{"pageNumber":"3152","pageRowStart":"78775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184883,"records":[{"id":70023376,"text":"70023376 - 2001 - A standardized sampling protocol for channel catfish in prairie streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-21T17:07:26","indexId":"70023376","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A standardized sampling protocol for channel catfish in prairie streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three alternative gears&mdash;an AC electrofishing raft, bankpoles, and a 15-hoop-net set&mdash;were used in a standardized manner to sample channel catfish&nbsp;</span><i>Ictalurus punctatus</i><span>&nbsp;in three prairie streams of varying size in three seasons. We compared these gears as to time required per sample, size selectivity, mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) among months, mean CPUE within months, effect of fluctuating stream stage, and sensitivity to population size. According to these comparisons, the 15-hoop-net set used during stable water levels in October had the most desirable characteristics. Using our catch data, we estimated the precision of CPUE and size structure by varying sample sizes for the 15-hoop-net set. We recommend that 11&ndash;15 repetitions of the 15-hoop-net set be used for most management activities. This standardized basic unit of effort will increase the precision of estimates and allow better comparisons among samples as well as increased confidence in management decisions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0188:ASSPFC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Vokoun, J.C., and Rabeni, C.F., 2001, A standardized sampling protocol for channel catfish in prairie streams: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 1, p. 188-197, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0188:ASSPFC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big Creek, Grand River, Yellow Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.2791748046875,\n              39.37677199661635\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.2791748046875,\n              40.250184183819854\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98278808593749,\n              40.250184183819854\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98278808593749,\n              39.37677199661635\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.2791748046875,\n              39.37677199661635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5abe4b0c8380cd46ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vokoun, Jason C.","contributorId":173912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vokoun","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023684,"text":"70023684 - 2001 - Effects of color bands on Semipalmated Sandpipers banded at hatch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T14:22:04","indexId":"70023684","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of color bands on Semipalmated Sandpipers banded at hatch","docAbstract":"<p>Effects of color bands on adult birds have been investigated in many studies, but much less is known about the effects of bands on birds banded at hatch. We captured Semipalmated Sandpiper (<i>Calidris pusilla</i>) chicks at hatch on the Alaskan North Slope and attached 0–3 bands to them. The chicks were resighted and reweighed during the subsequent two weeks. The number of chicks banded varied from 18 to 21 among treatments; 6–9 were resighted, and 6–7 were reweighed, per treatment. The proportion resighted varied from 0.33 to 0.45. The estimated resighting probability, given that we encountered a brood, was 82%. We tested for effects of the bands on survival and mass gain by analyzing whether the proportion of chicks resighted, or their mass, varied with the number of bands. We found no evidence that bands affected the chicks and were able to rule out (with 95% confidence) a decline in survivorship of more than 13% and a loss of mass of more than 10%. Although bands had little if any effect on chicks in our study, we believe their effects should be evaluated whenever survivorship or mass gain are estimated using color-marked chicks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-72.4.521","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Battaglia, D.S., and Senner, N.R., 2001, Effects of color bands on Semipalmated Sandpipers banded at hatch: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 72, no. 4, p. 521-526, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-72.4.521.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"526","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b7e4b0c8380cd513b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglia, Daniel S.","contributorId":78461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senner, Nathan R.","contributorId":140465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senner","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023786,"text":"70023786 - 2001 - Sample-size requirements for evaluating population size structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023786","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sample-size requirements for evaluating population size structure","docAbstract":"A method with an accompanying computer program is described to estimate the number of individuals needed to construct a sample length-frequency with a given accuracy and precision. First, a reference length-frequency assumed to be accurate for a particular sampling gear and collection strategy was constructed. Bootstrap procedures created length-frequencies with increasing sample size that were randomly chosen from the reference data and then were compared with the reference length-frequency by calculating the mean squared difference. Outputs from two species collected with different gears and an artificial even length-frequency are used to describe the characteristics of the method. The relations between the number of individuals used to construct a length-frequency and the similarity to the reference length-frequency followed a negative exponential distribution and showed the importance of using 300-400 individuals whenever possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0660:SSRFEP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Vokoun, J., Rabeni, C., and Stanovick, J., 2001, Sample-size requirements for evaluating population size structure: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 660-665, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0660:SSRFEP>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"660","endPage":"665","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207568,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0660:SSRFEP>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab067e4b0c8380cd87abe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vokoun, J.C.","contributorId":75302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vokoun","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanovick, J.S.","contributorId":20510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanovick","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022742,"text":"70022742 - 2001 - Effects of pool formation and flash flooding on relative abundance of young-of-year flannelmouth suckers in the Paria River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:48:15","indexId":"70022742","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of pool formation and flash flooding on relative abundance of young-of-year flannelmouth suckers in the Paria River, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Flannelmouth sucker,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Catostomus latipinnis</i>, a fish endemic to the Colorado River basin in the western United States, appears to experience poor recruitment to adult size in the Colorado River, downstream of Glen Canyon Dam. Lack or impermanence of rearing areas for young-of-year (YOY) fish is hypothesized to be the problem. Knowing the importance of tributary mouths as rearing areas in other river systems, we studied use of the mouth of the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River, by YOY flannelmouth suckers, and the availability of rearing area in the mouth at different flow levels in the Colorado River in 1996 and 1997. We also examined the relationship between flash floods in the Paria River and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of YOY in the Paria River between 1991 and 1996.</p><p>Maximum mean daily discharge in the Paria River was inversely correlated with CPUE of YOY flannelmouth suckers (Spearman Rho=−0.9856,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i>=0.0003) during their critical rearing period (15 March–30 June). Thus, it appears that YOY flannelmouth suckers rear longer in the Paria River in years when flash flooding is minimal.</p><p>Recruitment of YOY flannelmouth suckers at the Paria River may also be improved by enhancing pool formation during spring and summer rearing seasons. YOY flannelmouth sucker was captured in a pool created by high Colorado River flows (≥336 m<sup>3</sup>/s) that inundated the mouth of the Paria River during spring and summer, 1996. In 1997, high flows (about 550–750 m<sup>3</sup>/s) in the Colorado River during winter and spring initially inundated the Paria River and formed a pool in the mouth. However, these high flows eventually caused 0.5–1.0 m of suspended sediment from the incoming Paria River to deposit in the mouth. Thus, despite higher flows than 1996, the slackwater area formed only occasionally in 1997. Differences in pool formation between 1996 and 1997 demonstrate that pool formation cannot be inferred solely from Colorado River flows.<span>&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rrr.618","usgsCitation":"Thieme, M.L., McIvor, C., Brouder, M.J., and Hoffnagle, T.L., 2001, Effects of pool formation and flash flooding on relative abundance of young-of-year flannelmouth suckers in the Paria River, Arizona: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 17, no. 2, p. 145-156, https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.618.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizon","otherGeospatial":"Paria River","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0786e4b0c8380cd51731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieme, Michele L.","contributorId":18145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieme","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIvor, Carole carole_mcivor@usgs.gov","contributorId":3665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"Carole","email":"carole_mcivor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brouder, Mark J.","contributorId":13015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouder","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffnagle, Timothy L.","contributorId":30523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffnagle","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023375,"text":"70023375 - 2001 - Hellas as a possible site of ancient ice-covered lakes on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023375","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hellas as a possible site of ancient ice-covered lakes on Mars","docAbstract":"Based on topographic, morphologic, and stratigraphic evidence, we propose that ancient water-laid sediment is the dominant component of deposits within Hellas Planitia, Mars. Multiple-layered sediment is manifested by alternating benches and scarps visible in Mars orbiting camera narrow-angle (MOC NA) images. Viking Orbiter camera and MOC NA images were used to map contacts and stratigraphically order the different materials units within Hellas. Mars orbiting laser altimeter (MOLA) data reveal that the contacts of these sedimentary units, as well as a number of scarps or other abrupt changes in landscape texture, trace contours of constant elevation for thousands of km, and in one case all around the basin. Channels, consensually interpreted to be cut by water, lead into the basin. MOLA results indicate that the area encompassed by greater Hellas' highest closed contour is nearly one-fifth that of the entire northern plains, making the Hellas \"drainage\" area much larger than previously reported. If lakes formed under climatic conditions similar to the modern Martian climate, they would develop thick ice carapaces, then the lakes would eventually sublimate away. Two units within Hellas exhibit a reticulate or honeycomb pattern, which we speculate are impressions made by lake-lowered ice blocks grounding into initially soft mud.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.2001.6736","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.N., and Wilhelms, D., 2001, Hellas as a possible site of ancient ice-covered lakes on Mars: Icarus, v. 154, no. 2, p. 258-276, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6736.","startPage":"258","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478918,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6736","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6736"},{"id":232442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3046e4b0c8380cd5d4d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilhelms, D.E.","contributorId":82302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023682,"text":"70023682 - 2001 - Pleistocene reduction of polar ice caps: Evidence from Cariaco Basin marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:19:55.755008","indexId":"70023682","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene reduction of polar ice caps: Evidence from Cariaco Basin marine sediments","docAbstract":"Sea level is projected to rise between 13 and 94 cm over the next 100 yr due to continued climate warming. The sea-level projections assume that polar ice sheets will remain stable or even increase on time scales of centuries, but controversial geologic evidence suggests that current polar ice sheets have been eliminated or greatly reduced during previous Pleistocene interglacials indicating that modern polar ice sheets have become unstable within the natural range of interglacial climates. Sea level may have been more than 20 m higher than today during a presumably very warm interglacial about 400 ka during marine isotope stage 11. Because of the implications for future sea level rise, additional study of the conflicting evidence for warmer conditions and higher sea level during marine isotope stage 11 is needed. Here we present microfossil and isotopic data from marine sediments of the Cariaco Basin supporting the interpretation that global sea level was 10-20 m higher than today during marine isotope stage 11. The increased sea level requires reduction in modern polar ice sheets and is consistent with the interpretation that the West Antarctic ice sheet and the Greenland ice sheet were absent or greatly reduced during marine isotope stage 11. Our results show a warm marine isotope stage 11 interglacial climate with sea level as high as or above modern sea level that lasted for 25 to 30 k.y. Variations in Earth's orbit around the sun (Milankovitch cycles) are considered to be a primary external force driving glacial-interglacial cycles. Current and marine isotope stage 11 Milankovitch forcing are very similar, suggesting that the present interglacial (Holocene) that began ca. 10 ka will continue for another 15 to 20 k.y. Therefore any anthropogenic climate warming will accelerate the natural process toward reduction in polar ice sheets. The potential for increased rates of sea level rise related to polar ice sheet decay should be considered as a potential natural hazard on centennial time scales.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0071:PROPIC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Poore, R., and Dowsett, H., 2001, Pleistocene reduction of polar ice caps: Evidence from Cariaco Basin marine sediments: Geology, v. 29, no. 1, p. 71-74, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0071:PROPIC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"74","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Venezuela","otherGeospatial":"Cariaco Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.357666015625,\n              10.039175972340953\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.7698974609375,\n              10.017539021316155\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.57763671875,\n              10.201406794334043\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.44030761718749,\n              10.206813072484595\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.1436767578125,\n              10.406780403388979\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.599853515625,\n              10.466205555063882\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.73168945312501,\n              10.633614991656051\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.039306640625,\n              10.968157126419486\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.22607421875,\n              10.989727622371035\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.36865234375,\n              11.000512279195748\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.2860107421875,\n              10.628216112538693\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.89050292968749,\n              10.217625353199578\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.357666015625,\n              10.039175972340953\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c50e4b0c8380cd798ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023787,"text":"70023787 - 2001 - Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:22:57.383783","indexId":"70023787","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements","docAbstract":"<p><span>The January 1997 East Rift Zone eruption on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, occurred within a network of continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The GPS measurements reveal the temporal history of deformation during dike intrusion, beginning ∼8 hours prior to the onset of the eruption. The dike volume as a function of time, estimated from the GPS data using elastic Green's functions for a homogeneous half-space, shows that only two thirds of the final dike volume accumulated prior to the eruption and the rate of volume change decreased with time. These observations are inconsistent with simple models of dike propagation, which predict accelerating dike volume up to the time of the eruption and little or no change thereafter. Deflationary tilt changes at Kilauea summit mirror the inferred dike volume history, suggesting that the rate of dike propagation is limited by flow of magma into the dike. A simple, lumped parameter model of a coupled dike magma chamber system shows that the tendency for a dike to end in an eruption (rather than intrusion) is favored by high initial dike pressures, compressional stress states, large, compressible magma reservoirs, and highly conductive conduits linking the dike and source reservoirs. Comparison of model predictions to the observed dike volume history, the ratio of erupted to intruded magma, and the deflationary history of the summit magma chamber suggest that most of the magma supplied to the growing dike came from sources near to the eruption through highly conductive conduits. Interpretation is complicated by the presence of multiple source reservoirs, magma vesiculation and cooling, as well as spatial variations in dike-normal stress. Reinflation of the summit magma chamber following the eruption was measured by GPS and accompanied a rise in the level of the Pu'u O'o lava lake. For a spheroidal chamber these data imply a summit magma chamber volume of ∼20 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>, consistent with recent estimates from seismic tomography. Continuous deformation measurements can be used to image the spatiotemporal evolution of propagating dikes and to reveal quantitative information about the volcanic plumbing systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000229","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Segall, P., Cervelli, P., Owen, S., Lisowski, M., and Mikijus, A., 2001, Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B9, p. 19301-19317, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000229.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"19301","endPage":"19317","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.29356501158992,\n              19.397005960508707\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2859111779368,\n              19.394092842334288\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27261767738136,\n              19.395866050911422\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26912645501318,\n              19.398905792091867\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26442673259461,\n              19.403591948485584\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2574442878584,\n              19.4057450021093\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25059612090553,\n              19.41017766982378\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24643350962046,\n              19.408911205662818\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24012245380123,\n              19.409037852522204\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23891395375074,\n              19.41359707378831\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24079384271812,\n              19.41486350145172\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24321084281917,\n              19.418156167201673\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24549356513683,\n              19.41878936450675\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25086467647228,\n              19.417902887589094\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25637006559123,\n              19.42309504075868\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.257310010075,\n              19.42828702802622\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25905562125902,\n              19.430059863724253\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2683207883129,\n              19.43081964452884\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27449756634877,\n              19.432339195474597\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27986867768433,\n              19.43031312438704\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28765678912083,\n              19.421955314029162\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29611628947433,\n              19.416003277912424\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2957134561242,\n              19.413090499961413\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29799617844174,\n              19.409544438976212\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29356501158992,\n              19.397005960508707\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0ae4b0c8380cd4d8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023374,"text":"70023374 - 2001 - Effects of Land-Cover Change, Floods, and Stream Position on Geomorphic Processes - Implications for Restoration Activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023374","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of Land-Cover Change, Floods, and Stream Position on Geomorphic Processes - Implications for Restoration Activities","docAbstract":"A geomorphic study for North Fish Creek, a northern Wisconsin tributary to Lake Superior was analyzed to determine the hydrologic and geomorphic changes caused by clear-cut logging and agricultural activity. Discharge magnitude estimated with HEC-2 for full-channel capacities indicate that modern full-channel discharges are about twice as large as pre-1946 full-channel discharges. Flood-plain deposition rates were high along the transitional main stem after European settlement. Restoration and protection activities would be most effective if focused on watershed practices to reduce runoff and on channel restoration that reduce buff and bank erosion in the upper and transitional main stems.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference","conferenceDate":"27 August 2001 through 31 August 2001","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0784405816","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., 2001, Effects of Land-Cover Change, Floods, and Stream Position on Geomorphic Processes - Implications for Restoration Activities, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference, Reno, NV, 27 August 2001 through 31 August 2001, p. 537-550.","startPage":"537","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a065ae4b0c8380cd511f9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hayes D.F.Hayes D.F.","contributorId":128356,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hayes D.F.Hayes D.F.","id":536497,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023680,"text":"70023680 - 2001 - Body conditions and stomach contents of subadult trout during fall and winter in three Wyoming tailwaters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023680","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body conditions and stomach contents of subadult trout during fall and winter in three Wyoming tailwaters","docAbstract":"We studied three tailwaters in Wyoming from October 1997 through February 1998 to determine whether body conditions of stocked, subadult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss or cutthroat trout O. clarki declined from fall through winter and to assess whether lack of food in stomachs might be related to any declines. Body conditions of rainbow trout in two tailwaters remained high through the winter. Body conditions of cutthroat trout in a third tailwater declined between October and February but not to levels anticipated to affect the overwinter survival of the fish. Trout with substantial amounts of food in their stomachs were found throughout the fall and winter in all three tailwaters. In no subadult trout in any of the three tailwaters did we observe rapid declines in body conditions during fall or continuous declines in body conditions to very low levels by the end of winter in association with low biomass of food in stomachs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0897:BCASCO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Hebdon, J., and Hubert, W., 2001, Body conditions and stomach contents of subadult trout during fall and winter in three Wyoming tailwaters: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 4, p. 897-903, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0897:BCASCO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"897","endPage":"903","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207328,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0897:BCASCO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1f3e4b0c8380cd4af03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hebdon, J.L.","contributorId":66549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebdon","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023500,"text":"70023500 - 2001 - Evolution of continental slope gullies on the northern California margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:43:51.092066","indexId":"70023500","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of continental slope gullies on the northern California margin","docAbstract":"<p><span>A series of subparallel, downslope-trending gullies on the northern California continental slope is revealed on high-resolution seismic reflection profiles imaging the uppermost 50 m of sediment. The gullies are typically 100 m wide and have 1 to 3 m of relief. They extend for 10 to 15 km down the slope and merge into larger channels that feed the Trinity Canyon. In the lower half of the 50 m stratigraphic section, the gullies increase in both relief and number up section, to maxima at a surface 5 to 10 m below the last glacial maximum lowstand surface. Gully relief increased as interfluves aggraded more rapidly than thalwegs. Erosion is not evident in the gully bottoms, therefore gully growth was probably due to reduced sediment deposition within the gullies relative to that on interfluves. As the gullies increased in relief, their heads extended upslope toward the shelfbreak. At all times, a minimum of 10 km of non-gullied upper slope and shelf stretched between the heads of the gullies and the paleo-shoreline; the gullies did not connect with a subaerial drainage network at any time. Gully growth occurred when the gully heads were in relatively shallow water (∼ 200 m paleo-water depth) and were closest to potential sediment sources. We suggest that prior to the last glacial maximum, the Mad River, then within 10 km of the gully heads, supplied sediment to the upper slope, which fed downslope-eroding sediment flows. These flows removed sediment from nearly parallel gullies at a rate slightly slower than sediment accumulation from the Eel River, 40 km to the south. The process or processes responsible for gully growth and maintenance prior to the last glacial maximum effectively ceased following the lowstand, when sea level rose and gully heads lay in deeper water (∼ 300 m water depth), farther from potential sediment sources. During sea-level highstand, the Mad River is separated from the gully heads by a shelf 30 km wide and no longer feeds sediment flows down the gullies, which fill with sediment from the distal Eel River. Approximately one-half of the subsurface gullies have no expression on the seafloor, because they have completely filled with sediment following the last glacial maximum lowstand of sea level.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/092500710237","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Spinelli, G., and Field, M., 2001, Evolution of continental slope gullies on the northern California margin: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 71, no. 2, p. 237-245, https://doi.org/10.1306/092500710237.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.90601113183669,\n              40.36874515089852\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.90601113183669,\n              41.99748299209827\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.30127480371189,\n              41.99748299209827\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.30127480371189,\n              40.36874515089852\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.90601113183669,\n              40.36874515089852\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d7ee4b0c8380cd53059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinelli, G.A.","contributorId":29995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinelli","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023501,"text":"70023501 - 2001 - Temporal patterns of fish recruitment on a fringing coral reef in Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023501","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Temporal patterns of fish recruitment on a fringing coral reef in Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., Beets, J., and Rogers, C., 2001, Temporal patterns of fish recruitment on a fringing coral reef in Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, <i>in</i> Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 69, no. 2, p. 567-577.","startPage":"567","endPage":"577","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba515e4b08c986b3207d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.","contributorId":16939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beets, J.","contributorId":95640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beets","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, C.","contributorId":27229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023502,"text":"70023502 - 2001 - On-line sulfur isotope analysis of organic material by direct combustion: Preliminary results and potential applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T09:11:03","indexId":"70023502","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2114,"text":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On-line sulfur isotope analysis of organic material by direct combustion: Preliminary results and potential applications","docAbstract":"<p>Sulfur isotopes have received little attention in ecology studies because plant and animal materials typically have low sulfur concentrations (&lt; 1 wt.%) necessitating labor-intensive chemical extraction prior to analysis. To address the potential of direct combustion of organic material in an elemental analyzer coupled with a mass spectrometer, we compared results obtained by direct combustion to results obtained by sulfur extraction with Eschka's mixture. Direct combustion of peat and animal tissue gave reproducibility of better than 0.5??? and on average, values are 0.8??? higher than values obtained by Eschka extraction. Successful direct combustion of organic material appears to be a function of sample matrix and sulfur concentration. Initial results indicate that direct combustion provides fast, reliable results with minimal preparation. Pilot studies underway include defining bear diets and examining fluctuations between freshwater and brackish water in coastal environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10256010108033281","usgsCitation":"Kester, C., Rye, R.O., Johnson, C.A., Schwartz, C., and Holmes, C., 2001, On-line sulfur isotope analysis of organic material by direct combustion: Preliminary results and potential applications: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 37, no. 1, p. 53-65, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256010108033281.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10256010108033281"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e1de4b0c8380cd754c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kester, C.L.","contributorId":44874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kester","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, C.H.","contributorId":24530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, C.H.","contributorId":9428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023503,"text":"70023503 - 2001 - Modern sedimentation on the shoreface and inner continental shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:35:44.990133","indexId":"70023503","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern sedimentation on the shoreface and inner continental shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A","docAbstract":"<p>The geologic framework and surficial morphology of the shoreface and inner continental shelf off the Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, barrier island were mapped using high-resolution sidescan-sonar, bathymetric, and seismic-reflection surveying techniques, a suite of over 200 diver vibracores, and extensive seafloor observations by divers. The inner shelf is a sediment-starved, active surface of marine erosion; modern sediments, where present, form a patchy veneer over Tertiary and Quaternary units. The lithology of the underlying units exerts a primary control on the distribution, texture, and composition of surficial sediments, as well as inner-shelf bathymetry.</p><p>The shoreface is dominated by a linear, cross-shore morphology of rippled scour depressions (RSDs) extending from just seaward of the surf zone onto the inner shelf. On the upper shoreface, the RSDs are incised up to 1 m below surrounding areas of fine sand, and have an asymmetric cross section that is steeper-sided to the north. On the inner shelf, the RSDs have a similar but more subdued cross-sectional profile. The depressions are floored primarily by shell hash and quartz gravel. Vibracore data show a thick (up to 1.5 m) sequence of RSD sediments that unconformably overlies ancient coastal lithosomes. In this sediment-starved inner shelf setting, rippled scour depressions probably form initially on preexisting coarse-sediment substrates such as modern lag deposits of paleofluvial channel lithosomes or ancient tidal inlet thalwegs. Interannual observations of seafloor morphologic change and the longer-term record contained in vibracores suggest that the present seafloor morphology is either relatively stable or represents a recurring, preferential morphologic state to which the seafloor returns after storm-induced perturbations. The apparent stability is interpreted to be the result of interactions at several scales that contribute to a repeating, self-reinforcing pattern of forcing and sedimentary response which ultimately causes the RSDs to be maintained as sediment-starved bedforms responding to both along-shore and across-shore flows.</p><p>Sediment accumulation from over 30 years of extensive beach nourishment at Wrightsville Beach appears to have exceeded the local shoreface accommodation space, resulting in the \"leaking\" of beach and shoreface sediment to the inner shelf. A macroscopically identifiable beach nourishment sediment on the shoreface and inner shelf was used to identify the decadal-scale pattern of sediment dispersal. The nourishment sediment is present in a seaward-thinning wedge that extends from the beach over a kilometer onto the inner shelf to waters depths of 14 m. This wedge is best developed offshore of the shoreline segment that has received the greatest volume of beach nourishment.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1306/032101710958","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Thieler, R., Pilkey, O., Cleary, W., and Schwab, W.C., 2001, Modern sedimentation on the shoreface and inner continental shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 71, no. 6, p. 958-970, https://doi.org/10.1306/032101710958.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"958","endPage":"970","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Wrightsville Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.81562203476128,\n              34.18743466787062\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.81493538925368,\n              34.18388461948598\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.80858391830607,\n              34.18629866864269\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.80463570663616,\n              34.19254647506095\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.79931420395098,\n              34.19921975702705\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7915894419882,\n              34.2084478936936\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.78077477524015,\n              34.22491405796035\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.76893014023032,\n              34.23910644406463\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.76961678573794,\n              34.24237035450281\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.77236336776905,\n              34.24336369342993\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.78352135727124,\n              34.2288881671807\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.79141778061111,\n              34.2171072260782\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.79450768539637,\n              34.21597162662759\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.79485100814986,\n              34.21157103419219\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.80446404525973,\n              34.19879381863886\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.81562203476128,\n              34.18743466787062\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca0e4b0c8380cd6fe30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieler, R.E.","contributorId":59988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilkey, O.H. Jr.","contributorId":20931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkey","given":"O.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleary, W.J.","contributorId":65254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleary","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023679,"text":"70023679 - 2001 - Volcano collapse promoted by hydrothermal alteration and edifice shape, Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-06T06:39:27","indexId":"70023679","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano collapse promoted by hydrothermal alteration and edifice shape, Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"Catastrophic collapses of steep volcano flanks threaten many populated regions, and understanding factors that promote collapse could save lives and property. Large collapses of hydrothermally altered parts of Mount Rainier have generated far-traveled debris flows; future flows would threaten densely populated parts of the Puget Sound region. We evaluate edifice collapse hazards at Mount Rainier using a new three-dimensional slope stability method incorporating detailed geologic mapping and subsurface geophysical imaging to determine distributions of strong (fresh) and weak (altered) rock. Quantitative three-dimensional slope stability calculations reveal that sizeable flank collapse (>0.1 km3) is promoted by voluminous, weak, hydrothermally altered rock situated high on steep slopes. These conditions exist only on Mount Rainier's upper west slope, consistent with the Holocene debris-flow history. Widespread alteration on lower flanks or concealed in regions of gentle slope high on the edifice does not greatly facilitate collapse. Our quantitative stability assessment method can also provide useful hazard predictions using reconnaissance geologic information and is a potentially rapid and inexpensive new tool for aiding volcano hazard assessments.","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0779:VCPBHA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Reid, M., Sisson, T.W., and Brien, D., 2001, Volcano collapse promoted by hydrothermal alteration and edifice shape, Mount Rainier, Washington: Geology, v. 29, no. 9, p. 779-782, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0779:VCPBHA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"782","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.091064453125,\n              46.63057868059483\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              46.63057868059483\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              46.9989876381546\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.091064453125,\n              46.9989876381546\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.091064453125,\n              46.63057868059483\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc328e4b08c986b32afb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brien, D.L.","contributorId":43027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023373,"text":"70023373 - 2001 - Biomonitoring for deposited sediment using benthic invertebrates: A test on 4 Missouri streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T12:37:42","indexId":"70023373","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomonitoring for deposited sediment using benthic invertebrates: A test on 4 Missouri streams","docAbstract":"The response of stream benthic invertebrates to surficially deposited fine sediment was investigated in 4 Missouri streams. Twenty to 24 sampling sites in each stream were selected based on similarities of substrate particle-size distributions, depths, and current velocities but for differences in amounts of deposited sediment, which ranged from 0 to 100% surface cover. Deposited sediment was quantified 2 ways: a visual estimate of % surface cover, and a measurement of substrate embeddedness, which were highly correlated with each other and with the amount of sand. Invertebrates were collected using a kicknet for a specified time in a 1-m2 area. Five commonly used biomonitoring metrics (taxa richness, density, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera [EPT] richness, EPT density, and EPT/Chironomidae richness) were consistently significantly correlated across streams to deposited sediment. Shannon diversity index, Chironomidae richness, Chironomidae density, a biotic index, and % dominant taxon did not relate to increasing levels of deposited sediment. Tolerance values representing taxa responses to deposited sediment were developed for 30 taxa. Deposited-sediment tolerance values were not correlated with biotic index tolerance values, indicating a different response by taxa to deposited sediment than to organic enrichment. Deposited-sediment tolerance values were used to develop the Deposited Sediment Biotic Index (DSBI). The DSBI was calculated for all samples (n = 85) to characterize sediment impairment of the sampled streams. DSBI values for each site were highly correlated with measures of deposited sediment. Model validation by a resampling procedure confirmed that the DSBI is a potentially useful tool for assessing ecological effects of deposited sediment.","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/1468094","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Zweig, L., and Rabeni, C.F., 2001, Biomonitoring for deposited sediment using benthic invertebrates: A test on 4 Missouri streams: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 20, no. 4, p. 643-657, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468094.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"657","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70023371,"text":"70023371 - 2001 - Diet dynamics of the juvenile piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA, 1997-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023371","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet dynamics of the juvenile piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA, 1997-1998","docAbstract":"We assessed temporal dynamics and variation among species and age-classes in the diets of age 0 and age 1 piscivorous fish species in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA during 1997 and 1998. Species included walleye Stizostedion vitreum, yellow perch Perca flavescens, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus and white bass Morone chrysops. Thirty taxa were identified in diets, including 12 species of fish. We found dramatic differences in diets among species, among age-classes within species and over time. Walleye, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass and white bass were piscivorous at age 0. Black crappie began piscivory at age 1. Yellow perch also began piscivory at age 1, but fish were a very small fraction of age-1 diets. The primary temporal pattern, seen in several species and age- classes, was an increase in piscivory from spring to fall. This pattern was due to the lack of small, age-0 prey fish in spring. Although some patterns were evident, the taxonomic composition of the diets of all species was highly variable over time, making generalizations difficult. A surprising result was the absence of yellow perch in the diet of age-0 walleye, despite their abundance in Spirit Lake and prominence in diets of age-1 walleye and other age 1-piscivores. Age-0 yellow perch were consistently too large to be eaten by age-0 piscivores, which preyed primarily on invertebrates and smaller fish such as johnny darters Etheostoma nigrum and age 0 bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. This finding suggests that predator-prey interactions and resulting population dynamics may be quite different in Spirit Lake than in other systems dominated by walleye and yellow perch.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0633.2001.100402.x","issn":"09066691","usgsCitation":"Pelham, M.E., Pierce, C., and Larscheid, J.G., 2001, Diet dynamics of the juvenile piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA, 1997-1998: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 10, no. 4, p. 198-211, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2001.100402.x.","startPage":"198","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479003,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/120","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207447,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2001.100402.x"},{"id":232400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00d2e4b0c8380cd4f931","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pelham, M. E.","contributorId":9035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larscheid, J. G.","contributorId":11796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larscheid","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023504,"text":"70023504 - 2001 - Patterns of mammalian species richness and habitat associations in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T12:23:08","indexId":"70023504","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of mammalian species richness and habitat associations in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Landscape variables were employed as indices of habitat heterogeneity, fragmentation, and human influence on the environment to characterize constituent units of a 635 km<sup>2</sup> grid covering the state of Pennsylvania. Species richness was determined by overlaying the distributions of all 60 terrestrial mammalian species found within the state. All landscape variables investigated were correlated with species richness. Areas with high topographic variation and low road density had the highest species richness. Species sensitive to habitat fragmentation were also associated with large forest patches and low road density. These landscape variables may be useful in identifying areas that are important for the conservation of these species. Associations between species distributions and landscape variables were substantiated by published habitat associations. Species with extremely limited distributions were not associated with landscape variables and represent special cases for conservation planners. Rare species, as defined by their limited geographical distribution, were not associated with areas of high species richness (hotspots). The utility of species richness hotspots for conservation planning is disputable. Hotspots of species richness were associated with large forest patches and low road density.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00223-8","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., and Myers, W., 2001, Patterns of mammalian species richness and habitat associations in Pennsylvania: Biological Conservation, v. 99, no. 2, p. 253-260, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00223-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"260","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70023636,"text":"70023636 - 2001 - Widespread potential for microbial MTBE degradation in surface-water sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:27:57","indexId":"70023636","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread potential for microbial MTBE degradation in surface-water sediments","docAbstract":"Microorganisms indigenous to stream and lake bed sediments, collected from 11 sites throughout the United States, demonstrated significant mineralization of the fuel oxygenate, methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Mineralization of [U-14C]MTBE to 14CO2 ranged from 15 to 66% over 50 days and did not differ significantly between sediments collected from MTBE contaminated sites and from sites with no history of MTBE exposure. This result suggests that even the microbial communities indigenous to newly contaminated surface water systems will exhibit some innate ability to attenuate MTBE under aerobic conditions. The magnitude of MTBE mineralization was related to the sediment grain size distribution. A pronounced, inverse correlation (p < 0.001; r2 = 0.73) was observed between the final recovery of 14CO2 and the percentage content of silt and clay sized grains (grain diameter < 0.125 mm). The results of this study indicate that the microorganisms that inhabit the bed sediments of streams and lakes can degrade MTBE efficiently and that this capability is widespread in the environment. Thus aerobic bed sediment microbial processes may provide a significant environmental sink for MTBE in surface water systems throughout the United States and may contribute to the reported transience of MTBE in some surface waters.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0015489","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Landmeyer, J., and Chapelle, F.H., 2001, Widespread potential for microbial MTBE degradation in surface-water sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 658-662, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0015489.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"658","endPage":"662","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207305,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0015489"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0b8e4b08c986b32f00a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023516,"text":"70023516 - 2001 - Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:30:36","indexId":"70023516","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier","docAbstract":"Many published studies have used visual comparison of the timing of peak breakthrough of colloids versus conservative dissolved tracers (hereafter referred to as dissolved tracers or tracers) in subsurface media to determine whether they are advected differently, and to elucidate the mechanisms of differential advection. This purely visual approach of determining differential advection may have artifacts, however, due to the attachment of colloids to subsurface media. The attachment of colloids to subsurface media may shift the colloidal peak breakthrough to earlier times, causing an apparent \"faster\" peak breakthrough of colloids relative to dissolve tracers even though the transport velocities for the colloids and the dissolved tracers may actually be equivalent. In this paper, a peak shift analysis was presented to illustrate the artifacts associated with the purely visual approach in determining differential advection, and to quantify the peak shift due to colloid attachment. This peak shift analysis was described within the context of microsphere and bromide transport within a zero-valent iron (ZVI) permeable reactive barrier (PRB) located in Fry Canyon, Utah. Application of the peak shift analysis to the field microsphere and bromide breakthrough data indicated that differential advection of the microspheres relative to the bromide occurred in the monitoring wells closest to the injection well in the PRB. It was hypothesized that the physical heterogeneity at the grain scale, presumably arising from differences in inter- versus intra-particle porosity, contributed to the differential advection of the microspheres versus the bromide in the PRB. The relative breakthrough (RB) of microspheres at different wells was inversely related to the ionic strength of ground water at these wells, in agreement with numerous studies showing that colloid attachment is directly related to solution ionic strength.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02471.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Zhang, P., Johnson, W., Piana, M., Fuller, C.C., and Naftz, D.L., 2001, Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 6, p. 831-840, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02471.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"840","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ebde4b0c8380cd7a703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, P.","contributorId":92822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.P.","contributorId":43315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piana, M.J.","contributorId":22940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piana","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023518,"text":"70023518 - 2001 - A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T16:30:10.25075","indexId":"70023518","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography","docAbstract":"The geologic structure of the Earth's upper crust can be revealed by modeling variation in seismic arrival times and in potential field measurements. We demonstrate a simple method for sequentially satisfying seismic traveltime and observed gravity residuals in an iterative 3-D inversion. The algorithm is portable to any seismic analysis method that uses a gridded representation of velocity structure. Our technique calculates the gravity anomaly resulting from a velocity model by converting to density with Gardner's rule. The residual between calculated and observed gravity is minimized by weighted adjustments to the model velocity-depth gradient where the gradient is steepest and where seismic coverage is least. The adjustments are scaled by the sign and magnitude of the gravity residuals, and a smoothing step is performed to minimize vertical streaking. The adjusted model is then used as a starting model in the next seismic traveltime iteration. The process is repeated until one velocity model can simultaneously satisfy both the gravity anomaly and seismic traveltime observations within acceptable misfits. We test our algorithm with data gathered in the Puget Lowland of Washington state, USA (Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound [SHIPS] experiment). We perform resolution tests with synthetic traveltime and gravity observations calculated with a checkerboard velocity model using the SHIPS experiment geometry, and show that the addition of gravity significantly enhances resolution. We calculate a new velocity model for the region using SHIPS traveltimes and observed gravity, and show examples where correlation between surface geology and modeled subsurface velocity structure is enhanced.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206810109465061","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Blakely, R., and Brocher, T., 2001, A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography: International Geology Review, v. 43, no. 12, p. 1073-1086, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810109465061.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1086","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.68408203124999,\n              46.924007100770275\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47033691406249,\n              46.924007100770275\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47033691406249,\n              48.23199134320962\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.68408203124999,\n              48.23199134320962\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.68408203124999,\n              46.924007100770275\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58ae4b0c8380cd46de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023345,"text":"70023345 - 2001 - Biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake: Implications for diatom preservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70023345","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake: Implications for diatom preservation","docAbstract":"Diatom-salinity records from sediment cores have been used to construct climate records of saline-lake basins. In many cases, this has been done without thorough understanding of the preservation potential of the diatoms in the sediments through time. The purpose of this study was to determine the biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake and evaluate the potential effects of silica cycling on diatom preservation. During the period of record, 1867-1999, lake levels have fluctuated from 427 m above sea level in 1940 to 441.1 m above sea level in 1999. The biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake is dominated by internal cycling. During the early 1990s when lake levels were relatively high, about 94% of the biogenic silica (BSi) produced in Devils Lake was recycled in the water column before burial. About 42% of the BSi that was incorporated in bottom sediments was dissolved and diffused back into the lake, and the remaining 58% was buried. Therefore, the BSi accumulation rate was about 3% of the BSi assimilation rate. Generally, the results obtained from this study are similar to those obtained from studies of the biogeochemistry of silica in large oligotrophic lakes and the open ocean where most of the BSi produced is recycled in surface water. During the mid 1960s when lake levels were relatively low, BSi assimilation and water-column dissolution rates were much higher than when lake levels were high. The BSi assimilation rate was as much as three times higher during low lake levels. Even with the much higher BSi assimilation rate, the BSi accumulation rate was about three times lower because the BSi water-column dissolution rate was more than 99% of the BSi assimilation rate compared to 94% during high lake levels. Variations in the biogeochemistry of silica with lake level have important implications for paleolimnologic studies. Increased BSi water-column dissolution during decreasing lake levels may alter the diatom-salinity record by selectively removing the less resistant diatoms. Also, BSi accumulation may be proportional to the amount of silica input from tributary sources. Therefore, BSi accumulation chronologies from sediment cores may be effective records of tributary inflow.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1011143809891","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Lent, R., and Lyons, B., 2001, Biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake: Implications for diatom preservation: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 53-66, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011143809891.","startPage":"53","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207533,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011143809891"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f159e4b0c8380cd4abe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lent, R.M.","contributorId":80317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, B.","contributorId":63199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023519,"text":"70023519 - 2001 - Uncertainty in coal property valuation in West Virginia: A case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:17:29","indexId":"70023519","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty in coal property valuation in West Virginia: A case study","docAbstract":"Interpolated grids of coal bed thickness are being considered for use in a proposed method for taxation of coal in the state of West Virginia (United States). To assess the origin and magnitude of possible inaccuracies in calculated coal tonnage, we used conditional simulation to generate equiprobable realizations of net coal thickness for two coals on a 7 1/2 min topographic quadrangle, and a third coal in a second quadrangle. Coals differed in average thickness and proportion of original coal that had been removed by erosion; all three coals crop out in the study area. Coal tonnage was calculated for each realization and for each interpolated grid for actual and artificial property parcels, and differences were summarized as graphs of percent difference between tonnage calculated from the grid and average tonnage from simulations. Coal in individual parcels was considered minable for valuation purposes if average thickness in each parcel exceeded 30 inches. Results of this study show that over 75% of the parcels are classified correctly as minable or unminable based on interpolation grids of coal bed thickness. Although between 80 and 90% of the tonnages differ by less than 20% between interpolated values and simulated values, a nonlinear conditional bias might exist in estimation of coal tonnage from interpolated thickness, such that tonnage is underestimated where coal is thin, and overestimated where coal is thick. The largest percent differences occur for parcels that are small in area, although because of the small quantities of coal in question, bias is small on an absolute scale for these parcels. For a given parcel size, maximum apparent overestimation of coal tonnage occurs in parcels with an average coal bed thickness near the minable cutoff of 30 in. Conditional bias in tonnage for parcels having a coal thickness exceeding the cutoff by 10 in. or more is constant for two of the three coals studied, and increases slightly with average thickness for the third coal. ?? 2001 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1007535301969","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Hohn, M., and McDowell, R., 2001, Uncertainty in coal property valuation in West Virginia: A case study: Mathematical Geology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 191-216, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007535301969.","startPage":"191","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268641,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007535301969"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc24e4b08c986b328a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohn, M.E.","contributorId":98470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hohn","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDowell, R.R.","contributorId":9807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023618,"text":"70023618 - 2001 - Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023618","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis","docAbstract":"Orogenic gold deposits have formed over more than 3 billion years of Earth's history, episodically during the Middle Archean to younger Precambrian, and continuously throughout the Phanerozoic. This class of gold deposit is characteristically associated with deformed and metamorphosed mid-crustal blocks, particularly in spatial association with major crustal structures. A consistent spatial and temporal association with granitoids of a variety of compositions indicates that melts and fluids were both inherent products of thermal events during orogenesis. Including placer accumulations, which are commonly intimately associated with this mineral deposit type, recognized production and resources from economic Phanerozoic orogenic-gold deposits are estimated at just over one billion ounces gold. Exclusive of the still-controversial Witwatersrand ores, known Precambrian gold concentrations are about half this amount. The recent increased applicability of global paleo-reconstructions, coupled with improved geochronology from most of the world's major gold camps, allows for an improved understanding of the distribution pattern of orogenic gold in space and time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Groves, D., and Gardoll, S., 2001, Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 18, no. 1-2, p. 1-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6.","startPage":"1","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6"},{"id":232498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7124e4b0c8380cd7649d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardoll, S.","contributorId":94820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardoll","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023520,"text":"70023520 - 2001 - Strong motion instrumentation of an RC building structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023520","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1433,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong motion instrumentation of an RC building structure","docAbstract":"The strong-motion instrumentation scheme of a reinforced concrete building observed by California Strong-Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) is introduced in this paper. The instrumented building is also described and the recorded responses during 1994 Northridge earthquake are provided.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"10001301","usgsCitation":"Li, H., and Çelebi, M., 2001, Strong motion instrumentation of an RC building structure: Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, v. 21, no. 4, p. 35-39.","startPage":"35","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b8ae4b08c986b31cf61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, H.-J.","contributorId":28041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023617,"text":"70023617 - 2001 - Habitat evaluation using GIS a case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023617","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat evaluation using GIS a case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox","docAbstract":"Concern over the fate of plant and animal species throughout the world has accelerated over recent decades. Habitat loss is considered the main culprit in reducing many species' abundance and range, leading to numerous efforts to plan and manage habitat preservation. Our work uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data and modeling to define a spatially explicit analysis of habitat value, using the San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) of California (USA) as an example. Over the last 30 years, many field studies and surveys have enhanced our knowledge of the life history, behavior, and needs of the kit fox, which has been proposed as an umbrella or indicator species for grassland habitat in the San Joaquin Valley of California. There has yet been no attempt to convert much of this field knowledge into a model of spatial habitat value useful for planning purposes. This is a significant omission given the importance and visibility of the imperiled kit fox and increasing trends toward spatially explicit modeling and planning. In this paper we apply data from northern California to derive a small-cell GIS raster of habitat value for the kit fox that incorporates both intrinsic habitat quality and neighborhood context, as well the effects of barriers such as roads. Such a product is a useful basis for assessing the presence and amounts of good (and poor) quality habitat and for eventually constructing GIS representations of viable animal territories that could be included in future reserves. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5","issn":"01692046","usgsCitation":"Gerrard, R., Stine, P., Church, R., and Gilpin, M., 2001, Habitat evaluation using GIS a case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 52, no. 4, p. 239-255, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5.","startPage":"239","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5"},{"id":232497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f0ae4b0c8380cd5ca23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerrard, R.","contributorId":99737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerrard","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stine, P.","contributorId":26361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stine","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Church, R.","contributorId":95233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilpin, M.","contributorId":65965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilpin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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