No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.3952","usgsCitation":"Ortega, A., Lasharr, T.N., Kauffman, M., and Monteith, K., 2023, Energy expenditure of fat in a large herbivore is non-linear over winter: Ecology, v. 104, no. 4, e3952, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3952.","productDescription":"e3952, 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144283","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3952","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":489285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortega, Anna C.","contributorId":351885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ortega","given":"Anna C.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasharr, Tayler N.","contributorId":280148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasharr","given":"Tayler","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":202921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":296712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin L.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70239423,"text":"70239423 - 2023 - Integration of lithofacies and geochemical observation to interpret depositional processes and environments associated with carbon burial during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T15:52:45.652407","indexId":"70239423","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-10T10:50:30","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integration of lithofacies and geochemical observation to interpret depositional processes and environments associated with carbon burial during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"38th Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference and Core Workshop 2022: The Cenomanian-Turonian stratigraphic interval across the Americas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Curran Associates","usgsCitation":"Flaum, J.A., Birdwell, J.E., and French, K.L., 2023, Integration of lithofacies and geochemical observation to interpret depositional processes and environments associated with carbon burial during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2, in 38th Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference and Core Workshop 2022: The Cenomanian-Turonian stratigraphic interval across the Americas, p. 74-92.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"92","ipdsId":"IP-146008","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flaum, Jason A. 0000-0003-1251-1142","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-1142","contributorId":300809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flaum","given":"Jason","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"French, Katherine L. 0000-0002-0153-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0153-8035","contributorId":205462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":861541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70239904,"text":"70239904 - 2023 - Using the delta log R method to predict TOC in the Tuscaloosa marine shale, Mississippi, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T14:22:57.266558","indexId":"70239904","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-10T09:20:44","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using the delta log R method to predict TOC in the Tuscaloosa marine shale, Mississippi, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"38th Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference and Core Workshop 2022: The Cenomanian-Turonian stratigraphic interval across the Americas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Curran Associates","usgsCitation":"Lohr, C., and Merrill, M.D., 2023, Using the delta log R method to predict TOC in the Tuscaloosa marine shale, Mississippi, U.S.A., in 38th Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference and Core Workshop 2022: The Cenomanian-Turonian stratigraphic interval across the Americas, v. 38, p. 140-144.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"144","ipdsId":"IP-143442","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, Celeste 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":209992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":174817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70240801,"text":"70240801 - 2023 - Environmental monitoring for invasive fungal pathogens of ʽŌhiʽa (Metrosideros polymorpha) on the Island of Hawaiʽi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T12:57:55.561333","indexId":"70240801","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-10T06:55:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental monitoring for invasive fungal pathogens of ʽŌhiʽa (Metrosideros polymorpha) on the Island of Hawaiʽi","docAbstract":"The invasive rust Austropuccina psidii was detected in the Hawaiian Islands in 2005 and has become widely established throughout the archipelago in both native and introduced species of Myrtaceae. Initial predictions about the impacts of the fungus on native ʽōhiʽa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), a keystone native tree, have not materialized, but there is ongoing concern that introductions of new genotypes of the fungus could lead to widespread mortality with catastrophic effects on native ecosystems. By contrast, two recently emergent Ascomycete pathogens, Ceratocystis lukuohia (Ceratocystis wilt of ‘ōhi‘a) and C. huliohia (Ceratocystis canker of ‘ōhi‘a), collectively known to cause Rapid ʽŌhiʽa Death (ROD), are causing significant mortality in native forests on Hawaiʻi and Kauaʻi Islands, but pathways of spread are still incompletely understood. We used a network of passive environmental samplers for collecting windblown urediniospores of Austropuccina to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental monitoring to detect seasonal and landscape-scale differences in airborne propagules of this rust on Hawai`i Island. The samplers were also used to determine if windborn ambrosia beetle frass or spores of Ceratocystis can spread long distances. We found frequent detections and regional and seasonal differences in numbers of samplers that were positive for urediniospores of Austropuccinia, but little evidence of long-distance airborne dispersal of the ROD-causing fungi. The simple, inexpensive platform for sampling airborne fungal spores that we used may have value as a monitoring tool for detecting spread of airborne fungal pathogens, evaluating habitats for suitability for restoration efforts, and for detecting new pathogen introductions, particularly new Austropuccinia genotypes both in Hawaiʻi and other parts of the world.
Prior to 2015, seabird die-offs in Alaskan waters were rare; they typically occurred in mid-winter, linked to epizootic disease events or above-average ocean temperatures associated with strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation events (Bodenstein et al. 2015, Jones et al. 2019, Romano et al. 2020). Since 2015, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has monitored mortality events that have become annual occurrences in Alaska (Fig. 1). Since 2017, communities on the coasts of the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas have annually observed dead and dying seabirds along their coasts, although such die-offs have not been reported from communities north of Point Hope. (Fig. 2). Affected species included planktivorous birds such as auklets (Aethia spp.) and shearwaters (Ardenna spp.), piscivorous murres (Uria spp.), puffins (Fratercula spp.), and kittiwakes (Rissa spp.), as well as low numbers of benthic feeding sea ducks (Somateria spp.). The range of seabird species and the different prey species involved, with localized events throughout summer and over widespread areas, indicate environmental causes at multiple trophic levels. Such wildlife mortality events are a public health concern for coastal communities that rely on ocean resources for their nutritional, cultural, and economic well-being. They have also been seen as a harbinger of concern for the state of the Arctic Ocean itself.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Report Card 2022 (NOAA Technical Report)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","doi":"10.25923/h002-4w87","usgsCitation":"Kaler, R.A., Sheffield, G., Backensto, S., Lindsey, J., Jones, T., Parrish, J., Ahmasuk, B., Bodenstein, B., Dusek, R.J., Van Hemert, C.R., Smith, M.M., and Schwalenberg, P., 2023, Partnering in search of answers: Seabird die-offs in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: NOAA Technical Report, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.25923/h002-4w87.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-146201","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411346,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":413237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XHBX75"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.1296495933479,\n 72.11440831496111\n ],\n [\n -179.1296495933479,\n 50.18720131843497\n ],\n [\n -152.51534691780924,\n 50.18720131843497\n ],\n [\n -152.51534691780924,\n 72.11440831496111\n ],\n [\n -179.1296495933479,\n 72.11440831496111\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaler, Robb A. 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While introductions are pervasive, two aspects of variability underlie patterns and processes of biological invasions at macroecological scales. First, only a portion of introduced species become invaders capable of substantially impacting ecosystems. Second, species that do become invasive at one location may not be invasive in others; impacts depend on invader abundance and recipient species and conditions. Accounting for these phenomena is essential to accurately understand the patterns of plant invasion and explain the idiosyncratic results reflected in the literature on biological invasions. The lack of community-level richness and the abundance of data spanning broad scales and environmental conditions have until now hindered our understanding of invasions at a macroecological scale. To address this limitation, we leveraged quantitative surveys of plant communities in the USA and integrated and harmonized nine datasets into the Standardized Plant Community with Introduced Status (SPCIS) database. The database contains 14,056 unique taxa identified within 83,391 sampling units, of which 52.6% have at least one introduced species. The SPCIS database includes comparable information on plant species occurrence, abundance, and native status across the 50 U.S. States and Puerto Rico. SPCIS can be used to answer macro-scale questions about native plant communities and interactions with invasive plants. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and we ask the users of this dataset to cite this paper, the respective paper(s) corresponding to the dataset sampling design (all references are provided in Data S1: Metadata S1: Class II-B-2), and the references described in Data S1: Metadata S1: Class III-B-4 as applicable to the dataset being utilized.
The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum L., is a three-host hard tick notorious for aggressive feeding behavior. In the early to mid-20th century, this species’ range was mostly limited to the southern USA. Since the 1950s, A. americanum has been detected in many new localities in the western, northcentral, and northeastern regions of the country. To examine the influence of climate on this apparent expansion, we used historical (1748–1950) lone star locations from the literature and museum records to model areas suitable for this species based on past environmental conditions in the late 1800s – early 1900s. We then projected this model forward using present (2011–2020) climatic conditions and compared the two for evidence of climate-associated distributional shifts. A maximum entropy distribution or Maxent model was generated by using a priori selected climatic variables including temperature, precipitation, and vapor pressure deficit. Temperature and vapor pressure deficit were selected as the most important factors in creating a sensitive and specific model (success rate = 82.6 ± 6.1%) that had a good fit to the existing data and was significantly better than a random model [partial ROC (receiver operating characteristic) to AUC (area under the ROC curve) ratio = 1.97 ± 0.07, P < 0.001]. The present projected model was tested with an independent dataset of curated museum records (1952–2020) and found to be 95.6% accurate. Comparison of past and present models revealed > 98% A. americanum niche overlap. The model suggests that some areas along the western fringe are becoming less suitable for A. americanum, whereas areas in some Great Lakes and coastal northeastern regions are becoming more suitable, results that are compatible with possible effects of climate change. However, these changes are minor, and overall climate in North America does not appear to have changed in ways significant to A. americanum’s distribution. These findings are consistent with an alternative hypothesis that recent changes in A. americanum’s distribution are a result of this species re-occupying its historical range, driven predominantly by factors other than climate, such as shifts in land use and population densities of major hosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10493-022-00765-0","usgsCitation":"Rochlin, I., Egizi, A., and Ginsberg, H., 2023, Modeling of historical and current distributions of lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), is consistent with ancestral range recovery: Experimental and Applied Acarology, v. 89, p. 85-103, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00765-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"103","ipdsId":"IP-134334","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498447,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/132","text":"External Repository"},{"id":410279,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rochlin, Ilia","contributorId":299797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rochlin","given":"Ilia","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Egizi, Andrea","contributorId":299798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egizi","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":15473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70238996,"text":"70238996 - 2023 - Microbial source tracking and land use associations for antibiotic resistance genes in private wells influenced by human and livestock fecal sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T16:24:31.873247","indexId":"70238996","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-08T07:43:06","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial source tracking and land use associations for antibiotic resistance genes in private wells influenced by human and livestock fecal sources","docAbstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health problem that requires an integrated approach among human, agricultural, and environmental sectors. However, few studies address all three components simultaneously. We investigated the occurrence of five antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the class 1 integron gene (intI1) in private wells drawing water from a vulnerable aquifer influenced by residential septic systems and land-applied dairy manure. Samples (n = 138) were collected across four seasons from a randomized sample of private wells in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin. Measurements of ARGs and intI1 were related to microbial source tracking (MST) markers specific to human and bovine feces; they were also related to 54 risk factors for contamination representing land use, rainfall, hydrogeology, and well construction. ARGs and intI1 occurred in 5–40% of samples depending on target. Detection frequencies for ARGs and intI1 were lowest in the absence of human and bovine MST markers (1-30%), highest when co-occurring with human and bovine markers together (11-78%), and intermediate when co-occurring with just one type of MST marker (4-46%). Gene targets were associated with septic system density more often than agricultural land, potentially because of the variable presence of manure on the landscape. Determining ARG prevalence in a rural setting with mixed land use allowed an assessment of the relative contribution of human and bovine fecal sources. Because fecal sources co-occurred with ARGs at similar rates, interventions intended to reduce ARG occurrence may be most effective if both sources are considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America, Crop Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20443","usgsCitation":"Burch, T., Stokdyk, J.P., Firnstahl, A.D., Kieke Jr., B., Cook, R.M., Opelt, S., Spencer, S., Durso, L., and Borchardt, M.A., 2023, Microbial source tracking and land use associations for antibiotic resistance genes in private wells influenced by human and livestock fecal sources: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 52, no. 2, p. 270-286, https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20443.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"286","ipdsId":"IP-145436","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445147,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20443","text":"Publisher Index 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American Bullfrogs (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana), which have been introduced to many parts of the world, are often linked with declines of native amphibians via predation and spreading emerging pathogens such as amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]) and ranaviruses. Although many studies have investigated the potential role of bullfrogs in declines of native amphibians, analyses that account for shared habitat affinities and imperfect detection have found limited support for clear effects. Similarly, the role of bullfrogs in shaping the patch-level distribution of pathogens is unclear. We used eDNA methods to sample 233 sites in the southwestern USA and Sonora, Mexico (2016–2018) to estimate how presence of bullfrogs affects occurrence of 4 native amphibians, Bd, and ranaviruses. Based on 2-species, dominant-subordinate occupancy models fitted in a Bayesian context, federally threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frogs (R. chiricahuensis) and Western Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) were 8 times (32% vs. 4%) and 2 times (36% vs. 18%), respectively, less likely to occur at sites where bullfrogs occurred. Evidence for negative effects of bullfrogs on Lowland Leopard Frogs (R. yavapaiensis) and Northern Leopard Frogs (R. pipiens) was less clear, possibly because of smaller numbers of sites where these native species still occur and because bullfrogs often occur at lower densities in streams, the primary habitat for Lowland Leopard Frogs. At the community level, Bd was most likely to occur where bullfrogs co-occurred with native amphibians, which could increase risk to native species. Ranaviruses were estimated to occur at 33% of bullfrog-only sites, 10% of sites where bullfrogs and native amphibians co-occurred, and only 3% of sites where only native amphibians occurred. Of the 85 sites where we did not detect any of the 5 target amphibian species, we also did not detect Bd or ranaviruses; this suggests other hosts do not drive the distribution of these pathogens in our study area. Our results provide landscape-scale evidence that bullfrogs reduce occurrence of native amphibians and increase occurrence of pathogens, information that can clarify risks and aid the prioritization of conservation actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2785","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B., Oja, E.B., Owens, A., Hall, D.L., Cobos, C., Crawford, C.L., Goldberg, C.S., Hedwell, S., Howell, P., Lemos-Espinal, J.A., MacVean, S.K., McCaffery, M., Mosley, C., Muths, E., Sigafus, B., Sredl, M.J., and Rorabaugh, J.C., 2023, Empirical evidence for effects of invasive American Bullfrogs on occurrence of native amphibians and emerging pathogens: Ecological Applications, v. 33, no. 2, e2785, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2785.","productDescription":"e2785, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-138220","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445149,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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We investigated controls on hypoxia using 118 million paired observations of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and water temperature in over 125,000 locations in rivers from 93 countries. We found hypoxia (DO < 2 mg L−1) in 12.6% of all river sites across 53 countries, but no consistent trend in prevalence since 1950. High-frequency data reveal a 3-h median duration of hypoxic events which are most likely to initiate at night. River attributes were better predictors of riverine hypoxia occurrence than watershed land cover, topography, and climate characteristics. Hypoxia was more likely to occur in warmer, smaller, and lower-gradient rivers, particularly those draining urban or wetland land cover. Our findings suggest that riverine hypoxia and the resulting impacts on ecosystems may be more pervasive than previously assumed.
Rivers that do not flow year-round are the predominant type of running waters on Earth. Despite a burgeoning literature on natural flow intermittence (NFI), knowledge about the hydrological causes and ecological effects of human-induced, anthropogenic flow intermittence (AFI) remains limited. NFI and AFI could generate contrasting hydrological and biological responses in rivers because of distinct underlying causes of drying and evolutionary adaptations of their biota. We first review the causes of AFI and show how different anthropogenic drivers alter the timing, frequency and duration of drying, compared with NFI. Second, we evaluate the possible differences in biodiversity responses, ecological functions, and ecosystem services between NFI and AFI. Last, we outline knowledge gaps and management needs related to AFI. Because of the distinct hydrologic characteristics and ecological impacts of AFI, ignoring the distinction between NFI and AFI could undermine management of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams and exacerbate risks to the ecosystems and societies downstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biac098","usgsCitation":"Thibault Datry, Truchy, A., Julian D. Olden, Michelle H. Busch, Rachel Stubbington, Walter K. Dodds, Sam Zipper, Songyan Yu, Mathis L. Messager, Tonkin, J.D., Kaiser, K.E., Hammond, J., Moody, E., Burrows, R., Sarremejane, R., DelVecchia, A., Fork, M.L., Little, C., Walker, R.H., Walters, A.W., and Allen, D., 2023, Causes, responses, and implications of anthropogenic versus natural flow intermittence in river networks: BioScience, v. 73, no. 1, p. 9-22, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac098.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-141490","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445153,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac098","text":"External Repository"},{"id":429654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thibault Datry","contributorId":337346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thibault Datry","affiliations":[{"id":81018,"text":"INRAE, UR RiverLy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truchy, Amelie","contributorId":337347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truchy","given":"Amelie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81018,"text":"INRAE, UR RiverLy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Julian D. 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2023 - Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T14:23:17.048886","indexId":"70241549","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-07T09:19:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)","title":"Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)","docAbstract":"An essential goal in conservation biology is delineating population units that maximize the probability of species persisting into the future and adapting to future environmental change. However, future-facing conservation concerns are often addressed using retrospective patterns that could be irrelevant. We recommend a novel landscape genomics framework for delineating future “Geminate Evolutionary Units” (GEUs) in a focal species: (1) identify loci under environmental selection, (2) model and map adaptive conservation units that may spawn future lineages, (3) forecast relative selection pressures on each future lineage, and (4) estimate their fitness and likelihood of persistence using geo-genomic simulations. Using this process, we delineated conservation units for the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus), a U.S. federally threatened species that is highly vulnerable to climate change. We used a genome-wide dataset, redundancy analysis, and Bayesian association methods to identify 24 candidate loci responding to climatic selection (R2 ranging from 0.09 to 0.52), after controlling for demographic structure. Candidate loci included genes such as MAP3K5, involved in cellular response to environmental change. We then forecasted future genomic response to climate change using the multivariate machine learning algorithm Gradient Forests. Based on all available evidence, we found three GEUs in Yosemite National Park, reflecting contrasting adaptive optima: YF-North (high winter snowpack with moderate summer rainfall), YF-East (low to moderate snowpack with high summer rainfall), and YF-Low-Elevation (low snowpack and rainfall). Simulations under the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario suggest that the species will decline by 29% over 90 years, but the highly diverse YF-East lineage will be least impacted for two reasons: (1) geographically it will be sheltered from the largest climatic selection pressures, and (2) its standing genetic diversity will promote a faster adaptive response. Our approach provides a comprehensive strategy for protecting imperiled non-model species with genomic data alone and has wide applicability to other declining species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.13511","usgsCitation":"Maier, P., Vandergast, A.G., and Bohonak, A.J., 2023, Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus): Evolutionary Applications, v. 16, p. 74-97, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13511.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-147179","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13511","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":414614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kings Canyon National Park, Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.85061210634456,\n 36.52123522076397\n ],\n [\n -118.13910750098108,\n 36.616475004823215\n ],\n [\n -118.44742616330538,\n 37.41654854711554\n ],\n [\n -119.44353261081429,\n 38.35710042889701\n ],\n [\n -120.2024708565354,\n 38.166222753255624\n ],\n [\n -120.45742667345743,\n 37.99820964775573\n ],\n [\n -119.61547955711029,\n 37.360016749403826\n ],\n [\n -118.85061210634456,\n 36.52123522076397\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maier, Paul A. 0000-0003-0851-8827","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8827","contributorId":221033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maier","given":"Paul A.","affiliations":[{"id":40313,"text":"Department of Biology, San Diego State","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571 avandergast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":3963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"avandergast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohonak, Andrew J.","contributorId":195156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohonak","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242068,"text":"70242068 - 2023 - Earth’s upper crust seismically excited by infrasound from the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption, Tonga","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T12:10:27.3548","indexId":"70242068","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-07T07:08:40","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth’s upper crust seismically excited by infrasound from the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption, Tonga","docAbstract":"Records of pressure variations on seismographs were historically considered unwanted noise; however, increased deployments of collocated seismic and acoustic instrumentation have driven recent efforts to use this effect induced by both wind and anthropogenic explosions to invert for near‐surface Earth structure. These studies have been limited to shallow structure because the pressure signals have relatively short wavelengths (<∼300 m). However, the 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (also called “Hunga”) volcano in Tonga generated rare, globally observed, high‐amplitude infrasound signals with acoustic wavelengths of tens of kilometers. In this study, we examine the acoustic‐to‐seismic coupling generated by the Hunga eruption across 82 Global Seismographic Network (GSN) stations and show that ground motion amplitudes are related to upper (0 to ∼5 km) crust material properties. We find high (>0.8) correlations between pressure and vertical component ground motion at 83% of the stations, but only 30% of stations show this on the radial component, likely due to complex tilt effects. We use average elastic properties in the upper 5.2 km from the CRUST1.0 model to estimate vertical seismic/acoustic coupling coefficients (
Precisely measuring the Earth’s changing surface on decadal to centennial time scales is critical for many science and engineering applications, yet long-term records of quantitative landscape change are often temporally and geographically sparse. Archives of scanned historical aerial photographs provide an opportunity to augment these records with accurate elevation measurements that capture the historical state of the Earth surface. Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry workflows produce high-quality digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthoimage mosaics from these historical images, but time-intensive tasks like manual image preprocessing (e.g., fiducial marker identification) and ground control point (GCP) selection impede processing at scale. We developed an automated method to process historical images and generate self-consistent time series of high-resolution (0.5–2 m) DEMs and orthomosaics, without manual GCP selection. The method relies on SfM to correct camera interior and exterior orientation and a robust multi-stage co-registration approach using modern reference terrain datasets for geolocation refinement. We demonstrate the method using scanned images from the North American Glacier Aerial Photography (NAGAP) archive collected between 1967 and 1997. We present results for two sites with variable photo acquisition geometry and overlap — Mount Baker and South Cascade Glacier in Washington State, USA. The automated method corrects initial camera position errors of several kilometers and produces accurately georeferenced, high-resolution DEMs and orthoimages, regardless of camera configuration, acquisition geometry, terrain characteristics, and reference DEM properties. The average RMS reprojection error following bundle adjustment optimization was 0.67 px (0.15 m) for the 261 images contributing to 10 final DEM mosaics between 1970 and 1992 at Mount Baker, and 0.65 px (0.13 m) for the 243 images contributing to 18 individual DEMs between 1967 and 1997 at South Cascade Glacier. The relative accuracy of elevation values in the historical time series stacks was 0.68 m at Mount Baker and 0.37 m at South Cascade Glacier. Our products have reduced systematic error and improved accuracy compared to DEM products generated using SfM with manual GCP selection. Final elevation change measurement precision was
Bird monitoring in North America over several decades has generated many open databases, housing millions of structured and semi-structured bird observations. These provide the opportunity to estimate bird densities and population sizes, once variation in factors such as underlying field methods, timing, land cover, proximity to roads, and uneven spatial coverage are accounted for. To facilitate integration across databases, we introduce NA-POPS: Point Count Offsets for Population Sizes of North American Landbirds. NA-POPS is a large-scale, multi-agency project providing an open-source database of detectability functions for all North American landbirds. These detectability functions allow the integration of data from across disparate survey methods using the QPAD approach, which considers the probability of detection (q) and availability (p) of birds in relation to area (a) and density (d). To date, NA-POPS has compiled over 7.1 million data points spanning 292 projects from across North America, and produced detectability functions for 338 landbird species. Here, we describe the methods used to curate these data and generate these detectability functions, as well as the open-access nature of the resulting database.
Climate change is affecting the distribution and productivity of Pacific salmon throughout their range. At high latitudes, warmer temperatures have been associated with increased freshwater growth of juvenile salmon, but it is not clear how long this trend will continue before further warming leads to reduced growth. To explore the potential influence of climate warming on juvenile Chinook and Coho Salmon summer growth rates in southcentral Alaska, we coupled bioenergetics models with temperature sensitivity models for streams across the Kenai River watershed.
We measured diet (n = 772 stomachs) and growth (n = 3,791 weight/length values) under current conditions and used published air temperature projections to model growth for the 2030–2039 and 2060–2069 decades.
We estimated direct effects of climate warming on juvenile growth (body mass at the end of May–September study period) will be primarily negative, ranging from +5.1% to −22.8% relative to a 2010–2019 baseline. Estimated effects depended on age cohort, feeding rate, and climate scenario. However, an extended growing season from warming could mitigate or offset predicted reductions in growth during midsummer.
Our results illustrate how diverse habitats are expected to produce variation in the magnitude of climate effects throughout juvenile salmon rearing environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10397","usgsCitation":"Meyer, B.E., Wipfli, M.S., Schoen, E.R., Rinella, D.J., and Falke, J.A., 2023, Landscape characteristics influence projected growth rates of stream-resident juvenile salmon in the face of climate change in the Kenai River watershed, south-central Alaska: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 152, no. 2, p. 169-186, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10397.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-118861","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.4549403294923,\n 60.880272178096675\n ],\n [\n -151.4549403294923,\n 59.98297350123735\n ],\n [\n -148.89064752578966,\n 59.98297350123735\n ],\n [\n -148.89064752578966,\n 60.880272178096675\n ],\n [\n -151.4549403294923,\n 60.880272178096675\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"152","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, B. E.","contributorId":337257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wipfli, M. S.","contributorId":337258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wipfli","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoen, E. R.","contributorId":337259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rinella, D. J.","contributorId":337260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rinella","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70239254,"text":"70239254 - 2023 - Geochemistry and fluxes of gases from hydrothermal features at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T15:16:44.498624","indexId":"70239254","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-05T09:12:22","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and fluxes of gases from hydrothermal features at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"We present the chemical and isotopic compositions of gases and fluxes of CO2 from the hydrothermal features of Newberry Volcano, a large composite volcano located in Oregon's Cascade Range with a summit caldera that hosts two lakes, Paulina and East Lakes. Gas samples were collected from 1982 to 2021 from Paulina Hot Springs (PHS) on the shore of Paulina Lake, East Lake Hot Springs (ELHS) on the shore of East Lake, and Obsidian Flow Gas Seep (OFGS), an area of diffuse gas emissions. Surveys of CO2 flux were conducted in 2020 at OFGS (1400 m2) and East Lake (4.1 km2). Gases from all three sites were CO2-rich (≥79 mol% in dry gas) but showed considerable compositional variability over time due to interaction with ground and surface water. An increase in H2S concentrations and decline in CO2/H2S ratios in ELHS gases coincided with a drop in East Lake water level from 1999 to 2021. ELHS and OFGS gases were high in CH4 relative to PHS and the δ13C of CH4 values for ELHS gases (−72.2 and − 63.6 ‰) reflected a predominantly biogenic origin. The dominant source of N2 and Ar in PHS, ELHS, and OFGS samples was likely groundwater. Helium isotopic ratios (6.47 to 8.02 Rc/Ra) support a persistent source of magmatic He beneath Newberry caldera and consistently high values measured at OFGS and PHS relative to ELHS suggest distinct fluid flow paths from depth to the surface features. The δ13C of CO2 and CO2/3He values (−8.9 to −5.35 ‰ and 1.3 × 109 to 4.6 × 1010, respectively) measured in gases reflect contributions of CO2 from both mantle and crustal sources. Measured CO2 fluxes at OFGS and East Lake ranged from 1 to 8808 and < 1 to 364 g m−2 d−1, respectively. A CO2 emission rate of 0.5 t d−1 was calculated for OFGS. The CO2 emission rate estimated for East Lake was 30 t d−1 and when compared to prior estimates, reflects steady-state lake degassing. An enhanced geochemical monitoring plan, including annual sampling of gases at ELHS, OFGS, and PHS for geochemical analysis, installation of a continuous lake-level monitoring station at East Lake, and annual CO2 flux surveys at OFGS, would provide valuable background data and insights into any precursor volcanic activity. Integrating geochemical data with data from the real-time seismic and GPS network at Newberry Volcano could better resolve and interpret potential changes in its magma-hydrothermal system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107729","usgsCitation":"Lewicki, J.L., Evans, W.C., Ingebritsen, S.E., Clor, L., Kelly, P.J., Peek, S., Jensen, R.A., and Hunt, A., 2023, Geochemistry and fluxes of gases from hydrothermal features at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 433, 107729, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107729.","productDescription":"107729, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142077","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107729","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":411629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.4446630583071,\n 43.958977799999275\n ],\n [\n -121.4446630583071,\n 43.4616991485112\n ],\n [\n -121.0217250470551,\n 43.4616991485112\n ],\n [\n -121.0217250470551,\n 43.958977799999275\n ],\n [\n -121.4446630583071,\n 43.958977799999275\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewicki, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-1994-9104 jlewicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-9104","contributorId":5071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewicki","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlewicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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2023 - Future direction of fuels management in sagebrush rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T14:39:39.210498","indexId":"70239272","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-05T08:39:08","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future direction of fuels management in sagebrush rangelands","docAbstract":"Sagebrush ecosystems in the United States have been declining since EuroAmerican settlement, largely due to agricultural and urban development, invasive species, and altered fire regimes, resulting in loss of biodiversity and wildlife habitat. To combat continued conversion to undesirable ecological states and loss of habitat to invasive species fueled by frequent fire, a variety of fuel treatments, including networks of fuel breaks, are being implemented or proposed in sagebrush ecosystems, particularly in and around the Great Basin. In this forum paper we briefly review current knowledge of common fuel treatment approaches, their intended benefits, potential risks, and limitations. We additionally discuss challenges for fuel treatment strategies in the context of changes in climate, invasive species, wildlife habitat, and human population, and we explore how advances in geospatial technologies, monitoring, and fire behavior modeling, as well as accounting for social context, can improve the efficacy of fuels management in sagebrush ecosystems. Finally, given continued potential for ecosystem transformation, we describe approaches to future fuels management by considering the applicability of the Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD) framework. The intent of the paper is to provide scientists and land managers with key information and a forward-thinking framework for fuels science and adaptive management that can respond to both expected and unexpected changes in sagebrush rangelands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2022.10.009","usgsCitation":"Shinneman, D.J., Strand, E., Pellant, M., Abatzoglou, J.T., Brunson, M.W., Glenn, N., Heinrichs, J., Sadegh, M., and Vaillant, N., 2023, Future direction of fuels management in sagebrush rangelands: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 86, p. 50-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2022.10.009.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-136593","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/geo_facpubs/704","text":"External Repository"},{"id":411487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strand, Eva","contributorId":82611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strand","given":"Eva","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pellant, Mike","contributorId":178257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pellant","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":860968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abatzoglou, John T.","contributorId":191729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abatzoglou","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":33345,"text":" University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brunson, Mark W.","contributorId":195697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":860970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glenn, Nancy","contributorId":181558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":860971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heinrichs, Julie A. 0000-0001-7733-5034","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-5034","contributorId":240888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heinrichs","given":"Julie A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sadegh, Mojtaba","contributorId":298279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sadegh","given":"Mojtaba","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vaillant, Nicole","contributorId":140987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaillant","given":"Nicole","affiliations":[{"id":13638,"text":"Western Wildland environmental threat assessment Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70238758,"text":"70238758 - 2023 - Modeling the dynamic penetration depth of post-1950s water in unconfined aquifers using environmental tracers: Central Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-07T13:11:33.679909","indexId":"70238758","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-05T07:09:26","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the dynamic penetration depth of post-1950s water in unconfined aquifers using environmental tracers: Central Valley, California","docAbstract":"The penetration depth of post-1950s recharge (D-1950) in aquifers is a marker that is frequently used to identify groundwater that is susceptible to anthropogenic contamination. Here, we compute D-1950 values at wells, interpolate them in space, and project them across time to map the moving front of modern recharge in four dimensions in the Central Valley aquifer system, California, USA. Tracers of groundwater age (tritium, carbon-14, noble gases, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons) were collected at 650 wells spatially distributed throughout the Central Valley and were fit to a lumped-parameter model that assumes a logarithmic age-depth profile in the aquifer. For samples where tritium was present (>0.3 tritium units), the model was used to predict D-1950 at wells screened above or across the modern-premodern interface (n = 484). Wells with samples where tritium was absent (≤0.3 tritium units) were used to define the depth beyond which groundwater is completely premodern (n = 166). Predicted D-1950 values were below the depth of screen bottoms for wells where groundwater is completely modern, and above the depth of screen tops for wells where groundwater is completely premodern. The interpolated surface of D-1950 is dynamic, less prone to extreme values, and produces maps with lower interpolation errors due to a higher spatial density of wells than maps based on the depth of premodern groundwater. Between 2005 and 2025, D-1950 is expected to deepen by 11 and 12 m in the northern and southern parts of the Central Valley, respectively. Areas where D-1950 increases rapidly are likely to see increases in nitrate and other anthropogenic contaminants associated with the downward moving front of modern water.
Riparian plants can exhibit intraspecific phenotypic variability across the landscape related to temperature and flooding gradients. Phenotypes that vary across a climate gradient are often partly genetically determined and may differ in their response to inundation. Changes to inundation patterns across a climate gradient could thus result in site-specific inundation responses. Phenotypic variability is more often studied in riparian trees, yet riparian shrubs are key elements of riparian systems and may differ from trees in phenotypic variability and environmental responses.
We tested if individuals of a clonal, riparian shrub, Pluchea sericea, collected from provenances spanning a temperature gradient differed in their phenotypes and responses to inundation and to what degree such differences were related to genotype. Plants were subjected to different inundation depths and a subset genotyped. Variables related to growth and resource acquisition were measured and analyzed using hierarchical, multivariate Bayesian linear regressions.
Individuals from different provenances differed in their phenotypes, but not in their response to inundation. Phenotypes were not related to provenance temperature but were partially governed by genotype. Growth was more strongly influenced by inundation, while resource acquisition was more strongly controlled by genotype.
Growth and resource acquisition responses in a clonal, riparian shrub are affected by changes to inundation and plant demographics in unique ways. Shrubs appear to differ from trees in their responses to environmental change. Understanding environmental effects on shrubs separately from those of trees will be a key part of evaluating environmental change impacts on riparian ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16115","usgsCitation":"Palmquist, E.C., Ogle, K., Whitham, T.G., Allan, G.J., Shafroth, P., and Butterfield, B.J., 2023, Provenance, genotype, and flooding influence growth and resource acquisition characteristics in a clonal, riparian shrub: American Journal of Botany, v. 110, no. 2, e16115, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16115.","productDescription":"e16115, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141477","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445175,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16115","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435553,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9412RYV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Arrowweed (Pluchea sericea) morphological and physiological response data from a greenhouse inundation experiment"},{"id":410282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmquist, Emily C. 0000-0003-1069-2154 epalmquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-2154","contributorId":5669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Emily","email":"epalmquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogle, Kiona","contributorId":248351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogle","given":"Kiona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":858569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitham, Thomas G.","contributorId":174327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitham","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":27416,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Nothern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allan, Gerard J.","contributorId":189075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allan","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":858571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":225182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butterfield, Bradley J. 0000-0003-0974-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9811","contributorId":167009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24591,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70238826,"text":"70238826 - 2023 - Learning from arid and urban aquatic ecosystems to inform more sustainable and resilient futures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T12:52:49.994084","indexId":"70238826","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-02T06:50:49","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Learning from arid and urban aquatic ecosystems to inform more sustainable and resilient futures","docAbstract":"The hydrology and aquatic ecology of arid environments has long been understudied relative to temperate regions. Yet spatially and temporally intermittent and ephemeral waters characterized by flashy hydrographs typify arid regions that comprise a substantial proportion of the Earth. Additionally, drought, intense storms, and human modification of landscapes increasingly affect many temperate regions, resulting in hydrologic regimes more similar to aridlands. Here we review the contributions of Dr. Nancy Grimm to aridland hydrology and ecology, and applications of these insights to urban ecosystems and resilience of social-ecological-technological systems. Grimm catalyzed study of nitrogen cycling in streams and characterized feedbacks between surface water-groundwater exchange, nitrogen transformations, and aquatic biota. In aridlands, outcomes of these interactions depend on short- and long-term variation in the hydrologic regime. Grimm and colleagues applied hydrological and biogeochemical insights gained from study of aridland streams to urban ecosystems, integrating engineering, social and behavioral sciences, and geography. These studies evolved from characterizing the spatial heterogeneity of urban systems (i.e., watersheds, novel aquatic systems) and its influence on nutrient dynamics to an approach that evaluated human decision-making as a driver of disturbance regimes and changes in ecosystem function. Finally, Grimm and colleagues have applied principles of urban ecology to look toward the future of cities, considering scenarios of sustainable and resilient futures. We identify cross-cutting themes and approaches that have motivated discoveries across Grimm’s multi-decadal career, including spatial and temporal heterogeneity, hydrologic connectivity and regime, disturbance, systems thinking, and resilience. Finally, we emphasize Grimm’s broad contributions to science via support of long-term research, dedication to mentoring, and extensive collaborations that facilitated transdisciplinary research.
The mining industry, in most cases, targets a specific valuable commodity that is present in small quantities within large volumes of extracted material. After milling and processing, most of the extracted material and the effluents are stored as waste (tailings) in impoundments, such as dams or waste dumps, or are backfilled into underground mines. In time, tailing materials may become an issue of environmental and health concern due to the hazardous elements, ions, and oxides contained within the waste material. In addition, handling and storage of such waste in dams may pose the risk of dam failure with catastrophic consequences to nature and nearby communities. On the other hand, tailings may offer potential as secondary sources of critical elements (CEs), including rare earth elements (REEs), which may have been overlooked during primary production and processing. Therefore, treating mine tailings as a resource has economic and environmental benefits by reducing the waste from new and historical mine sites through remining. One of the critical steps for taking advantage of these benefits is to spatially quantify the resources and the pollutants, which require the application of adequate data analysis and modeling methods, often to compositional geochemical data. Utilizing adequate methods is especially important for correctly quantifying resource potential, as the quantities will often be at low concentrations.
This work presents quantification of resource potential (Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb) and elements of environmental concern (Hg and As) from the tailings of a historic mine site, Katherine Mine, AZ, USA. Data reported by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) after extensive field campaigns in the 1990s, including sampling from tailing impoundment and surrounding areas for geochemical characterization and geophysical surveys, were used. First, compositional data (CoDa) analysis was employed to explore associations of sampling locations, geochemical parts, and the clustering of samples. Next, sequential Gaussian simulation (SGSIM) was applied to samples that showed a genetic link to tailing material after isometric log-ratio transformation (ilr) and mix/max autocorrelation factor (MAF) transformation for spatial modeling and uncertainty evaluation. Geostatistical results revealed spatial variability of concentrations within the tailing area. Uncertainty evaluation based on realizations indicated that Cu (14.27–20.01 t), Zn (44.23–76.23 t), and Pb (22.56–38.28 t) are the most abundant elements within a 5 %–95 % interval, followed by Ag and Au (~5.3 and 0.18 t, at 50th percentile), respectively. Of the elements of health concern, As was found to be ~4.8 t (50th percentile) in the tailing area. The work also showed that ~0.51 t As, 0.005 t Hg, 0.020 t of Au, and 0.62 t of Ag were carried to Lake Mohave by an ephemeral stream called Katherine Wash, which transects the tailings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2022.107142","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C.O., Erten, O., and Martin-Fernandez, J.A., 2023, Assessment of resource potential from mine tailings using geostatistical modeling for compositions: A methodology and application to Katherine Mine site, Arizona, USA: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 245, 107142, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2022.107142.","productDescription":"107142, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142163","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Katherine Mine site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.66102965470434,\n 35.592576061702815\n ],\n [\n -114.66102965470434,\n 35.179363749635115\n ],\n [\n -114.1226599998257,\n 35.179363749635115\n ],\n [\n -114.1226599998257,\n 35.592576061702815\n ],\n [\n -114.66102965470434,\n 35.592576061702815\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"245","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, C. Ozgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":201991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozgen","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erten, Oktay","contributorId":300145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erten","given":"Oktay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin-Fernandez, Josep Antoni","contributorId":300146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin-Fernandez","given":"Josep","email":"","middleInitial":"Antoni","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70256602,"text":"70256602 - 2023 - Differential hypoxia tolerance of eastern oysters from the northern Gulf of Mexico at elevated temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-23T16:39:24.755117","indexId":"70256602","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-01T11:33:17","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential hypoxia tolerance of eastern oysters from the northern Gulf of Mexico at elevated temperature","docAbstract":"Increasing prevalence of hypoxia in shallow waters of U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GoM) estuaries can pose a serious threat to eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Their tolerance to hypoxia, however, is not well characterized, especially at elevated temperatures (>30 °C) typical of GoM estuaries in summer. Moreover, it is unknown whether differences in hypoxia tolerance exist between GoM oyster populations growing in estuaries differing in local environmental conditions. Wild oyster broodstocks were collected from four estuarine sites in Texas (Packery Channel, PC and Aransas Bay, AB) and Louisiana (Calcasieu Lake, CL and Vermilion Bay, VB) and their adult progenies (F1) were tested (Study 1) under continuous hypoxia (<2.0 mg O2 L−1) at 32 °C. Significant differences in hypoxia tolerance were found between F1 populations with calculated median lethal time (LT50) ranging from 3.9 to 12.5 days. PC and CL oysters were the most and least tolerant populations, respectively. The study was repeated twice more (Studies 2 and 3) using PC and CL oysters, and their responses at the organismic, cellular, and biochemical levels were investigated. Valve movement was monitored, and oysters were sampled to measure hemocyte density, plasma protein, calcium and glutathione concentrations, and digestive gland alanine and succinate concentrations after either 3–5 days (Study 2) or 1–3 days (Study 3) of hypoxia exposure. From the onset of hypoxia until their death, oysters stayed opened 13–32% of the time compared to 53–64% under normoxia, but no differences between populations were detected under hypoxia. PC oyster but not CL oyster plasma glutathione concentrations increased significantly in both studies. Under longer (3–5 days) hypoxia exposure, plasma calcium and glutathione concentrations of PC oysters were significantly higher than CL oysters. These results suggest PC oysters were better able to protect tissues against acidosis and oxidative damage during hypoxia and high temperature stress than CL oysters. Overall, our results indicate that oyster populations originating from the GoM vary in their response to hypoxia and high temperature stress and possess differential tolerance.
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Hydrology, lateral connectivity, and stable isotope ratios of fishes and mussels were analyzed for evidence of spatial food web subsidies between the active channel and oxbow lakes in the floodplain of the Guadalupe River, Texas. During surveys conducted between March 2016 and April 2017, fish, mussel, periphyton, seston, and riparian plant samples were collected in and around two oxbows and adjacent channel sites for analysis of stable isotope ratios. Biplots of δ13C and δ15N were graphed for basal sources and specimens of six common fish species, four sunfish species (Lepomis spp. combined), and two mussel species (Unionidae combined) captured from oxbows and the channel. Within each graph, polygons were drawn to indicate the space occupied by animals that could have assimilated feasible combinations of source materials originating from either oxbows or the river channel. Based on positions of animals within source polygons, riparian C4 grasses were not an important source of organic matter supporting biomass of fishes and mussels within the channel or oxbows. Overall, 84% of organisms had isotopic signatures consistent with assimilation of in situ sources, but also 76% of all organisms were inconclusive with regards to cross-habitat exchanges. Outliers that may have assimilated ex situ source material were observed for only 4% of 313 organisms from oxbows and 9% of 232 organisms from the channel, and some but not all of these cases followed high flow pulses that connected oxbows for extended periods. Several issues that compromise inferences from stable isotope analysis were identified, and estimation of spatial food web subsidies in fluvial systems could be enhanced by analyzing additional biomarkers, such as isotopic ratios of other elements and compound-specific stable isotopes, as well as additional sources, time-specific biotracers, and experimental approaches that directly track movement of sources and organisms in spatially structured food webs.
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