Imaging with acoustic and optical televiewers results in continuous and oriented 360 degree views of the borehole wall from which the character and orientation of lithologic and structural features can be defined for fractured-bedrock aquifer investigations. Fractures are more clearly defined under a wider range of conditions on acoustic images than on optical images including dark-colored rocks, cloudy borehole water, and coated borehole walls. However, optical images allow for the direct viewing of the character of and relation between lithology, fractures, foliation, and bedding. The most powerful approach is the combined application of acoustic and optical imaging with integrated interpretation. Borehole-wall imaging provides information useful for the collection and interpretation of flowmeter and other geophysical logs, core samples, and hydraulic and water-quality data from packer testing and monitoring.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the seventh international symposium on borehole geophysics for minerals, geotechnical, and groundwater applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh International Symposium on Borehole Geophysics for Minerals, Geotechnical, and Groundwater Applications","conferenceDate":"October 24-26, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Professional Well Log Analysts","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Johnson, C.D., 2000, Borehole-wall imaging with acoustic and optical televiewers for fractured-bedrock aquifer investigations, in Proceedings of the seventh international symposium on borehole geophysics for minerals, geotechnical, and groundwater applications, Golden, CO, October 24-26, 2000, p. 43-53.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/publications/mgls2000/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203090,"text":"70203090 - 2000 - Natural resource and ecosystem costs of coastal hazards ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-13T10:00:46","indexId":"70203090","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-18T13:54:13","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Natural resource and ecosystem costs of coastal hazards ","docAbstract":"Describes the topic of natural resource and ecosystem costs of coastal hazards through the work of the John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Hidden Costs of Coastal Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","isbn":"9781559637565","usgsCitation":"Kunreuther, H., Platt, R., Baruch, S., Bernknopf, R., Buckley, M., Burkett, V., Conrad, D., Davidson, T., Deutsch, K., Geis, D., Jannereth, M., Knap, A., Lane, H., Ljung, G., McCauley, M., Mileti, D., Miller, T., Morrow, B., Meyers, J., Pielke, R.A., Pratt, A., and Tripp, J., 2000, Natural resource and ecosystem costs of coastal hazards , chap. of The Hidden Costs of Coastal Hazards, p. 82-97.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research 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M.","contributorId":181542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jannereth","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Knap, A.","contributorId":181543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knap","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lane, H.","contributorId":181544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ljung, G.","contributorId":181545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ljung","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McCauley, M.","contributorId":181546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCauley","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mileti, D.","contributorId":11844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mileti","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Miller, T.","contributorId":92749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Morrow, B.","contributorId":181547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrow","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Meyers, J.","contributorId":181548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Pielke, R. A.","contributorId":13163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Pratt, A.","contributorId":181549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Tripp, J.","contributorId":37872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}} ,{"id":24550,"text":"ofr00240 - 2000 - Airborne geophysical surveys in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T13:16:49","indexId":"ofr00240","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-240","title":"Airborne geophysical surveys in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana","docAbstract":"Three airborne geophysical surveys have been made in the Boulder watershed and adjacent areas (fig. 1). The objectives of the geophysical studies in the watershed is to map subsurface lithologic, structural and hydrologic features important in controlling possible ground water contamination from mining activities and to design remediation efforts. These studies are part of an abandoned mine land study of the Boulder Basin mining district and watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00240","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Labson, V.F., and Hill, P.L., 2000, Airborne geophysical surveys in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana; U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-240, 4 p.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; Data","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356825,"rank":4,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0240/TUNNELS_HEM.zip","text":"TUNNELS HEM DATA","size":"34.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 00-240 TUNNELS HEM DATA"},{"id":155074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0240/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":356824,"rank":3,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0240/BOULDER_HEM.zip","text":"BOULDER HEM DATA","size":"89.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 00-240 BOULDER HEM DATA"},{"id":356822,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0240/ofr00240.pdf","text":"Report","size":"99.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-240"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Clark County, Jefferson County, Lewis County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.4395751953125,\n 46.151297121751725\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 46.151297121751725\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 46.36398839132818\n ],\n [\n -112.4395751953125,\n 46.36398839132818\n ],\n [\n -112.4395751953125,\n 46.151297121751725\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 973
Denver, CO 80225
Accurate and reliable water-resources data collected during drought conditions are critical to regulatory agencies such as the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ). Droughts have affected Mississippi during 1940-44, 1951-57, 1962-71, 1980-82 and 1983-88. In late summer and early autumn 1999, many areas of Mississippi experienced near record drought conditions causing concern to many private and public interests. Personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the MDEQ Office of Land and Water Resources (MDEQ-OLWR) measured water levels and streamflows throughout the State of Mississippi during drought conditions in August through October 1999. Droughts are normal, recurring hydrological events caused by deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time that can have adverse effects on anthropogenic use of water. Much of the State of Mississippi has continued to experience drought conditions through late winter of 2000. Data on minimum streamflows are an important factor for determining the regulation of flow control structures, effluent discharge, and surface water withdrawals and other water-management decisions during droughts. Data on minimum streamflows become paramount during drought conditions. This report presents information related to the legal aspects of drought conditions and includes selected data collected at streamgages affected by severe drought conditions in Mississippi during the late summer and early autumn of 1999. Comparisons of low-flow characteristics at selected streamgages to other period-of-record low-flows at selected gages in the State are also presented.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the thirtieth Mississippi Water Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"30th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"April 18-19, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Raymond, MS","language":"English","publisher":"Mississippi Water Resources Research Institute, Mississippi State University","doi":"10.13140/2.1.3215.4246","usgsCitation":"Turnipseed, D.P., and Long, L.G., 2000, Measurement of 1999 drought conditions in Mississippi, in Proceedings of the thirtieth Mississippi Water Resources Conference, Raymond, MS, April 18-19, 2000, https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3215.4246.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83de4b025c4642862f0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ballweber, Jeffery A.","contributorId":181569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballweber","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730127,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Loyd G.","contributorId":181820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Loyd","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179949,"text":"70179949 - 2000 - Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:59:27","indexId":"70179949","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"41","title":"Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 2000","docAbstract":"This is the thirty-seventh in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights, provide data to enable interested parties to maintain awareness of changing ground-water conditions.
This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to wells constructed for new appropriations of ground water. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas which are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions and for which applicable data are available.
This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of ground-water development in the State for calendar year 1999. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Divisions of Water Rights and Water Resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources ","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Burden, C.B., Sory, J., Danner, M., Johnson, K., Kenny, T., Brockner, S., Eacret, R.J., Downhour, P., Slaugh, B., Swenson, R., Howells, J., Christiansen, H., and Fisher, M., 2000, Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 2000: Cooperative Investigations Report 41, viii, 140 p.","productDescription":"viii, 140 p.","numberOfPages":"147","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-205"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883302ce4b0d00231637800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sory, J.D.","contributorId":178510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sory","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danner, M.R.","contributorId":178514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danner","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, K. K.","contributorId":70871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kenny, T.A.","contributorId":178525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenny","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brockner, S.J.","contributorId":56307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brockner","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eacret, Robert J. rjeacret@usgs.gov","contributorId":971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eacret","given":"Robert","email":"rjeacret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":659519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Downhour, Paul downhour@usgs.gov","contributorId":968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downhour","given":"Paul","email":"downhour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":659520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Slaugh, B.A.","contributorId":178515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slaugh","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Swenson, R.L.","contributorId":178508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swenson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Howells, J.H.","contributorId":178516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howells","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Christiansen, H.K.","contributorId":178517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christiansen","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Fisher, M.J.","contributorId":178524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70179361,"text":"70179361 - 2000 - Trace elements in seep waters along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, and their toxicity to fathead minnows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T09:56:11","indexId":"70179361","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace elements in seep waters along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, and their toxicity to fathead minnows","docAbstract":"Whitewood Creek, located in the Black Hills of southwestern South Dakota, has a long history of contamination from mining activity. Gold exploration began in the 1870s, and has continued since that time. Whitewood Creek received direct releases of tailings from 1870 to 1977 from Gold Run Creek in Lead, SD. It has been estimated that approximately 100 million to 1 billion tons of mining, milling, and ore processing wastes have been released by mining activity in the last century in to Whitewood Creek, the Belle Fourche river, and the Cheyenne River (Fox Consultants, Inc. 1984). Tailings deposition has altered the geomorphology of Whitewood Creek, and deposits up to 4.6 m. deep, have become stabilized by vegetation. Several other streams in the Black Hills also have been adversely affected by mining operations (Rahn 1996).
As water leaches through rock strata that are disturbed by surface and subsurface mining, it dissolves inorganic elements and carries them to the groundwater. Groundwater movement through the extensive tailings deposits in the Whitewood Creek valley enter the creek at various seeps along its downstream course to the Belle Fourche river, and the Belle Fourche River itself, which empties into the Cheyenne River and eventually into Lake Oahe.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s0012800185","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S.J., and Buhl, K., 2000, Trace elements in seep waters along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, and their toxicity to fathead minnows: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 65, no. 6, p. 740-747, https://doi.org/10.1007/s0012800185.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"740","endPage":"747","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Whitewood Creek","volume":"65","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f1de4b0cd2dabe7c4e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, S. J.","contributorId":27817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, K.J.","contributorId":19728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176057,"text":"ofr00065 - 2000 - Creating a standardized watersheds database for the Lower Rio Grande/Río Bravo, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T12:06:18","indexId":"ofr00065","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"00-065","title":"Creating a standardized watersheds database for the Lower Rio Grande/Río Bravo, Texas","docAbstract":"This report describes the creation of a large-scale watershed database for the lower Rio Grande/Río Bravo Basin in Texas. The watershed database includes watersheds delineated to all 1:24,000-scale mapped stream confluences and other hydrologically significant points, selected watershed characteristics, and hydrologic derivative datasets.
Computer technology allows generation of preliminary watershed boundaries in a fraction of the time needed for manual methods. This automated process reduces development time and results in quality improvements in watershed boundaries and characteristics. These data can then be compiled in a permanent database, eliminating the time-consuming step of data creation at the beginning of a project and providing a stable base dataset that can give users greater confidence when further subdividing watersheds.
A standardized dataset of watershed characteristics is a valuable contribution to the understanding and management of natural resources. Vertical integration of the input datasets used to automatically generate watershed boundaries is crucial to the success of such an effort. The optimum situation would be to use the digital orthophoto quadrangles as the source of all the input datasets. While the hydrographic data from the digital line graphs can be revised to match the digital orthophoto quadrangles, hypsography data cannot be revised to match the digital orthophoto quadrangles. Revised hydrography from the digital orthophoto quadrangle should be used to create an updated digital elevation model that incorporates the stream channels as revised from the digital orthophoto quadrangle. Computer-generated, standardized watersheds that are vertically integrated with existing digital line graph hydrographic data will continue to be difficult to create until revisions can be made to existing source datasets. Until such time, manual editing will be necessary to make adjustments for man-made features and changes in the natural landscape that are not reflected in the digital elevation model data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00065","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., Ulery, R.L., and Parcher, J.W., 2000, Creating a standardized watersheds database for the Lower Rio Grande/Río Bravo, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-065, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00065.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327796,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-065/00-065.pdf","text":"Creating a Standardized Watersheds Database for the Lower Rio Grande/ Río Bravo, Texas","size":"528 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Creating a Standardized Watersheds Database for the Lower Rio Grande/ Río Bravo, Texas"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Webb","city":"Rio Bravo","otherGeospatial":"Lower Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.50325965881348,\n 27.362391688477363\n ],\n [\n -99.50325965881348,\n 27.366889032381295\n ],\n [\n -99.45948600769043,\n 27.366889032381295\n ],\n [\n -99.45948600769043,\n 27.362391688477363\n ],\n [\n -99.50325965881348,\n 27.362391688477363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"CONTENTS
","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6af00e4b0f2f0cebe46f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J.R.","contributorId":56872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ulery, Randy L. rlulery@usgs.gov","contributorId":4679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulery","given":"Randy","email":"rlulery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":646964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parcher, Jean W. jwparcher@usgs.gov","contributorId":2209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcher","given":"Jean","email":"jwparcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":646965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174406,"text":"70174406 - 2000 - Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays, and seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T11:06:39","indexId":"70174406","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-09T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2121,"text":"Issues in Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays, and seas","docAbstract":"Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Acknowledgments
Background
Watershed-Boundary Delineation
Standardized Watershed Classification
Watershed Characteristics
Topographic Datasets
Methods Used to Create a Standardized Watersheds Database
Source Datasets
DEM Processing—Creation of Hydrologic Derivatives
Watershed Delineation
Revision of the Hydrography
Computer-Generated Watershed Delineations
Review of Computer-Generated Watershed Delineations and
Manual DelineationsWatershed Region Coverage
Watershed Characteristics
Conflation of RF3 Attributes
Extending Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) to 12 Digits
Conclusions
Selected References
Appendix - Watershed Characteristic Computations
Over the past 40 years, antipollution laws have greatly reduced discharges of toxic substances into our coastal waters. This effort, however, has focused largely on point-source pollution of industrial and municipal effluent. No comparable effort has been made to restrict the input of nitrogen (N) from municipal effluent, nor to control the flows of N and phosphorus (P) that enter waterways from dispersed or nonpoint sources such as agricultural and urban runoff or as airborne pollutants. As a result, inputs of nonpoint pollutants, particularly N, have increased dramatically. Nonpoint pollution from N and P now represents the largest pollution problem facing the vital coastal waters of the United States.
\nNutrient pollution is the common thread that links an array of problems along the nations coastline, including eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, dead zones, fish kills, some shellfish poisonings, loss of seagrass and kelp beds, some coral reef destruction, and even some marine mammal and seabird deaths. More than 60 percent of our coastal rivers and bays in every coastal state of the continental United States are moderately to severely degraded by nutrient pollution. This degradation is particularly severe in the mid Atlantic states, in the southeast, and in the Gulf of Mexico.
\nA recent report from the National Research Council entitled Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reduc- ing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution concludes that:
\nNutrient over-enrichment of coastal ecosystems generally triggers ecological changes that decrease the biologi- cal diversity of bays and estuaries.
\nWhile moderate N enrichment of some coastal waters may increase fish production, over-enrichment generally degrades the marine food web that supports commercially valuable fish.
\nThe marked increase in nutrient pollution of coastal waters has been accompanied by an increase in harmful algal blooms, and in at least some cases, pollution has triggered these blooms.
\nHigh nutrient levels and the changes they cause in water quality and the makeup of the algal community are detrimental to the health of coral reefs and the diversity of animal life supported by seagrass and kelp communi- ties.
\nResearch during the past decade confirms that N is the chief culprit in eutrophication and other impacts of nutrient over-enrichment in temperate coastal waters, while P is most problematic in eutrophication of freshwa- ter lakes.
\nHuman conversion of atmospheric N into biologically useable forms, principally synthetic inorganic fertilizers, now matches the natural rate of biological N fixation from all the land surfaces of the earth.
\nBoth agriculture and the burning of fossil fuels contribute significantly to nonpoint flows of N to coastal waters, either as direct runoff or airborne pollutants.
\nN from animal wastes that leaks directly to surface waters or is volatilized to the atmosphere as ammonia may be the largest single source of N that moves from agricultural operations into coastal waters.
\nThe National Research Council report recommended that, as a minimum goal, the nation should work to reverse nutrient should be taken to assure that the 40 percent of coastal areas now ranked as healthy do not develop symptoms of nutrient pollution in 10 percent of its degraded coastal systems by 2010 and 25 percent of them by 2020. Also, action should be taken to assure that the 40 percent of coastal areas now ranked as healthy do not develop symptoms of nutrient pollution.
\nMeeting these goals will require an array of strategies and approaches tailored to specific regions and coastal ecosystems. There is an urgent need for development and testing of techniques that can reliably pinpoint the sources of N pollutants to an estuary. For some coastal systems, N removal during treatment of human sewage may be sufficient to reverse nutrient pollution. For most coastal systems, however, the solutions will be more complex and may involve controls on N compounds emitted during fossil fuel combustion as well as incentives to reduce over-fertilization of agricul- tural fields and nutrient pollution from animal wastes in livestock feedlot operations.
\n1. The theory of food-regulated self-thinning (FST) for mobile animals predicts population density (N) to be an inverse function of mean body mass (W) scaled to an exponent (b), such that N = k W−b, where k is a constant. FST also predicts energy requirements (or energy flow) to remain constant over time (termed energetic equivalence) as losses to cohorts (e.g. emigration and mortality) are balanced by increased growth of surviving individuals.
\n2. To test these predictions, we analysed the dynamics of six experimental minnow cohorts. Replicate populations of fish were held under identical conditions with a constant and limited supply of food over a 126-day period. Half of the cohorts were open to emigration, and half were closed so that fish could only be lost through starvation mortality.
\n3. Patterns of self-thinning indicated non-linear changes in population density and energy flow in relation to changes in mean body mass and time, respectively. Non-linear patterns of self-thinning were probably due to a delayed growth response to changes in population density effected through mortality and/or emigration. Contrary to results of similar experiments on other fish, emigration did not have a significant influence on the pattern of self-thinning.
\n4. These results may be attributed to trophic interactions within cohorts and the importance of social behaviour to cohort dynamics. Both population density and energy flow in our experimental populations appeared to cycle, with episodes of starvation and mortality alternating with food recovery and weight gain, as predicted by recent models of stepwise die-off and stunted growth in animal cohorts.
\n5. Most of the support for FST in mobile animals comes from observational data on mean body mass and population density. Potentially important mechanisms, including the manner in which individuals are lost or retained in populations, are usually not investigated directly. Such tests of FST can only provide equivocal support. Detailed observational study and controlled experiments are needed to understand casual mechanisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2000.00451.x","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., Dickerson, B.R., Beever, E., Duncan, R.D., and Vinyard, G., 2000, Effects of food limitation and emigration on self-thinning in experimental minnow cohorts: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 69, no. 6, p. 927-934, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2000.00451.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"927","endPage":"934","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"69","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a83ee4b0ef3b7caba533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickerson, B. R.","contributorId":168770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickerson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beever, E.","contributorId":168771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beever","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duncan, R. D.","contributorId":168772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vinyard, G.L.","contributorId":59388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinyard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170444,"text":"70170444 - 2000 - Examining ecological consequences of feral horse grazing using exclosures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T12:31:24","indexId":"70170444","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-04T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining ecological consequences of feral horse grazing using exclosures","docAbstract":"Although feral horses have inhabited western North America since the end of the 16th century, relatively little synecological research has been conducted to quantitatively characterize how they interact with ecosystem components. Because feral horses exhibit watering behavior markedly different from that of domestic cattle, it is particularly important to evaluate response of ecosystem elements near water sources to horse use. To assess this response, we performed live-trapping of small mammals and 2-tiered vegetative sampling in 2 mountain ranges in central Nevada in the interior Great Basin, USA. At low elevations, plots around horse-excluded springs exhibited notably greater plant species richness, percent cover, and abundance of grasses and shrubs, as well as more small mammal burrow entrances than plots at horse-grazed springs. At high elevations, meadows protected from grazing exhibited maximum vegetation heights 2.8 times greater than vegetation grazed by horses only and 4.5 times greater than vegetation grazed by horses and cattle. Species richness in quadrats was most different between the horse-and-cattle-grazed meadow and its ungrazed counterpart, suggesting the possibility of synergistic effects of horse and cattle grazing in the same location. This study, the first in the Great Basin to investigate quantitatively ecosystem consequences of feral horse use with exclosures, represents a preliminary step in identifying factors that determine the magnitude of horse grazing impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Beever, E., and Brussard, P., 2000, Examining ecological consequences of feral horse grazing using exclosures: Western North American Naturalist, v. 60, no. 3, p. 236-254.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"254","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717041"}],"country":"United States","volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a840e4b0ef3b7caba552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, E.A.","contributorId":80040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brussard, P. F.","contributorId":63335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brussard","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170499,"text":"70170499 - 2000 - Charismatic megafauna or exotic pest? Interactions between popular perceptions of feral horses (Equus caballus) and their management and research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T12:18:10","indexId":"70170499","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-14T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Charismatic megafauna or exotic pest? Interactions between popular perceptions of feral horses (Equus caballus) and their management and research","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 19th International Vertebrate Pest Conference","conferenceDate":"2000","conferenceLocation":"University of California, Davis","language":"English","issn":"0507-6773","usgsCitation":"Beever, E., and Brussard, P., 2000, Charismatic megafauna or exotic pest? Interactions between popular perceptions of feral horses (Equus caballus) and their management and research, Proceedings of the 19th International Vertebrate Pest Conference, v. 19, University of California, Davis, 2000, p. 413-418.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"418","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b2ce4b071321fe31c53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, E.A.","contributorId":80040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brussard, P. F.","contributorId":63335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brussard","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175275,"text":"70175275 - 2000 - Modeling the hydroclimatology of the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary and watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T15:08:00","indexId":"70175275","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-08T02:15:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Modeling the hydroclimatology of the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary and watershed","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California at San Diego","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","usgsCitation":"Knowles, N., 2000, Modeling the hydroclimatology of the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary and watershed, xvi; 292 p.","productDescription":"xvi; 292 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"308","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sfbay.wr.usgs.gov/publications/pdf/knowles_2000_phd_dissertation.pdf","text":"Modeling the hydroclimatology of the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary and watershed","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Modeling the hydroclimatology of the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary and watershed"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315cbe4b006cb45558b25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157366,"text":"70157366 - 2000 - Influence of El Niño on lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere from 1900 to 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T18:39:35.160238","indexId":"70157366","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3678,"text":"Verhandlugen Internationale Vereingung fur Limnologie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of El Niño on lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere from 1900 to 1995","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03680770.1998.11898172","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Wynne, R., and Chang, W.Y., 2000, Influence of El Niño on lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere from 1900 to 1995: Verhandlugen Internationale Vereingung fur Limnologie, v. 27, no. 5, p. 2784-2788, https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11898172.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2784","endPage":"2788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Northern Hemisphere","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.6953125,\n 0.3515602939922709\n ],\n [\n 154.3359375,\n 0.3515602939922709\n ],\n [\n 154.3359375,\n 85.02070774312594\n ],\n [\n -167.6953125,\n 85.02070774312594\n ],\n [\n -167.6953125,\n 0.3515602939922709\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56027bd9e4b03bc34f544859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wynne, Randolph","contributorId":197461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wynne","given":"Randolph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, William Y. B.","contributorId":147845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Y. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159724,"text":"70159724 - 2000 - Effect of hibernation and reproductive status on body mass and condition of coastal brown bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T18:35:03","indexId":"70159724","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-14T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of hibernation and reproductive status on body mass and condition of coastal brown bears","docAbstract":"We investigated the effect of hibernation and reproductive status on changes in body mass and composition of adult female brown bears (Ursus arctos) on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. This information is fundamental to understanding nutritional ecology of wild brown bear populations. Six adult females handled in the fall and following spring (paired samples) lost 73 ± 22 kg (x̄ ± SD; 32 ± 10%) of fall body mass over 208 ± 19 days. Of this mass loss, 56 ± 22% (55 ± 22 kg) was lipid and 44 ± 22% (43 ± 21 kg) was lean body mass. Catabolism of lipid stores accounted for 88.4 ± 8.1% of the body energy used to meet maintenance demands. Overwinter differences in body composition of adult females assessed only once in either the fall (n = 21) or spring (n = 32) were similar to those of paired samples. Relative fatness of bears entering the den was positively related to the contribution of fat (%) to body mass (P < 0.01) and body energy (P < 0.01) losses during hibernation. Thus, relative fatness at the onset of fasting influences the relative proportion of lipid stores and lean body mass catabolized to meet protein and energy demands during hibernation. In the spring, lone females had greater body and lean masses than females with cubs of the year or yearlings. Lipid content was greatest in lone females in the fall. Studies using body mass and composition as indices of population health should consider season or reproductive class.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802988","usgsCitation":"Hilderbrand, G., Schwartz, C.C., Robbins, C., and Hanley, T.A., 2000, Effect of hibernation and reproductive status on body mass and condition of coastal brown bears: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 178-183, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802988.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf4ae4b0112df6c62e0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hilderbrand, Grant V. 0000-0002-0051-8315 ghilderbrand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-8315","contributorId":199764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilderbrand","given":"Grant V.","email":"ghilderbrand@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, C. C.","contributorId":120229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.T.","contributorId":58444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanley, Thomas A.","contributorId":36402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159693,"text":"70159693 - 2000 - Abiotic and biotic controls of spatial pattern at alpine treeline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T08:26:48","indexId":"70159693","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Abiotic and biotic controls of spatial pattern at alpine treeline","docAbstract":"
At alpine treeline, trees and krummholz forms affect the environment in ways that increase their growth and reproduction. We assess the way in which these positive feedbacks combine in spatial patterns to alter the environment in the neighborhood of existing plants. The research is significant because areas of alpine tundra are susceptible to encroachment by woody species as climate changes. Moreover, understanding the general processes of plant invasion is important. The importance of spatial pattern has been recognized, but the spatial pattern of positive feedbacks per se has not been explored in depth. We present a linked set of models of vegetation change at an alpine forest-tundra ecotone. Our aim is to create models that are as simple as possible in order to test specific hypotheses. We present results from a model of the resource averaging hypothesis and the positive feedback switch hypothesis of treelines. We compare the patterns generated by the models to patterns observed in fine scale remotely sensed data.
","largerWorkTitle":"4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GIS/EM4): Problems, Prospects and Research Needs","conferenceTitle":"4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling","conferenceDate":"September 2-8, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Banff, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Malanson, G.P., Xiao, N., Alftine, K., Bekker, M., Butler, D.R., Brown, D.G., Cairns, D.M., Fagre, D., and Walsh, S.J., 2000, Abiotic and biotic controls of spatial pattern at alpine treeline, in 4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GIS/EM4): Problems, Prospects and Research Needs, Banff, Alberta, Canada, September 2-8, 2000, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf40e4b0112df6c62de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malanson, George P.","contributorId":36768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malanson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xiao, Ningchuan","contributorId":149945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiao","given":"Ningchuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alftine, K.J.","contributorId":63201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alftine","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekker, Mathew","contributorId":149946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bekker","given":"Mathew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butler, David R.","contributorId":45132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Daniel G.","contributorId":139611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6649,"text":"University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cairns, David M.","contributorId":149947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cairns","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel","contributorId":68649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Walsh, Stephen J. 0000-0002-1009-8537 swalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":1456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Stephen","email":"swalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70159719,"text":"70159719 - 2000 - Elk, beaver, and the persistence of willows in national parks: comment on Singer et al. (1998).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T15:01:30","indexId":"70159719","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-28T04:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elk, beaver, and the persistence of willows in national parks: comment on Singer et al. (1998).","docAbstract":"Singer et al. (1998) propose that the decline in populations of beaver (Castor canadensis) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) has caused willow to be more vulnerable to browsing by clk (Alces alces). I do not believe that their scenario correctly characterizes the relationship between elk and willow in YNP
\nThe authors developed their hypothesis based on 2 sets of observations. One was an experiment that compared willow growth in YNP to that in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP). Current annual growth was clipped from plants at 0%, 50%, and 100% levels in each of 4 years (1992–1995). From RMNP plants in 1 exclosure were used (Beaver Meadows); in YNP plants in 3 exclosures were treatcd (Junction Butte, Lamar East, and Lamar West; L.C. Zeigenfuss, personal communication). A second set of observations, which included additional sites in RMNP measured the growth and stature of browsed and unbrowsed plants.
\nSinger et al. (1998) reported response to the clipping experiment in their Table 5. Even under the most severe clipping treatments, willow height and annual production were maintained in RMNP willows but declincd in YNP willows. Willows in RMNP responded to the 50% clipping treatment by increasing the level of chemical defenses (tannins and phenolics), whereas the chemical defenses of YNP willows remained relatively constant. The authors surmised that 1) enhanced vigor may enable a plant's terminal leader to grow out of ungulates' reach and 2) increased production of chemical defenses may deter herbivory.
\nSinger et al. (1998) concluded that the betweenpark differences were directly related to better growing conditions in RMNP compared to YNP The better growing conditions in RMNP were attributed to: 1) higher effective precipitation, 2) more beaver activity, 3) more beaver dams in drainages, and 4) higher water tables near streamsides. There are several reasons the experiment conducted by Singer et al. (1998) does not support these conclusions.
\n\n
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","usgsCitation":"Keigley, R., 2000, Elk, beaver, and the persistence of willows in national parks: comment on Singer et al. (1998).: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 2, p. 448-450.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"448","endPage":"450","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 44.044167353572185\n ],\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 45.09679146394738\n ],\n [\n -109.57763671875,\n 45.09679146394738\n ],\n [\n -109.57763671875,\n 44.044167353572185\n ],\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 44.044167353572185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.01531982421875,\n 40.0360265298117\n ],\n [\n -106.01531982421875,\n 40.62854560636587\n ],\n [\n -105.369873046875,\n 40.62854560636587\n ],\n [\n -105.369873046875,\n 40.0360265298117\n ],\n [\n -106.01531982421875,\n 40.0360265298117\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf4be4b0112df6c62e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keigley, R.B.","contributorId":85115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigley","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159669,"text":"70159669 - 2000 - The phenology of space: Spatial aspects of bison density dependence in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-17T14:38:29","indexId":"70159669","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"The phenology of space: Spatial aspects of bison density dependence in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"
The Yellowstone bison represent the only bison population in the United States that survived in the wild the near-extermination of the late 1800's. This paper capitalizes on a unique opportunity provided by the record of the bison population of Yellowstone National Park (YNP). This population has been intensely monitored for almost four decades. The analysis of long-term spatio-temporal data from 1970-1997 supports the following conclusions. 1) Even though the Yellowstone bison herd exhibits an extended period of what appears to be linear growth, this pattern can be explained with classical density dependent dynamics if one realizes that perhaps the primary response of the herd to increased density is range expansion. 2) Several spatial aspects of social behavior in the YNP bison may be behavioral adaptations by the bison to environmental changes. These behavioral strategies may buffer, temporarily at least, bison population dynamics from the immediate repercussions of possible environmental stress and habitat deterioration. 3) Bison ecological carrying capacity for YNP is on the order of 2800 to 3200 animals. 4) There do appear to be indications of changes in the bison dynamics that are associated with increasing use of sections of the interior road system in winter. 5) The possibility of habitat degradation is indicated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Montana State University","publisherLocation":"Bozeman, MT","usgsCitation":"Taper, M., Meagher, M., and Jerde, C., 2000, The phenology of space: Spatial aspects of bison density dependence in Yellowstone National Park, 109 p.","productDescription":"109 p.","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311414,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=idn_ceos&KeywordPath=[Parameters%3A+Topic%3D%27BIOLOGICAL+CLASSIFICATION%27%2C+Term%3D%27ANIMALS%2FVERTEBRATES%27%2C+Variable_Level_1%3D%27MAMMALS%27]&EntryId=NRMSC_phenologyofspace&MetadataView=Full&MetadataType=0&lbnode=mdlb3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 43.46886761482925\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 45.625563438215956\n ],\n [\n -108.9019775390625,\n 45.625563438215956\n ],\n [\n -108.9019775390625,\n 43.46886761482925\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 43.46886761482925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5defe4b0ebfbef0d349b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taper, M.L.","contributorId":36514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taper","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meagher, M.","contributorId":67475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meagher","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jerde, C.L.","contributorId":52114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jerde","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159713,"text":"70159713 - 2000 - Effect of browsing on willow in the Steel Creek grazing allotment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T10:43:37","indexId":"70159713","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-09T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Effect of browsing on willow in the Steel Creek grazing allotment","docAbstract":"The Steel Creek drainage serves as both wildlife range (primarily moose and elk) and as a livestock grazing allotment. For some years there has been concern about the effect of browsing on willows. Dense clusters of twigs have formed at the end of branches; entire stems of some plants have died. As of 1996, the relative impacts attributable to each of the ungulate species had not been documented.
\nIn 1997 a study was begun to determine: a) the current level of browsing, b) the history of past browsing pressure, and c) the relative roles of the different ungulate species. All areas surveyed in 1997 were found to be 100% intensely browsed as measured by the methods described in Keigley and Frisina (1998). A reconstructed history of aspen browsing indicated that browsing pressure increased sometime in the mid-1980s (Keigley and Frisina 1998: pp. 122-124). The intense aspen browsing occurred east of the Steel Creek Ranger Station in an area in which all livestock have been excluded for several years, thus indicating that wildlife were responsible. While the 1997 study indicated that wildlife had a significant impact on browse condition, no data were collected that documented the potential impact of livestock within grazed areas, or the combined impact of livestock and wildlife.
\nIn 1998 we began a study of browsing impacts in the Steel Creek grazing allotment. The objectives of the study were to:
\n1. Determine willow growth potential,
\n2. Document the effect of browsing,
\n3. Document the response of willows to protection from browsing,
\n4. Determine the amount consumed each year,
\n5. Distinguish between the impacts of livestock and wildlife, and
\n6. Evaluate the consistency of the measurement methods.
\nView upstream from the study area. Salix geyerriana is the dominant willow species. Salix drummondiana and S. Boothii are less common; older individuals of both species grow to about 2-m tall. Salix bebbiana is much less common, and where present, is browsed close to ground level. The carcass of an old Bebb willow that had attained typical stature is located near the study area. Beaver are absent. The remains of relic beaver dams indicate that beaver were once an important hydrologic influence.
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Thus, burial heating models of sedimentary basins, which typically span kilometers in depth and persist over geological time frames, should consider Ts history to increase their accuracy. In any case, Ts history becomes important when it changes enough to be detected by a thermal maturation index like vitrinite reflectance, a parameter widely used to constrain burial heating models. Assessment of the general temperature conditions leading to petroleum generation indicates that changes in Ts as small as 6°C can be detected by vitrinite reflectance measurements. This low temperature threshold indicates that oil and gas windows can be significantly influenced by Ts history. A review of paleoclimatic factors suggests the significant and geologically resolvable factors affecting Ts history are paleolatitude, long-term changes between cool and warm geological periods (climate mode), the degree to which a basin is removed from the sea (geographic isolation), and elevation or depth relative to sea level. Case studies using geologically realistic data ranges or different methods of estimating Ts in a burial heating model indicate a significant impact of Ts when: (1) continental drift, subduction, tectonism and erosion significantly change paleolatitude, paleoaltitude, or paleogeography; (2) strata are at, or near, maximum burial, and changes in Ts directly influence maximum burial temperature; and (3), when a significant change in Ts occurs near the opening or closing of the oil or gas windows causing petroleum generation to begin or cease. Case studies show that during the burial heating and petroleum generation phase of basin development changes in climate mode alone can influence Ts by about 15°C. At present, Ts changes from the poles to the equator by about 50°C. Thus, in extreme cases, continental drift alone can seemingly produce Ts changes on the order of 50°C over a time frame of 107 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00057-9","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., 2000, A paleolatitude approach to assessing surface temperature history for use in burial heating models: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 121-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00057-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":585,"text":"Thermal Maturity LaboratoryU.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281433,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00057-9"},{"id":281434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4a40e4b0b290850efa73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70073910,"text":"70073910 - 2000 - Future oil and gas resources of the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T14:41:00","indexId":"70073910","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T14:35:54","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future oil and gas resources of the world","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","usgsCitation":"Ahlbrandt, T., Charpentier, R., Klett, T., Schmoker, J., Schenk, C.J., and Ulmishek, G., 2000, Future oil and gas resources of the world: Geotimes, v. 45, no. 6, p. 24-25.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5a63e4b0b290850f950f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmoker, J. W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":72344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ulmishek, G. F.","contributorId":89144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulmishek","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70073904,"text":"70073904 - 2000 - Physical modeling of a prototype slim-hold time-domain dielectric logging tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T13:32:42","indexId":"70073904","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T13:27:27","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Physical modeling of a prototype slim-hold time-domain dielectric logging tool","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the symposium on the Application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","publisherLocation":"Wheat Ridge, CO","usgsCitation":"Abraham, J., 2000, Physical modeling of a prototype slim-hold time-domain dielectric logging tool, in Proceedings of the symposium on the Application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems, p. 503-512.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"512","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6b7be4b0b29085103ee0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Powers, M. H.","contributorId":113373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M. 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This generated interest among scientists and land-use planners in how historic El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) winters have affected the coastal climate of central California. A relative ENSO intensity index based on oceanographic and meteorologic data defines the timing and magnitude of ENSO events over the past century. The index suggests that five higher intensity (relative values 4–6) and 17 lower intensity (relative values 1–3) ENSO events took place between 1910 and 1995. The ENSO intensity index correlates with fluctuations in the time series of cyclone activity, precipitation, detrended sea level, wave height, sea-surface temperature, and sea-level barometric pressure. Wave height, sea level, and precipitation, which are the primary external forcing parameters in sea-cliff erosion, increase nonlinearly with increasing relative ENSO event intensity. The number of storms that caused coastal erosion or storm damage and the historic occurrence of large-scale sea-cliff erosion along the central coast also increase nonlinearly with increasing relative event intensity. These correlations and the frequency distribution of relative ENSO event intensities indicate that moderate- to high-intensity ENSO events cause the most sea-cliff erosion and shoreline recession over the course of a century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<236:IOENOE>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., and Griggs, G.B., 2000, Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the evolution of central California's shoreline: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 2, p. 236-249, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<236:IOENOE>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"249","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe9f51e4b0824b2d14f933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griggs, Gary B.","contributorId":88820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118018,"text":"70118018 - 2000 - Where does the mud go?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T08:52:51","indexId":"70118018","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T08:48:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Where does the mud go?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem Observations for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary 2000","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary","publisherLocation":"Montery, CA; Silver Spring, MD","usgsCitation":"Eittreim, S.L., Field, M.E., and Noble, M., 2000, Where does the mud go?, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.145263,36.629278 ], [ -122.145263,36.941309 ], [ -121.827806,36.941309 ], [ -121.827806,36.629278 ], [ -122.145263,36.629278 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe9f51e4b0824b2d14f935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eittreim, Stephen L.","contributorId":8452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noble, Marlene","contributorId":29463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}