{"pageNumber":"3153","pageRowStart":"78800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184883,"records":[{"id":70023531,"text":"70023531 - 2001 - A note on contact stress and closure in models of rock joints and faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023531","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on contact stress and closure in models of rock joints and faults","docAbstract":"We have re-examined asperity deformation predicted by joint closure models based on Greenwood and Williamson [1966] which use a statistical representation of loaded, rough surfaces. Although such models assume small elastic strains within contacting asperities (Hertzian contact) and well predict the observed dependence of closure on normal stress, large elastic normal strains measured in experiments violate the model assumptions. This inconsistency between observations and models can be resolved. The model dependence of closure on macroscopic normal stress results primarily from the statistics of the surface topography, and the functional dependence of closure on normal stress can be independent of assumed contact-scale elastic interactions. Thus, a joint model of the Greenwood and Williamson kind, modified to allow a portion of the elastic deformation to occur outside of the asperity contact region, predicts macroscopic behavior consistent with Hertzian models. Contact stresses derived from previously published models of this kind may be in error.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011458","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N., and Hickman, S., 2001, A note on contact stress and closure in models of rock joints and faults: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 4, p. 607-610, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011458.","startPage":"607","endPage":"610","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489780,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011458","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011458"},{"id":232370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c1e4b0c8380cd468d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, N.M. 0000-0002-3397-8481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":68894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, S.H. 0000-0003-2075-9615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":16027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023529,"text":"70023529 - 2001 - Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a population of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala): Implications for amphibian conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T14:51:51.73315","indexId":"70023529","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a population of southern leopard frogs (<i>Rana sphenocephala</i>): Implications for amphibian conservation","title":"Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a population of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala): Implications for amphibian conservation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Currently, conservation efforts are devoted to determining the extent and the causes of the decline of many amphibian species worldwide. Human impacts frequently degrade amphibian habitat and have been implicated in many declines. Because genetic variance is critical in determining the persistence of a species in a changing environment, we examined the amount of genetic variability present in a single population for tolerance to an environmental stressor. We examined the amount of genetic variability among full- and half-sib families in a single population of southern leopard frogs (</span><i>Rana sphenocephala</i><span>) with respect to their tolerance to lethal concentrations of the agricultural chemical, carbaryl. Analysis of time-to-death data indicated significant differences among full-sib families and suggests a large amount of variability present in the responses to this environmental stressor. Significant differences in responses among half-sib families indicated that there is additive genetic variance. These data suggest that this population may have the ability to adapt to environmental stressors. It is possible that declines of amphibian populations in the western United States may be attributed to low genetic variability resulting from limited migration among populations and small population sizes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0007:GVIITI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bridges, C., and Semlitsch, R.D., 2001, Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a population of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala): Implications for amphibian conservation: Copeia, v. 1, p. 7-13, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0007:GVIITI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Cole County","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River floodplain","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1505,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cole\",\"state\":\"MO\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.2206,38.6431],[-92.2027,38.6255],[-92.2021,38.6236],[-92.2038,38.609],[-92.2026,38.6036],[-92.1986,38.5997],[-92.1848,38.5904],[-92.1741,38.5841],[-92.1524,38.5742],[-92.1289,38.5659],[-92.1137,38.5621],[-92.0859,38.5586],[-92.0622,38.5574],[-92.029,38.5637],[-92.0128,38.568],[-92.0089,38.5704],[-92.0032,38.5606],[-92.0192,38.5584],[-92.0251,38.553],[-92.0285,38.5415],[-92.0252,38.5249],[-92.0252,38.5238],[-92.0226,38.5202],[-92.0197,38.5161],[-92.0168,38.5107],[-92.0127,38.5061],[-92.0103,38.5039],[-92.0092,38.5029],[-92.0095,38.502],[-92.0077,38.4992],[-92.0086,38.49],[-92.0148,38.4797],[-92.0273,38.4715],[-92.041,38.4669],[-92.0521,38.4662],[-92.0646,38.4668],[-92.0837,38.4642],[-92.096,38.4597],[-92.1041,38.4581],[-92.1141,38.4569],[-92.1224,38.459],[-92.1291,38.4617],[-92.1346,38.4667],[-92.138,38.4701],[-92.144,38.4734],[-92.1502,38.4746],[-92.1568,38.4743],[-92.1646,38.4716],[-92.168,38.4692],[-92.1688,38.4661],[-92.1639,38.4592],[-92.1622,38.4565],[-92.1624,38.4483],[-92.1605,38.4431],[-92.1517,38.4328],[-92.1481,38.431],[-92.1382,38.4279],[-92.1289,38.4226],[-92.1244,38.4192],[-92.1194,38.4154],[-92.1167,38.4115],[-92.1152,38.4085],[-92.1144,38.405],[-92.1144,38.4036],[-92.115,38.4014],[-92.1161,38.3986],[-92.1167,38.3968],[-92.1173,38.3959],[-92.1189,38.3932],[-92.124,38.3888],[-92.1343,38.384],[-92.1493,38.3787],[-92.1583,38.3767],[-92.1731,38.3781],[-92.1866,38.3757],[-92.1939,38.3684],[-92.1945,38.3427],[-92.2268,38.3432],[-92.2291,38.3364],[-92.2362,38.3301],[-92.2432,38.3269],[-92.252,38.3269],[-92.255,38.3274],[-92.2591,38.3287],[-92.2643,38.3306],[-92.269,38.3328],[-92.2714,38.3347],[-92.2743,38.3383],[-92.2772,38.3406],[-92.2802,38.3415],[-92.2843,38.3428],[-92.2872,38.3433],[-92.2901,38.3433],[-92.2936,38.3433],[-92.2978,38.3424],[-92.3013,38.3424],[-92.4075,38.3443],[-92.4038,38.4296],[-92.4931,38.4314],[-92.3928,38.7409],[-92.3912,38.7406],[-92.3876,38.7363],[-92.3653,38.7317],[-92.353,38.7256],[-92.3434,38.7149],[-92.3438,38.7031],[-92.3619,38.6915],[-92.3615,38.683],[-92.3481,38.6754],[-92.2926,38.6664],[-92.2759,38.6584],[-92.2594,38.6449],[-92.2433,38.6432],[-92.2257,38.6449],[-92.2206,38.6431]]]}}]}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a158de4b0c8380cd54e80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semlitsch, R. D.","contributorId":22522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023745,"text":"70023745 - 2001 - Formation and use of coal combustion residues from three types of power plants burning Illinois coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023745","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation and use of coal combustion residues from three types of power plants burning Illinois coals","docAbstract":"Coal, ash, and limestone samples from a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) plant, a pulverized coal combustion (PC) plant, and a cyclone (CYC) plant in Illinois were analyzed to determine the combustion behavior of mineral matter, and to propose beneficial uses for the power plant ashes. Pyrite and marcasite in coal were converted during combustion to glass, hematite and magnetite. Calcite was converted to lime and anhydrite. The clay minerals were altered to mullite and glass. Quartz was partially altered to glass. Trace elements in coal were partially mobilized during combustion and, as a result, emitted into the atmosphere or adsorbed on fly ash or on hardware on the cool side of the power plants. Overall, the mobilities of 15 trace elements investigated were lower at the FBC plant than at the other plants. Only F and Mn at the FBC plant, F, Hg, and Se at the PC plant and Be, F, Hg, and Se at the CYC plant had over 50% of their concentrations mobilized. Se and Ge could be commercially recovered from some of the combustion ashes. The FBC ashes could be used as acid neutralizing agents in agriculture and waste treatment, and to produce sulfate fertilizers, gypsum wall boards, concrete, and cement. The PC and CYC fly ashes can potentially be used in the production of cement, concrete, ceramics, and zeolites. The PC and CYC bottom ashes could be used in stabilized road bases, as frits in roof shingles, and perhaps in manufacturing amber glass. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fuel","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00028-X","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Demir, I., Hughes, R., and DeMaris, P., 2001, Formation and use of coal combustion residues from three types of power plants burning Illinois coals: Fuel, v. 80, no. 11, p. 1659-1673, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00028-X.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1673","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207567,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00028-X"},{"id":232625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a134ae4b0c8380cd545c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demir, I.","contributorId":93214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demir","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, R.E.","contributorId":84497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeMaris, P.J.","contributorId":56808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMaris","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023532,"text":"70023532 - 2001 - Price current-meter standard rating development by the U.S. geological survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023532","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Price current-meter standard rating development by the U.S. geological survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has developed new standard rating tables for use with Price type AA and pygmy current meters, which are employed to measure streamflow velocity. Current-meter calibration data, consisting of the rates of rotation of meters at several different constant water velocities, have shown that the original rating tables are no longer representative of the average responsiveness of newly purchased meters or meters in the field. The new rating tables are based on linear regression equations that are weighted to reflect the population mix of current meters in the field and weighted inversely to the variability of the data at each calibration velocity. For calibration velocities of 0.3 m/s and faster, at which most streamflow measurements are made, the new AA-rating predicts the true velocities within 1.5% and the new pygmy-meter rating within 2.0% for more than 95% of the meters. At calibration velocities, the new AA-meter rating is up to 1.4% different from the original rating, and the new pygmy-meter rating is up to 1.6% different.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:4(250)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, E., Schwarz, G., Thibodeaux, K., and Turcios, L., 2001, Price current-meter standard rating development by the U.S. geological survey: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 127, no. 4, p. 250-257, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:4(250).","startPage":"250","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:4(250)"},{"id":232371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b89e4b0c8380cd7e293","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, E. F.","contributorId":66666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thibodeaux, K.G.","contributorId":16440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thibodeaux","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turcios, L.M.","contributorId":6477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turcios","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022767,"text":"70022767 - 2001 - The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T16:51:39.806485","indexId":"70022767","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu<sub>3.38</sub>Fe<sub>0.62</sub>S<sub>4</sub>): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","title":"The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Gibbs free energy of formation of nukundamite (Cu</span><sub>3.38</sub><span>Fe</span><sub>0.62</sub><span>S</span><sub>4</sub><span>) was calculated from published experimental studies of the reaction 3.25 Cu</span><sub>3.38</sub><span>Fe</span><sub>0.62</sub><span>S</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;+ S</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;= 11 CuS + 2 FeS</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in order to correct an erroneous expression in the published record. The correct expression describing the Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ·mol</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) of nukundamite relative to the elements and ideal S</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;gas is Δ</span><sub>f</sub><span>G°</span><sub>nukundamite, T(K)</sub><span>&nbsp;= −549.75 + 0.23242 T + 3.1284 T</span><sup>0.5</sup><span>, with an uncertainty of 0.6%. An evaluation of the phase equilibria of nukundamite with associated phases in the system Cu–Fe–S as a function of temperature and sulfur fugacity indicates that nukundamite is stable from 224 to 501°C at high sulfidation states. At its greatest extent, at 434°C, the stability field of nukundamite is only 0.4 log&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><span>(S</span><sub>2</sub><span>) units wide, which explains its rarity. Equilibria between nukundamite and bornite, which limit the stability of both phases, involve bornite compositions that deviate significantly from stoichiometric Cu</span><sub>5</sub><span>FeS</span><sub>4</sub><span>. Under equilibrium conditions in the system Cu–Fe–S, nukundamite + chalcopyrite is not a stable assemblage at any temperature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","doi":"10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1635","usgsCitation":"Seal,, R., Inan, E.E., and Hemingway, B., 2001, The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1635-1640, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1635.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1635","endPage":"1640","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba757e4b08c986b3214f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inan, E. E.","contributorId":38332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, Bruce S.","contributorId":13689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruce S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023528,"text":"70023528 - 2001 - The use of outdoor freshwater pond microcosms. III. Responses of phytoplankton and periphyton to pyridaben","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023528","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of outdoor freshwater pond microcosms. III. Responses of phytoplankton and periphyton to pyridaben","docAbstract":"An outdoor freshwater microcosm study was conducted in which pyridaben, an insecticide-miticide, was directly applied to water to determine its biological effects on phytoplankton and periphyton. Twenty-four microcosms (24 m3 each) were monitored for 11 months, then four treatments of pyridaben were applied two times at three concentrations (0.34, 34.0 ??g/L), including an untreated control. The succession of algal groups observed and the major genera found in microcosms during the baseline phase of the study were typical of oligo-mesotrophic systems in Florida. Following application of pyridaben, the most remarkable effect was a positive correlation of phytoplankton abundance with pyridaben concentrations in water; indicating increased abundance as a result of exposure. Both Chlorophyta and Pyrrophyta exhibited a significant increase (p=0.05) in population abundance at 3.4 and 34.0 ??g/L pyridaben. Chrysophyta also elicited a trend of increased abundance at 34.0 ??g/L, although the effect was not significant. The effects on phytoplankton populations were associated with the decline of zooplankton populations as a result of a direct effect of pyridaben exposure. There were no effects of pyridaben on periphyton communities or on functional endpoints. ?? 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<96::AID-TOX110>3.0.CO;2-U","issn":"15204081","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., Krise, W.F., Redell, L.A., and Bennett, R.M., 2001, The use of outdoor freshwater pond microcosms. III. Responses of phytoplankton and periphyton to pyridaben: Environmental Toxicology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 96-103, https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<96::AID-TOX110>3.0.CO;2-U.","startPage":"96","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<96::AID-TOX110>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"id":232330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb193e4b08c986b325348","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, R. M.","contributorId":97852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023292,"text":"70023292 - 2001 - An inexpensive method for quantifying incubation patterns of open-cup nesting birds, with data for black-throated Blue warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:16:20.377928","indexId":"70023292","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An inexpensive method for quantifying incubation patterns of open-cup nesting birds, with data for black-throated Blue warblers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying incubation patterns has often involved long observation periods in the field, video cameras, or the use of other electronic devices that sometimes require the partial destruction of clutches and insertion of artificial eggs. In this study, we used an inexpensive, nondestructive method involving temperature probes combined with data loggers to examine the incubation rhythm of female Black-throated Blue Warblers (</span><i>Dendroica caerulescens</i><span>). The method provided detailed records of on&ndash;off patterns for females for selected 24-h periods during incubation. Female warblers spent an average (&plusmn;SE) of 64.0% of daylight hours incubating in bouts lasting 20.5 &plusmn; 1.5 min and made 2.4 &plusmn; 0.1 departures from the nest/h on trips that lasted 10.6 &plusmn; 0.7 min. Incubation bouts were longer and females spent more time incubating per hour in the mornings and late afternoons than at mid-day. Older females had longer incubation bouts and tended to have shorter incubation periods than did yearling females, suggesting that experienced individuals were more effective incubators. Because of its ease of use and because nests with probes were not depredated at a higher rate than controls, we suggest that the temperature probe/data logger method is an efficient and effective way to quantify incubation rhythms for open-cup nesting birds.</span></p>","language":"French, English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-72.3.369","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Joyce, E.M., Sillett, T., and Holmes, R.T., 2001, An inexpensive method for quantifying incubation patterns of open-cup nesting birds, with data for black-throated Blue warblers: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 72, no. 3, p. 369-379, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-72.3.369.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"379","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea7be4b0c8380cd488b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joyce, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":76094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sillett, T. Scott","contributorId":80788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sillett","given":"T. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Richard T.","contributorId":45269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023530,"text":"70023530 - 2001 - Spectroscopic evidence for ternary surface complexes in the lead(II)-malonic acid-hematite system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:43:35","indexId":"70023530","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2222,"text":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectroscopic evidence for ternary surface complexes in the lead(II)-malonic acid-hematite system","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p id=\"simple-para0005\">Using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements, we examined the sorption of Pb(II) to hematite in the presence of malonic acid. Pb L<sub>III</sub>-edge EXAFS measurements performed in the presence of malonate indicate the presence of both Fe and C neighbors, suggesting that a major fraction of surface-bound malonate is bonded to adsorbed Pb(II). In the absence of Pb(II), ATR-FTIR measurements of sorbed malonate suggest the formation of more than one malonate surface complex. The dissimilarity of the IR spectrum of malonate sorbed on hematite to those for aqueous malonate suggest at least one of the sorbed malonate species is directly coordinated to surface Fe atoms in an inner-sphere mode. In the presence of Pb, little change is seen in the IR spectrum for sorbed malonate, indicating that geometry of malonate as it coordinates to sorbed Pb(II) adions is similar to the geometry of malonate as it coordinates to Fe in the hematite surface. Fits of the raw EXAFS spectra collected from pH 4 to pH 8 result in average Pb–C distances of 2.98 to 3.14 Å, suggesting the presence of both four- and six-membered Pb–malonate rings. The IR results are consistent with this interpretation. Thus, our results suggest that malonate binds to sorbed Pb(II) adions, forming ternary metal-bridging surface complexes.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/jcis.2000.7345","issn":"00219797","usgsCitation":"Lenhart, J., Bargar, J., and Davis, J., 2001, Spectroscopic evidence for ternary surface complexes in the lead(II)-malonic acid-hematite system: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v. 234, no. 2, p. 448-452, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.7345.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"448","endPage":"452","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.7345"}],"volume":"234","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95b0e4b08c986b31b068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenhart, J.J.","contributorId":59585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenhart","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bargar, J.R.","contributorId":82466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023900,"text":"70023900 - 2001 - Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023900","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife","docAbstract":"Wildlife management is limited by uncontrolled and often unrecognized environmental variation, by limited capabilities to observe and control animal populations, and by a lack of understanding about the biological processes driving population dynamics. In this paper I describe a comprehensive framework for management that includes multiple models and likelihood values to account for structural uncertainty, along with stochastic factors to account for environmental variation, random sampling, and partial controllability. Adaptive optimization is developed in terms of the optimal control of incompletely understood populations, with the expected value of perfect information measuring the potential for improving control through learning. The framework for optimal adaptive control is generalized by including partial observability and non-adaptive, sample-based updating of model likelihoods. Passive adaptive management is derived as a special case of constrained adaptive optimization, representing a potentially efficient suboptimal alternative that nonetheless accounts for structural uncertainty.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1011395725123","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 2001, Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 8, no. 3, p. 269-288, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011395725123.","startPage":"269","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207181,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011395725123"},{"id":231895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc28e4b08c986b328a8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174726,"text":"70174726 - 2001 - Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T16:50:23","indexId":"70174726","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report","docAbstract":"<p>During the early 1990s (but echoing studies by S.T. Harding at the University of California, from as early as the 1930s), several lines of paleoclimate evidence in and around the Sierra Nevada Range have provided the water community in California with some real horror stories. By studying ancient tree stumps submerged in Lake Tahoe and Tenaya Lake, stumps that were emerging from Mono Lake during its recent decline, and stumps that were exhumed in the Walker River bed during the floods of 1997, paleoclimatologists like Scott Stine of California State University, Hayward, assembled a picture of epic droughts in the central Sierra Nevada during the medieval period. These droughts had to be severe to drop water levels in the lakes and rivers low enough for the trees to grow in the first place, and then had to last for hundreds of years to explain tree-ring counts in these sizeable stumps. Worse yet, the evidence suggested at least two such epic droughts, one ending close to 1100 and the other close to 1350. These epic droughts challenged paleoclimatologists, as well as modern climatologists and hydrologists, to understand and, ultimately, to determine the likelihood that such droughts might recur in the foreseeable future. The first challenge, however, was to verify that such droughts were more than local events and as extreme as suggested. At this year&rsquo;s Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, held March 18&ndash;21, 2001, at Asilomar (Pacific Grove, Calif.), special sessions brought together scientists to compare paleoclimatic reconstructions of ancient droughts and pluvial (wet) epidodes to try to determine the nature of decadal and centennial climate fluctuations in western North America, with emphasis on California. A companion session brought together modern climatologists to report on the latest explanations (and evidence) for decadal climate variations during the instrumental era of the 20th century. PACLIM is an annual workshop that, since 1983, has brought together specialists from diverse fields, including physical, social, and biological sciences, to discuss and investigate climate and climate effects in the eastern Pacific and western America. This year&rsquo;s PACLIM was sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, NOAA Office of Global Programs, California Department of Water Resources, and, for the first time, the CALFED Science Program. In addition to the presentations summarized here, sessions at this year&rsquo;s PACLIM covered topics as varied as the North American monsoon system; recent economic and political effects of California&rsquo;s climate variations, including a presentation on climate and CALFED by Sam Luoma (U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park); and research into daily-to-seasonal weather variations.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., 2001, Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 14, no. 3, p. 51-53.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/2001/IEPNewsletterSummer2001.pdf"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7b3e4b0d27deb386fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023960,"text":"70023960 - 2001 - Marine chemistry of the permian phosphoria formation and basin, Southeast Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023960","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine chemistry of the permian phosphoria formation and basin, Southeast Idaho","docAbstract":"Major components in the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation are apatite, dolomite, calcite, organic matter, and biogenic silica-a marine fraction; and aluminosilicate quartz debris-a terrigenous fraction. Samples from Enoch Valley, in southeast Idaho, have major element oxide abundances of Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, and TiO2 that closely approach the composition of the world shale average. Factor analysis further identifies the partitioning of several trace elements-Ba, Ga, Li, Sc, and Th and, at other sites in southeast Idaho and western Wyoming, B, Co, Cs, Hf, Rb, and Ta-totally into this fraction. Trace elements that fail to show such correlations or factor loadings include Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se, the rare earth elements (REE), U, V, and Zn. Their terrigenous contribution is determined from minimum values of trace elements versus the terrigenous fraction. These minima too define trace element concentrations in the terrigenous fraction that approximately equal their concentrations in the world shale average. The marine fraction of trace elements represents the difference between the bulk trace element content of a sample and the terrigenous contribution. Of the trace elements enriched above a terrigenous contribution, Ag, Cr, Cu, Mo, and Se show strong loadings on the factor with an organic matter loading and U and the REE on the factor with a strong apatite loading. Cd, Ni, V, and Zn do not show a strong correlation with any of the marine components but are, nonetheless, strongly enriched above a terrigenous contribution. Interelement relationships between the trace elements identify two seawater sources-planktonic debris and basinal bottom water. Relationships between Cd, Cu, Mo, Zn, and possibly Ni and Se suggest a solely biogenic source. Their accumulation rates, and that of PO3-4, further identify the level of primary productivity as having been moderate and the residence time of water in the basin at 4.5 yr. Enrichments of Cr, U, V, and the REE, above both terrigenous and biogenic contributions, define bottom-water redox conditions as having been oxygen depleted, that is, denitrifying but not sulfate reducing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/96.3.599","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., 2001, Marine chemistry of the permian phosphoria formation and basin, Southeast Idaho: Economic Geology, v. 96, no. 3, p. 599-620, https://doi.org/10.2113/96.3.599.","startPage":"599","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/96.3.599"},{"id":231555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51d1e4b0c8380cd6bf63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70142647,"text":"70142647 - 2001 - Cloud characterization and clear-sky correction from Landsat-7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:08:31","indexId":"70142647","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cloud characterization and clear-sky correction from Landsat-7","docAbstract":"<p><span>Landsat, with its wide swath and high resolution, fills an important mesoscale gap between atmospheric variations seen on a few kilometer scale by local surface instrumentation and the global view of coarser resolution satellites such as MODIS. In this important scale range, Landsat reveals radiative effects on the few hundred-meter scale of common photon mean-free-paths, typical of scattering in clouds at conservative (visible) wavelengths, and even shorter mean-free-paths of absorptive (near-infrared) wavelengths. Landsat also reveals shadowing effects caused by both cloud and vegetation that impact both cloudy and clear-sky radiances. As a result, Landsat has been useful in development of new cloud retrieval methods and new aerosol and surface retrievals that account for photon diffusion and shadowing effects. This paper discusses two new cloud retrieval methods: the nonlocal independent pixel approximation (NIPA) and the normalized difference nadir radiance method (NDNR). We illustrate the improvements in cloud property retrieval enabled by the new low gain settings of Landsat-7 and difficulties found at high gains. Then, we review the recently developed &ldquo;path radiance&rdquo; method of aerosol retrieval and clear-sky correction using data from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site in Oklahoma. Nearby clouds change the solar radiation incident on the surface and atmosphere due to indirect illumination from cloud sides. As a result, if clouds are nearby, this extra side-illumination causes clear pixels to appear brighter, which can be mistaken for extra aerosol or higher surface albedo. Thus, cloud properties must be known in order to derive accurate aerosol and surface properties. A three-dimensional (3D) Monte Carlo (MC) radiative transfer simulation illustrates this point and suggests a method to subtract the cloud effect from aerosol and surface retrievals. The main conclusion is that cloud, aerosol, and surface retrievals are linked and must be treated as a combined system. Landsat provides the range of scales necessary to observe the 3D cloud radiative effects that influence joint surface-atmospheric retrievals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00251-6","usgsCitation":"Cahalan, R.F., Oreopoulos, L., Wen, G., Marshak, S., Tsay, S.#., and DeFelice, T., 2001, Cloud characterization and clear-sky correction from Landsat-7: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 78, no. 1-2, p. 83-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00251-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec42ce4b02419550debae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahalan, Robert F.","contributorId":139616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahalan","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oreopoulos, L.","contributorId":139617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oreopoulos","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wen, G.","contributorId":139618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshak, S.","contributorId":34657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshak","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsay, S. #NAME?","contributorId":139619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsay","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeFelice, Tom","contributorId":9829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFelice","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1003757,"text":"1003757 - 2001 - Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from die-off in the 1970s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T19:03:01.13123","indexId":"1003757","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (<i>Bufo canorus</i>) from die-off in the 1970s","title":"Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from die-off in the 1970s","docAbstract":"<p>Twelve adult and 25 larval Yosemite toad (<i>Bufo canorus</i>) specimens from the eastern Sierra Nevada of California were examined histologically for evidence of infectious, toxicological, and degenerative diseases. The preserved toads were selected from 21 that had been salvaged or collected during a die-off in 1976-1979 that immediately preceded a population decline. Causes of death of four toads were determined histologically; clinical signs and field observations suggested causes of death of three more. Four toads died of infectious diseases, including chytridiomycosis of the skin (<i>N</i> = 1), bacillary septicemia (<i>N</i> = 2), and combined chytridiomycosis and bacterial septicemia (<i>N</i> = 1). Infections by a funguslike organism (<i>Dermosporidium penneri</i>), renal myxozoa (<i>Leptotheca ohlmacheri</i>), larval Rhabdias, various gastrointestinal nematodes, urinary bladder flukes, and lung flukes were detected in five specimens. No evidence of degenerative diseases, virus infections, or intoxications was found. The variety of lethal diseases and our inability to determine the causes of death of five specimens suggests that one or more histologically undetectable diseases or intoxications may have also contributed to the deaths and population decline.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1566028","usgsCitation":"Green, D.E., and Sherman, C.K., 2001, Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from die-off in the 1970s: Journal of Herpetology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 92-103, https://doi.org/10.2307/1566028.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park, Saddlebag Lake, Tioga Lake, Tioga Pass Meadow","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.26735731325776,\n              37.931408007978845\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.26735731325776,\n              37.8960877876888\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.24616984985877,\n              37.8960877876888\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.24616984985877,\n              37.931408007978845\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.26735731325776,\n              37.931408007978845\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.29775989588323,\n              37.98295533862667\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.29775989588323,\n              37.973289390262494\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.27468587752381,\n              37.973289390262494\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.27468587752381,\n              37.98295533862667\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.29775989588323,\n              37.98295533862667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dbbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, D. Earl david_green@usgs.gov","contributorId":75883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"david_green@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherman, Cynthia Kagarise","contributorId":15141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"Kagarise","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023564,"text":"70023564 - 2001 - Abundance, modes of occurrence, and removal of mercury in Illinois coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023564","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":611,"text":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance, modes of occurrence, and removal of mercury in Illinois coals","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05693772","usgsCitation":"Demir, I., 2001, Abundance, modes of occurrence, and removal of mercury in Illinois coals: ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints, v. 46, no. 1, p. 289-291.","startPage":"289","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e660e4b0c8380cd47396","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demir, I.","contributorId":93214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demir","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023570,"text":"70023570 - 2001 - Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: Effects of vegetation type and anthropogenic disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T16:28:49.899515","indexId":"70023570","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: Effects of vegetation type and anthropogenic disturbance","docAbstract":"The ability of alien plant species to invade a region depends not only on attributes of the plant, but on characteristics of the habitat being invaded. Here, we examine characteristics that may influence the success of alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, in western North Dakota, USA. The park consists of two geographically separate units with similar vegetation types and management history, which allowed us to examine the effects of native vegetation type, anthropogenic disturbance, and the separate park units on the invasion of native plant communities by alien plant species common to counties surrounding both park units. If matters of chance related to availability of propagules and transient establishment opportunities determine the success of invasion, park unit and anthropogenic disturbance should better explain the variation in alien plant frequency. If invasibility is more strongly related to biotic or physical characteristics of the native plant communities, models of alien plant occurrence should include vegetation type as an explanatory variable. We examined >1300 transects across all vegetation types in both units of the park. Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) indicated that the fully parameterized model, including the interaction among vegetation type, disturbance, and park unit, best described the distribution of both total number of alien plants per transect and frequency of alien plants on transects where they occurred. Although all vegetation types were invaded by alien plants, mesic communities had both greater numbers and higher frequencies of alien plants than did drier communities. A strong element of stochasticity, reflected in differences in frequencies of individual species between the two park units, suggests that prediction of risk of invasion will always involve uncertainty. In addition, despite well-documented associations between anthropogenic disturbance and alien plant invasion, five of the six most abundant alien species at Theodore Roosevelt National Park had distributions unrelated to disturbance. We recommend that vegetation type be explicitly taken into account when designing monitoring plans for alien species in natural areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0128:APIIMG]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Larson, D., Anderson, P., and Newton, W., 2001, Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: Effects of vegetation type and anthropogenic disturbance: Ecological Applications, v. 11, no. 1, p. 128-141, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0128:APIIMG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"141","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e963e4b0c8380cd48242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, P.J.","contributorId":83058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, W.","contributorId":47119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023338,"text":"70023338 - 2001 - Rotund versus skinny orogens: Well-nourished or malnourished gold?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:49:36.99949","indexId":"70023338","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rotund versus skinny orogens: Well-nourished or malnourished gold?","docAbstract":"Orogenic gold vein deposits require a particular conjunction of processes to form and be preserved, and their global distribution can be related to broad-scale, evolving tectonic processes throughout Earth history. A heterogeneous distribution of formation ages for these mineral deposits is marked by two major Precambrian peaks (2800-2555 Ma and 2100-1800 Ma), a singular lack of deposits for 1200 m.y. (1800-600 Ma), and relatively continuous formation since then (after 600 Ma). The older parts of the distribution relate to major episodes of continental growth, perhaps controlled by plume-influenced mantle overturn events, in the hotter early Earth (ca. 1800 Ma or earlier). This worldwide process allowed preservation of gold deposits in cratons, roughly equidimensional, large masses of buoyant continental crust. Evolution to a less episodic, more continuous, modern-style plate tectonic regime led to the accretion of volcano-sedimentary complexes as progressively younger linear orogenic belts sorrounding the margins of the more buoyant cratons. The susceptibility of these linear belts to uplift and erosion can explain the overall lack of orogenic gold deposits at 1800-600 Ma, their exposure in 600-50 Ma orogens, the increasing importance of placer deposits back through the Phanerozoic since ca. 100 Ma, and the absence of gold deposits in orogenic belts younger than ca. 50 Ma.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0539:RVSOWN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Groves, D., and Gardoll, S., 2001, Rotund versus skinny orogens: Well-nourished or malnourished gold?: Geology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 539-542, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0539:RVSOWN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"542","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaea1e4b0c8380cd87139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardoll, S.","contributorId":94820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardoll","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000980,"text":"1000980 - 2001 - Effects of nonlethal sea lamprey attack on the blood chemistry of lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T15:08:36.801742","indexId":"1000980","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nonlethal sea lamprey attack on the blood chemistry of lake trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>A laboratory study examined changes in the blood chemistry of field-caught and hatchery-reared lake trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>&nbsp;subjected to a nonlethal attack by sea lampreys&nbsp;</span><i>Petromyzon marinus.</i><span>&nbsp;We measured glucose, total protein, amylase, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase, calcium, magnesium, triglycerides, sodium, and potassium with a Kodak Ektachem DT60 Analyzer, Ektachem DTSC Module, and the DTE Module. Mean levels of total protein, AST, ALKP, hematocrit, calcium, magnesium, and sodium decreased significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 0.05), and mean levels of ALT and potassium increased significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 0.05) after sea lamprey feeding. Lake trout condition (</span><i>K</i><span>) and hematocrit levels also decreased significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 0.05) after the sea lamprey attack. Frequency distributions of eight lake trout blood chemistry variables and the hematocrit were significantly different before and after a sea lamprey attack. A second study that used hatchery lake trout broodstock measured changes in hematocrit before and after a sea lamprey attack.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0051:EONSLA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Edsall, C.C., and Swink, W.D., 2001, Effects of nonlethal sea lamprey attack on the blood chemistry of lake trout: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 13, no. 1, p. 51-55, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0051:EONSLA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Traverse City, Rogers City","otherGeospatial":"Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.7912380616377,\n              45.414198458095996\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7747514175481,\n              45.40479441927525\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.76238643448059,\n              45.405517862464876\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.75895171696165,\n              45.40985832704351\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.74727367739857,\n              45.402141714983514\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7366260530902,\n              45.40310634913769\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.73353480732348,\n              45.40937606967185\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.71601774797853,\n              45.411063952457965\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.70605706717394,\n              45.43155564705904\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.79776402492335,\n              45.47034894246863\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.85237603347085,\n              45.45179895628635\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.84859784419972,\n              45.43709918003273\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.83382855886988,\n              45.43300183859421\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.8290199543434,\n              45.42721685010369\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.81459414076517,\n              45.42022586458924\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7912380616377,\n              45.414198458095996\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.59757757162636,\n              44.75941074941977\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.58109092753676,\n              44.754532765625385\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.53300488227494,\n              44.738920450271934\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.49797076358435,\n              44.76477605597799\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.50209242460646,\n              44.789157533267684\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.47667551496828,\n              44.80280666378806\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.65596776944436,\n              44.82668487371464\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.64222889936993,\n              44.801344411368746\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.64841139090335,\n              44.77599281414058\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.64291584287305,\n              44.76672695300809\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.59757757162636,\n              44.75941074941977\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611b40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Carol Cotant","contributorId":78690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Cotant","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swink, William D.","contributorId":60586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swink","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023628,"text":"70023628 - 2001 - Experimentally induced pigment changes in small African 'Barbus' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Synonymy of 'Barbus' amphigramma and 'Barbus' taitensis with 'Barbus' paludinosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T15:56:08.032379","indexId":"70023628","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Experimentally induced pigment changes in small African <i>'Barbus'</i> (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Synonymy of <i>'Barbus' amphigramma</i> and <i>'Barbus' taitensis</i> with <i>'Barbus' paludinosus</i>","title":"Experimentally induced pigment changes in small African 'Barbus' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Synonymy of 'Barbus' amphigramma and 'Barbus' taitensis with 'Barbus' paludinosus","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pigmentation in fishes is known to be variable both among individuals of a species and within individuals over time. Use of pigment characters for taxonomic diagnoses must, therefore, be carefully considered. I present experimental evidence showing that pigment characters previously considered diagnostic for three small African ‘</span><i>Barbus</i><span>’ species may differ between living and preserved specimens and that lasting changes in these characters can be induced experimentally by placing fishes in a different, less turbid environment. Lateral line pigmentation and presence of a spot on the caudal peduncle showed significant changes that resulted in different species identifications before and after the experiment. These pigment patterns are thereby shown to be labile, nontrenchant characters having little or no diagnostic utility. ‘</span><i>Barbus</i><span>’&nbsp;</span><i>amphigramma</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Boulenger, 1903<span>, and ‘</span><i>Barbus</i><span>’&nbsp;</span><i>taitensis</i><span>&nbsp;Günther, 1894, are thus shown to be junior synonyms of ‘</span><i>Barbus</i><span>’&nbsp;</span><i>paludinosus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Peters, 1852<span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0243:EIPCIS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Farm, B.P., 2001, Experimentally induced pigment changes in small African 'Barbus' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Synonymy of 'Barbus' amphigramma and 'Barbus' taitensis with 'Barbus' paludinosus: Copeia, v. 1, p. 243-247, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0243:EIPCIS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"247","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Tanzania","otherGeospatial":"Serengeti National Park, Nyabogati River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              34.15374755859374,\n              -2.92384002864577\n            ],\n            [\n              35.38421630859375,\n              -2.92384002864577\n            ],\n            [\n              35.38421630859375,\n              -2.0869407308811065\n            ],\n            [\n              34.15374755859374,\n              -2.0869407308811065\n            ],\n            [\n              34.15374755859374,\n              -2.92384002864577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dfbe4b0c8380cd5325c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farm, Brian P.","contributorId":88512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farm","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001025,"text":"1001025 - 2001 - First finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T18:17:00.363635","indexId":"1001025","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"First finding of the amphipod <i>Echinogammarus ischnus</i> and the mussel <i>Dreissena bugensis</i> in Lake Michigan","title":"First finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first finding of the amphipod&nbsp;</span><i>Echinogammarus</i><span>&nbsp;ischnus and the mussel&nbsp;</span><i>Dreissena bugensis</i><span>&nbsp;in Lake Michigan is documented. These two species are widespread and abundant in the lower lakes, but had not yet been reported from Lake Michigan.&nbsp;</span><i>E. ischnus</i><span>&nbsp;is generally considered a warmwater form that is typically associated with hard substrates and&nbsp;</span><i>Dreissena</i><span>&nbsp;clusters in the nearshore zone. Along the eastern shoreline of Lake Michigan, this species was present at rocky, breakwall habitats along the entire north-south axis of the lake. Although not abundant, this species was also found at soft-bottomed sites as deep as 94 m in the southern basin. The finding of this species in deep offshore waters apparently extends the known habitat range for this species in the Great Lakes, but it is found in deep water areas within its native range (Caspian Sea).&nbsp;</span><i>D. bugensis</i><span>&nbsp;was not abundant, but was present in both the southern and northern portions of the lake. Individuals of up to 36 mm in length were collected, indicating that it had probably been present in the lake for 2 or more years. Also presented are depth-defined densities of&nbsp;</span><i>D. polymorpha</i><span>&nbsp;at 37 sites in the Straits of Mackinac in 1997, and densities at up to 55 sites in the southern basin in 1992/93 and 1998/99. Mean densities decreased with increased water depth in both regions. Maximum mean density in the Straits in 1997 was 13,700/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(≤ 10 m), and maximum density in the southern basin in 1999 was 2,100/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(≤ 30 m). Mean densities at the ≤ 30-m interval in the southern basin remained relatively unchanged between 1993 and 1999, but increased from 25/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;to 1,100/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;at the 31 to 50 m interval over the same time period.&nbsp;</span><i>D. polymorpha</i><span>&nbsp;was rare at sites &gt; 50 m. The presence of&nbsp;</span><i>E. ischnus</i><span>&nbsp;and the expected population expansion of&nbsp;</span><i>D. bugensis</i><span>&nbsp;will likely contribute to further foodweb changes in the lake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(01)70653-3","usgsCitation":"Nalepa, T., Schloesser, D.W., Pothoven, S.A., Hondorp, D.W., Fanslow, D.L., Tuchman, M.L., and Fleischer, G.W., 2001, First finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 27, no. 3, p. 384-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(01)70653-3.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"384","endPage":"391","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.51318326624651,\n              41.5938355962158\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.22537022363063,\n              41.58623006143185\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.89919474402821,\n              41.659378205759936\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.61650932837279,\n              41.79732046980783\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.44254907258482,\n              42.07231603728144\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.29033384877036,\n              42.30593369025766\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.17073660172282,\n              42.602743999557845\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.11637402178941,\n     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A.","contributorId":84716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pothoven","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hondorp, Darryl W. 0000-0002-5182-1963 dhondorp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5182-1963","contributorId":5376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hondorp","given":"Darryl","email":"dhondorp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fanslow, David L.","contributorId":57032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanslow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuchman, Marc L.","contributorId":6023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuchman","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleischer, Guy W.","contributorId":89478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70155995,"text":"70155995 - 2001 - Sky type discrimination using a ground-based sun photometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T16:07:27","indexId":"70155995","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":928,"text":"Atmospheric Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sky type discrimination using a ground-based sun photometer","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 2-year feasibility study was conducted at the USGS EROS Data Center, South Dakota (43.733&deg;N, 96.6167&deg;W) to assess whether a four-band, ground-based, sun photometer could be used to discriminate sky types. The results indicate that unique spectral signatures do exist between sunny skies (including clear and hazy skies) and cirrus, and cirrostratus, altocumulus or fair-weather cumulus, and thin stratocumulus or altostratus, and fog/fractostratus skies. There were insufficient data points to represent other cloud types at a statistically significant level.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00122-3","usgsCitation":"DeFelice, T.P., and Wylie, B.K., 2001, Sky type discrimination using a ground-based sun photometer: Atmospheric Research, v. 59-60, p. 313-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00122-3.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"329","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59-60","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe9d9ae4b0824b2d14f289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFelice, Thomas P.","contributorId":103831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFelice","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022773,"text":"70022773 - 2001 - Permeability reduction in granite under hydrothermal conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T18:40:09.353891","indexId":"70022773","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permeability reduction in granite under hydrothermal conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>The formation of impermeable fault seals between earthquake events is a feature of many models of earthquake generation, suggesting that earthquake recurrence may depend in part on the rate of permeability reduction of fault zone materials under hydrothermal conditions. In this study, permeability measurements were conducted on intact, fractured, and gouge-bearing Westerly granite at an effective pressure of 50 MPa and at temperatures from 150° to 500°C, simulating conditions in the earthquake-generating portions of fault zones. Pore fluids were cycled back and forth under a 2 MPa pressure differential for periods of up to 40 days. Permeability of the granite decreased with time&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><span>, following the exponential relation&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><span>=</span><i>c</i><span>(10</span><sup>−<i>rt</i></sup><span>). For intact samples run between 250° and 500°C the time constant for permeability decrease&nbsp;</span><i>r</i><span>&nbsp;was proportional to temperature and ranged between 0.001 and 0.1 days</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(i.e., between 0.4 and 40 decades year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;loss of permeability). Values of&nbsp;</span><i>r</i><span>&nbsp;for the lower-temperature experiments differed little from the 250°C runs. In contrast, prefractured samples showed higher rates of permeability decrease at a given temperature. The surfaces of the fractured samples showed evidence of dissolution and mineral growth that increased in abundance with both temperature and time. The experimentally grown mineral assemblages varied with temperature and were consistent with a rock-dominated hydrothermal system. As such mineral deposits progressively seal the fractured samples, their rates of permeability decrease approach the rates for intact rocks at the same temperature. These results place constraints on models of precipitation sealing and suggest that fault rocks may seal at a rate consistent with earthquake recurrence intervals of typical fault zones.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB000010","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Morrow, C., Moore, D., and Lockner, D., 2001, Permeability reduction in granite under hydrothermal conditions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B12, p. 30551-30560, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"30551","endPage":"30560","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.09636229503576,\n              40.89063338977229\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.74193056744747,\n              40.87267155928282\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.03806197806892,\n              38.97253445661306\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76435346473136,\n              37.36320210378459\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.22676482959784,\n              36.19804170185962\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9318421549558,\n              34.106452928120135\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0409855715942,\n              32.54537015113459\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.53040114973001,\n              32.79733481640308\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.19682366273418,\n              34.89737205322061\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.84707719023254,\n              37.929348792567325\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.09636229503576,\n              40.89063338977229\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76b3e4b0c8380cd78282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrow, C.A.","contributorId":99977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023078,"text":"70023078 - 2001 - Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:58:26.796846","indexId":"70023078","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil","docAbstract":"<p><span>Copahue volcano erupted altered rock debris, siliceous dust, pyroclastic sulfur, and rare juvenile fragments between 1992 and 1995, and magmatic eruptions occurred in July– October 2000. Prior to 2000, the Copahue crater lake, acid hot springs, and rivers carried acid brines with compositions that reflected close to congruent rock dissolution. The ratio between rock-forming elements and chloride in the central zone of the volcano-hydrothermal system has diminished over the past few years, reflecting increased water/rock ratios as a result of progressive rock dissolution. Magmatic activity in 2000 provided fresh rocks for the acid fluids, resulting in higher ratios between rock-forming elements and chloride in the fluids and enhanced Mg fluxes. The higher Mg fluxes started several weeks prior to the eruption. Model data on the crater lake and river element flux determinations indicate that Copahue volcano was hollowed out at a rate of about 20 000–25 000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/yr, but that void space was filled with about equal amounts of silica and liquid elemental sulfur. The extensive rock dissolution has weakened the internal volcanic structure, making flank collapse a volcanic hazard at Copahue.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1059:HEFFCA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Varekamp, J., Ouimette, A., Herman, S., Bermudez, A., and Delpino, D., 2001, Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil: Geology, v. 29, no. 11, p. 1059-1062, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1059:HEFFCA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1062","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Chile","otherGeospatial":"Copahue","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.1090087890625,\n              -37.90249051864098\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.916748046875,\n              -37.907366581454944\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.91194152832031,\n              -37.773428545820934\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.15570068359375,\n              -37.767458038229684\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.17218017578125,\n              -37.78048397870301\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.16119384765624,\n              -37.79350762410675\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.15570068359375,\n              -37.810868914072984\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.13853454589844,\n              -37.81846319511329\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.12686157226562,\n              -37.822802433527556\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.136474609375,\n              -37.834191720600415\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.15776062011719,\n              -37.838530034214045\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.16256713867188,\n              -37.846663684549135\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.19827270507812,\n              -37.85425428219824\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.20719909667969,\n              -37.877021386076336\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.17767333984375,\n              -37.898155969343314\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.14059448242188,\n              -37.87810535842237\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.11930847167969,\n              -37.89056989382213\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.1090087890625,\n              -37.90249051864098\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a379de4b0c8380cd61006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varekamp, J.C.","contributorId":56006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varekamp","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ouimette, A.P.","contributorId":99341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouimette","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herman, S.W.","contributorId":44712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bermudez, A.","contributorId":61991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bermudez","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delpino, D.","contributorId":87724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delpino","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016193,"text":"1016193 - 2001 - The influence of biological soil crusts on mineral uptake by associated vascular plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T16:31:15.662296","indexId":"1016193","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of biological soil crusts on mineral uptake by associated vascular plants","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soil surfaces dominated by cyanobacteria and cyanolichens (such as&nbsp;</span><i>Collema</i><span>&nbsp;sp.) are widespread in deserts of the world. The influence of these biological soil crusts on the uptake of bioessential elements is reported for the first time for six seed plants of the deserts of Utah. This sample almost doubles the number of species for which the influence of biological soil crusts on mineral uptake of associated vascular plants is known. These new case studies, and others previously published, demonstrate that cyanobacterial or cyanobacteria-&nbsp;</span><i>Collema</i><span>&nbsp;crusts significantly alter uptake by plants of many bioessential elements. In studies now available, these crusts always increase the N content of associated seed plants. Uptake of Cu, K, Mg, and Zn is usually (&gt;70% of reported cases) increased in the presence of the biological soil crusts. Soil crusts are generally negatively associated with Fe and P levels in associated seed plant tissue, while plant tissue levels of Ca, Mn, and Na are positively as often as negatively associated with the presence of soil crusts. Increases in bioessential elements in vascular plant tissue from biologically-crusted areas are greatest for short-lived herbs that are rooted primarily within the surface soil, the horizon most influenced by crustal organisms. The mineral content of a deeply rooted shrub (</span><i>Coleogyne ramosissima</i><span>) was less influenced by co-occurrence of biological soil crusts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/jare.2000.0713","usgsCitation":"Harper, K., and Belnap, J., 2001, The influence of biological soil crusts on mineral uptake by associated vascular plants: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 47, no. 3, p. 347-357, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0713.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"357","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.046551,41.251716],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-110.750727,40.996847],[-110.715026,40.996347],[-110.539819,40.996346],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-110.375714,40.994947],[-110.250709,40.996089],[-110.237848,40.995427],[-110.125709,40.99655],[-110.121639,40.997101],[-110.048476,40.997555],[-110.006495,40.997815],[-110.000708,40.997352],[-109.999838,40.99733],[-109.97553,40.997912],[-109.855299,40.997614],[-109.854302,40.997661],[-109.715409,40.998191],[-109.713877,40.998266],[-109.676421,40.998395],[-109.534926,40.998143],[-109.500694,40.999127],[-109.250735,41.001009],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-109.173682,41.000859],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.181196,36.999271],[-109.233848,36.999266],[-109.246917,36.999346],[-109.26339,36.999263],[-109.268213,36.999242],[-109.270097,36.999266],[-109.378039,36.999135],[-109.381226,36.999148],[-109.495338,36.999105],[-109.625668,36.998308],[-109.875673,36.998504],[-110.000677,36.997968],[-110.000876,36.998502],[-110.021778,36.998602],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.490908,37.003566],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-110.599512,37.003448],[-110.625605,37.003416],[-110.62569,37.003721],[-110.75069,37.003197],[-111.066496,37.002389],[-111.133718,37.000779],[-111.254853,37.001077],[-111.278286,37.000465],[-111.405517,37.001497],[-111.405869,37.001481],[-111.412784,37.001478],[-112.35769,37.001025],[-112.368946,37.001125],[-112.534545,37.000684],[-112.538593,37.000674],[-112.540368,37.000669],[-112.545094,37.000734],[-112.558974,37.000692],[-112.609787,37.000753],[-112.899366,37.000319],[-112.966471,37.000219],[-113.965907,36.999976],[-113.965907,37.000025],[-114.0506,37.000396],[-114.051749,37.088434],[-114.051822,37.090976],[-114.052827,37.103961],[-114.051867,37.134292],[-114.052179,37.14711],[-114.051673,37.172368],[-114.051405,37.233854],[-114.051974,37.283848],[-114.051974,37.284511],[-114.0518,37.293044],[-114.0518,37.293548],[-114.051927,37.370459],[-114.051927,37.370734],[-114.051765,37.418083],[-114.052448,37.43144],[-114.052701,37.492014],[-114.052685,37.502513],[-114.052718,37.517264],[-114.052689,37.517859],[-114.052962,37.592783],[-114.052472,37.604776],[-114.051728,37.745997],[-114.051785,37.746249],[-114.05167,37.746958],[-114.051109,37.756276],[-114.049919,37.765586],[-114.048473,37.809861],[-114.049677,37.823645],[-114.049928,37.852508],[-114.049658,37.881368],[-114.050423,37.999961],[-114.049903,38.148601],[-114.050138,38.24996],[-114.049417,38.2647],[-114.05012,38.404536],[-114.050091,38.404673],[-114.050485,38.499955],[-114.049834,38.543784],[-114.049862,38.547764],[-114.050154,38.57292],[-114.049883,38.677365],[-114.049749,38.72921],[-114.049168,38.749951],[-114.049465,38.874949],[-114.048521,38.876197],[-114.048054,38.878693],[-114.049104,39.005509],[-114.047079,39.499943],[-114.047728,39.542742],[-114.047273,39.759413],[-114.047783,39.79416],[-114.047214,39.821024],[-114.047134,39.906037],[-114.046555,39.996899],[-114.046835,40.030131],[-114.046386,40.097896],[-114.046741,40.104231],[-114.046683,40.116931],[-114.046153,40.231971],[-114.046178,40.398313],[-114.045826,40.424823],[-114.045218,40.430282],[-114.045518,40.494474],[-114.045577,40.495801],[-114.045281,40.506586],[-114.043505,40.726292]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 \"}}]}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f45c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harper, K.T.","contributorId":57811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023788,"text":"70023788 - 2001 - Grassland birds associated with agricultural riparian practices in southwestern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:25:32.885076","indexId":"70023788","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grassland birds associated with agricultural riparian practices in southwestern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Rotational grazing has been proposed as a Best Management Practice (BMP) for minimizing runoff in Wisconsin agricultural riparian areas. The influence of this land management practice on grassland birds has not been evaluated in relation to more traditional agricultural land management systems in Midwestern riparian areas. This study compared the grassland bird community in riparian areas in Wisconsin that were rotationally grazed to 2 common land use practices along streams in Wisconsin: continuously grazed pastures and rowcrop fields with 10-m-wide ungrazed buffer strips located along the stream. We calculated total number of birds, the Berger-Parker Index of Dominance, and number of birds ha-1 for each site. Vegetation variables used were height-density, litter depth, and percent bare ground. Bird species richness, species dominance, and density did not differ among land use types. In contrast, grassland bird species of management concern [Savannah Sparrow (<i>Passerculus sandwichensis</i> Gmelin), Eastern Meadowlark (<i>Sturnella magna</i> L.), and Bobolink (<i>Dolichonyx oryzivorus</i> L.)] were found on continuous and rotational pastures but very rarely or never occurred on buffer strips. Contrary to previous research, however, rotationally grazed pastures did not support more of these species than continuously grazed pastures. Bird density was related to vegetation structure, with higher densities found on sites with deeper litter. Within the pasture land use types, there were no consistent differences between species richness and density near the stream (&lt;10 m) and away (&gt;10 m).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/4003583","issn":"0022409X","usgsCitation":"Renfrew, R., and Ribic, C., 2001, Grassland birds associated with agricultural riparian practices in southwestern Wisconsin: Journal of Range Management, v. 54, no. 5, p. 546-552, https://doi.org/10.2307/4003583.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"546","endPage":"552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643589","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Driftless Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.16575857443152,\n              44.43684199315811\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.97899266246743,\n              44.338703898316936\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.90758152965512,\n              44.19709561205261\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.77574559215492,\n              44.12222036921074\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.60545584005668,\n              44.015654996716535\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.41319509786928,\n              43.960323483775056\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.27586599630685,\n              43.76625703858235\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.29234548849422,\n              43.67097361600477\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2538933400566,\n              43.464006462514334\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.22093435568188,\n              43.408163044071415\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.22093435568188,\n              43.34427889424853\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.15501638693179,\n              43.328297341034215\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.08360525411945,\n              43.25232752699745\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1934685353694,\n              43.136190672269066\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14952322286955,\n              42.91532417602218\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.10557791036905,\n              42.867029530650086\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.07811209005656,\n              42.75419497954971\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.99022146505688,\n              42.68558787126665\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.72105642599425,\n              42.620947183876154\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.66063162130705,\n              42.50766433935169\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.29832693380656,\n              42.49956483688837\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.29832693380656,\n              43.128173087541285\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.4081902150565,\n              43.47596620436465\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.50706716818199,\n              44.19709534748961\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.78721853536908,\n              44.43291961802271\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.15526052755652,\n              44.61307637535003\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.68260427755665,\n              44.81995752031699\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.95726248068216,\n              44.90561547615778\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.58348318380709,\n              44.90172469759921\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.05589529318158,\n              44.69123162466923\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.16575857443152,\n              44.43684199315811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29e6e4b0c8380cd5ad1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renfrew, R.B.","contributorId":104671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renfrew","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023901,"text":"70023901 - 2001 - Analysing the capabilities and limitations of tracer tests in stream-aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023901","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysing the capabilities and limitations of tracer tests in stream-aquifer systems","docAbstract":"The goal of this study was to identify the limitations that apply when we couple conservative-tracer injection with reactive solute sampling to identify the transport and reaction processes active in a stream. Our methodology applies Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis to assess the ability of the tracer approach to identify the governing transport and reaction processes for a wide range of stream-solute transport and reaction scenarios likely to be encountered in high-gradient streams. Our analyses identified dimensionless factors that define the capabilities and limitations of the tracer approach. These factors provide a framework for comparing and contrasting alternative tracer test designs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Wagner, B., and Harvey, J., 2001, Analysing the capabilities and limitations of tracer tests in stream-aquifer systems: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 269, p. 191-198.","startPage":"191","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"269","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf3e4b0c8380cd48b0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, B.J.","contributorId":18012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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