{"pageNumber":"3163","pageRowStart":"79050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184884,"records":[{"id":45050,"text":"wri20014083 - 2001 - Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Comerio, Puerto Rico, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri20014083","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4083","title":"Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Comerio, Puerto Rico, 1997-99","docAbstract":"To meet the increasing need for a safe and adequate supply of water in the municipio of Comerio, an integrated surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the area was conducted. The major results of this study and other important hydrologic and water-quality features were compiled in a Geographic Information System, and are presented in two 1:30,000-scale map plates to facilitate interpretation and use of the diverse water-resource data. \r\n\r\nBecause the supply of safe drinking water was a critical issue during recent dry periods, the surface-water assessment portion of this study focused on analysis of low-flow characteristics in local streams and rivers. Low-flow characteristics were evaluated at one continuous-record gaging station based on graphical curve-fitting techniques and log-Pearson Type III frequency curves. Estimates of low-flow characteristics for 13 partial-record stations were generated using graphical-correlation techniques. Flow-duration characteristics for the continuous- and partial-record stations were estimated using the relation curves developed for the low-flow study. Stream low-flow statistics document the general hydrology under current land- and water-use conditions. \r\n\r\nA sanitary quality survey of streams utilized 24 sampling stations to evaluate about 84 miles of stream channels with drainage to or within the municipio of Comerio. River and stream samples for fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus analyses were collected on two occasions at base-flow conditions to evaluate the sanitary quality of streams. Bacteriological analyses indicate that about 27 miles of stream reaches within the municipio of Comerio may have fecal coliform bacteria concentrations above the water-quality goal established by the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board (Junta de Calidad Ambiental de Puerto Rico) for inland surface waters. Sources of fecal contamination may include illegal discharge of sewage to storm-water drains, malfunction of sanitary sewer ejectors, clogged and leaking sewage pipes, septic tank leakage, unfenced livestock, runoff from livestock pens, and seepage from pits containing animal wastes. Long-term fecal coliform data at two sampling stations on the Rio de la Plata indicate that since 1984, the geometric mean of five consecutive samples commonly has been at or below 2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters (established as the sanitary quality goal in Puerto Rico for Class SD type waters). At the sampling station upstream of Comerio, the geometric mean concentration has been near 500 colonies per 100 milliliters; downstream of the town of Comerio, the geometric mean concentration has been near 2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters concentration. The data at these stations also indicate that fecal coliform concentrations increase commonly above 2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters during storm-runoff events, ranging from 1,000 to 100,000 colonies per 100 milliliters at both stations. \r\n\r\nGeologic, topographic, soil, hydrogeologic, and streamflow data were used to divide the municipio of Comerio into five hydrogeologic terranes. The integrated database was then used to evaluate the ground-water development potential of each hydrogeologic terrane. Analysis suggests that areas with slopes greater than 15 degrees have relatively low ground-water development potential. Fractures may be important locally in enhancing the water-bearing properties in the hydrogeologic terranes containing igneous rocks. \r\n\r\nThe integrated hydrogeologic approach used in this study can serve as an important tool for regulatory agencies of Puerto Rico and the municipio of Comerio to evaluate the ground-water resource development potential, examine ground- and surface-water interaction, and determine the effect of land-use practices on ground-water quantity and quality. \r\n\r\nStream low-flow statistics document the general hydrology under current land and water uses. Low-flow characteristics may substantially change as a re","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri20014083","collaboration":"In cooperation with the\r\nMUNICIPIO OF COMERIO, PUERTO RICO, OFFICE OF THE MAYOR","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Martínez, J., Gómez-Gómez, F., Santiago-Rivera, L., and Oliveras-Feliciano, M., 2001, Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Comerio, Puerto Rico, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4083, v, 41 p. : map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014083.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. : map ; 28 cm.","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9254,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4083/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 67.25,17.75 ], [ 67.25,18.50 ], [ 66.75,18.50 ], [ 66.75,17.75 ], [ 67.25,17.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santiago-Rivera, Luis","contributorId":83888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santiago-Rivera","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oliveras-Feliciano, M. L.","contributorId":54959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliveras-Feliciano","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":45012,"text":"wri014112 - 2001 - Geochemistry and origins of mineralized waters in the Floridan aquifer system, northeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:55","indexId":"wri014112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4112","title":"Geochemistry and origins of mineralized waters in the Floridan aquifer system, northeastern Florida","docAbstract":"Increases in chloride concentration have been observed in water from numerous wells tapping the Floridan aquifer system in northeastern Florida. Although most increases have been in the eastern part of Duval County, Florida, no spatial pattern in elevated chloride concentrations is discernible. Possible sources of the mineralized water include modern seawater intrusion; unflushed Miocene-to-Pleistocene-age seawater or connate water in aquifer sediments; or mineralized water from deeper zones of the aquifer system or from formations beneath the Floridan aquifer system. The purpose of this study was to document the chemical and isotopic characteristics of water samples from various aquifer zones, and from geochemical and hydrogeologic data, to infer the source of the increased mineralization. \r\n\r\nWater samples were collected from 53 wells in northeastern Florida during 1997-1999. Wells tapped various zones of the aquifer including: the Fernandina permeable zone (FPZ), the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer (UZLF), the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA), and both the UFA and the UZLF. Water samples were analyzed for major ions and trace constituents and for isotopes of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, strontium, chlorine, and boron. Samples of rock from the aquifer were analyzed for isotopes of oxygen, carbon, and strontium. \r\n\r\nIn general, water from various aquifer zones cannot be differentiated based on chemistry, except for water from FPZ wells. Major-ion concentrations vary as much within the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer and the Upper Floridan aquifer as between these two zones. Simple models of mixing between fresh ground water and either modern seawater or water from the FPZ as a mineralized end member show that many water samples from the UZLF aquifer and the UFA are enriched in bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, fluoride, and silica and are depleted in sodium and potassium (as compared to concentrations predicted by simple mixing). Chemical mass-balance models of mixing and reactions between a hypothetical initial seawater and aquifer minerals cannot account for the observed water chemistry in a few wells, implying a source other than seawater, either ancient or modern, or the occurrence of other more complex rock-water reactions. \r\n\r\nHydrogeologic and geochemical data from water and aquifer samples indicate that the most likely source of mineralized water in some wells yielding water with increasing chloride concentrations is water from the FPZ. In other wells, the flushing of Miocene-to-Pleistocene-age seawater can account for the observed chloride concentrations. The fact that most of the water samples collected are a mixture of less than one percent of mineralized water with more than 99 percent fresh or recharge water makes identifying the source of the mineralized water difficult. Differences in carbon-14 and sulfur-34 values probably reflect areal differences in aquifer mineralogy and distribution of organic carbon related to paleokarst features. Geochemical mass-balance models of seawater-rock interaction are unable to account for the chemical and isotopic composition of mineralized water from the FPZ, which implies another source of mineralized water, such as a brine, or the occurrence of more complex water-rock reactions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014112","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.G., 2001, Geochemistry and origins of mineralized waters in the Floridan aquifer system, northeastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4112, vi, 64 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014112.","productDescription":"vi, 64 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab72c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28119,"text":"wri004270 - 2001 - Ground-water quality and geohydrology of the Blue Ridge physiographic province, New River basin, Virginia and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:21:44","indexId":"wri004270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4270","title":"Ground-water quality and geohydrology of the Blue Ridge physiographic province, New River basin, Virginia and North Carolina","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004270","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., Sheets, C.J., and Hughes, C.A., 2001, Ground-water quality and geohydrology of the Blue Ridge physiographic province, New River basin, Virginia and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4270, v, 36 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004270.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"New River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n        \"stroke-width\": 2,\n        \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n        \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n        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,{"id":54708,"text":"wdrMO001 - 2001 - Water resources data, Missouri, water year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-21T18:39:53.600054","indexId":"wdrMO001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MO-00-1","title":"Water resources data, Missouri, water year 2000","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrMO001","usgsCitation":"Hauck, H., and Nagel, C., 2001, Water resources data, Missouri, water year 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MO-00-1, xvi, 430 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMO001.","productDescription":"xvi, 430 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,{"id":47750,"text":"wri014105 - 2001 - Sedimentation survey of Lago Lucchetti, Puerto Rico, March 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-06T10:18:20","indexId":"wri014105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4105","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago Lucchetti, Puerto Rico, March 2000","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014105","usgsCitation":"Soler-Laopez, L.R., 2001, Sedimentation survey of Lago Lucchetti, Puerto Rico, March 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4105, Report: v, 22 p.; 2 Plates: 22.08 x 23.99 inches and 22.27 x 24.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014105.","productDescription":"Report: v, 22 p.; 2 Plates: 22.08 x 23.99 inches and 22.27 x 24.28 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366210,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4105/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366209,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4105/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366208,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4105/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.87995910644531,\n              18.09038078505329\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.85249328613281,\n              18.09038078505329\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.85249328613281,\n              18.105718638525264\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.87995910644531,\n              18.105718638525264\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.87995910644531,\n              18.09038078505329\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbbe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Laopez, Luis R.","contributorId":30677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Laopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50062,"text":"fs06501 - 2001 - Biological Soil Crusts: Webs of Life in the Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T19:28:57","indexId":"fs06501","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"065-01","title":"Biological Soil Crusts: Webs of Life in the Desert","docAbstract":"Although the soil surface may look like dirt to you, it is full of living organisms that are a vital part of desert ecosystems.  This veneer of life is called a biological soil  crust. These crusts are found throughout the world, from hot deserts to polar regions. Crusts generally cover all soil spaces not occupied by green plants. In many areas, they comprise over 70% of the living ground cover and are key in reducing erosion, increasing water retention, and increasing soil fertility. In most dry regions, these crusts are dominated by cyanobacteria (previously called blue-green algae), which are one of the oldest known life forms. Communities of soil crusts also include lichens, mosses, microfungi, bacteria, and green algae.\n\nThese living organisms and their by-products create a continuous crust on the soil surface. The general color, surface appearance, and amount of coverage of these crusts vary depending on climate and disturbance patterns.\n\nImmature crusts are generally flat and the color of the soil, which makes them difficult to distinguish from bare ground. Mature crusts, in contrast, are usually bumpy and dark-colored due to the presence of lichens, mosses, and  high densities of cyanobacteria and other organisms.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs06501","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., 2001, Biological Soil Crusts: Webs of Life in the Desert: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 065-01, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06501.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_065_01.jpg"},{"id":4255,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0065/pdf/fs065-01.pdf","size":"304","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":270227,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0065/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624110","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50061,"text":"fs05001 - 2001 - Water quality in the Yukon River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:02:13","indexId":"fs05001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"050-01","displayTitle":"Water Quality in the Yukon River Basin","title":"Water quality in the Yukon River basin","docAbstract":"The Yukon River Basin, which encompasses 330,000 square miles in northwestern Canada and central Alaska (Fig. 1), is one of the largest and most diverse ecosystems in North America. The Yukon River is also fundamental to the ecosystems of the eastern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, providing most of the freshwater runoff, sediments, and dissolved solutes. Despite its remoteness and perceived invulnerability, the Yukon River Basin is changing. For example, records of air temperature during 1961-1990 indicate a warming trend of about 0.75 deg C per decade at latitudes where the Yukon River is located. Increases in temperature will have wide-ranging effects on permafrost distribution, glacial runoff and the movement of carbon and nutrients within and from the basin. In addition, Alaska has many natural resources such as timber, minerals, gas, and oil that may be developed in future years. As a consequence of these changes, several issues of scientific and cultural concern have come to the forefront. At present, water quality data for the Yukon River Basin are very limited. This fact sheet describes a program to provide the data that are needed to address these issues.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs05001","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., Hooper, R., and Landa, E., 2001, Water quality in the Yukon River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 050-01, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05001.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_050_01.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168,58 ], [ -168,70 ], [ -128,70 ], [ -128,58 ], [ -168,58 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa112","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, Rick","contributorId":75213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landa, Ed","contributorId":83594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Ed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54250,"text":"wdrNHVT001 - 2001 - Water resources data for New Hampshire and Vermont, water year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"wdrNHVT001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NH-VT-00-1","title":"Water resources data for New Hampshire and Vermont, water year 2000","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2000 water year for New Hampshire and Vermont consists of stage, discharge, and water quality\r\nof streams; contents of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report contains discharge records for 76 gaging\r\nstations, stage records for 5 lakes, monthend contents for 2 lakes and reservoirs, water levels for 28 observation wells. Also\r\nincluded are data for 43 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, which are not\r\npart of the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements or under Supplemental\r\nNational Water-Quality Assessment Data for Gaging Stations in New Hampshire and Vermont. A few pertinent stations in\r\nbordering states are also included in this report. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System operated\r\nby the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Hampshire and Vermont.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrNHVT001","usgsCitation":"Coakley, M., Keirstead, C., Brown, R.O., and Kiah, R.G., 2001, Water resources data for New Hampshire and Vermont, water year 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NH-VT-00-1, 208 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNHVT001.","productDescription":"208 p.","temporalStart":"1999-10-01","temporalEnd":"2000-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5356,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdrnh001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2a3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coakley, M.F.","contributorId":25228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coakley","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keirstead, Chandlee","contributorId":10862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keirstead","given":"Chandlee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Robert O. robrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":3942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Robert","email":"robrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":249661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiah, Richard G. 0000-0001-6236-2507 rkiah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-2507","contributorId":2637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiah","given":"Richard","email":"rkiah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54464,"text":"wdrCT001 - 2001 - Water Resources Data, Connecticut, Water Year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:38","indexId":"wdrCT001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CT-00-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Connecticut, Water Year 2000","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCT001","usgsCitation":"Ranzau, C., Davies, B., Frick, T., and Organek, J., 2001, Water Resources Data, Connecticut, Water Year 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CT-00-1, 333 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCT001.","productDescription":"333 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5555,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ct.water.usgs.gov/annual.data/WY2000/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbcd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranzau, C.E. Jr.","contributorId":41831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranzau","given":"C.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, B.S. III","contributorId":72413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"B.S.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frick, T.W.","contributorId":90329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Organek, J.A.","contributorId":49852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Organek","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54275,"text":"wdrSC001 - 2001 - Water resources data, South Carolina, water year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T16:42:18.151153","indexId":"wdrSC001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"SC-00-1","title":"Water resources data, South Carolina, water year 2000","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2000 water year for South Carolina consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report contains discharge records for 120 gaging stations; stage-only records for 39 gaging stations; stage and contents for 15 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 38 gaging stations; and water levels for 46 observation wells. Also included are data for 52 crest-stage partial-record stations and discharge measurements at 7 miscellaneous sites. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous investigations of water quality. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in South Carolina.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrSC001","usgsCitation":"Cooney, T., Drewes, P., Ellisor, S., and Melendez, F., 2001, Water resources data, South Carolina, water year 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report SC-00-1, xvi, 645 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrSC001.","productDescription":"xvi, 645 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374774,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/sc-00-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/sc-00-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0b6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooney, T.W.","contributorId":25194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooney","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drewes, P.A.","contributorId":31022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewes","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellisor, S.W.","contributorId":100930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellisor","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melendez, F.","contributorId":91922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melendez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54285,"text":"wdrMDDEDC001 - 2001 - Water resources data, Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2000, volume 1. surface-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"wdrMDDEDC001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-DC-00-1","title":"Water resources data, Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2000, volume 1. surface-water data","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2000 water year for Maryland and Delaware consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs. This volume (Volume 1. Surface-Water Data) contains records for water discharge at 121 gaging stations; stage and contents of 1 reservoir; and water quality at 21 gaging stations. Also included are stage and discharge for 3 creststage partial-record stations, discharge only for 27 low-flow partial-record stations, and stage only for 5 tidal crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDEDC001","usgsCitation":"James, R.W., Saffer, R.W., and Tallman, A.J., 2001, Water resources data, Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2000, volume 1. surface-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-DC-00-1, 525 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMDDEDC001.","productDescription":"525 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5399,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-md-de-dc-00-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Robert W. Jr.","contributorId":77514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, Richard W.","contributorId":79951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tallman, Anthony J.","contributorId":56275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tallman","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54235,"text":"wdrMARI001 - 2001 - Water Resources Data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:56","indexId":"wdrMARI001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MA-RI-00-1","title":"Water Resources Data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2000","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMARI001","usgsCitation":"Socolow, R., Whitley, J., Murino, D., and Ramsbey, L., 2001, Water Resources Data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MA-RI-00-1, 459 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMARI001.","productDescription":"459 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5345,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdrma00/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fceab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Socolow, R.S.","contributorId":17639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolow","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitley, J.S.","contributorId":62670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitley","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murino, Domenic Jr.","contributorId":42649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murino","given":"Domenic","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsbey, L.R.","contributorId":78393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsbey","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30955,"text":"wri014134 - 2001 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of pesticides in water by graphitized carbon-based solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-18T19:47:58.051835","indexId":"wri014134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4134","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of pesticides in water by graphitized carbon-based solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p>In 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) developed and implemented a graphitized carbon-based solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic analytical method to determine polar pesticide concentrations in surface- and ground-water samples. Subsequently, the NWQL developed a complementary analysis that uses high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to detect, identify, and quantify polar pesticides and pesticide metabolites in filtered water at concentrations as low as 10 nanograms per liter. This new method was designed to improve sensitivity and selectivity over the prior method, and to reduce known interferences from natural organic matter.</p><p>In this new method, pesticides are extracted from filtered water samples by useing a 0.5-gram graphitized carbon-based solid-phase extraction cartridge, eluted from the cartridge, and concentrations determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. The upper concentration limit is 1.000 microgram per liter (<span>μ</span><span>g</span>/L) for most compounds. Single-operator method detection limits in organic-free water samples fortified with pesticides at a concentration of 0.025 μg/L ranged from 0.0019 to 0.022 <span>μ</span><span>g</span>/L for all compounds in the method. The grand mean (mean of mean recoveries for individual compounds) recoveries in organic-free water samples ranged from 72 to 89 percent, fortified with pesticides at three concentrations between 0.025 and 0.5 <span>μ</span><span>g</span>/L. Grand mean recoveries in ground- and surface-water samples ranged from 46 to 119 percent, also fortified with pesticides at three concentrations between 0.025 and 0.5 <span>μ</span><span>g</span>/L. Long-term recoveries from reagent water spikes were used to demonstrate that 38 of 65 compounds can be reported without qualification of the quantitative result across the analytical range of the method. The remaining 27 are reported with qualified estimates of concentration because of greater variability of recovery.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014134","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Anderson, B.D., Werner, S.L., Soliven, P.P., Coffey, L.J., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2001, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of pesticides in water by graphitized carbon-based solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4134, vii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014134.","productDescription":"vii, 73 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4134/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Bruce D.","contributorId":89188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, Stephen L. slwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","email":"slwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soliven, Paul P.","contributorId":56276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soliven","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coffey, Laura J. ljcoffey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffey","given":"Laura","email":"ljcoffey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":44641,"text":"wri014077 - 2001 - Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:01","indexId":"wri014077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4077","title":"Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program is designed to assess current water-quality conditions, changes in water quality over time, and the effects of natural and human factors on water quality for the Nation's streams and ground-water resources. For streams, one of the most difficult parts of the assessment is to link chemical conditions to effects on aquatic biota, particularly for pesticides, which tend to occur in streams as complex mixtures with strong seasonal patterns. A Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) was developed that combines pesticide exposure of aquatic biota (measured concentrations of pesticides in stream water) with toxicity estimates (standard endpoints from laboratory bioassays) to produce a single index value for a sample or site. The development of the PTI was limited to pesticide compounds routinely measured in NAWQA studies and to toxicity data readily available from existing databases. Qualifying toxicity data were found for one or more types of test organisms for 75 of the 83 pesticide compounds measured in NAWQA samples, but with a wide range of bioassays per compound (1 to 65). There were a total of 2,824 bioassays for the 75 compounds, including 287 48-hour EC50 values (concentration at which 50 percent of test organisms exhibit a nonlethal response) for freshwater cladocerans, 585 96-hour LC50 values (concentration lethal to 50 percent of test organisms) for freshwater benthic invertebrates, and 1,952 96-hour LC50 values for freshwater fish. The PTI for a particular sample is the sum of toxicity quotients (measured concentration divided by the median toxicity concentration from bioassays) for each detected pesticide. The PTI can be calculated for specific groups of pesticides and for specific taxonomic groups.While the PTI does not determine whether water in a sample is toxic, its values can be used to rank or compare the toxicity of samples or sites on a relative basis for use in further analysis or additional assessments. The PTI approach may be useful as a basis for comparing the potential significance of pesticides in different streams on a common basis, for evaluating relations between pesticide exposure and observed biological conditions, and for prioritizing where further studies are most needed.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014077","usgsCitation":"Munn, M.D., and Gilliom, R.J., 2001, Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4077, 61 p.; 3 illus.; 7 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014077.","productDescription":"61 p.; 3 illus.; 7 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3731,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014077","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":168743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munn, Mark D. 0000-0002-7154-7252 mdmunn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-7252","contributorId":976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"Mark","email":"mdmunn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69373,"text":"i2739 - 2001 - Geology and Tectonic Significance of Early Proterozoic Rocks in the Monico Area, Northern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:32","indexId":"i2739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2739","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geology and Tectonic Significance of Early Proterozoic Rocks in the Monico Area, Northern Wisconsin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2739","isbn":"0607983302","usgsCitation":"LaBerge, G.L., and Klasner, J.S., 2001, Geology and Tectonic Significance of Early Proterozoic Rocks in the Monico Area, Northern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2739, Sheet: 57 x 41 inches; Accompanied by 8 page text, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2739.","productDescription":"Sheet: 57 x 41 inches; Accompanied by 8 page text","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110279,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49740.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"49740"},{"id":256632,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2739/plate-1.pdf","size":"16643","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256633,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2739/report.pdf","size":"1281","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2739/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.28444444444445,45.5 ], [ -89.28444444444445,45.6175 ], [ -89.03416666666666,45.6175 ], [ -89.03416666666666,45.5 ], [ -89.28444444444445,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68642f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBerge, Gene L.","contributorId":58281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBerge","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klasner, John S.","contributorId":46591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klasner","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50453,"text":"ofr01462 - 2001 - Soil-gas helium and radon data from parts of west-central Ventura County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:16","indexId":"ofr01462","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-462","title":"Soil-gas helium and radon data from parts of west-central Ventura County, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01462","usgsCitation":"Bowles, C., and Reimer, G., 2001, Soil-gas helium and radon data from parts of west-central Ventura County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-462, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01462.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geology.cr.usgs.gov/energy/OF01-462/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edb22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowles, C.G.","contributorId":14369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowles","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44877,"text":"wri20014267 - 2001 - Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Carolina, Puerto Rico, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"wri20014267","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4267","title":"Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Carolina, Puerto Rico, 1997-99","docAbstract":"To meet the increasing need for a safe and adequate supply of water in the municipio of Carolina, an integrated surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the area was conducted. The major results of this study and other important hydrologic and water-quality features were compiled in a Geographic Information System and are presented in two 1:30,000-scale map plates to facilitate interpretation and use of the diverse water-resources data. \r\n\r\nBecause the supply of safe drinking water was a critical issue during recent dry periods, the surface-water assessment portion of this study focused on analysis of low-flow characteristics in local streams and rivers. Low-flow characteristics were evaluated for one continuous-record gaging station, based on graphical curve-fitting techniques and log-Pearson Type III frequency analysis. Estimates of low-flow characteristics for seven partial-record stations were generated using graphical-correlation techniques. Flow-duration characteristics were computed for the one continuous-record gaging station and were estimated for the partial-record stations using the relation curves developed from the low-flow study. Stream low-flow statistics document the general hydrology under current land and water use. Low-flow statistics may substantially change as a result of streamflow diversions for public supply, and an increase in ground-water development, waste-water discharges, and flood-control measures; the current analysis provides baseline information to evaluate these impacts and develop water budgets. \r\n\r\nA sanitary quality survey of streams utilized 29 sampling stations to evaluate the sanitary quality of about 87 miles of stream channels. River and stream samples were collected on two occasions during base-flow conditions and were analyzed for fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus. Bacteriological analyses indicate that a significant portion of the stream reaches within the municipio of Carolina may have fecal coliform concentrations above the water-quality goal established by the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board (Junta de Calidad Ambiental de Puerto Rico) for inland surface waters. Sources of fecal contamination may include: illegal discharge of sewage to storm-water drains, malfunctioning sanitary sewer ejectors, clogged and leaking sewage pipes, septic tank leakage, unfenced livestock, and runoff from livestock pens. Long-term fecal coliform data at two sampling stations, Quebrada Blasina in Carolina and the Rio Grande de Loiza, downstream from the town of Trujillo Alto, indicate that the sanitary quality of Quebrada Blasina is and has generally been poor for more than a decade. The sanitary quality of the Rio Grande de Loiza has generally been in compliance with the water-quality goal standard fecal coliform concentrations established in July 1990 by the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board. \r\n\r\nGeologic, topographic, soil, hydrogeologic, and streamflow data were used to divide the municipio of Carolina into five hydrogeologic terranes. This integrated database was then used to evaluate the ground-water potential of each hydrogeologic terrane. Analysis suggests that areas with slopes greater than 15 degrees have relatively low ground-water development potential. Fractures may be locally important in enhancing the water-bearing properties in the hydrogeologic terranes containing igneous rocks. Potentiometric-surface elevations recorded in piezometers installed in the coastal area during this study were used to define ground-water flow directions in the hydrogeologic terranes composed of coastal plain clastic and limestone units. The resultant potentiometric map indicates that the coastal plain aquifer and streams in the lowland parts of the municipio of Carolina are hydraulically connected. The potentiometric map also indicates that ground-water discharge to the Rio Grande de Loiza, downstream from highway PR-3, has been enhanced by dredging of the streambed for ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri20014267","collaboration":"In cooperation with the\r\nMUNICIPIO AUTONOMO DE CAROLINA, PUERTO RICO\r\nOFFICE OF THE MAYOR","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Martínez, J., Gómez-Gómez, F., Santiago-Rivera, L., and Oliveras-Feliciano, M., 2001, Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Carolina, Puerto Rico, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4267, v, 45 p. : col. ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014267.","productDescription":"v, 45 p. : col. ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4267/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66.00,18.29 ], [ 66.00,18.46 ], [ 65.88,18.46 ], [ 65.88,18.29 ], [ 66.00,18.29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santiago-Rivera, Luis","contributorId":83888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santiago-Rivera","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oliveras-Feliciano, M. L.","contributorId":54959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliveras-Feliciano","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":45028,"text":"wri014198 - 2001 - Use of a precipitation-runoff model to simulate natural streamflow conditions in the Methow River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:00","indexId":"wri014198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4198","title":"Use of a precipitation-runoff model to simulate natural streamflow conditions in the Methow River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"Management of the water resources of the Methow River Basin is changing in response to the listing of three species of fish under the Endangered Species Act and the Washington State-legislated watershed-planning process. Management options must be considered that minimize adverse effects on people but meet instream flow needs for fish. This report describes the construction and calibration of the Methow River Basin watershed model and evaluates the accuracy of the model as a predictive tool for assessing the natural instream flow conditions. The term ?natural? instream flow is stressed because surface water within the Basin is used for agricultural irrigation through an extensive system of diversions.\r\n\r\nThe USGS Modular Modeling System was used for the watershed modeling component of the Methow River Basin study. The Geographic Information System Weasel characterized the physical properties of the basin, and the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System simulated the natural streamflow. Natural streamflow conditions in the Basin were difficult to calibrate because six of the seven streamflow gaging stations are located below irrigation diversions and few streamflow measurements exist for the study area before the diversions were present. Therefore, limited records of natural streamflow conditions were available and estimations concerning some physical processes could not be quantified. \r\n\r\nStreamflow was simulated for water years 1992-99 to calibrate the model to measured streamflows. Simulated and measured streamflow generally showed close agreement, especially during spring runoff from snowmelt. Low-flow periods, most restrictive to fish habitation, were simulated reasonably well, yet possessed the most uncertainty. Simulations of the total annual runoff as a percentage of measured annual runoff for the 8-year calibration period at seven gaging stations ranged from -33.7 to +30.5 percent with 70 percent of the simulated values within 16 percent. Simulation of water years 1959-99 demonstrated great variability in monthly streamflow statistics. The simulated mean monthly flows for the seven streamflow-gaging stations were an average of 11.5 percent higher for the calibration period (1992-99) than for the entire simulation period (1959-99).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014198","usgsCitation":"Ely, D.M., and Risley, J.C., 2001, Use of a precipitation-runoff model to simulate natural streamflow conditions in the Methow River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4198, v, 36 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014198.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3893,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014198","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":135850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6050dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, David Matthew","contributorId":19530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":45063,"text":"wri20004241 - 2001 - Relation of shallow water quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to geology, soils, and land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T16:31:05","indexId":"wri20004241","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4241","displayTitle":"Relation of Shallow Water Quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to Geology, Soils, and Land Use","title":"Relation of shallow water quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to geology, soils, and land use","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to identify, describe, and explain relations between natural and land-use factors and ground-water quality in the Central Oklahoma aquifer NAWQA study unit. Natural factors compared to water quality included the geologic unit in which the sampled wells were completed and the properties of soils in the areas surrounding the wells. Land-use factors included types of land use and population densities surrounding sampled wells. Ground-water quality was characterized by concentrations of inorganic constituents, and by frequencies of detection of volatile organic compounds and pesticides. Water-quality data were from samples collected from wells 91 meters (300 feet) or less in depth as part of Permian and Quaternary geologic unit survey networks and from an urban survey network.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of many inorganic constituents were significantly related to geology. In addition, concentrations of many inorganic constituents were greater in water from wells from the Oklahoma City urban sampling network than in water from wells from low-density survey networks designed to evaluate ambient water quality in the Central Oklahoma aquifer study unit. However, sampling bias may have been induced by differences in hydrogeologic factors between sampling networks, limiting the ability to determine land-use effects on concentrations of inorganic constituents.\r\n\r\nFrequencies of detection of pesticide and volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in ground-water samples were related to land use and population density, with these compounds being more frequently detected in densely-populated areas. Geology and soil properties were not significantly correlated to pesticide or VOC occurrence in ground water. Lesser frequencies of detection of pesticides in water from wells in rural areas may be due to low to moderate use of those compounds on agricultural lands in the study unit, with livestock production being the primary agricultural activity. There are many possible sources of pesticides and VOC's in the urban areas of Central Oklahoma. Because only existing water-supply wells were sampled, it is not clear from the data collected whether pesticides and VOC's: (1) occur in low concentrations throughout upper portions of the aquifer in urban areas, or (2) are present in ground water only in the immediate vicinity of the wells due to back-flow of those chemicals into the wells or to inflow around cement seals and through gravel packs surrounding well casings of surface runoff containing those compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004241","collaboration":"Contribution from the National Water Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Rea, A.H., Christenson, S.C., and Andrews, W.J., 2001, Relation of shallow water quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to geology, soils, and land use: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4241, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004241.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11684,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/wri004241/pdf/wrir00-4241.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":167922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.75,34.75 ], [ -97.75,36 ], [ -96.75,36 ], [ -96.75,34.75 ], [ -97.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rea, Alan H. ahrea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","email":"ahrea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50396,"text":"ofr01140 - 2001 - Lead-rich sediments, Coeur d'Alene River Valley, Idaho: area, volume, tonnage, and lead content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"ofr01140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-140","title":"Lead-rich sediments, Coeur d'Alene River Valley, Idaho: area, volume, tonnage, and lead content","docAbstract":"In north Idaho, downstream from the Coeur d?Alene (CdA) silver-lead-zinc\r\nmining district, lead-rich sediments, containing at least 1,000 ppm of lead, cover\r\napproximately 61 km2 (or 73 percent) of the 84-km2 floor of the CdA River valley, from\r\nthe confluence of its North and South Forks to the top of its delta-front slope, in CdA\r\nLake. Concentrations of lead (Pb) in surface sediments range from 15 to about 38,500\r\nppm, and average 3,370 ppm, which is 112 times the mean background concentration (30\r\nppm) of Pb in uncontaminated sediments of the CdA and St. Joe River valleys.\r\nMost of the highest concentrations of Pb are in sediments within or near the river\r\nchannel, or near the base of the stratigraphic section of Pb-rich sediments. Ranges of Pb\r\nconcentration in Pb-rich sediments gradually decrease with increasing distance from the\r\nriver and its distributaries. Ranges of thickness of Pb-rich sediments generally decrease\r\nabruptly with increasing distance from the river, from about 3 + 3 m in the river channel\r\nto about 1 + 1m on upland riverbanks, levees and sand splays, to about 0.3 + 0.3 m in\r\nback-levee marshes and lateral lakes. Thickness of Pb-rich dredge spoils (removed from\r\nthe river and deposited on Cataldo-Mission Flats) is mostly in the range 4 + 4 m, thinning\r\naway from an outfall zone north and west of the river, near the formerly dredged channel\r\nreach near Cataldo Landing. We attribute lateral variation in ranges of thickness and Pb\r\ncontent of Pb-rich sediments to the dynamic balance between decreasing floodwater flow\r\nvelocity with increasing distance from the river and the quantity, size, density, and Pb\r\ncontent of particles mobilized, transported, and deposited.\r\nWe present alternative median- and mean-based estimates of the volume of Pbrich\r\nsediments, their wet and dry tonnage, and their tonnage of contained Pb. We\r\ncalculate separate pairs of estimates for 23 Estimation Units, each of which corresponds\r\nto a major depositional environment, divided into down-valley segments. We favor\r\nmedian-based estimates of the thickness and thickness-interval weighted-average Pb\r\nconcentration, because uncommonly thick and Pb-rich sections may excessively\r\ninfluence mean estimates. Nevertheless, data from partial sections of Pb-rich sediments\r\nare included in most estimates, and these tend to reduce both median- and mean-based\r\nestimates.\r\nMedian-based estimates indicate a volume of 32 M m3 of Pb-rich sediments in the\r\nCdA River valley, with a dry tonnage of 47 + 4 M t, containing 250 + 75 kt of Pb\r\n(considering analytical uncertainties only). An equivalent tonnage of dry CdA River\r\nvalley sediments of the pre-mining era, with the mean background concentration of 30\r\nppm of Pb, would contain about 1.4 kt of Pb. Thus, the amount of Pb added to CdA River\r\nvalley sediments deposited since the onset of mining is estimated as 249 + 75 kt of Pb, or\r\nabout 99.5 percent of the estimated Pb contained. Of an estimated 850 + 10 kt of Pb lost\r\nto streams as a result of mining-related activities, an estimated total of 739 + 319 kt of Pb\r\nhas been deposited in sediments of the South Fork drainage basin, the CdA River valley,\r\nand the bottom of CdA Lake (combined). Based on mid-range values from a set of\r\npreferred estimates with uncertainty ranges up to + 50 percent, roughly 24 percent of the\r\n850 + 10 kt of mining-derived Pb lost to streams has been added to sediments of the\r\nSouth Fork drainage basin, 29 percent to sediments of the CdA River valley floor, and 34\r\npercent to sediments on the bottom of CdA Lake. This amounts to roughly 87 percent of\r\nthe Pb lost to streams, not including Pb contained in sediments of the North Fork drainage basin and the Spokane River valley, the tonnages of which have not yet\r\nestimated.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01140","usgsCitation":"Bookstrom, A.A., Box, S.E., Campbell, J.K., Foster, K.I., and Jackson, B.L., 2001, Lead-rich sediments, Coeur d'Alene River Valley, Idaho: area, volume, tonnage, and lead content: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-140, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01140.","productDescription":"79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4192,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8636","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Julie K.","contributorId":43026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Kathryn I.","contributorId":35388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, Berne L.","contributorId":80719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Berne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":45035,"text":"wri014027 - 2001 - Relations among rainstorm runoff, streamflow, pH, and metal concentrations, Summitville Mine area, upper Alamosa River basin, southwest Colorado, 1995-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:58","indexId":"wri014027","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4027","title":"Relations among rainstorm runoff, streamflow, pH, and metal concentrations, Summitville Mine area, upper Alamosa River basin, southwest Colorado, 1995-97","docAbstract":"The upper Alamosa River Basin contains areas that are geochemically altered and have associated secondary sulfide mineralization. Occurring with this sulfide mineralization are copper, gold, and silver deposits that have been mined since the 1870's. Weathering of areas with sulfide mineralization produces runoff with anomalously low pH and high metal concentrations; mining activities exacerbate the condition. Summer rainstorms in the upper Alamosa River Basin produce a characteristic relation between streamflow and pH; streamflow suddenly increases and pH suddenly decreases (commonly by more than 1 pH unit). This report evaluates changes in pH in the upper Alamosa River Basin during July, August, and September 1995, 1996, and 1997 to examine possible adverse environmental effects due to rainstorm runoff. Ninety-three percent of the rainstorms occurring during 1995?97 produced runoff throughout the entire basin. Out of 54 storms, only 3 storms were isolated to the river reach upstream from the streamflow-gaging station Alamosa River above Wightman Fork, and only 1 storm was isolated to the river reach between the streamflow-gaging stations Alamosa River below Jasper and Alamosa River above Terrace Reservoir. Although most rainstorm runoff events occurred throughout the entire basin, pH changes were highest in parts of the basin that receive runoff from hydrothermally altered areas. The three principal altered areas within the basin are the Jasper, Stunner, and Summitville areas. Only limited mining occurred in the Stunner altered area, and yet significant decreases in pH values occur due to runoff from this area. Even after environmental restoration activities are completed at the Summitville Mine, the main stem of the Alamosa River may continue to be adversely affected by runoff from the Stunner and Jasper altered areas. A comparison of measured pH with Federal and State of Colorado water-quality standards and Toxicological Reference Values indicates pH was too low to support aquatic life in many parts of the basin for extended periods of time. Added stresses from sudden decreases in pH due to rainstorm runoff compound the adverse effects. Discharge of effluent from the Summitville Mine impoundment can significantly decrease pH in the Alamosa River downstream to Terrace Reservoir. A release of only 3 cubic feet per second from the impoundment decreased pH by at least 1 standard unit at all downstream sites. Low-flow years may pose a substantial risk to aquatic organisms within and downstream from Terrace Reservoir. During 1996, the basin had a low-flow year, and water storage and pool size of Terrace Reservoir were significantly reduced. The pH of water discharging from Terrace Reservoir was anomalously low during late August and September 1996, possibly due to geochemical interactions between sediment and the water column within the reservoir. In general, an inverse log-log relation exists between pH and the logarithm of dissolved metal concentrations, but the relations generally are not significant enough to confidently predict metal concentrations based upon measured pH values.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014027","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., 2001, Relations among rainstorm runoff, streamflow, pH, and metal concentrations, Summitville Mine area, upper Alamosa River basin, southwest Colorado, 1995-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4027, v, 33 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014027.","productDescription":"v, 33 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3898,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014027","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":135804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45065,"text":"wri004254 - 2001 - Historical water-quality data for the High Plains Regional Ground-Water Study Area in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, 1930-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-28T16:46:13.797645","indexId":"wri004254","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4254","title":"Historical water-quality data for the High Plains Regional Ground-Water Study Area in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, 1930-98","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlies 174,000 square miles in parts of eight States and includes eight primary hydrogeologic units, including the well-known Ogallala Formation. The High Plains aquifer is an important resource, providing water for 27 percent of the Nation?s irrigated agricultural lands in an otherwise dry landscape. Since the 1980?s there has been concern over the sustainability of the aquifer due to water-level declines caused by substantial pumping. Water quality of the aquifer is a more recent concern. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment Program, historical water-quality data have been gathered for the High Plains Regional Ground-Water Study Area into a retrospective data base, which can be used to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of water-quality constituents of concern.Data from the retrospective data base verify that nitrate, pesticides, and dissolved solids (salinity) are important water-quality concerns in the High Plains study area. Sixteen percent of all measured nitrate concentrations were larger than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard of 10 milligrams per liter. In about 70 percent of the counties within the High Plains study area, nitrate concentrations for 1980-98 were significantly larger than for 1930-69. While nitrate concentrations are largest where depth to water is shallow, concentrations also have increased in the Ogallala Formation where depth to water is large. Pesticide data primarily are available only in the northern half of the study area. About 50 pesticides were detected in the High Plains study area, but only four pesticides (atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine, and simazine) had concentrations exceeding a drinking-water standard. The occasional detection of pesticides in deeper parts of the Ogallala Formation indicates that contamination pathways exist. Dissolved solids, which are a direct measure of salinity, had 29 percent of measured concentrations in excess of the secondary drinking-water standard of 500 milligrams per liter. Comparison of dissolved-solids concentrations prior to 1980 to concentrations after 1980 indicates dissolved-solids concentrations have increased in the alluvial valleys of the Platte, the Republican, and the Arkansas Rivers, as well as in the Ogallala Formation?South hydrogeologic unit.Water-quality results indicate that human activities are affecting the water of the High Plains aquifer. Because there is a potential for water quality to become impaired relative to the historical uses of the aquifer, water quality needs to be considered when evaluating the sustainability of the High Plains aquifer. Data collected as part of the High Plains Regional Ground-Water Study will help to fill in gaps in water-quality information and provide additional information for understanding the factors that govern ambient water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004254","usgsCitation":"Litke, D.W., 2001, Historical water-quality data for the High Plains Regional Ground-Water Study Area in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, 1930-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4254, Report: vi, 65 p. ; 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004254.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 65 p. ; 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":482654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4254/wri004254.zip","text":"Disc (Appendix C)"},{"id":3918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4254","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c0b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litke, David W.","contributorId":19145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50739,"text":"fs13401 - 2001 - Map Indexes Available from the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-29T17:02:31","indexId":"fs13401","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"134-01","title":"Map Indexes Available from the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"Each year the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) produces thousands of new and revised topographic and geologic maps, as well as other types of cartographic products. To provide easy access to these maps, the USGS publishes indexes that are updated periodically.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs13401","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, Map Indexes Available from the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 134-01, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13401.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4232,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0134/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44985,"text":"wri014210 - 2001 - Hydraulic-property estimates for use with a transient ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri014210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4210","title":"Hydraulic-property estimates for use with a transient ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"The Death Valley regional ground-water flow system encompasses an area of about 43,500 square kilometers in southeastern California and southern Nevada, between latitudes 35? and 38?15' north and longitudes 115? and 117?45' west. The study area is underlain by Quaternary to Tertiary basin-fill sediments and mafic-lava flows; Tertiary volcanic, volcaniclastic, and sedimentary rocks; Tertiary to Jurassic granitic rocks; Triassic to Middle Proterozoic carbonate and clastic sedimentary rocks; and Early Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks. The rock assemblage in the Death Valley region is extensively faulted as a result of several episodes of tectonic activity.\r\n\r\nThis study is comprised of published and unpublished estimates of transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, storage coefficient, and anisotropy ratios for hydrogeologic units within the Death Valley region study area. Hydrogeologic units previously proposed for the Death Valley regional transient ground-water flow model were recognized for the purpose of studying the distribution of hydraulic properties. Analyses of regression and covariance were used to assess if a relation existed between hydraulic conductivity and depth for most hydrogeologic units. Those analyses showed a weak, quantitatively indeterminate, relation between hydraulic conductivity and depth.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014210","usgsCitation":"Belcher, W., Elliott, P.E., and Geldon, A.L., 2001, Hydraulic-property estimates for use with a transient ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California (Revised August 01, 2002): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4210, -, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014210.","productDescription":"-","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3860,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014210","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revised August 01, 2002","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db6297c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belcher, Wayne R.","contributorId":79446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belcher","given":"Wayne R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Peggy E. 0000-0002-7264-664X pelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-664X","contributorId":3805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Peggy","email":"pelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geldon, Arthur L.","contributorId":16395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geldon","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}