Aeolian dust (windblown silt and clay) is an important component in arid-land ecosystems because it may contribute to soil formation and furnish essential nutrients. Few geologic surfaces, however, have been characterized with respect to dust-accumulation history and resultant nutrient enrichment. We have developed a combination of methods to identify the presence of aeolian dust in arid regions and to evaluate the roles of this dust in ecosystem processes. Unconsolidated sandy sediment on isolated surfaces in the Canyonlands region of the Colorado Plateau differs greatly in mineralogical and chemical composition from associated bedrock, mainly aeolian sandstone. Detrital magnetite in the surficial deposits produces moderately high values of magnetic susceptibility, but magnetite is absent in nearby bedrock. A component of the surficial deposits must be aeolian to account for the abundance of magnetite, which formed originally in far-distant igneous rocks. Particle-size analysis suggests that the aeolian dust component is typically as much as 20–30%. Dust inputs have enriched the sediments in many elements, including P, Mg, Na, K, and Mo, as well as Ca, at sites where bedrock lacks calcite cement. Soil-surface biologic crusts are effective dust traps that apparently record a change in dust sources over the past several decades. Some of the recently fallen dust may result from human disturbance of land surfaces that are far from the Canyonlands, such as the Mojave Desert. Some land-use practices in the study area have the potential to deplete soil fertility by means of wind-erosion removal of aeolian silt.
Many studies have addressed the presence of aeolian dust in soils and surficial deposits in deserts to provide important geologic and ecologic information bearing on landscape dynamics (1–16). From this body of work, we have improved understanding about: (i) current and past sources and flux of dust, hence changing conditions of dust emission; (ii) the genesis of desert soils; (iii) the influences of aeolian silt and clay on water-infiltration rates in soil; (iv) the evolution of desert surfaces (such as desert pavement) relevant to surface stability, as well as the distribution of surface and subsurface water; and (v) interrelations among aeolian dust, distribution of plants and soil crust, rain-water runoff, and productivity. Nevertheless, we lack fundamental knowledge about the accumulation history of aeolian dust on most landscapes and about how to discriminate between contributions from parent material and aeolian dust to the biotic system.
Although many different methods provide clear evidence for aeolian input into soils (4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 17, 18), ecosystem studies would benefit from rapid assessment of aeolian components in soils. Here we demonstrate that magnetic methods, which characterize the type and distribution of iron oxide minerals, can be applied to detect the presence of aeolian dust in young surficial sediments and soils over large arid-land areas. The magnetic results, combined with geochemical and textural analyses, form a basis for understanding the influence of fine-grained aeolian inputs on soil fertility of the central Colorado Plateau, Utah.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.121094298","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Belnap, J., Lamothe, P., and Luiszer, F., 2001, Aeolian dust in Colorado Plateau soils: Nutrient inputs and recent change in source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 98, no. 13, p. 7123-7127, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.121094298.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"7123","endPage":"7127","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.121094298","text":"External Repository"},{"id":134444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Arches National Park, Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.09124755859375,\n 37.95502661288625\n ],\n [\n -109.44030761718749,\n 37.95502661288625\n ],\n [\n -109.44030761718749,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -110.09124755859375,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -110.09124755859375,\n 37.95502661288625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697b94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul","contributorId":18728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luiszer, Fred","contributorId":12436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luiszer","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1016562,"text":"1016562 - 2001 - Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program on duck recruitment in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:17:51","indexId":"1016562","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program on duck recruitment in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) resulted in the conversion of about 1.9 million ha of cropland to perennial grass cover in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, South Dakota, and northeastern Montana by 1992. Many wildlife managers believed this cover would provide benefits to wildlife, including upland nesting ducks. During 1992-1995, we evaluated success of 5 duck species nesting in CRP fields and nearby Waterfowl Production Areas (WPA) throughout the region. We examined relationships between daily survival rates (DSR) of duck nests in CRP cover and landscape-level habitat and population parameters. We computed DSR of duck nests in other major cover types in our study area from data collected during 1980-1984 (pre-CRP) and 1990-1994 (CRP) periods. We then applied recruitment models to estimate duck production in our study area during peak CRP years (1992-1997) and compared these results with those that simulated the scenario in which cropland was in place of CRP cover (i.e., the CRP had not occurred). DSR were higher in all habitats combined during the CRP period compared to the pre-CRP period. Regressions of DSR in CRP cover on the percent of each study plot in perennial cover and geographic location were significant (P < 0.01) for 4 of 5 duck (Anas spp.) species. Estimated nest success and recruitment rates for the 5 species combined during 1992-1997 were 46% and 30% higher, respectively, with CRP cover on the landscape compared to a scenario where we simulated cropland in place of CRP. Our model estimated an additional 12.4 million recruits from our study area to the fall flight as a consequence of the CRP during 1992-1997. Our results document benefits to 5 duck species in the northern plains associated with a farm program that provided financial incentives to landowners for planting undisturbed grass cover as an alternative to annual crops.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803027","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.E., Shaffer, T.L., Renner, R.W., Newton, W.E., and Batt, B.D., 2001, Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program on duck recruitment in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 4, p. 765-780, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803027.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"780","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f8621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Ronald E.","contributorId":174572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renner, Randy W.","contributorId":174573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renner","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batt, Bruce D.J.","contributorId":113404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batt","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023071,"text":"70023071 - 2001 - Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023071","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), developed a computer program to provide a general framework needed to couple disparate environmental resource models and to manage the necessary data. The Object-User Interface (OUI) is a map-based interface for models and modeling data. It provides a common interface to run hydrologic models and acquire, browse, organize, and select spatial and temporal data. One application is to assist river managers in utilizing streamflow forecasts generated with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System running in the Modular Modeling System (MMS), a distributed-parameter watershed model, and the National Weather Service Extended Streamflow Prediction (ESP) methodology.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"69th Annual Meeting Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"16 April 2001 through 19 April 2001","conferenceLocation":"Sun Valley, ID","language":"English","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Jeton, A., 2001, Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface, in Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Sun Valley, ID, 16 April 2001 through 19 April 2001, p. 85-91.","startPage":"85","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9aeee4b08c986b31cbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeton, A.E.","contributorId":61841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023694,"text":"70023694 - 2001 - Supply-limited horizontal sand drift at an ephemerally crusted, unvegetated saline playa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-30T17:56:28.833124","indexId":"70023694","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supply-limited horizontal sand drift at an ephemerally crusted, unvegetated saline playa","docAbstract":"A site at Owens Dry Lake was observed for more than 4 years. The site was a vegetation-free saline playa where the surface formed “ephemeral crusts,” crusts that form after rainfall. Sometimes these crusts were destroyed and often a layer of particles on the crust would engage in vigorous aeolian activity. Three “phases” of active sand drifting are defined as almost no movement (extreme supply limitation), loose particles on crust with some degree of sand drift (moderate supply limitation), and unlimited source movement corresponding to a destroyed surface crust (unlimited supply). These “phases” occurred 45, 49, and 6% of the time, respectively. The accumulation of loose particles on the crust was mostly the result of in situ formation. Crusted sediments with loose particles on top can exhibit mass flux rates about the same as for noncrusted sediments. Crusted sediments limit or eliminate sand drift in two conditions: for rough crusts that effect a sufficiently high threshold friction velocity (above the wind friction velocity) and for limited amounts of loose particles on the crust where particle supply is less than would be transported in normal saltation for a thick sandy surface. These “supply-limited” cases are similar to wind erosion of limited spilled material on a hard concrete surface. We quantified “supply limitation” by defining a “potential” or “supply unlimited” sand drift function Q = AG where A represents supply limitation that decreases as the particle source is depleted. Here Q is the mass of sand transported through a surface perpendicular to the ground and to the wind and having unit width during time period t, and G = ∫ u*(u2* − u2*t) dt for u* > u*t. G is integrated for the same time period t as for Q, u* is the friction velocity of the wind, and u*t is the threshold friction velocity of the wind. Hard crusts (usually formed in the summer) tended to show almost no change of threshold friction velocity with time and often gave total protection from wind erosion. Rough crusts provided sufficient protection expressed as high threshold friction velocities. For these high threshold friction velocities, aeolian activity was greatly reduced or practically prevented. The softest crusts, usually formed in the winter, provided much less protection and sometimes were destroyed by the wind. Following this destruction the “potential” or “supply unlimited” sand drift would be observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JD900324","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gillette, D.A., Niemeyer, T., and Helm, P.J., 2001, Supply-limited horizontal sand drift at an ephemerally crusted, unvegetated saline playa: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 106, no. D16, p. 18085-18098, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900324.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"18085","endPage":"18098","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Dry Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.00645230814385,\n 36.28068304808269\n ],\n [\n -117.9762399058002,\n 36.309460991230694\n ],\n [\n -117.95976041361254,\n 36.32052660394291\n ],\n [\n -117.94053433939388,\n 36.32550561719327\n ],\n [\n -117.82311795755803,\n 36.42888645114458\n ],\n [\n -117.86019681497984,\n 36.48245765831453\n ],\n [\n -117.89384244486257,\n 36.51226476727186\n ],\n [\n -117.90688870951114,\n 36.52826755298044\n ],\n [\n -117.92405484720624,\n 36.535991851077725\n ],\n [\n -117.93504117533124,\n 36.54426702863137\n ],\n [\n -117.99546598001885,\n 36.57570462491685\n ],\n [\n -118.00782559915936,\n 36.57625604750936\n ],\n [\n -118.02567838236251,\n 36.57791029165797\n ],\n [\n -118.03666471048751,\n 36.58066728648009\n ],\n [\n -118.05795072122974,\n 36.57956450036521\n ],\n [\n -118.05863736673751,\n 36.57460176791942\n ],\n [\n -118.05383084818291,\n 36.567984295165985\n ],\n [\n -118.04490445658118,\n 36.52826755298044\n ],\n [\n -118.03254483744068,\n 36.50619387933419\n ],\n [\n -118.03666471048751,\n 36.46644540211088\n ],\n [\n -118.035291419472,\n 36.452639077996\n ],\n [\n -118.035291419472,\n 36.44048747956731\n ],\n [\n -118.02430509134702,\n 36.39352024270403\n ],\n [\n -118.02293180033118,\n 36.35426702011024\n ],\n [\n -118.02155850931568,\n 36.337675199236045\n ],\n [\n -118.02842496439384,\n 36.31831360706056\n ],\n [\n -118.01881192728435,\n 36.29230618762864\n ],\n [\n -118.00645230814385,\n 36.28068304808269\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"D16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f7be4b08c986b31e5f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillette, Dale A.","contributorId":14126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niemeyer, T.C.","contributorId":82468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niemeyer","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helm, P. J.","contributorId":72813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helm","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016039,"text":"1016039 - 2001 - Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:48:44.136466","indexId":"1016039","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","title":"Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","docAbstract":"We examined genetic variation, population structure, and definition of conservation units in Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis). Spotted Owls are mostly non-migratory, long-lived, socially monogamous birds that have decreased population viability due to their occupation of highly-fragmented late successional forests in western North America. To investigate potential effects of habitat fragmentation on population structure, we used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to examine genetic variation hierarchically among local breeding areas, subregional groups, regional groups, and subspecies via sampling of 21 breeding areas (276individuals) among the three subspecies of Spotted Owls. Data from 11 variable bands suggest a significant relationship between geographic distance among local breeding groups and genetic distance (Mantel r = 0.53, P< 0.02) although multi-dimensional scaling of three significant axes did not identify significant grouping at any hierarchical level. Similarly, neighbor-joining clustering of Manhattan distances indicated geographic structure at all levels and identified Mexican Spotted Owls as a distinct clade. RAPD analyses did not clearly differentiate Northern Spotted Owls from California Spotted Owls. Among Northern Spotted Owls, estimates of population differentiation (FST) ranged from 0.27 among breeding areas to 0.11 among regions. Concordantly, within-group agreement values estimated via multi-response permutation procedures of Jaccard's distances ranged from0.22 among local sites to 0.11 among regions. Pairwise comparisons of FST and geographic distance within regions suggested only the Klamath region was in equilibrium with respect to gene flow and genetic drift. Merging nuclear data with recent mitochondrial data provides support for designation of an Evolutionary Significant Unit for Mexican Spotted Owls and two overlapping Management Units for Northern and California Spotted Owls.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1011561101460","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., Wagner, R., Forsman, E., and Mullins, T., 2001, Geographic variation and genetic structure in Spotted Owls: Conservation Genetics, v. 2, no. 1, p. 25-40, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011561101460.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 27.293689224852407\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -109.248046875,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -108.19335937499999,\n 24.926294766395593\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 24.126701958681668\n ],\n [\n -105.732421875,\n 21.37124437061831\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 20.138470312451155\n ],\n [\n -104.67773437499999,\n 18.396230138028827\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 16.04581345375217\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 22.67484735118852\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 27.059125784374068\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -95.712890625,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -99.755859375,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -99.84374999999999,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -102.83203125,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -102.83203125,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -101.865234375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -101.865234375,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -103.798828125,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -119.17968749999999,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 51.34433866059924\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 51.6180165487737\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 51.39920565355378\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 50.45750402042058\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -125.15625000000001,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 43.197167282501276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a903f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, R.S.","contributorId":57427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D.","contributorId":12819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016191,"text":"1016191 - 2001 - Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T16:37:54.687018","indexId":"1016191","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1167,"text":"Canadian Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington","title":"Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington","docAbstract":"Genetic and morphological diversity of Phyllodoce empetriformis (Sw.) D. Don and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (hook.) Cov. were surveyed in Mount Rainier National Park in the Cascade Mountains of Washington State. Paired populations at high and low elevations were sampled at three study areas between 1720- and 2451-m elevation. Allozyme analysis of four polymorphic loci indicates high levels of genetic diversity within populations (P. empetriformis = 94.2% and P. glanduliflora = 93.4% of total diversity) and significant differences in allele frequencies among populations and study areas. Individual populations are composed of multiple clones with high ratios of local to widespread genotypes. The proportion of distinguishable clones ranges from 32 to 83% within individual populations. Within individual populations, 18-67% of genotypes were restricted to one population. Patterns of morphologic variation, estimated through measurements of leaf width, leaf length, stem extension, and plant height paralleled those displayed by allozyme analysis. Significant differences were found in leaf width and stem length for P. empetriformis and among greenhouse populations for leaf width (P. empetriformis) and leaf length (P. glanduliflora). Species conservation strategies for Phyllodoce should concentrate on the maintenance of within-population levels of diversity, protection of adjacent populations, and protection of safe sites for recruitment of new populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/b00-147","usgsCitation":"Rochefort, R.M., and Peterson, D.L., 2001, Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 79, no. 2, p. 179-191, https://doi.org/10.1139/b00-147.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.92352294921874,\n 46.702202151643455\n ],\n [\n -121.4483642578125,\n 46.702202151643455\n ],\n [\n -121.4483642578125,\n 47.00460694243501\n ],\n [\n -121.92352294921874,\n 47.00460694243501\n ],\n [\n -121.92352294921874,\n 46.702202151643455\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rochefort, Regina M.","contributorId":91459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochefort","given":"Regina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016194,"text":"1016194 - 2001 - Unusual bacterioplankton community structure in ultra-oligotrophic Crater Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:49","indexId":"1016194","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual bacterioplankton community structure in ultra-oligotrophic Crater Lake","docAbstract":"The bacterioplankton assemblage in Crater Lake, Oregon (U.S.A.), is different from communities found in other oxygenated lakes, as demonstrated by four small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene clone libraries and oligonucleotide probe hybridization to RNA from lake water. Populations in the euphotic zone of this deep (589 m), oligotrophic caldera lake are dominated by two phylogenetic clusters of currently uncultivated bacteria: CL120-10, a newly identified cluster in the verrucomicrobiales, and ACK4 actinomycetes, known as a minor constituent of bacterioplankton in other lakes. Deep-water populations at 300 and 500 m are dominated by a different pair of uncultivated taxa: CL500-11, a novel cluster in the green nonsulfur bacteria, and group I marine crenarchaeota. b-Proteobacteria, dominant in most other freshwater environments, are relatively rare in Crater Lake (<=16% of nonchloroplast bacterial rRNA at all depths). Other taxa identified in Crater Lake libraries include a newly identified candidate bacterial division, ABY1, and a newly identified subcluster, CL0-1, within candidate division OP10. Probe analyses confirmed vertical stratification of several microbial groups, similar to patterns observed in open-ocean systems. Additional similarities between Crater Lake and ocean microbial populations include aphotic zone dominance of group I marine crenarchaeota and green nonsulfur bacteria. Comparison of Crater Lake to other lakes studied by rRNA methods suggests that selective factors structuring Crater Lake bacterioplankton populations may include low concentrations of available trace metals and dissolved organic matter, chemistry of infiltrating hydrothermal waters, and irradiation by high levels of ultraviolet light.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Urbach, E., Vergin, K.L., and Morse, A., 2001, Unusual bacterioplankton community structure in ultra-oligotrophic Crater Lake: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 46, no. 3, p. 557-572.","productDescription":"p. 557-572","startPage":"557","endPage":"572","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Urbach, Ena","contributorId":93018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbach","given":"Ena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vergin, Kevin L.","contributorId":11186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergin","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morse, Ariel","contributorId":106853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Ariel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016599,"text":"1016599 - 2001 - [Book review] Wetlands for the future: contributions from INTECOL's V International Wetlands Confernce, edited by A. J. McComb and J. A. Davis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T10:06:10","indexId":"1016599","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3323,"text":"SIL News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Wetlands for the future: contributions from INTECOL's V International Wetlands Confernce, edited by A. J. McComb and J. A. Davis","docAbstract":"Review of: Wetlands for the Future: Contributions from INTECOL’s V International Wetlands Conference. Edited by A.J. McComb and J.A. Davis. 780 pp., 1998. Gleneagles Publishing, PO Box 41, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Adelaide, Australia. ISBN: 1 87553 04 5. AUS $90.00.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SIL News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Society of Limnology","publisherLocation":"http://www.limnology.org","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N., 2001, [Book review] Wetlands for the future: contributions from INTECOL's V International Wetlands Confernce, edited by A. J. McComb and J. A. Davis: SIL News, v. 33, p. 17-17.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.limnology.org/news/silnews33.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e499c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2002786,"text":"2002786 - 2001 - Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Aerial surveys, foraging observations, and intertidal clam sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:36:26","indexId":"2002786","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":396,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Aerial surveys, foraging observations, and intertidal clam sampling","docAbstract":"Following translocations to the outer coast of Southeast Alaska in 1965, sea otters have been expanding their range and increasing in abundance. We began conducting surveys for sea otters in Cross Sound, Icy Strait and Glacier Bay, Alaska in 1994, following initial reports of their presence in Glacier Bay in 1993. Since 1995, the number of sea otters in Glacier Bay proper has increased from about 5 to more than 500. Between 1993 and 1997 sea otters were apparently only occasional visitors to Glacier Bay, but in 1998 long-term residence was established as indicated by the presence of adult females and their dependent pups. Sea otter distribution is limited to the Lower Bay, south of Sandy Cove, and is not continuous within that area. Concentration occur in the vicinity of Sita Reef and Boulder Island and between Pt. Carolus and Rush Pt. on the west side of the Bay (Figure 1). We describe the diet of sea otters in Glacier Bay and south Icy Strait through visual observations of prey during >4,000 successful forage dives. In 2,399 successful foraging dives observed in Glacier Bay proper, diet consisted of 40% clam, 21% urchins, 18% mussel, 4% crab, 5% other and 12% unidentified. Most prey recovered by sea otters are commercially, socially, or ecological important species. Species of clam are primarily Saxidomus gigantea, Protothaca staminea, and Serripes groenlandicus. Urchins are primarily Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis while both mussles, Modiolus modiolus and Mytilus trossulus, are taken. Crabs include species of Cancer, Chinoecetes, Paralithodes, and Telmessus. Although we characterize diet at broad geographic scales, we found diet to vary between sites separated by as little as several hundred meters. Dietary variation among and within sites can reflect differences in prey availability and individual choice.
We estimated species composition, density, biomass, and sizes of intertidal clams at 59 sites in Glacier Bay, 14 sites in Idaho Inlet, 12 sites in Port Althorp and 2 sites in Dundas Bay. There is no direct evidence of otter foraging at any of our clam sampling sites except at Port Althorp where sea otters have been present for >20 years and regularly forage intertidally. There is some indication of intertidal foraging in Idaho Inlet, based on reduced mean size of preferred clam species. Sea otters have been present in Idaho Inlet for at least 12 years. We sampled 48 systematically selected sites to allow inference throughout Glacier Bay intertidal areas and 12 preferred habitat intertidal sites to estimate maximum clam densities in the Bay. We also sampled 14 and 12 random sites in Idaho Inlet and Port Althorp, respectively, to provide contrast between sites with and without sea otters. Densities and biomass of intertidal clams were greater in the Lower Bay than either the East or West Arms. Mean densities (#/0.25m2) of all species of clams > 10.0 mm total length were 96.5 at preferred sites, 32.8 in the Lower Bay, 12.2 in the East Arm, 6.6 in the West Arm, 11.32 at Port Althorp and 27.1 at Idaho Inlet. Clam densities were lower in the Upper Arms of Glacier Bay, compared to the Lower Bay and were similar to densities at Port Althorp. In the Lower Bay, clam densities were nearly twice as high at preferred clam sites compared to those systematically sampled. Species of Macoma were the numerically dominant intertidal clam at most sites in Glacier Bay, while Protothaca staminea was dominant at Idaho Inlet and Port Althorp. Biomas (g/0.25m2) was higher in the Lower Bay (23.5) than either Arm (2.1 and .91) and higher at preferred sites (73.4) than systematically selected sites in Glacier Bay. Biomass estimates at Port Althorp were 5.2 and 9.7 at Idaho Inlet. Biomass estimates were dominated by species of Saxidomus, Protothaca and Mya in Glacier Bay and by Protothaca and Saxidomus at Idaho Inlet and Port Althrop. We suspect differences in density and biomass relate to habitat differences between areas within Glacier Bay
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., and DeGroot, J., 2001, Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Aerial surveys, foraging observations, and intertidal clam sampling: Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc593","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGroot, J.D.","contributorId":98844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGroot","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":2002779,"text":"2002779 - 2001 - Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:37:17","indexId":"2002779","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":396,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Coletti, H., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., and Ballachey, B.E., 2001, Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coletti, H.A.","contributorId":33426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1003745,"text":"1003745 - 2001 - Searching for biological specimens from midwestern parks: Pitfalls and solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-05T14:37:26.670771","indexId":"1003745","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Searching for biological specimens from midwestern parks: Pitfalls and solutions","docAbstract":"This paper describes the results of searches of herbarium and museum collections and databases for records of vertebrate and vascular plant specimens that had been collected in 15 midwestern National Park System units. The records of these specimens were previously unknown to the National Park Service (NPS). In the course of our searches, numerous obstacles were encountered that prevented us from fully completing our task. These ranged from difficulties with the way databases are structured, to poor record-keeping, to incomplete or incorrect information on the actual location of specimens within collections. Despite these problems, we are convinced that the information to be gained from such searches in invaluable, and we believe that our experience, and the recommendations we offer, may well prove instructive to others undertaking this kind of work.
","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., 2001, Searching for biological specimens from midwestern parks: Pitfalls and solutions: The George Wright Forum, v. 18, no. 2, p. 26-39.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14985,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43597744","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":129980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -94.130859375,\n 33.50475906922606\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -102.10693359375,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -102.12890625,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 40.96330795307351\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -98.50341796875,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 45.29034662473615\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -96.78955078125,\n 46.2102496001872\n ],\n [\n -97.40478515625,\n 49.05227025601607\n ],\n [\n -95.38330078125,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 49.468124067331644\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 49.439556958940855\n ],\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 48.821332549646634\n ],\n [\n -92.900390625,\n 48.705462895790575\n ],\n [\n -91.42822265625,\n 48.23930899024905\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 48.04870994288686\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 47.98992166741417\n ],\n [\n -91.97753906249999,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -92.21923828124999,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -92.59277343749999,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -92.52685546875,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -92.57080078125,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 42.76314586689494\n ],\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 39.402244340292775\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -90.19775390625,\n 38.34165619279593\n ],\n [\n -89.31884765624999,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -89.23095703125,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 36.89719446989036\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -89.31884765624999,\n 36.36822190085111\n ],\n [\n -89.58251953125,\n 35.85343961959182\n ],\n [\n -89.89013671875,\n 35.191766965947394\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 34.687427949314845\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 32.95336814579932\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -87.275390625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -83.43017578125,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -80.48583984375,\n 42.114523952464246\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 40.53050177574321\n ],\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 39.38526381099777\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 39.095962936305504\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -82.59521484375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -83.03466796874999,\n 38.548165423046584\n ],\n [\n -84.04541015625,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -85.40771484375,\n 38.324420427006515\n ],\n [\n -86.15478515625,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -88.00048828124999,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 38.42777351132905\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 41.78769700539063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f823d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J. P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001890,"text":"1001890 - 2001 - Early post-fire succession in California chaparral: Changes in diversity, density, cover, and biomass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T18:11:42.822222","indexId":"1001890","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1461,"text":"Ecological Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early post-fire succession in California chaparral: Changes in diversity, density, cover, and biomass","docAbstract":"For four consecutive years, following the fires in November 1993, temporal variations in species richness, cover and biomass of component plant groups in early post-fire chaparral succession were monitored on different aspects at the Stunt Ranch Santa Monica Mountains Reserve, southern California. Plant groups were categorized based on growth form, life form, ability to fix nitrogen, geographic origin and regeneration strategies. North-facing slopes exhibited higher species richness, higher species turnover rate over time and faster vegetation recovery in terms of biomass accumulation and return to pre-fire species composition. This was probably due to higher species richness and biomass of nitrogen-fixing species found on north-facing slopes in comparison to south-facing slopes. On both north- and south-facing slopes, annuals had the highest species turnover rate, followed by herbaceous perennials and shrubs. In the first four post-fire years, annual species were the largest floristic group, but herbaceous perennials and shrubs were the major contributors to community biomass. Nitrogen-fixing species and exotics contributed significantly to early post-fire community structure. Although the general trends in post-fire succession are clear in terms of temporal changes in the relative proportions of different plant groups, environmental variation and the nature of plant life histories of component species, especially dominant species, could alter such trends significantly.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of Japan","doi":"10.1046/j.1440-1703.2001.00410.x","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., 2001, Early post-fire succession in California chaparral: Changes in diversity, density, cover, and biomass: Ecological Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 471-485, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.2001.00410.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"485","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Stunt Ranch Santa Monica Mountains Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.65895271301271,\n 34.08856373916827\n ],\n [\n -118.66109848022461,\n 34.088350491123755\n ],\n [\n -118.66375923156738,\n 34.08849265654644\n ],\n [\n -118.66513252258301,\n 34.086999907701866\n ],\n [\n -118.6644458770752,\n 34.08636015014022\n ],\n [\n -118.66358757019044,\n 34.0868577397726\n ],\n [\n -118.65946769714354,\n 34.08586255758354\n ],\n [\n -118.65775108337402,\n 34.08600472718385\n ],\n [\n -118.65689277648924,\n 34.08500953496871\n ],\n [\n -118.65612030029295,\n 34.08486736369742\n ],\n [\n -118.65328788757324,\n 34.08515170600131\n ],\n [\n -118.65174293518068,\n 34.08372998493334\n ],\n [\n -118.65045547485353,\n 34.08323237692003\n ],\n [\n -118.65019798278807,\n 34.08166844698419\n ],\n [\n -118.64092826843262,\n 34.08173953533514\n ],\n [\n -118.64075660705566,\n 34.082876940834474\n ],\n [\n -118.63783836364745,\n 34.08380107155366\n ],\n [\n -118.6365509033203,\n 34.08515170600131\n ],\n [\n -118.63646507263182,\n 34.088705904232874\n ],\n [\n -118.63234519958496,\n 34.08884806905874\n ],\n [\n -118.63225936889648,\n 34.09233103271946\n ],\n [\n -118.62788200378417,\n 34.092544270737235\n ],\n [\n -118.62788200378417,\n 34.09609815861697\n ],\n [\n -118.61929893493651,\n 34.096169234852546\n ],\n [\n -118.61912727355957,\n 34.10000726293642\n ],\n [\n -118.62350463867188,\n 34.10007833588909\n ],\n [\n -118.62350463867188,\n 34.10370297732407\n ],\n [\n -118.6284828186035,\n 34.10370297732407\n ],\n [\n -118.62856864929198,\n 34.10050477235163\n ],\n [\n -118.64530563354492,\n 34.10022048161536\n ],\n [\n -118.64564895629881,\n 34.10277906385924\n ],\n [\n -118.65019798278807,\n 34.103063345999836\n ],\n [\n -118.65397453308105,\n 34.10036262710289\n ],\n [\n -118.65474700927734,\n 34.10164192574605\n ],\n [\n -118.65800857543945,\n 34.101570854106576\n ],\n [\n -118.65800857543945,\n 34.099580823966875\n ],\n [\n -118.65912437438965,\n 34.099438677166155\n ],\n [\n -118.65895271301271,\n 34.08856373916827\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c1ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016138,"text":"1016138 - 2001 - Killdeer population trends in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1016138","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Killdeer population trends in North America","docAbstract":"Killdeers (Charadrius vociferus) are considered a common species that inhabits a wide range of wetland and upland habitats throughout much of North America, yet recent information suggests that they may be declining regionally, if not throughout much of their range. To address this issue, we examined population trends of this species at multiple spatial and temporal scales using data from two major avian survey efforts, the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and Christmas Bird Count (CBC). A summary of BBS trends indicates significant long-term (1966a??1996) declines in breeding populations across North America. Geographic regions driving this decline were Canada, western survey regions of the continent, and select southeastern states. In contrast, over the same time period, Killdeer populations increased in some midwestern states, particularly those in the Great Lakes region. Recent BBS trends (1986a??1996) indicate highly significant declines across most areas of North America surveyed. Trends from CBC data (1959a??1988) indicate declines at a smaller spatial scale. While the ability of current major avian survey efforts to detect population trends for Killdeer and other shorebird species warrants further examination, significant negative trends in Killdeer populations indicates the need to further investigate the status of this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sanzenbacher, P.M., and Haig, S.M., 2001, Killdeer population trends in North America: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 72, no. 1, p. 160-169.","productDescription":"p. 160-169","startPage":"160","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanzenbacher, Peter M.","contributorId":90260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanzenbacher","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13016,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":323607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164334,"text":"70164334 - 2001 - Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859): Contributions to knowledge of New World fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T12:43:17","indexId":"70164334","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"7","subseriesTitle":"BioLlania","title":"Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859): Contributions to knowledge of New World fishes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alexander von Humboldt: Homenaje al Bicentenario de su llegada a tierras Venezolanas (16 de julio-1799 al 26 de novienbre-1800)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"Spanish","publisher":"UNELLEZ","usgsCitation":"Nico, L.G., 2001, Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859): Contributions to knowledge of New World fishes, chap. of Alexander von Humboldt: Homenaje al Bicentenario de su llegada a tierras Venezolanas (16 de julio-1799 al 26 de novienbre-1800), p. 127-164.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"164","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fbbe4b010e2af2a5d2e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Aymard, G.","contributorId":156255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aymard","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597065,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nico, Leo G. 0000-0002-4488-7737 lnico@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":2913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"Leo","email":"lnico@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023971,"text":"70023971 - 2001 - Interparticle migration of metal cations in stream sediments as a factor in toxics transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023971","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interparticle migration of metal cations in stream sediments as a factor in toxics transport","docAbstract":"Sorption of metal cations by stream sediments is an important process affecting the movement of released contaminants in the environment. The ability of cations to desorb from one sediment particle and subsequently sorb to another can greatly affect metal transport rates but rates for this process have not been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the rate at which sorbed metals can migrate from contaminated sediment particles to uncontaminated sediment particles as a function of the concentration of the contaminating solution and the duration of the contact with the contaminating solution. Samples of small sediment particles were exposed to solutions containing cobalt, after which they were rinsed and combined with larger uncontaminated sediment particles in the presence of stream water. Initial concentrations of the contaminating solution ranged from 1ng/l to 1000mg/l and exposures to the contaminating solution ranged from 6h to 14 days. The rate of the migration increased with increasing concentrations in the contaminating solution and with decreasing times of exposure to the contaminating solution. Under the conditions of these experiments, the time required for the migration to reach equilibrium was on the order of months or longer. In separate experiments, the kinetics of adsorption and desorption of cobalt were measured as a function of concentration of the contaminating solution. The time required to reach adsorption equilibrium increased with increasing concentration in the contaminating solution. Times to sorption equilibrium were on the order of months. Desorption was much slower than adsorption and, together with intraparticle diffusion, probably controls the rate of migration from contaminated to uncontaminated sediment. The results of this study show that interparticle migration of metal cations can proceed at significant rates that are strongly influenced by the length of time that the metal has been in contact with the sediment. Copyright ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.Sorption of metal cations by stream sediments is an important process affecting the movement of released contaminants in the environment. The ability of cations to desorb from one sediment particle and subsequently sorb to another can greatly affect metal transport rates but rates for this process have not been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the rate at which sorbed metals can migrate from contaminated sediment particles to uncontaminated sediment particles as a function of the concentration of the contaminating solution and the duration of the contact with the contaminating solution. Samples of small sediment particles were exposed to solutions containing cobalt, after which they were rinsed and combined with larger uncontaminated sediment particles in the presence of stream water. Initial concentrations of the contaminating solution ranged from 1 ng/l to 1000 mg/l and exposures to the contaminating solution ranged from 6 h to 14 days. The rate of the migration increased with increasing concentrations in the contaminating solution and with decreasing times of exposure to the contaminating solution. Under the conditions of these experiments, the time required for the migration to reach equilibrium was on the order of months or longer. In separate experiments, the kinetics of adsorption and desorption of cobalt were measured as a function of concentration of the contaminating solution. The time required to reach adsorption equilibrium increased with increasing concentration in the contaminating solution. Times to sorption equilibrium were on the order of months. Desorption was much slower than adsorption and, together with intraparticle diffusion, probably controls the rate of migration from contaminated to uncontaminated sediment. The results of this study show that interparticle migration of metal cations can proceed at significant rates that are strongly influenced by the length of time that the metal has","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00349-6","issn":"03043894","usgsCitation":"Jackman, A.P., Kennedy, V.C., and Bhatia, N., 2001, Interparticle migration of metal cations in stream sediments as a factor in toxics transport: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 82, no. 1, p. 27-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00349-6.","startPage":"27","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207112,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00349-6"},{"id":231749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d50e4b0c8380cd63487","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackman, A. P.","contributorId":46957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, V. C.","contributorId":46080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhatia, N.","contributorId":34684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhatia","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162299,"text":"70162299 - 2001 - Tagging and tracking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T10:32:35","indexId":"70162299","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tagging and tracking","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Landers, M.N., Westgate, A., Bonde, R.K., and Murray, M., 2001, Tagging and tracking, chap. of Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine, p. 851-880.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"851","endPage":"880","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Marine-Mammal-Medicine-Health-Disease-and-Rehabilitation/Dierauf-Gulland/9780849308390"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4fe4b0961cf2811c2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landers, Mark N. 0000-0002-3014-0480 landers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-0480","contributorId":1103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"Mark","email":"landers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westgate, A.","contributorId":152390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westgate","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, M.J.","contributorId":30421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162304,"text":"70162304 - 2001 - Natural history notes: Plethodon jordani (Jordan's Salamander). Vocalization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T10:24:16","indexId":"70162304","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural history notes: Plethodon jordani (Jordan's Salamander). Vocalization","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.G., and Barichivich, W.J., 2001, Natural history notes: Plethodon jordani (Jordan's Salamander). Vocalization: Herpetological Review, v. 34, p. 246-247.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"247","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4ce4b0961cf2811c0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, K. G.","contributorId":152395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barichivich, William J. 0000-0003-1103-6861 wbarichivich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":3697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"William","email":"wbarichivich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023979,"text":"70023979 - 2001 - Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023979","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme","docAbstract":"In 1994, the NASQAN (National Stream Quality Accounting Network) programme was redesigned as a flux-based water-quality monitoring network for the Mississippi, Columbia, Colorado, and Rio Grande Basins. As the new programme represented a departure from the original, new sampling, processing, analytical, and data handling procedures had to be selected/developed to provide data on discharge, suspended sediment concentration, and the concentrations of suspended sediment and dissolved trace elements. Annual suspended sediment fluxes were estimated by summing daily instantaneous fluxes based on predicted suspended sediment concentrations derived from discharge-based log-log regression (rating-curve) models. The models were developed using both historical and current site-specific discharge and suspended sediment concentrations. Errors using this approach typically are less than ?? 10% for the 3-year reporting period; however, the magnitude of the errors increases substantially for temporal spans shorter than 1 year. Total, rather than total-recoverable, suspended sediment-associated trace element concentrations were determined by direct analysis of material dewatered from large-volume whole-water samples. Site-specific intra- and inter-annual suspended sediment-associated chemical variations were less (typically by no more than a factor of two) than those for either discharge or suspended sediment concentrations (usually more than 10-fold). The concentrations, hence the annual fluxes, for suspended sediment-associated phosphorus and organic carbon, determined by direct analyses, were higher than those determined using a more traditional paired, whole-water/filtered-water approach (by factors ranging from 1.5- to 10-fold). This may be important for such issues as eutrophication and coastal productivity. Filtered water-associated (dissolved) trace element concentrations were markedly lower than those determined during the historical NASQAN programme; many were below their respective detection limits. This resulted from the use of clean sampling, processing, and analytical protocols. Hence, the fluxes for filtered water-associated (dissolved) Ag, Pb, Co, V, Be, Sb, and Se, as well as the total (filtered water plus suspended sediment-associated) fluxes for these constituents, could not be estimated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.206","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Smith, J., 2001, Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1107-1132, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.206.","startPage":"1107","endPage":"1132","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207166,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.206"},{"id":231865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b4fe4b0c8380cd52684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185193,"text":"70185193 - 2001 - In situ spectroscopic and solution analyses of the reductive dissolution of Mn02 by Fe(II)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:40:13","indexId":"70185193","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ spectroscopic and solution analyses of the reductive dissolution of Mn02 by Fe(II)","docAbstract":"The reductive dissolution of MnO2 by Fe(II) under conditions simulating acid mine drainage (pH 3, 100 mM SO42-) was investigated by utilizing a flow-through reaction cell and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This configuration allows collection of in situ, real-time X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra and bulk solution samples. Analysis of the solution chemistry suggests that the reaction mechanism changed (decreased reaction rate) as MnO2 was reduced and Fe(III) precipitated, primarily as ferrihydrite. Simultaneously, we observed an additional phase, with the local structure of jacobsite (MnFe2O4), in the Mn XANES spectra of reactants and products. The X-ray absorbance of this intermediate phase increased during the experiment, implying an increase in concentration. The presence of this phase, which probably formed as a surface coating, helps to explain the reduced rate of dissolution of manganese(IV) oxide. In natural environments affected by acid mine drainage, the formation of complex intermediate solid phases on mineral surfaces undergoing reductive dissolution may likewise influence the rate of release of metals to solution.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es001356d","usgsCitation":"Villinski, J.E., O’Day, P.A., Corley, T.L., and Conklin, M.H., 2001, In situ spectroscopic and solution analyses of the reductive dissolution of Mn02 by Fe(II): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1157-1163, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001356d.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1163","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41fe4b0849ce97dc772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villinski, John E.","contributorId":189392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villinski","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Day, Peggy A.","contributorId":189393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Day","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corley, Timothy L.","contributorId":189394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corley","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conklin, Martha H.","contributorId":189395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conklin","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185672,"text":"70185672 - 2001 - Monitoring the effect of poplar trees on petroleum-hydrocarbon and chlorinated-solvent contaminated ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:37:05","indexId":"70185672","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2064,"text":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the effect of poplar trees on petroleum-hydrocarbon and chlorinated-solvent contaminated ground water","docAbstract":"At contaminated groundwater sites, poplar trees can be used to affect ground-water levels, flow directions, and ultimately total groundwater and contaminant flux to areas downgradient of the trees. The magnitude of the hydrologic changes can be monitored using fundamental concepts of groundwater hydrology, in addition to plant physiology-based approaches, and can be viewed as being almost independent of the contaminant released. The affect of poplar trees on the fate of groundwater contaminants, however, is contaminant dependent. Some petroleum hydrocarbons or chlorinated solvents may be mineralized or transformed to innocuous compounds by rhizospheric bacteria associated with the tree roots, mineralized or transformed by plant tissues in the transpiration stream or leaves after uptake, or passively volatilized and rapidly dispersed or oxidized in the atmosphere. These processes also can be monitored using a combination of physiological- or geochemical-based field or laboratory approaches. When combined, such hydrologic and contaminant monitoring approaches can result in a more accurate assessment of the use of poplar trees to meet regulatory goals at contaminated groundwater sites, verify that these goals continue to be met in the future, and ultimately lead to a consensus on how the performance of plant-based remedial strategies (phytoremediation) is to be assessed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15226510108500050","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., 2001, Monitoring the effect of poplar trees on petroleum-hydrocarbon and chlorinated-solvent contaminated ground water: International Journal of Phytoremediation, v. 3, no. 1, p. 61-85, https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510108500050.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"61","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da2539e4b0543bf7fda84d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185194,"text":"70185194 - 2001 - Water sustainability -- Science or management?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T10:43:59","indexId":"70185194","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water sustainability -- Science or management?","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02352.x","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., 2001, Water sustainability -- Science or management?: Groundwater, v. 39, no. 5, p. 641-641, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02352.x.","productDescription":"1 p. ","startPage":"641","endPage":"641","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41fe4b0849ce97dc770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024257,"text":"70024257 - 2001 - Associations of grassland birds with landscape factors in southern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T13:54:37.426132","indexId":"70024257","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations of grassland birds with landscape factors in southern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"We investigated the association of grassland birds with field- and landscape-level habitat variables in south-central Wisconsin during 1985–1987. Landscape-level variables were measured and digitized at 200, 400 and 800 m from the perimeter of 38 200 m × 100 m strip transects. A mixture of field and landscape variables was associated with the density of savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) and grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum). Only landscape variables were associated with the density of bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) and all birds that were grassland species of management concern. Field size was not an important predictor of bird density. Cover-type diversity of the surrounding area was commonly selected in the models for three species and all birds that were grassland species of management concern. Higher bird densities in the transects were associated with landscapes where the cover types were less diverse. Landscapes with low cover type diversity were dominated by grassland, pasture and hay. Field habitat, mean patch size of cover types and distance to woody vegetation were the next most common predictors of avian density. The density of some grassland birds increased as nonlinear woody features such as woodlots and shrub carrs decreased in patch size, decreased in total amount in the landscape and increased in distance from a transect. However, density of other species was positively associated with linear woody features such as the total amount and nearness of hedgerows. The composition of the surrounding landscape, at least out to 800 m, is important in grassland bird management.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2001)146[0105:AOGBWL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C., and Sample, D.W., 2001, Associations of grassland birds with landscape factors in southern Wisconsin: American Midland Naturalist, v. 146, no. 1, p. 105-121, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2001)146[0105:AOGBWL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Columbia County, Dane County, Grant County, Green County, Jefferson County, Marquette County, Sauk County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-89.2453,43.643],[-89.127,43.6436],[-89.1271,43.6318],[-89.007,43.6332],[-89.0063,43.548],[-89.0044,43.4616],[-89.0038,43.3737],[-89.0088,43.3738],[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-88.8919,43.1995],[-88.7732,43.1998],[-88.6563,43.1986],[-88.5401,43.1978],[-88.5407,43.111],[-88.5407,43.0232],[-88.5413,42.9341],[-88.5413,42.8445],[-88.66,42.8453],[-88.7757,42.8455],[-88.8951,42.8457],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-89.132,42.8479],[-89.2488,42.8478],[-89.3689,42.8484],[-89.3677,42.7743],[-89.3671,42.7607],[-89.3666,42.6906],[-89.3667,42.677],[-89.3656,42.5998],[-89.3656,42.5907],[-89.3645,42.5029],[-89.4018,42.503],[-89.4031,42.503],[-89.4537,42.5038],[-89.4883,42.5044],[-89.5693,42.5057],[-89.6811,42.5074],[-89.803,42.5077],[-89.8379,42.5076],[-89.8377,42.5975],[-89.8375,42.6857],[-89.8373,42.7735],[-89.8375,42.8135],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8432,43.2004],[-89.8544,43.1936],[-89.8613,43.1936],[-89.8664,43.1954],[-89.8859,43.1967],[-89.8946,43.1935],[-89.9047,43.1875],[-89.9304,43.1897],[-89.9487,43.1933],[-89.9637,43.1919],[-89.9845,43.1964],[-89.9933,43.1968],[-90.0071,43.1945],[-90.0165,43.1899],[-90.0309,43.1816],[-90.0359,43.1757],[-90.0415,43.1716],[-90.0515,43.1665],[-90.0552,43.1624],[-90.0564,43.1588],[-90.0589,43.1488],[-90.0607,43.146],[-90.0651,43.1465],[-90.0708,43.1505],[-90.0803,43.1591],[-90.0872,43.1618],[-90.1017,43.1609],[-90.1111,43.1622],[-90.1212,43.1649],[-90.1582,43.1665],[-90.1683,43.1651],[-90.1776,43.16],[-90.1858,43.1613],[-90.1946,43.1659],[-90.1944,43.2059],[-90.1947,43.2932],[-90.1949,43.3801],[-90.1946,43.4675],[-90.1923,43.5549],[-90.311,43.5538],[-90.3127,43.6407],[-90.1919,43.6418],[-90.0724,43.642],[-89.9548,43.6411],[-89.8384,43.6409],[-89.7866,43.6411],[-89.779,43.6411],[-89.7195,43.643],[-89.6,43.6427],[-89.5995,43.7306],[-89.5978,43.818],[-89.5972,43.8945],[-89.598,43.9824],[-89.4823,43.982],[-89.3654,43.9824],[-89.2472,43.9827],[-89.1658,43.983],[-89.1651,43.8759],[-89.1975,43.876],[-89.1977,43.8127],[-89.1977,43.8109],[-89.199,43.8077],[-89.1971,43.8045],[-89.194,43.8022],[-89.1902,43.8013],[-89.1851,43.8022],[-89.1749,43.8076],[-89.168,43.8099],[-89.1682,43.7625],[-89.1713,43.7635],[-89.1751,43.7639],[-89.1834,43.7621],[-89.1897,43.7617],[-89.2176,43.7626],[-89.2201,43.7604],[-89.2227,43.7604],[-89.2296,43.7649],[-89.241,43.7636],[-89.243,43.759],[-89.2455,43.7572],[-89.2456,43.7304],[-89.2453,43.643]]],[[[-90.4325,43.1989],[-90.4308,43.1212],[-90.4302,43.0334],[-90.4297,42.9465],[-90.4285,42.8583],[-90.4285,42.8142],[-90.428,42.7715],[-90.4274,42.6842],[-90.4269,42.5979],[-90.4276,42.5081],[-90.6204,42.5091],[-90.6354,42.5094],[-90.636,42.5094],[-90.6415,42.5093],[-90.6363,42.5146],[-90.6342,42.5191],[-90.6347,42.5241],[-90.6376,42.5317],[-90.6395,42.5371],[-90.642,42.5416],[-90.6465,42.5461],[-90.6517,42.5491],[-90.659,42.5542],[-90.6635,42.5587],[-90.6667,42.5639],[-90.6693,42.5705],[-90.6718,42.5759],[-90.6777,42.5849],[-90.6825,42.5937],[-90.6858,42.5984],[-90.6875,42.603],[-90.6886,42.6076],[-90.69,42.613],[-90.6926,42.618],[-90.6954,42.6227],[-90.7002,42.6293],[-90.7019,42.6311],[-90.706,42.6356],[-90.7134,42.64],[-90.7217,42.6423],[-90.7301,42.6449],[-90.7369,42.6464],[-90.7461,42.6479],[-90.7561,42.6491],[-90.7629,42.6506],[-90.7755,42.6531],[-90.7924,42.6553],[-90.8068,42.6583],[-90.8205,42.6604],[-90.8405,42.6634],[-90.8669,42.6695],[-90.8768,42.6715],[-90.8899,42.6733],[-90.896,42.6753],[-90.8985,42.6761],[-90.9065,42.6785],[-90.9108,42.68],[-90.9169,42.6821],[-90.9226,42.6843],[-90.9276,42.6856],[-90.9332,42.6856],[-90.9382,42.685],[-90.9413,42.685],[-90.9482,42.6858],[-90.9542,42.6872],[-90.9601,42.6898],[-90.9677,42.6929],[-90.9734,42.6956],[-90.98,42.6995],[-90.9841,42.7036],[-90.9903,42.7074],[-90.998,42.7121],[-91.0075,42.7161],[-91.0182,42.7205],[-91.0226,42.7227],[-91.0259,42.7245],[-91.0264,42.7249],[-91.0283,42.7263],[-91.0301,42.7291],[-91.03,42.7314],[-91.0305,42.7341],[-91.0323,42.7358],[-91.0354,42.7371],[-91.0392,42.7375],[-91.0417,42.7375],[-91.0447,42.7376],[-91.0467,42.7379],[-91.0492,42.7383],[-91.0517,42.7397],[-91.0543,42.7428],[-91.0549,42.7446],[-91.0549,42.746],[-91.0563,42.7478],[-91.0582,42.7485],[-91.0587,42.7487],[-91.0613,42.75],[-91.0632,42.7523],[-91.0638,42.754],[-91.0639,42.7545],[-91.0634,42.7561],[-91.0621,42.7591],[-91.062,42.762],[-91.0629,42.7645],[-91.0649,42.767],[-91.0667,42.7698],[-91.0688,42.7736],[-91.0696,42.7771],[-91.0713,42.7826],[-91.0735,42.7913],[-91.0763,42.8],[-91.0776,42.8103],[-91.078,42.8214],[-91.0781,42.8294],[-91.0776,42.8339],[-91.0775,42.8373],[-91.0796,42.8398],[-91.0823,42.8424],[-91.0847,42.8437],[-91.086,42.8443],[-91.089,42.8462],[-91.0908,42.8498],[-91.0924,42.8542],[-91.0944,42.8596],[-91.0971,42.8678],[-91.0995,42.874],[-91.0999,42.875],[-91.1047,42.8824],[-91.1132,42.8885],[-91.1218,42.8927],[-91.1311,42.8965],[-91.1372,42.9007],[-91.1411,42.905],[-91.1444,42.9104],[-91.1445,42.9168],[-91.1438,42.9268],[-91.1453,42.9372],[-91.1454,42.9395],[-91.1457,42.9445],[-91.1455,42.9518],[-91.1464,42.9609],[-91.1506,42.9678],[-91.152,42.9695],[-91.1559,42.9739],[-91.1566,42.9747],[-91.1585,42.9784],[-91.1568,42.9839],[-91.1563,42.9894],[-91.1566,42.9934],[-91.1579,42.9966],[-91.139,43],[-91.1334,43.0001],[-91.1277,43.0002],[-91.1039,42.9996],[-91.0969,42.9965],[-91.07,42.9968],[-91.0569,43.001],[-91.042,43.0067],[-91.0296,43.0114],[-91.0203,43.0174],[-91.0055,43.0248],[-90.9917,43.0282],[-90.9805,43.0315],[-90.9613,43.0431],[-90.9442,43.0624],[-90.9361,43.0652],[-90.9198,43.0645],[-90.9048,43.0678],[-90.8949,43.0734],[-90.8886,43.0748],[-90.883,43.0758],[-90.8605,43.0788],[-90.8511,43.0798],[-90.8462,43.0848],[-90.8307,43.0932],[-90.8213,43.0955],[-90.8169,43.0951],[-90.8002,43.1085],[-90.789,43.1109],[-90.7677,43.1152],[-90.7546,43.1221],[-90.7447,43.1245],[-90.741,43.1327],[-90.7312,43.1428],[-90.715,43.152],[-90.7051,43.1599],[-90.7033,43.1631],[-90.6983,43.1681],[-90.6915,43.1723],[-90.684,43.1728],[-90.6733,43.1706],[-90.6682,43.1702],[-90.667,43.1702],[-90.6444,43.1754],[-90.6138,43.1843],[-90.5982,43.1917],[-90.5751,43.2015],[-90.5695,43.2034],[-90.5507,43.208],[-90.53,43.205],[-90.5105,43.2047],[-90.4953,43.2026],[-90.4802,43.2004],[-90.4645,43.2001],[-90.4576,43.1978],[-90.4519,43.1979],[-90.4375,43.1989],[-90.4325,43.1989]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Columbia\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","volume":"146","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee95e4b0c8380cd49e44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sample, D. W.","contributorId":57239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sample","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023970,"text":"70023970 - 2001 - Relating nitrogen sources and aquifer susceptibility to nitrate in shallow ground waters of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:19:37.711965","indexId":"70023970","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating nitrogen sources and aquifer susceptibility to nitrate in shallow ground waters of the United States","docAbstract":"Characteristics of nitrogen loading and aquifer susceptibility to contamination were evaluated to determine their influence on contamination of shallow ground water by nitrate. A set of 13 explanatory variables was derived from these characteristics, and variables that have a significant influence were identified using logistic regression (LR). Multivariate LR models based on more than 900 sampled wells predicted the probability of exceeding 4 mg/L of nitrate in ground water. The final LR model consists of the following variables: (1) nitrogen fertilizer loading (p-value = 0.012); (2) percent cropland-pasture (p < 0.001); (3) natural log of population density (p < 0.001); (4) percent well-drained soils (p = 0.002); (5) depth to the seasonally high water table (p = 0.001); and (6) presence or absence of a fracture zone within an aquifer (p = 0.002). Variables 1–3 were compiled within circular, 500 m radius areas surrounding sampled wells, and variables 4–6 were compiled within larger areas representing targeted land use and aquifers of interest. Fitting criteria indicate that the full logistic-regression model is highly significant (p < 0.001), compared with an intercept-only model that contains none of the explanatory variables. A goodness-of-fit test indicates that the model fits the data well, and observed and predicted probabilities of exceeding 4 mg/L nitrate in ground water are strongly correlated (r2= 0.971). Based on the multivariate LR model, vulnerability of ground water to contamination by nitrate depends not on any single factor but on the combined, simultaneous influence of factors representing nitrogen loading sources and aquifer susceptibility characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02311.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., 2001, Relating nitrogen sources and aquifer susceptibility to nitrate in shallow ground waters of the United States: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 2, p. 290-299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02311.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"299","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a626e4b0e8fec6cdc0e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, B. T.","contributorId":21565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185400,"text":"70185400 - 2001 - Predation on waterfowl in arctic tundra and prairie breeding areas: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T14:46:58","indexId":"70185400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation on waterfowl in arctic tundra and prairie breeding areas: A review","docAbstract":"Predation is a natural component of waterfowl population biology, but environmental alterations have changed the magnitude and importance of predation on waterfowl breeding areas. We reviewed the status of waterfowl populations, adaptations of waterfowl that minimize impacts of predation, and the impacts of predation on waterfowl populations in 2 major North American breeding areas, the Arctic and Prairie Regions. We identified the underlying factors contributing to most waterfowl predation problems to be changes in essential breeding habitats and changes in predator community composition and abundance. In the Arctic, high predation rates on waterfowl eggs and young are usually associated with predators gaining access to populations that were previously isolated. In the prairie, predation problems are often related to large-scale habitat degradation coupled with changes in predator communities. Predation problems are often symptomatic of inadequate habitat management, but we recognize that habitat management alone is not always sufficient to effectively manage predation problems. Predation management efforts should be integrated with strategies of long-term management of habitats critical to breeding waterfowl, strategies embraced by the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. Predation management must be tailored to different situations and include an element of flexibility that allows appropriate response to the dynamic nature of factors influencing survival and recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Sovada, M.A., Anthony, R.M., and Batt, B.D., 2001, Predation on waterfowl in arctic tundra and prairie breeding areas: A review: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 29, no. 1, p. 6-15.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337971,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783975"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b91e4b0236b68f828fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sovada, Marsha A. msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":16057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Batt, Bruce D.J.","contributorId":113404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batt","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}