Buckingham’s theorem of dimensional analysis. Leonardi and Fagherazzi (2015) added an exponential function to the Schwimmer (2001) equation to account for variability in soil resistance and mean wave height. These equations factor in soil type, water elevation, vegetation, and macrofauna through field-calibrated empirical constants, i.e., they are not explicitly considered. Consequently, the existing capability of predicting marsh edge erosion rate as a function of wave power and soil and vegetation properties is rather limited for engineering applications. For instance, Allison et al. (2017) show that without taking the marsh platform, soil, and vegetation into account, the relationships between marsh edge erosion rates and wave power on a basin or coastal-wide scale are not strong enough statistically to serve as a useful predictive model. The objective of this study is to develop a more robust marsh edge erosion model by characterizing the shear strength, wave power, and retreat rates in Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Engineering Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"36th International Conference on Coastal Engineering","conferenceDate":"July 30-August 3, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.38","usgsCitation":"Jafari, N., Chen, Q.J., Couvillion, B., Johnson, C.L., and Everett, T., 2018, Basin-scale model for predicting marsh edge erosion, in Coastal Engineering Proceedings, v. 36, Baltimore, Maryland, July 30-August 3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.38.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-105026","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.38","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Terrebonne Bay","volume":"36","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jafari, Navid H.","contributorId":214730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jafari","given":"Navid H.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Qin J.","contributorId":214731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Qin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38331,"text":"Northeastern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady 0000-0001-5323-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":214729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Cody L.","contributorId":179353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Cody","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Everett, Thomas","contributorId":214732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Everett","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198106,"text":"70198106 - 2018 - Multiphase hydromechanical iTOUGH2-EOS7C modeling study of underpressure development in shale during glacial loading cycles at the Bruce Nuclear Site, Ontario, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-27T15:03:50","indexId":"70198106","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T14:55:22","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multiphase hydromechanical iTOUGH2-EOS7C modeling study of underpressure development in shale during glacial loading cycles at the Bruce Nuclear Site, Ontario, Canada","docAbstract":"A deep geologic repository (DGR) for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste has been proposed at the Bruce nuclear site on the eastern flank of the Michigan Basin in southeastern Ontario, Canada. The repository would be placed at a depth of ~680 m, within a ~450 m-thick sequence of geologic media with extremely low porosity and permeability. The water in this section is significantly underpressured, which previous modeling work has shown could be the result of hydromechanical coupling during geologically recent glacial cycles. However, questions have been raised about whether gas phase methane is present in situ, and if so, how it relates to the generation and persistence of the underpressure here, as well as those in numerous other shale- and gas-rich sedimentary basins around the world. The primary goal of this study is to investigate, using the hydromechanical multiphase flow simulator iTOUGH2-EOS7C, what impact separate phase methane may have on coupled hydromechanical processes during glacial cycles. This was done by observing pressure evolution in a one-dimensional iTOUGH2-EOS7C model designed as a simplified representation of the Bruce site and its geologically recent history. Results indicate that, although gas phase generally dampens pressure changes in response to glacial loading, a similar underpressure to the one observed at the Bruce site could feasibly occur in a multiphase system.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the TOUGH Symposium 2018","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"TOUGH Symposium 2018","conferenceDate":"October 8-10, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Berkeley, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Plampin, M.R., 2018, Multiphase hydromechanical iTOUGH2-EOS7C modeling study of underpressure development in shale during glacial loading cycles at the Bruce Nuclear Site, Ontario, Canada, in Proceedings of the TOUGH Symposium 2018, Berkeley, CA, October 8-10, 2018, p. 314-318.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"318","ipdsId":"IP-099019","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://eesa.lbl.gov/2018-tough-symposium/"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","county":"Bruce County","otherGeospatial":"Bruce Nuclear Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.59717559814453,\n 44.30849520311096\n ],\n [\n -81.56490325927734,\n 44.30849520311096\n ],\n [\n -81.56490325927734,\n 44.33133881434939\n ],\n [\n -81.59717559814453,\n 44.33133881434939\n ],\n [\n -81.59717559814453,\n 44.30849520311096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plampin, Michelle R. 0000-0003-4068-5801 mplampin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-5801","contributorId":204983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plampin","given":"Michelle","email":"mplampin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198585,"text":"70198585 - 2018 - Streams do work: Measuring the work of low-order streams on the landscape using point clouds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-26T14:56:53","indexId":"70198585","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T14:42:02","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Streams do work: Measuring the work of low-order streams on the landscape using point clouds","docAbstract":"The mutable nature of low-order streams makes regular updating of surface water maps necessary for accurate representation. Low-order streams make up roughly half the streams in the conterminous United States by length, and small inaccuracies in stream head location can result in significant error in stream reach, order, and density. Reliable maps of stream features are vital for hydrologic modeling, ecosystem research, and boundary monitoring. High resolution digital elevation models derived from lidar data have shown promise in low order stream modeling yet forested high relief landscapes and low relief agricultural areas remain challenging. Here we present early results from research analyzing lidar point clouds to identify features and patterns that may be used in low-order stream identification and classification in challenging geographic conditions. This work has identified characteristics derived from point clouds that correlate with the presence of streams and stream heads and show promise for mapping small streams. In low topographic relief agricultural areas, cross sections collected at regular intervals along drainage channels extracted as 3D lines show a significant jump in value and variance of profile curvature standard deviation at stream heads. In high relief areas, observations show potential for stream mapping by identifying trends in riparian zone structure. Lidar return point density from riparian vegetation under 30 feet tall dips in the vicinity of intermittent stream heads. Also seen is an increase in point density above 60 feet downstream of stream heads. The trends found here likely reflect a change in vegetation structure relative to the presence of streams.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ISPRS TC IV Mid-term Symposium “3D Spatial Information Science – The Engine of Change”","conferenceDate":"1-5 October 2018","conferenceLocation":"Delft, the Netherlands","language":"English","publisher":"ISPRS","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-573-2018","usgsCitation":"Shavers, E.J., and Stanislawski, L.V., 2018, Streams do work: Measuring the work of low-order streams on the landscape using point clouds, in International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, v. 42, no. 4, Delft, the Netherlands, 1-5 October 2018, p. 573-578, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-573-2018.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"578","ipdsId":"IP-099680","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-573-2018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, North Carolina","volume":"42","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shavers, Ethan J. 0000-0001-9470-5199 eshavers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-5199","contributorId":206890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shavers","given":"Ethan","email":"eshavers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanislawski, Larry V. 0000-0002-9437-0576 lstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-0576","contributorId":3386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanislawski","given":"Larry","email":"lstan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203776,"text":"70203776 - 2018 - Describing the distribution and productivity of biota along a nearshore to offshore gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T11:39:46.467568","indexId":"70203776","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T14:27:34","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Describing the distribution and productivity of biota along a nearshore to offshore gradient","docAbstract":"The Lake Michigan Lakewide Action and Management Plan (LAMP) proposed adding nutrients (phosphorus) to its “pollutant of concern” list in 2002, given that excessive nutrients were causing impairments in nearshore waters. Since that time, scientists have highlighted the “shunting” of nutrients to the nearshore (Hecky et al. 2004), owing to the ability of invasive dreissenid mussels to capture some portion of allochthonous phosphorus that enters the lake through tributaries. These changes are believed to increase productivity in the nearshore, reflected in increased benthic and pelagic primary production and nuisance Cladophora (Auer et al. 2010). Whether increases in primary productivity lead to concomitant increases for secondary (by zooplankton) and tertiary (by fish) production remains largely untested. Hence, understanding the distribution and abundance of nutrients and biota (e.g., zooplankton, fish) across a nearshore to offshore gradient was identified as a Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative (CSMI) priority in 2015. Increased understanding of the Lake Michigan nearshore will also facilitate the development of a Nearshore Strategy by the LAMP, which is called for in the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
Working collaboratively with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States Geological Survey (USGS) described the distribution of nutrients and biota across nearshore to offshore transects in 2015 (see Appendix 1). At each transect, we sampled the food web at three sites with differing bottom depths: 18 m, 46 m, and 91-110 m. We purposefully chose transects near tributaries of varying total phosphorus (TP) input (see Figure 1, Dolan and Chapra 2012): three transects that were not associated with any large tributary where total phosphorus would be loaded (Waukegan IL, Frankfort MI, Sturgeon Bay WI), three transects adjacent to tributaries presumed to be relatively low loaders of TP (Pere Marquette MI, Root WI, Muskegon MI), and three transects adjacent to tributaries presumed to be relatively high loaders of TP (St. Joseph MI, Kalamazoo MI, Manitowoc WI). USGS estimated chlorophyll concentrations, zooplankton, Mysis, larval fish, and juvenile and adult fish seasonally (April/May, July, October/November) at eight of these transects (all but Muskegon).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cooperative science and monitoring initiative (CSMI) Lake Michigan 2015 report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D.B., Dieter, P.M., Warner, D.M., Eaton, L.A., and Eppehimer, D., 2018, Describing the distribution and productivity of biota along a nearshore to offshore gradient, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-097376","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":375175,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iiseagrant.org/publications/cooperative-science-and-monitoring-initiative-csmi-lake-michigan-2015-report/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.286376953125,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -87.550048828125,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 44.20583500104184\n ],\n [\n -87.659912109375,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -87.791748046875,\n 42.76314586689492\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 42.3016903282445\n ],\n [\n -87.615966796875,\n 41.92680320648791\n ],\n [\n -86.68212890625,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -86.24267578125,\n 42.39912215986002\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -86.572265625,\n 43.683763524273346\n ],\n [\n -86.46240234375,\n 43.84245116699039\n ],\n [\n -86.517333984375,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -86.275634765625,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -86.209716796875,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -87.176513671875,\n 44.879228141635245\n ],\n [\n -87.286376953125,\n 44.74673324024678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747 dbunnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":195888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dieter, Patricia M. 0000-0003-1686-2679 parmenio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-2679","contributorId":5289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Patricia","email":"parmenio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eaton, Lauren A.","contributorId":211815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eaton","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eppehimer, Drew","contributorId":216176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eppehimer","given":"Drew","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200372,"text":"70200372 - 2018 - Population trends of birds wintering in the Central Valley of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-26T14:25:20","indexId":"70200372","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T14:24:41","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Population trends of birds wintering in the Central Valley of California","docAbstract":"Since the 1970s, the Central Valley of California has seen a large investment in preservation and restoration of wetlands and riparian areas. At the same time, grasslands have been lost to vineyards, orchards, and residential development at an accelerating rate. We analyzed data from 17 Christmas Bird Count circles that were surveyed regularly between winter 1978–79 and winter 2013–14 to document population trends for birds wintering in this region. We selected 112 taxa (species or species groups) that were relatively abundant and widespread in the Central Valley during winter and used a hierarchical model to estimate annual rates of population change from the count data while accounting for varying survey effort. A much larger proportion of taxa showed positive (46%) than negative (18%) trends; about a third (36%) showed no detectable change. Central Valley habitats that showed the highest proportion of taxa with increasing vs. decreasing trends were riparian (59% vs. 9%; n = 32), wetlands (49% vs. 11%; n = 47), and open water (44% vs. 0%; n = 9), likely reflecting the conservation efforts in these habitats in recent decades. In contrast, a greater proportion of the taxa associated with grasslands and other open habitats (n = 25) showed decreases (48%) than increases (28%). As expected, species that adapt well to areas of human habitation showed stable or increasing trends. Examples of such species with strong positive trends include Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna), Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) and recent Central Valley arrivals, Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) and Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus). Scavenging, opportunistic species such as Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) and Common Raven (Corvus corax) also showed strong positive trends. Trends in wintering populations were largely concordant with estimated trends available from breeding areas in California and western North America. Overall, these abundance data suggest that recent efforts to preserve and restore wetland and riparian habitats may be benefiting birds. However, a similar focus on conservation of the Central Valley's remaining grasslands may be needed to maintain populations of grassland-associated birds.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Trends and Traditions: Avifaunal Change in Western North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.21199/SWB3.12","collaboration":"Western Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Pandolfino, E.R., and Handel, C.M., 2018, Population trends of birds wintering in the Central Valley of California, chap. of Trends and Traditions: Avifaunal Change in Western North America, v. 3, p. 215-235, https://doi.org/10.21199/SWB3.12.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"235","ipdsId":"IP-096037","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21199/swb3.12","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pandolfino, Edward R","contributorId":209700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pandolfino","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70217691,"text":"70217691 - 2018 - Multi-scale geophysical mapping of deep permafrost change after disturbance in interior Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T12:34:12.316556","indexId":"70217691","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T11:52:17","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multi-scale geophysical mapping of deep permafrost change after disturbance in interior Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Disturbance related to fire or hydrologic processes can cause degradation of deep (greater than 1 m) permafrost. These changes in deep permafrost have the potential to impact landscapes and infrastructure, alter the routing and distribution of surface water or groundwater, and may contribute to the flux of carbon to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, characterization of deep permafrost over large areas and with high spatial resolution is not possible with traditional remote sensing or surface observations. We make use of multiple ground-based and airborne geophysical methods, as well as numerical simulations, to better understand the distribution of permafrost and how it has changed after disturbance. Together, these geophysical datasets help to fill a critical gap in understanding permafrost landscapes and their response to disturbance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"5th European conference on permafrost, book of abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"5th European Conference on Permafrost","conferenceDate":"June 23-July 1, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Chamonix, France","language":"English","publisher":"Laboratoire EDYTEM","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., Bloss, B.R., Ebel, B., Rey, D.M., Walvoord, M.A., Brown, D., Daanen, R., Emond, A.M., Kass, M., Pastick, N.J., and Wylie, B., 2018, Multi-scale geophysical mapping of deep permafrost change after disturbance in interior Alaska, USA, in 5th European conference on permafrost, book of abstracts, v. 2, Chamonix, France, June 23-July 1, 2018, p. 896-897.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"896","endPage":"897","ipdsId":"IP-093541","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":383104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01816115/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.65429687499997,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 66.99025646736109\n ],\n [\n -155.65429687499997,\n 66.99025646736109\n ],\n [\n -155.65429687499997,\n 61.10078883158897\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bloss, Benjamin R. 0000-0002-1678-8571 bbloss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1678-8571","contributorId":139981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloss","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbloss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":211845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rey, David Matthew 0000-0002-9737-7239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-7239","contributorId":248499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rey","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle A. 0000-0003-4269-8366","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":211843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Dana R.N.","contributorId":187502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Dana R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Daanen, Ronald","contributorId":191060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daanen","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Emond, Abraham M.","contributorId":216313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emond","given":"Abraham","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kass, M. Andy","contributorId":248501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kass","given":"M. Andy","affiliations":[{"id":37318,"text":"Aarhus University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pastick, Neal J. 0000-0002-8169-3018 njpastick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-3018","contributorId":4785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastick","given":"Neal","email":"njpastick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce 0000-0002-7374-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":201929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70208189,"text":"70208189 - 2018 - Landscape conservation design for enhancing the adaptive capacity of coastal wetlands in the face of sea-level rise and coastal development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T11:41:22","indexId":"70208189","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T11:40:55","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Landscape conservation design for enhancing the adaptive capacity of coastal wetlands in the face of sea-level rise and coastal development","docAbstract":"Coastal wetlands provide many valuable benefits to people and wildlife, including critical habitat, improved water quality, reduced flooding impacts, and protected coastlines. However, in the 21st century, accelerated sea-level rise and coastal development are expected to greatly alter coastal landscapes across the globe. The future of coastal wetlands is uncertain, challenging coastal environmental managers to develop conservation strategies that will increase the resilience of these valuable ecosystems to change and preserve the benefits they provide. One strategy for preparing for the effects of sea-level rise is to ensure that there is space available for coastal wetlands to migrate inland. In a recent study, we identified areas where coastal wetlands may move inland along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast, one of the most wetland-rich and sea-level rise sensitive regions of the world. Building on these findings, this project produced customized landscape conservation-design products focused on identifying landward migration routes for coastal wetlands. The resulting products provide environmental managers with information to make decisions to enhance the capacity of coastal wetlands to adapt to sea-level rise and coastal development, protecting these ecosystems and the critical economic and ecological benefits that they provide.","language":"English","publisher":"South Central Climate Adaptation Center","doi":"10.5066/P9S56BUF","usgsCitation":"Osland, M.J., Borchert, S., and Enwright, N., 2018, Landscape conservation design for enhancing the adaptive capacity of coastal wetlands in the face of sea-level rise and coastal development, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.5066/P9S56BUF.","productDescription":"35 p.","ipdsId":"IP-097193","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.265625,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 30.486550842588485\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 31.090574094954192\n ],\n [\n -91.5380859375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -95.6689453125,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -97.998046875,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -91.8896484375,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -83.6279296875,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 26.509904531413927\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 25.284437746983055\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 27.916766641249065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osland, Michael J. 0000-0001-9902-8692 mosland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8692","contributorId":3080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osland","given":"Michael","email":"mosland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borchert, Sinead 0000-0002-6665-7115","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-7115","contributorId":205378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchert","given":"Sinead","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enwright, Nicholas 0000-0002-7887-3261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-3261","contributorId":201674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enwright","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222348,"text":"70222348 - 2018 - Yellowstone River Compact Commission sixty-seventh annual report 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T14:07:14.680314","indexId":"70222348","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T10:48:44","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5883,"text":"Cooperator Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Yellowstone River Compact Commission sixty-seventh annual report 2018","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Yellowstone River Compact Commission","usgsCitation":"Davidson, S., 2018, Yellowstone River Compact Commission sixty-seventh annual report 2018: Cooperator Report, xx, 38 p.","productDescription":"xx, 38 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121288","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387389,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/water-resources/YRCC-docs/YRCCAnnualReport2018.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellostone River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.77685546875,\n 47.84265762816538\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -106.98486328124999,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -112.35717773437499,\n 45.79050946752472\n ],\n [\n -111.90673828125,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -110.950927734375,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -110.76416015625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -109.5556640625,\n 42.88401467044253\n ],\n [\n -109.1436767578125,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -108.8580322265625,\n 42.52677220056902\n ],\n [\n -108.73992919921875,\n 42.500453028125584\n ],\n [\n -106.5673828125,\n 43.28520334369384\n ],\n [\n -104.688720703125,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -104.161376953125,\n 47.331377157798244\n ],\n [\n -103.77685546875,\n 47.84265762816538\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, Seth 0000-0002-9548-468X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9548-468X","contributorId":218042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70240324,"text":"70240324 - 2018 - Development and utility of a gene transcription panel for desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-06T16:44:46.132276","indexId":"70240324","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T10:30:26","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"Development and utility of a gene transcription panel for desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni)","title":"Development and utility of a gene transcription panel for desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni)","docAbstract":"Respiratory disease is a key factor impacting the success of the ongoing conservation and recovery of wild sheep populations (WAFWA 2017). Although the primary pathogens involved in the bighorn sheep pneumonia complex have been identified, the wide variability in herd response following infection is not well understood (Cassirer et al. 2018). The response of populations infected with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae has been variable, from minimal to extensive herd mortality followed by years to decades of either poor lamb recruitment or little expression of disease and minimal impact on lamb survival (Coggins and Mathews 1992, Jorgenson et al. 1997, Cassirer et al. 2018). This variation is thought to be caused by differences in pathogen virulence, intrinsic or extrinsic factors that impact individual or herd immunity, including lungworm (Protostrongylus spp.) or mite (Psoroptes ovis) infections, malnutrition, inbreeding, harsh weather conditions, or stress associated with overcrowding (Risenhoover et al. 1988, Bailey 1990, Jones and Worley 1994, Monello et al. 2001). Although substantial management strategies have been implemented, they have been ineffective in halting the spread of the epizootic (Cassirer et al. 2018).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biennial symposium of the Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council","usgsCitation":"Bowen, L., Longshore, K., Wolff, P., Waters-Dynes, S.C., Miles, A.K., Cox, M., and Bullock, S., 2018, Development and utility of a gene transcription panel for desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), in Biennial symposium of the Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council, v. 21, p. 2-6.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-099566","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412705,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nwsgc.org/contents/2018contents.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Lizabeth 0000-0001-9115-4336 lbowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-4336","contributorId":4539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Lizabeth","email":"lbowen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longshore, Kathleen 0000-0001-6621-1271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1271","contributorId":216374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolff, Peregrine","contributorId":238063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolff","given":"Peregrine","affiliations":[{"id":27489,"text":"Nevada Department of Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waters-Dynes, Shannon C. 0000-0002-9707-4684 swaters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9707-4684","contributorId":5826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters-Dynes","given":"Shannon","email":"swaters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cox, Mike","contributorId":198457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bullock, Sarah","contributorId":238064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bullock","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47694,"text":"USFWS - Desert NWR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70202899,"text":"70202899 - 2018 - Increasing temperature seasonality may overwhelm shifts in soil moisture to favor shrub grass dominance in Colorado Plateau drylands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-05T12:46:49","indexId":"70202899","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-28T14:10:56","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing temperature seasonality may overwhelm shifts in soil moisture to favor shrub grass dominance in Colorado Plateau drylands","docAbstract":"Ecosystems in the southwestern U.S. are hotspots for climate change, and are predicted to experience continued warming and drying. In these water-limited systems, the balance between herbaceous and woody plant abundance impacts biodiversity and ecosystem processes, highlighting the need to understand how climate change will influence functional composition. However, variability in topo-edaphic conditions, notably soil texture and depth, as well as a long history of disturbance, confound efforts to quantify specific climatic controls over plant functional composition. Here, we utilized a mechanistic soil water model and identified the timing and depth at which soil moisture related most strongly to the balance between grass and shrub dominance in the Southern Colorado Plateau. Shrubs dominate where there is high soil moisture availability during winter, and where temperature is more seasonally variable, while grasses are favored where moisture is available during summer and temperatures are higher. Climate change projections indicate increases in seasonal temperature variability and decreases in summer soil moisture, which both favor shrub dominance. However, projections also include substantial and reliable increases in temperature, which favors grass dominance. Rising temperatures overwhelm both the soil moisture and temperature variability effects favoring shrubs such that our models indicate increasing grasses at these sites. This approach, which incorporates local, edaphic factors at sites protected from disturbance, improves understanding of climate change impacts on plant functional composition and may be useful in other complex dryland regions with high edaphic and climatic heterogeneity.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-018-4282-4","usgsCitation":"Gremer, J., Andrews, C.M., Norris, J.R., Thomas, L.P., Munson, S.M., Duniway, M.C., and Bradford, J.B., 2018, Increasing temperature seasonality may overwhelm shifts in soil moisture to favor shrub grass dominance in Colorado Plateau drylands: Oecologia, v. 188, p. 1195-1207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-018-4282-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1207","ipdsId":"IP-095161","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.23406982421875,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -109.05853271484374,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -109.05853271484374,\n 39.37889504706486\n ],\n [\n -110.23406982421875,\n 39.37889504706486\n ],\n [\n -110.23406982421875,\n 37.76202988573211\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"188","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gremer, Jennifer R.","contributorId":181751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gremer","given":"Jennifer R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Caitlin M. 0000-0003-4593-1071 candrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4593-1071","contributorId":192985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Caitlin","email":"candrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norris, Jodi R.","contributorId":190196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Lisa P.","contributorId":189631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70204438,"text":"70204438 - 2018 - Confirmation of diving and swimming behavior in the Sora (Porzana carolina)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T10:33:33","indexId":"70204438","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-27T12:46:09","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Confirmation of diving and swimming behavior in the Sora (Porzana carolina)","title":"Confirmation of diving and swimming behavior in the Sora (Porzana carolina)","docAbstract":"We first observed Sora (Porzana carolina) swimming and diving under water while capturing them with hand nets at night. Since that time, we have observed the behavior several times and documented it with photos and video. Rails are among the most elusive birds. Despite living in wetlands, water depth has often been discussed as a factor limiting habitat use by rails, with the assumption that when water levels are too deep, rails walk on top of floating or emergent vegetation. Here we present new photo and video evidence that confirms previous observations that Sora are adept at swimming and diving in deep water wetland environments, which should alter how we think about their ability to avoid predators and use deeper water habitats.
A time series of three closely-spaced data sets are used to track the early expansion of the invasive Japanese benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai in the southern portion of San Francisco Bay known as South Bay. The species initially appeared in 1983, comprising only 1.5% of the assemblage in one of four samples that were dominated by the native species Ammonia tepida and Cribroelphidium excavatum (means = 60.2% and 33.8%, respectively). By 1986, census counts and R- andQ-mode cluster analyses document the explosive growth of the invasive as T. hadai now dominates the assemblage (mean = 42.7%;max = 88.7%)with associated declines in abundance of A. tepida (by greater than one-half; mean = 26.8%) and C. excavatum (by greater than one-third; mean = 20.6%). The invasive continued to dominant the assemblage in 1987, spreading even further to the north and south in South Bay, although its average abundance dropped slightly (~2%) as did those of A. tepida (~3%) and C. excavatum (0.4%). A rare increase in abundance of Elphidiella hannai and the appearance of numerous coastalmarine species in the central portion of the bay are thought to be the result of an incursion ofmarine waters into South Bay due to the prevalent drought conditions in 1987. Clearly, the rapid decline in abundance of the formerly dominant species A. tepida and C. excavatum in South Bay from 1983 to 1986 that continued into 1987 suggests the introduction of T. hadai in the bay severely impacted the native population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2018, Initial dispersal (1986-1987) of the invasive foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Micropaleontology, v. 64, no. 5-6, p. 365-378.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"378","ipdsId":"IP-084633","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/micropaleontology/issue-344/article-2085"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.82714843749999,\n 37.36579146999664\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 37.36579146999664\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 38.46864331036051\n ],\n [\n -122.82714843749999,\n 38.46864331036051\n ],\n [\n -122.82714843749999,\n 37.36579146999664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"5-6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, Mary 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":169540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202519,"text":"70202519 - 2018 - The occurrence of the invasive foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio in Flamengo Inlet, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T09:52:41","indexId":"70202519","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-22T09:52:20","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The occurrence of the invasive foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio in Flamengo Inlet, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil","docAbstract":"The agglutinated foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio (1962), a dominant species in Japan, first appeared as an invasive species in San Francisco Bay, US, in 1983. Trochammina hadai's first appearance in the Brazilian coastal waters of Flamengo Inlet, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo State, is recorded nearly three decades later, in two of thirty-four sediment samples collected in the western portion known as \"Saco do Ribeira\" in 2010. By 2014 and 2015, the species was found alive in 78% of the samples with relative abundance reaching 18%. We suggest this recent colonization was most likely the result of an introduction by anchor mud on commercial fishing boats and recreational vessels or from fishing bait, and the species' proliferation due to its suitability to live in anthropogenically-induced stressed environmental conditions of the inlet that has affected the ecological dominance of this benthic community.
","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","usgsCitation":"Eichler, P.P., McGann, M., Rodrigues, A.R., Mendonca, A., Amorim, A., Bonetti, C., Cordeito de Farias, C., Mello e Sousa, S.H., Vital, H., and Praxedes Gomes, M., 2018, The occurrence of the invasive foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio in Flamengo Inlet, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil: Micropaleontology, v. 64, no. 5-6, p. 391-402.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"402","ipdsId":"IP-084538","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/micropaleontology/issue-344/article-2087"}],"country":"Brazil","state":"Sao Paulo","volume":"64","issue":"5-6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eichler, Patricia P. B.","contributorId":214001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eichler","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"P. B.","affiliations":[{"id":38958,"text":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (PPGG) and Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGann, Mary 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":169540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodrigues, Andre R.","contributorId":214002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodrigues","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38959,"text":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendonca, Alison","contributorId":214003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendonca","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38960,"text":"Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amorim, Audrey","contributorId":214009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amorim","given":"Audrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38960,"text":"Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonetti, Carla","contributorId":214004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonetti","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38959,"text":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cordeito de Farias, Cristiane","contributorId":214026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cordeito de Farias","given":"Cristiane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mello e Sousa, Silvia H.","contributorId":214005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mello e Sousa","given":"Silvia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":38961,"text":"Universidade de São Paulo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vital, Helenice","contributorId":214007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vital","given":"Helenice","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38962,"text":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Praxedes Gomes, Moab","contributorId":214008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Praxedes Gomes","given":"Moab","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38962,"text":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70201081,"text":"sim3421 - 2018 - Remote sensing of bush honeysuckle in the Middle Blue River Basin, Kansas City, Missouri, 2016–17","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-29T10:41:32","indexId":"sim3421","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-21T17:22:20","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3421","displayTitle":"Remote Sensing of Bush Honeysuckle in the Middle Blue River Basin, Kansas City, Missouri, 2016–17","title":"Remote sensing of bush honeysuckle in the Middle Blue River Basin, Kansas City, Missouri, 2016–17","docAbstract":"Amur honeysuckle bush (Lonicera maackii) and Morrow’s honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii) are two of the most aggressively invasive species to become established throughout areas along the Blue River in metropolitan Kansas City, Missouri. These two large, spreading shrubs (locally referred to as bush honeysuckle in the Kansas City metropolitan area) colonize the understory, crowd out native plants, and may be allelopathic, producing a chemical that restricts growth of native species. Removal efforts have been underway for more than a decade by local conservation groups such as Bridging The Gap and Heartland Conservation Alliance, who are concerned with the loss of native species diversity associated with the spread of bush honeysuckle. Bush honeysuckle produces leaves early in the spring before almost all other vegetation and retains leaves late in the fall after almost all other species have lost their leaves. Appropriately timed imagery can be used during early spring and late fall to map the extent of bush honeysuckle. Using multispectral imagery collected in February 2016 and true color aerial imagery collected in March 2016, a coverage map of bush honeysuckle was made to investigate the extent of bush honeysuckle in a study area along the middle reach of the Blue River in the Kansas City metropolitan area in Jackson County, Missouri. The coverage map was further classified into unlikely, low-, and high-density bush honeysuckle density at a 30-foot cell size. The unlikely density class correctly predicted the absence and approximate density of bush honeysuckle for 86 percent of the field-verification points, the low-density class predicted the presence and approximate density with 73-percent confidence, and the high-density class was predicted with 67-percent confidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3421","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mid-America Regional Council","usgsCitation":"Ellis, J.T., 2018, Remote sensing of bush honeysuckle in the Middle Blue River Basin, Kansas City, Missouri, 2016–17: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3421, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3421.","productDescription":"Sheet: 36.0 x 40.0 inches; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-098036","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360526,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RY02KM","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Maps and supporting data for the delineation of Bush Honeysuckle by remote sensing in the Middle Blue River Basin, Kansas City, Missouri, 2016–17"},{"id":360525,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3421/sim3421.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3421"},{"id":360524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3421/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Kansas City","otherGeospatial":"Middle Blue River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.6,\n 38.85\n ],\n [\n -94.4667,\n 38.85\n ],\n [\n -94.4667,\n 39.05\n ],\n [\n -94.6,\n 39.05\n ],\n [\n -94.6,\n 38.85\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
A SPARROW (SPAtially Related Regressions On Watershed attributes) model that was previously developed for western Oregon and northwestern California was updated using advancements in the SPARROW software and refinements to the input data. As was the case for the original model calibration, the updated models used the NHD Plus Version 2 as a hydrologic framework and relied on the same estimates of long-term mean suspended-sediment loads and watershed attributes. The updated calibration results indicated that two different SPARROW models were possible—one model from which sediment sources were represented by local lithology and one from which sediment sources were represented by generalized land-cover classes; precipitation, catchment slope, wildfire disturbance, and sediment loss in impoundments were significantly correlated with suspended-sediment loads in both models. The updated models also included a method to compensate for the bias introduced by using total suspended solids to represent suspended sediment in the calibration dataset—a feature that was not available during the original model calibration. The effect of this feature was an overall increase in estimated suspended-sediment loads. Although the lithology- and the land-cover based models used different landscape properties to describe sediment sources, each could be useful in specific applications. The lithology-based model provides more accurate estimates of suspended-sediment load, but the land-cover based model allows water-quality managers to estimate how much in-stream suspended-sediment load originates in areas with extensive development compared to the load that originates in areas with relatively little human impact.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185156","usgsCitation":"Wise, D.R., 2018, Updates to the suspended sediment SPARROW model developed for western Oregon and northeastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5156, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185156.","productDescription":"Report: v, 23 p.; Appendix; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-093497","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360706,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XVX2SM","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Predictions from the updated SPARROW suspended sediment models developed for western Oregon and northwestern California"},{"id":360705,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5156/sir20185156_appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"34 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2018-5156 Appendix 1"},{"id":360704,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5156/sir20185156.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5156"},{"id":360703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5156/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 46.3\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 46.3\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
On the Western Slope of Colorado, variable climate and precipitation conditions are typical. Periods of drought—which may be defined by lack of water, high temperatures, low soil moisture, or other indicators—cause a range of impacts across sectors, including water, land, and fire management.
The Western Slope’s Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) was one of the first pilot areas in which the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) implemented a drought early warning system (DEWS) in 2009. NIDIS presently supports eight regional DEWS; as of 2016, the UCRB DEWS has been incorporated into an expanded Intermountain West (IMW) DEWS. The selection of the UCRB for an initial DEWS reflects the regional importance of drought information for managing water supply for agriculture and other uses, and the need for effective decision support related to drought. Additionally, new drought information products were developed specifically for the UCRB DEWS, and a number of others have been created since 2009, adding to the preexisting toolkit for drought decision making.
The various elements of the UCRB drought early warning system can be expected to be more or less suitable for the needs of different decision makers. As a result, the UCRB makes an ideal case study to examine the use of scientific information products and tools in which the broad decision context (managing drought) is defined, but information needs of current and prospective users vary. Thus decision makers will make varied choices about which of the available tools to use or not use, depending on the particular management and institutional context in which they work. This report investigates the factors that affect the choices of decision makers about whether and how to use particular information sources, products, and tools. The investigation focused on the following research questions:
Studies of decision support tools or information sources often concentrate on the known users of a given tool(s). Such an approach can yield useful information; it provides rich insight into the experiences of users and can suggest design modifications to make existing tools more effective. Yet it is not an effective approach to capture the perspectives and needs of prospective tool users or to investigate the factors that affect whether or not someone chooses to use tools in the first place. To overcome this challenge, in this study the author instead used a geographically based sampling strategy in which a range of natural resource managers from preidentified Federal management units and selected State agencies on the Western Slope were considered prospective users of tools. Prospective users were then asked to describe in an open-ended fashion what information and tools they do or do not use and why. This approach allowed for respondents to report both use and nonuse of tools, and thus the ability to identify factors that influence information and tool use choices by managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181173","usgsCitation":"Cravens, A.E., 2018, How and why Upper Colorado River Basin land, water, and fire managers choose to use drought tools (or not): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1173, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181173.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091495","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360635,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1173/ofr20181173.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1173"},{"id":360592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1173/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Building C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118