{"pageNumber":"317","pageRowStart":"7900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10457,"records":[{"id":1000789,"text":"1000789 - 1998 - Intra-lake variation in maturity, fecundity, and spawning of slimy sculpins (Cottus cognatus) in southern Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T00:14:09.461823","indexId":"1000789","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intra-lake variation in maturity, fecundity, and spawning of slimy sculpins (Cottus cognatus) in southern Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Knowledge of the spawning cycle and factors affecting fecundity of slimy sculpins (Cottus cognatus) are important in understanding the population dynamics of this species in large lake systems, like Lake Ontario. Fecundity and the spawning cycle of slimy sculpins were described from samples of slimy sculpins and their egg masses collected with bottom trawls during four annual surveys, April to October, 1988 to 1994. Incidence of gravid females and collections of their egg masses indicated that spawning by slimy sculpins likely occurred from late April to mid October in Lake Ontario. Protracted spawning by slimy sculpins in Lake Ontario is probably a function of the annual water temperature cycle at various depths. Mean length of gravid females was inversely related to density of slimy sculpins. Fecundity ranged from 55 to 1,157 eggs among fish 55 to 127 mm long, and for similar-sized fish, fecundity was inversely related to density of slimy sculpins. Fecundity was about 50% higher at Olcott, where population indices of slimy sculpins were low, compared with Nine Mile Point where indices were much higher. Somatic weight or total length were both good predictors of fecundity. Lipid content of slimy sculpins was lower in an area of high sculpin abundance than in an area of low sculpin abundance, suggesting that fecundity was a function of density-dependent food availability. In large aquatic ecosystems, samples from more than one area may be necessary to describe fecundity of a sedentary species like slimy sculpin, especially if fish densities vary considerably among geographic areas. Large geographic variations in fecundity may be an indicator of spatial imbalance of a species with its prey. Low fecundity may be a compensatory response of slimy sculpins to low food supplies, thereby limiting population growth.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70829-9","usgsCitation":"Owens, R.W., and Noguchi, G.E., 1998, Intra-lake variation in maturity, fecundity, and spawning of slimy sculpins (Cottus cognatus) in southern Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 383-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70829-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48ace4b07f02db52d38f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owens, Randall W.","contributorId":23871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noguchi, George E.","contributorId":42552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noguchi","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013411,"text":"1013411 - 1998 - Serum biochemistry of captive and free-ranging gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T12:17:29","indexId":"1013411","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serum biochemistry of captive and free-ranging gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Normal serum biochemistry values are frequently obtained from studies of captive sedentary (zoo) or free-ranging (wild) animals. It is frequently assumed that values from these two populations are directly referable to each other. We tested this assumption using 20 captive gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) in Minnesota, USA, and 11 free-ranging gray wolves in Alaska, USA. Free-ranging wolves had significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05) lower sodium, chloride, and creatine concentrations and significantly higher potassium and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations; BUN to creatine ratios; and alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase activities relative to captive wolves. Corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase activity (a marker of stress in domestic dogs) was detected in 3 of 11 free-ranging wolves and in 0 of 20 captive wolves (<i>P</i> = 0.037). This study provides clear evidence that serum biochemical differences can exist between captive and free-ranging populations of one species. Accordingly, evaluation of the health status of an animal should incorporate an understanding of the potential confounding effect that nutrition, activity level, and environmental stress could have on the factor(s) being measured.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","usgsCitation":"Constable, P., Hinchcliff, K., Demma, N., Callahan, M., Dale, B., Fox, K., Adams, L., Wack, R., and Kramer, L., 1998, Serum biochemistry of captive and free-ranging gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 29, no. 4, p. 435-440.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5ac2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constable, Peter","contributorId":40954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constable","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinchcliff, Ken","contributorId":67479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinchcliff","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demma, Nick","contributorId":105682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demma","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Callahan, Margaret","contributorId":16317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callahan","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dale, B.W.","contributorId":48902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, Kevin","contributorId":12828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13670,"text":"National Park Service, Denali National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wack, Ray","contributorId":70355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wack","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kramer, Lynn","contributorId":181741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":1013250,"text":"1013250 - 1998 - Flow-cytometric determination of genotoxic effects of exposure to petroleum in mink and sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T16:44:29","indexId":"1013250","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow-cytometric determination of genotoxic effects of exposure to petroleum in mink and sea otters","docAbstract":"Three experiments were conducted to investigate the genotoxic effects of crude oil on mink and sea otters, In the first experiment, the effects on mink of chronic exposure to weathered Prudhoe Bay crude oil were studied, Female mink were fed a diet that included weathered crude oil for a period of 3 weeks prior to mating, during pregnancy and until weaning. Kits were exposed through lactation and by diet after weaning until 4 months of age. Kidney and liver tissues of the kits were examined using flow cytometry (FCM) and it was found that the genome size was increased in kidney samples from the experimental group compared to the control group. This effect was probably due to some type of DNA amplification and it could have been inherited from the exposed mothers or have been a somatic response to oil exposure in the pups, No evidence of clastogenic effects, as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) of the G(1) peak, was found in kidney or liver tissue. In the second experiment, yearling female mink were exposed either by diet or externally to crude oil or bunker C fuel oil. Evidence for clastogenic damage was found in spleen tissue for the exposure groups, but not in kidney tissue. No evidence of increased genome size was observed. In the third experiment, blood was obtained from wild-caught sea otters in Prince William Sound. The sea otters represented two populations: one from western Prince William Sound that was potentially exposed to oil from the Exxon Valdez oil spill and a reference population from eastern Prince William Sound that did not receive oil from the spill. The spill had occurred 1.5 years prior to obtaining the blood samples. Although the mean CVs did not differ between the populations, the exposed population had a significantly higher variance of CV measurements and five out of 15 animals from the exposed population had CVs higher than the 95% confidence limits of the reference population, It is concluded that FCM is a sensitive indicator of the clastogenic effects of oil exposure and that haematopoietic tissues and blood are best for detecting clastogenic damage. Moreover, the observed differences in the genome size of the kidney cells mere possibly heritable effects, but this needs further investigation. Lastly, sea otters exposed to spilled oil 1.5 years earlier showed evidence of clastogenic damage in one-third of the individuals sampled.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1008930626834","usgsCitation":"Bickham, J., Mazet, J., Blake, J., Smolen, M., Lou, Y., and Ballachey, B.E., 1998, Flow-cytometric determination of genotoxic effects of exposure to petroleum in mink and sea otters: Ecotoxicology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 191-199, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008930626834.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"199","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de843","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bickham, J. W.","contributorId":87483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickham","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazet, J.A.","contributorId":44515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazet","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blake, J.","contributorId":49760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smolen, M.J.","contributorId":37300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smolen","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lou, Y.","contributorId":38950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1015692,"text":"1015692 - 1998 - Relationships among environmental variables and distribution of tree species at high elevation in the Olympic Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:49","indexId":"1015692","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships among environmental variables and distribution of tree species at high elevation in the Olympic Mountains","docAbstract":"Relationships among environmental variables and occurrence of tree species were\r\ninvestigated at Hurricane Ridge in Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. A transect\r\nconsisting of three plots was established down one north-and one south-facing slope in\r\nstands representing the typical elevational sequence of tree species. Tree species\r\nincluded subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), mountain\r\nhemlock (Tsuga mertensiana), and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis). Air and soil\r\ntemperature, precipitation, and soil moisture were measured during three growing\r\nseasons. Snowmelt patterns, soil carbon and moisture release curves were also\r\ndetermined. The plots represented a wide range in soil water potential, a major\r\ndeterminant of tree species distribution (range of minimum values = -1.1 to -8.0 MPa for\r\nPacific silver fir and Douglas-fir plots, respectively). Precipitation intercepted at plots\r\ndepended on topographic location, storm direction and storm type. Differences in soil\r\nmoisture among plots was related to soil properties, while annual differences at each\r\nplot were most often related to early season precipitation. Changes in climate due to a\r\ndoubling of atmospheric CO2 will likely shift tree species distributions within, but not\r\namong aspects. Change will be buffered by innate tolerance of adult trees and the inertia\r\nof soil properties.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Woodward, A., 1998, Relationships among environmental variables and distribution of tree species at high elevation in the Olympic Mountains: Northwest Science, v. 72, no. 1, p. 10-22.","productDescription":"p. 10-22","startPage":"10","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1016019,"text":"1016019 - 1998 - Short-term influence of tank tracks on vegetation and microphytic crusts in shrubsteppe habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:42:21.607555","indexId":"1016019","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term influence of tank tracks on vegetation and microphytic crusts in shrubsteppe habitat","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Nutt.) habitat within the Idaho Army National Guard Orchard Training Area in southwestern Idaho. The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term (1–2 years) influence of tank tracks on vegetation and microphytic crusts in shrubsteppe habitat. The two types of tank tracks studied were divots (area where one track has been stopped or slowed to make a sharp turn) and straight-line tracks. Divots generally had a stronger influence on vegetation and microphytic crusts than did straight-line tracks. Tank tracks increased cover of bare ground, litter, and exotic annuals, and reduced cover of vegetation, perennial native grasses, sagebrush, and microphytic crusts. Increased bare ground and reduced cover of vegetation and microphytic crusts caused by tank tracks increase the potential for soil erosion and may reduce ecosystem productivity. Reduced sagebrush cover caused by tank tracks may reduce habitat quality for rodents. Tank tracks may also facilitate the invasion of exotic annuals into sagebrush habitat, increasing the potential for wildfire and subsequent habitat degradation. Thus, creation of divots and movement through sagebrush habitat by tanks should be minimized.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002679900132","usgsCitation":"Watts, S.E., 1998, Short-term influence of tank tracks on vegetation and microphytic crusts in shrubsteppe habitat: Environmental Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 611-616, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900132.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"616","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3efe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Stephen E.","contributorId":11578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1016022,"text":"1016022 - 1998 - Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T15:40:04","indexId":"1016022","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin","docAbstract":"Broad-scale avian surveys have been attempted within North America with mixed results. Arid regions, such as the Great Basin, are often poorly sampled because of the vastness of the region, inaccessibility of sites, and few ornithologists. In addition, extreme variability in wetland habitat conditions present special problems for conducting censuses of species inhabiting these areas. We examined these issues in assessing multi-scale shorebird (order: Charadriiformes) censuses conducted in the western Great Basin from 1992-1997. On ground surveys, we recorded 31 species of shorebirds, but were unable to accurately estimate population size. Conversely, on aerial surveys we were able to estimate regional abundance of some shorebirds, but were unable to determine species diversity. Aerial surveys of three large alkali lakes in Oregon (Goose, Summer, and Abert Lakes) revealed > 300,000 shorebirds in one year of this study, of which 67% were American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and 30% phalaropes (Phalaropus spp.). These lakes clearly meet Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network guidelines for designation as important shorebird sites. Based upon simulations of our monitoring effort and the magnitude and variation of numbers of American Avocets, detection of S-10% negative declines in populations of these birds would take a minimum of 7-23 years of comparable effort. We conclude that a combination of ground and aerial surveys must be conducted at multiple sites and years and over a large region to obtain an accurate picture of the diversity, abundance, and trends of shorebirds in the western Great Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369741","usgsCitation":"Warnock, N., Haig, S.M., and Oring, L.W., 1998, Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin: The Condor, v. 100, no. 4, p. 589-600, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369741.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"600","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oring, Lewis W.","contributorId":16757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001787,"text":"1001787 - 1998 - Checklist and \"Pollard Walk\" butterfly survey methods on public lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:30:23","indexId":"1001787","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Checklist and \"Pollard Walk\" butterfly survey methods on public lands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Checklist and “Pollard Walk” butterfly survey methods were contemporaneously applied to seven public sites in North Dakota during the summer of 1995. Results were compared for effect of method and site on total number of butterflies and total number of species detected per hour. Checklist searching produced significantly more butterfly detections per hour than Pollard Walks at all sites. Number of species detected per hour did not differ significantly either among sites or between methods. Many species were detected by only one method, and at most sites generalist and invader species were more likely to be observed during checklist searches than during Pollard Walks. Results indicate that checklist surveys are a more efficient means for initial determination of a species list for a site, whereas for long-term monitoring the Pollard Walk is more practical and statistically manageable. Pollard Walk transects are thus recommended once a prairie butterfly fauna has been defined for a site by checklist surveys.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0358:CAPWBS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Royer, R.A., Austin, J.E., and Newton, W.E., 1998, Checklist and \"Pollard Walk\" butterfly survey methods on public lands: American Midland Naturalist, v. 140, no. 2, p. 358-371, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0358:CAPWBS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"358","endPage":"371","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royer, Ronald A.","contributorId":174732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Royer","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. jaustin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007916,"text":"1007916 - 1998 - Pathology of diseases in wild desert tortoises from California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-03T00:09:58.393476","indexId":"1007916","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathology of diseases in wild desert tortoises from California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"10405042\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Twenty-four ill or dead desert tortoises (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) were received between March 1992 and July 1995 for necropsies from the Mojave and Colorado deserts of California (USA). Diseases observed in these animals included cutaneous dyskeratosis (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 7); shell necrosis (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 2); respiratory diseases (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 7); urolithiasis (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 3); and trauma (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 5). In tortoises with cutaneous dyskeratosis the horn layer of shell was disrupted by multiple crevices and fissures and, in the most severe lesions, dermal bone showed osteoclastic resorption, remodeling, and osteopenia. In tortoises with shell necrosis, multiple foci of necrotic cell debris and heterophilic inflammation within the epidermal horn layer were subtended by necrotic dermal bone colonized by bacteria and fungi. Of the seven tortoises with respiratory disease, five were diagnosed with mycoplasmosis. The diagnosis of mycoplasmosis was based on the presence of chronic proliferative rhinitis and positive serologic tests and/or isolation of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mycoplasma</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sp. Chronic fungal pneumonia was diagnosed in one tortoise with respiratory disease. In the three tortoises with urolithiasis, two were discovered dead, and the live tortoise had renal and articular gout. Traumatic injuries consisted of one tortoise entombed within its burrow, one tortoise burned in a brush fire, two tortoises struck by moving vehicles, and one tortoise attacked by a predator. While the primary cause of illness could be attributed to one or two major disease processes, lesions were often found in multiple organ systems, and a variety of etiologies were responsible for morbidity and mortality.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-34.3.508","usgsCitation":"Homer, B., Berry, K., Brown, M., Ellis, G., and Jacobson, E., 1998, Pathology of diseases in wild desert tortoises from California: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 34, no. 3, p. 508-523, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.3.508.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"523","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479873,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.3.508","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homer, B.L.","contributorId":18715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Mary E. 0000-0002-5580-137X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-137X","contributorId":38112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Mary E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis, G.","contributorId":101229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jacobson, E.R.","contributorId":65786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020037,"text":"70020037 - 1998 - Microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon- and chlorinated-solvent- contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T20:53:28.810079","indexId":"70020037","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon- and chlorinated-solvent- contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation","docAbstract":"<p><span>A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic approach was used to survey constituents of microbial communities associated with an aquifer contaminated with hydrocarbons (mainly jet fuel) and chlorinated solvents undergoing intrinsic bioremediation. Samples were obtained from three redox zones: methanogenic, methanogenic-sulfate reducing, and iron or sulfate reducing. Small-subunit rRNA genes were amplified directly from aquifer material DNA by PCR with universally conserved or&nbsp;</span><i>Bacteria</i><span>- or</span><i>Archaea</i><span>-specific primers and were cloned. A total of 812 clones were screened by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), approximately 50% of which were unique. All RFLP types that occurred more than once in the libraries, as well as many of the unique types, were sequenced. A total of 104 (94 bacterial and 10 archaeal) sequence types were determined. Of the 94 bacterial sequence types, 10 have no phylogenetic association with known taxonomic divisions and are phylogenetically grouped in six novel division level groups (candidate divisions WS1 to WS6); 21 belong to four recently described candidate divisions with no cultivated representatives (OP5, OP8, OP10, and OP11); and 63 are phylogenetically associated with 10 well-recognized divisions. The physiology of two particularly abundant sequence types obtained from the methanogenic zone could be inferred from their phylogenetic association with groups of microorganisms with a consistent phenotype. One of these sequence types is associated with the genus&nbsp;</span><i>Syntrophus</i><span>;&nbsp;</span><i>Syntrophus</i><span>&nbsp;spp. produce energy from the anaerobic oxidation of organic acids, with the production of acetate and hydrogen. The organism represented by the other sequence type is closely related to&nbsp;</span><i>Methanosaeta</i><span>spp., which are known to be capable of energy generation only through aceticlastic methanogenesis. We hypothesize, therefore, that the terminal step of hydrocarbon degradation in the methanogenic zone of the aquifer is aceticlastic methanogenesis and that the microorganisms represented by these two sequence types occur in syntrophic association.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.10.3869-3877.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Dojka, M., Hugenholtz, P., Haack, S., and Pace, N., 1998, Microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon- and chlorinated-solvent- contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 10, p. 3869-3877, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.10.3869-3877.1998.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3869","endPage":"3877","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.10.3869-3877.1998","text":"External Repository"},{"id":228307,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a564de4b0c8380cd6d4c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dojka, M.A.","contributorId":95330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dojka","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hugenholtz, P.","contributorId":55280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hugenholtz","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pace, N.R.","contributorId":60079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pace","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021383,"text":"70021383 - 1998 - Sensitivity of condition indices to changing density in a white-tailed deer population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-02T11:26:17.838032","indexId":"70021383","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of condition indices to changing density in a white-tailed deer population","docAbstract":"<div id=\"9841909\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The ways in which comprehensive condition profiles, incorporating morphometric, histologic, physiologic, and diet quality indices, responded to changes in density of a white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) population were examined. Changes in these condition indices were monitored in a northeastern Oklahoma deer herd as density declined from peaks of 80 and 72 deer/km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1989 and 1990 (high-density) to lows of 39 and 41 deer/km<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1991 and 1992 (reduced-density), respectively. Compared to a reference population (6 deer/km<sub>2</sub>), deer sampled during high-density exhibited classic signs of nutritional stress such as low body and visceral organ masses (except elevated adrenal gland mass), low fecal nitrogen levels, reduced concentrations of serum albumin, elevated serum creatinine concentrations, and a high prevalence of parasitic infections. Although density declined by one half over the 4-yr study, gross indices of condition (in particular body mass and size) remained largely unchanged. However, selected organ masses, serum albumin and non-protein nitrogen constituents, and fecal nitrogen indices reflected improvements in nutritional status with reductions in density. Many commonly used indices of deer condition (fat reserves, hematocrit, total serum protein, and blood urea nitrogen) were not responsive to fluctuations in density.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.110","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Sams, M., Lochmiller, R., Qualls, C., and Leslie, D., 1998, Sensitivity of condition indices to changing density in a white-tailed deer population: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 34, no. 1, p. 110-125, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.110.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488873,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d2ce4b08c986b3182b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, M.G.","contributorId":61200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sams","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lochmiller, R.L.","contributorId":68061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lochmiller","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qualls, C.W. Jr.","contributorId":10949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qualls","given":"C.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021366,"text":"70021366 - 1998 - Riparian zones as havens for exotic plant species in the central grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021366","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian zones as havens for exotic plant species in the central grasslands","docAbstract":"In the Central Grasslands of the United States, we hypothesized that riparian zones high in soil fertility would contain more exotic plant species than upland areas of low soil fertility. Our alternate hypothesis was that riparian zones high in native plant species richness and cover would monopolize available resources and resist invasion by exotic species. We gathered nested-scale vegetation data from 40 1 m2subplots (nested in four 1000 m2 plots) in both riparian and upland sites at four study areas in Colorado, Wyoming, and South Dakota (a total of 320 1 m2subplots and 32 1000 m2 plots). At the 1 m2 scale, mean foliar cover of native species was significantly greater (P < 0.001) in riparian zones (36.6% ?? 1.7%) compared to upland sites (28.7% ?? 1.5%), but at this small scale there were no consistent patterns of native and exotic species richness among the four management areas. Mean exotic species cover was slightly higher in upland sites compared to riparian sites (9.0% ?? 3.8% versus 8.2% ?? 3.0% cover). However, mean exotic species richness and cover were greater in the riparian zones than upland sites in three of four management areas. At the 1000 m2 scale, mean exotic species richness was also significantly greater (P < 0.05) in riparian zones (7.8 ?? 1.0 species) compared to upland sites (4.8 ?? 1.0 species) despite the heavy invasion of one upland site. For all 32 plots combined, 21% of the variance in exotic species richness was explained by positive relationships with soil % silt (t = 1.7, P = 0.09) and total foliar cover (t = 2.4, P = 0.02). Likewise, 26% of the variance in exotic species cover (log10 cover) was explained by positive relationships with soil % silt (t = 2.3, P = 0.03) and total plant species richness (t = 2.4, P = 0.02). At landscape scales (four 1000 m2 plots per type combined), total foliar cover was significantly and positively correlated with exotic species richness (r = 0.73, P < 0.05) and cover (r = 0.74, P < 0.05). Exotic species cover (log10 cover) was positively correlated with log10% N in the soil (r = 0.61, P = 0.11) at landscape scales. On average, we found that 85% (??5%) of the total number of exotic species in the sampling plots of a given management area could be found in riparian zones, while only 50% (??8%) were found in upland plots. We conclude that: (1 species-rich and productive riparian zones are particularly invasible in grassland ecosystems; and (2) riparian zones may act as havens, corridors, and sources of exotic plant invasions for upland sites and pose a significant challenge to land managers and conservation biologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1009764909413","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., Bull, K., Otsuki, Y., Villa, C., and Lee, M., 1998, Riparian zones as havens for exotic plant species in the central grasslands: Plant Ecology, v. 138, no. 1, p. 113-125, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009764909413.","startPage":"113","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009764909413"}],"volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad83e4b0c8380cd86efd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bull, K.A.","contributorId":60166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otsuki, Yuka","contributorId":23107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otsuki","given":"Yuka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Villa, C.A.","contributorId":87097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villa","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, M.","contributorId":32484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021360,"text":"70021360 - 1998 - Using sediment 'fingerprints' to assess sediment-budget errors, north Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021360","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using sediment 'fingerprints' to assess sediment-budget errors, north Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii, 1991-92","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of sediment-budget errors are important for interpreting sediment-budget results. Sediment-budget errors are commonly considered equal to sediment-budget imbalances, which may underestimate actual sediment-budget errors if they include compensating positive and negative errors. We modified the sediment 'fingerprinting' approach to qualitatively evaluate compensating errors in an annual (1991) fine (<63 ??m) sediment budget for the North Halawa Valley, a mountainous, forested drainage basin on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, during construction of a major highway. We measured concentrations of aeolian quartz and 137Cs in sediment sources and fluvial sediments, and combined concentrations of these aerosols with the sediment budget to construct aerosol budgets. Aerosol concentrations were independent of the sediment budget, hence aerosol budgets were less likely than sediment budgets to include compensating errors. Differences between sediment-budget and aerosol-budget imbalances therefore provide a measure of compensating errors in the sediment budget. The sediment-budget imbalance equalled 25% of the fluvial fine-sediment load. Aerosol-budget imbalances were equal to 19% of the fluvial 137Cs load and 34% of the fluval quartz load. The reasonably close agreement between sediment- and aerosol-budget imbalances indicates that compensating errors in the sediment budget were not large and that the sediment-budget imbalance as a reliable measure of sediment-budget error. We attribute at least one-third of the 1991 fluvial fine-sediment load to highway construction. Continued monitoring indicated that highway construction produced 90% of the fluvial fine-sediment load during 1992. Erosion of channel margins and attrition of coarse particles provided most of the fine sediment produced by natural processes. Hillslope processes contributed relatively minor amounts of sediment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<493::AID-ESP862>3.0.CO;2-V","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Hill, B.R., DeCarlo, E., Fuller, C.C., and Wong, M., 1998, Using sediment 'fingerprints' to assess sediment-budget errors, north Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii, 1991-92: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 23, no. 6, p. 493-508, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<493::AID-ESP862>3.0.CO;2-V.","startPage":"493","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206473,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<493::AID-ESP862>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"id":229910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc099e4b08c986b32a201","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, B. R.","contributorId":72833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeCarlo, E.H.","contributorId":95212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCarlo","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, M.F.","contributorId":41052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021359,"text":"70021359 - 1998 - Spawning ecology of flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus lattipinnis (Catostomidae), in two small tributaries of the lower Colorado river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021359","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning ecology of flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus lattipinnis (Catostomidae), in two small tributaries of the lower Colorado river","docAbstract":"We report the first published accounts of spawning behavior and spawning site selection of the flannelmouth sucker in two small tributaries of the lower Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Spawning was observed on 20 March 1992 and from 28 March to 10 April 1993 in the Paria River, and from 16 to 19 March 1993 in Bright Angel Creek. Flannelmouth suckers exhibited promiscuous spawning behavior-individual females were typically paired with two or more males for a given event and sometimes changed partners between events. Multiple egg deposits by different females sometimes occurred at one spawning site. Flannelmouth sucker selected substrates from 16 to 32 mm diameter in both streams. Spawning occurred at depths of 10 to 25 cm in the Paria River and 19 to 41 cm in Bright Angel Creek. Mean column water velocities at spawning locations ranged from 0.15 to 1.0 m sec-1 in the Paria River and from 0.23 to 0.89 m sec-1 in Bright Angel Creek. Water temperatures recorded during spawning ranged from 9 to 18??C in the Paria River and 13 to 15??C in Bright Angel Creek. Spawning flannelmouth sucker ascended 9.8 km upstream in the Paria River and 1.25 km in Bright Angel Creek. Spawning females (410-580 mm) were significantly larger than spawning males (385-530 mm) in the Paria River. The mean size of spawning fish in the Paria River was significantly smaller than the entire stock, averaged throughout the study period (380-620 mm). However, fish spawning in 1992-1993 averaged 53 mm larger than fish spawning in the same reach of the Paria River in 1981, indicating a shift in the size structure of this stock.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007497513762","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Weiss, S., Otis, E., and Maughan, O., 1998, Spawning ecology of flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus lattipinnis (Catostomidae), in two small tributaries of the lower Colorado river: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 52, no. 4, p. 419-433, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007497513762.","startPage":"419","endPage":"433","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206467,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007497513762"},{"id":229868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94d5e4b08c986b31ac79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, S.J.","contributorId":72550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otis, E.O.","contributorId":80028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maughan, O.E.","contributorId":70520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maughan","given":"O.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021348,"text":"70021348 - 1998 - Simulating cholinesterase inhibition in birds caused by dietary insecticide exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T15:04:30","indexId":"70021348","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating cholinesterase inhibition in birds caused by dietary insecticide exposure","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a stochastic simulation model that simulates avian foraging in an agricultural landscape to evaluate factors affecting dietary insecticide exposure and to predict post-exposure cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition. To evaluate the model, we simulated published field studies and found that model predictions of insecticide decay and ChE inhibition reasonably approximated most observed results. Sensitivity analysis suggested that foraging location usually influenced ChE inhibition more than diet preferences or daily intake rate. Although organophosphorus insecticides usually caused greater inhibition than carbamate insecticides, insecticide toxicity appeared only moderately important. When we simulated impact of heavy insecticide applications during breeding seasons of 15 wild bird species, mean maximum ChE inhibition in most species exceeded 20% at some point. At this level of inhibition, birds may experience nausea and/or may exhibit minor behavioral changes. Simulated risk peaked in April–May and August–September and was lowest in July. ChE inhibition increased with proportion of vegetation in the diet. This model, and ones like it, may help predict insecticide exposure of and sublethal ChE inhibition in grassland animals, thereby reducing dependence of ecological risk assessments on field studies alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00174-9","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Corson, M., Mora, M., and Grant, W., 1998, Simulating cholinesterase inhibition in birds caused by dietary insecticide exposure: Ecological Modelling, v. 105, no. 2-3, p. 299-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00174-9.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206426,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00174-9"}],"volume":"105","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fcde4b08c986b319148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corson, M.S.","contributorId":12999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corson","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, W.E.","contributorId":78903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021346,"text":"70021346 - 1998 - Stable isotopes and sediments from Pickerel Lake, South Dakota, USA: A 12ky record of environmental changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021346","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotopes and sediments from Pickerel Lake, South Dakota, USA: A 12ky record of environmental changes","docAbstract":"Sedimentological parameters and stable O- and C-isotopic composition of marl and ostracode calcite selected from a 17.7-m-long core from the 8-m-deep center of Pickerel Lake, northeastern South Dakota, provide one of the longest (ca. 12ky) paleoenvironmental records from the northern Great Plains. The late Glacial to early Holocene climate in the northern Great Plains was characterized by changes from cold and wet to cold and dry, and back to cold and wet conditions. These climatic changes were controlled by fluctuations in the positions of the Laurentide ice sheet and the extent of glacial Lake Agassiz. We speculate that the cold and dry phase may correspond to the Younger Dryas event. A salinity maximum was reached between 10.3 and 9.5 ka, after which Pickerel Lake shifted from a system controlled by atmospheric changes to a system controlled by groundwater seepage that might have been initiated by the final withdrawal of Glacial Lake Agassiz. A prairie lake was established at approximately 8.7 ka, and lasted until about 2.2 ka. During this mid-Holocene prairie period, drier conditions than today prevailed, interrupted by periods of increased moisture at about 8, 4, and 2.2 ka. Prairie conditions were more likely dry and cool rather than dry and warm. The last 2.2 ka are characterized by higher climatic variability with 400-yr aridity cycles including the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age. Although the signal of changing atmospheric circulation is overprinted by fluctuations in the positions of the ice sheet and glacial Lake Agassiz during the late Glacial-Holocene transition, a combination of strong zonal circulation and strong monsoons induced by the presence of the ice sheet and high insolation may have provided mechanisms for increased precipitation. Zonal flow introducing dry Pacific air became more important during the prairie period but seems to have been interrupted by short periods of stronger meridional circulation with intrusions of moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. More frequent switching between periods of zonal and meridional circulation seem to be responsible for increased climatic variability during the last 2.2 ka.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007971226750","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Schwalb, A., and Dean, W., 1998, Stable isotopes and sediments from Pickerel Lake, South Dakota, USA: A 12ky record of environmental changes: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 15-30, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007971226750.","startPage":"15","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206414,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007971226750"},{"id":229670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9682e4b08c986b31b55c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwalb, A.","contributorId":31129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalb","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021340,"text":"70021340 - 1998 - The Cascadia Subduction Zone: Two contrasting models of lithospheric structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-06T11:54:43.729781","indexId":"70021340","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3067,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Cascadia Subduction Zone: Two contrasting models of lithospheric structure","docAbstract":"The Pacific margin of North America is one of the most complicated regions in the world in terms of its structure and present day geodynamic regime. The aim of this work is to develop a better understanding of lithospheric structure of the Pacific Northwest, in particular the Cascadia subduction zone of Southwest Canada and Northwest USA. The goal is to compare and contrast the lithospheric density structure along two profiles across the subduction zone and to interpet the differences in terms of active processes. The subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath North America changes markedly along the length of the subduction zone, notably in the angle of subduction, distribution of earthquakes and volcanism, goelogic and seismic structure of the upper plate, and regional horizontal stress. To investigate these characteristics, we conducted detailed density modeling of the crust and mantle along two transects across the Cascadia subduction zone. One crosses Vancouver Island and the Canadian margin, the other crosses the margin of central Oregon.","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0079-1946(98)00028-7","issn":"00791946","usgsCitation":"Romanyuk, T., Blakely, R., and Mooney, W.D., 1998, The Cascadia Subduction Zone: Two contrasting models of lithospheric structure: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 23, no. 3, p. 297-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-1946(98)00028-7.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Oregon, Washington, British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.20019531249999,\n              42.5530802889558\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.90527343750001,\n              42.5530802889558\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.90527343750001,\n              51.28940590271679\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.20019531249999,\n              51.28940590271679\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.20019531249999,\n              42.5530802889558\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6bee4b08c986b32126b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romanyuk, T.V.","contributorId":91270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanyuk","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, R.","contributorId":65569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021161,"text":"70021161 - 1998 - Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:14:22.848032","indexId":"70021161","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Although the presence of extensive gas hydrate on the Cascadia margin, offshore from the western U.S. and Canada, has been inferred from marine seismic records and pore water chemistry, solid gas hydrate has only been found at one location. At Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 892, offshore from central Oregon, gas hydrate was recovered close to the sediment-water interface at 2–19 m below the seafloor (mbsf) at 670 m water depth. The gas hydrate occurs as elongated platy crystals or crystal aggregates, mostly disseminated irregularly, with higher concentrations occurring in discrete zones, thin layers, and/or veinlets parallel or oblique to the bedding. A 2- to 3-cm thick massive gas hydrate layer, parallel to bedding, was recovered at ∼ 17 mbsf. Gas from a sample of this layer was composed of both CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and H<sub>2</sub>S. This sample is the first mixed-gas hydrate of CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S documented in ODP; it also contains ethane and minor amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>. Measured temperatures of the recovered core ranged from 2 to −1.8°C and are 6 to 8 degrees lower than in-situ temperatures. These temperature anomalies were caused by the partial dissociation of the CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate during recovery without a pressure core sampler.During this dissociation, toxic levels of H<sub>2</sub>S (δ<sup>34</sup>S, +27.4‰) were released. The δ<sup>13</sup>C values of the CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the gas hydrate, −64.5 to −67.5‰<sub>(PDB)</sub>, together with δD values of −197 to −199‰<sub>(SMOW)</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>indicate a primarily microbial source for the CH<sub>4</sub>. The δ<sup>18</sup>O value of the hydrate H<sub>2</sub>O is +2.9‰<sub>(SMOW)</sub>, comparable with the experimental fractionation factor for sea-ice. The unusual composition (CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S) and depth distribution (2–19 mbsf) of this gas hydrate indicate mixing between a methane-rich fluid with a pore fluid enriched in sulfide; at this site the former is advecting along an inclined fault into the active sulfate reduction zone. The facts that the CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate is primarily confined to the present day active sulfate reduction zone (2–19 mbsf), and that from here down to the BSR depth (19–68 mbsf) the gas hydrate inferred to exist is a ≥99% CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>hydrate, suggest that the mixing of CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and H<sub>2</sub>S is a geologically young process. Because the existence of a mixed CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate is indicative of moderate to intense advection of a methane-rich fluid into a near surface active sulfate reduction zone, tectonically active (faulted) margins with organic-rich sediments and moderate to high sedimentation rates are the most likely regions of occurrence. The extension of such a mixed hydrate below the sulfate reduction zone should reflect the time-span of methane advection into the sulfate reduction zone.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00013-2","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Kastner, M., Kvenvolden, K., and Lorenson, T., 1998, Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 156, no. 3-4, p. 173-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00013-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              42.07916277343969\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72265368371768,\n              42.07916277343969\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72265368371768,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"156","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5b0e4b0c8380cd4c378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kastner, M.","contributorId":21276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021160,"text":"70021160 - 1998 - Tectonic setting of synorogenic gold deposits of the Pacific Rim","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021160","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic setting of synorogenic gold deposits of the Pacific Rim","docAbstract":"More than 420 million oz of gold were concentrated in circum-Pacific synorogenic quartz loades mainly during two periods of continental growth, one along the Gondwanan margin in the Palaeozoic and the other in the northern Pacific basin between 170 and 50 Ma. These ores have many features in common and can be grouped into a single type of lode gold deposit widespread throughout clastic sedimentary-rock dominant terranes. The auriferous veins contain only a few percent sulphide minerals, have gold:silver ratios typically greater than 1:1, show a distinct association with medium grade metamorphic rocks, and may be associated with large-scale fault zone. Ore fluids are consistently of low salinity and are CO2-rich. In the early and middle Palaeozoic in the southern Pacific basin, a single immense turbidite sequence was added to the eastern margin of Gondwanaland. Deformation of these rocks in southeastern Australia was accompanied by deposition of at least 80 million oz of gold in the Victorian sector of the Lachlan fold belt mainly during the Middle and Late Devonian. Lesser Devonian gold accumulations characterized the more northerly parts of the Gondwanan margin within the Hodgkinson-Broken River and Thomson fold belts. Additional lodes were emplaced in this flyschoid sequence in Devonian or earlier Palaeozoic times in what is now the Buller Terrane, Westland, New Zealand. Minor post-Devonian growth of Gondwanaland included terrane collision and formation of gold-bearing veins in the Permian in Australia's New England fold belt and in the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous in New Zealand's Otago schists. Collision and accretion of dozens of terranes for a 100-m.y.-long period against the western margin of North America and eastern margin of Eurasia led to widespread, lattest Jurassic to Eocene gold veining in the northern Pacific basin. In the former location, Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous veins and related placer deposits along the western margin of the Sierra Nevada batholith have yielded more than 100 million oz of gold. Additional significant ore-forming events during the development of North America's Cordilleran orogen included those in the Klamath Mountains region, California in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous; the Klondike district, Yukon by the Early Cretaceous; the Nome and Fairbanks districts, Alaska, and the Bridge River district, British Columbia in the middle Cretaceous; and the Juneau gold belt, Alaska in the Eocene. Gold-bearing veins deposited during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous terrane collision that formed the present-day Russian Far East have been the source for more than 130 million oz of placer gold. The abundance of gold-bearing quartz-carbonate veins throughout the Gondwanan, North American and Eurasian continental margins suggests the migration and concentration of large fluid volumes during continental growth. Such volumes could be released during orogenic heating of hydrous silicate mineral phases within accreted marine strata. The common temporal association between gold veining and magmatism around the Pacific Rim reflects these thermal episodes. Melting of the lower thickened crust during arc formation, slab rollback and extensional tectonism, and subduction of a slab window beneath the seaward part of the forearc region can all provide the required heat for initation of the ore-forming processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00018-8","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Phillips, G., and Nokleberg, W., 1998, Tectonic setting of synorogenic gold deposits of the Pacific Rim: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 13, no. 1-5, p. 185-218, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00018-8.","startPage":"185","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00018-8"},{"id":229699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba47be4b08c986b32037d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, G.N.","contributorId":96439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021152,"text":"70021152 - 1998 - Radiogenic heat production in sedimentary rocks of the Gulf of Mexico basin, south Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T16:43:36.905472","indexId":"70021152","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiogenic heat production in sedimentary rocks of the Gulf of Mexico basin, south Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radiogenic heat production within the sedimentary section of the Gulf of Mexico basin is a significant source of heat. Radiogenic heat should be included in thermal models of this basin (and perhaps other sedimentary basins). We calculate that radiogenic heat may contribute up to 26% of the overall surface heat-flow density for an area in south Texas. Based on measurements of the radioactive decay rate of a-particles, potassium concentration, and bulk density, we calculate radiogenic heat production for Stuart City (Lower Cretaceous) limestones, Wilcox (Eocene) sandstones and mudrocks, and Frio (Oligocene) sandstones and mudrocks from south Texas. Heat production rates range from a low of 0.07 ±0.01 µW/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;in clean Stuart City limestones to 2.21 ±0.24 µW/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;in Frio mudrocks. Mean heat production rates for Wilcox sandstones, Frio sandstones, Wilcox mudrocks, and Frio mudrocks are 0.88, 1.19, 1.50, and 1.72 µW/m3, respectively. In general, the mudrocks produce about 30-40% more heat than stratigraphically equivalent sandstones. Frio rocks produce about 15% more heat than Wilcox rocks per unit volume of clastic rock (sandstone/mudrock). A one-dimensional heat- conduction model indicates that this radiogenic heat source has a significant effect on subsurface temperatures. If a thermal model were calibrated to observed temperatures by optimizing basal heat-flow density and ignoring sediment heat production, the extrapolated present-day temperature of a deeply buried source rock would be overestimated.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","doi":"10.1306/1D9BC449-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Mckenna, T.E., and Sharp, J.M., 1998, Radiogenic heat production in sedimentary rocks of the Gulf of Mexico basin, south Texas: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 82, no. 3, p. 484-496, https://doi.org/10.1306/1D9BC449-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"496","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93f9e4b0c8380cd81120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mckenna, Thomas E. tmckenna@usgs.gov","contributorId":4067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckenna","given":"Thomas","email":"tmckenna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":388817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, J. M. Jr.","contributorId":55989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021138,"text":"70021138 - 1998 - Effect of enhanced manganese oxidation in the hyporheic zone on basin-scale geochemical mass balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T07:41:30","indexId":"70021138","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of enhanced manganese oxidation in the hyporheic zone on basin-scale geochemical mass balance","docAbstract":"<p><span>We determined the role of the hyporheic zone (the subsurface zone where stream water and shallow groundwater mix) in enhancing microbially mediated oxidation of dissolved manganese (to form manganese precipitates) in a drainage basin contaminated by copper mining. The fate of manganese is of overall importance to water quality in Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona, because manganese reactions affect the transport of trace metals. The basin-scale role of the hyporheic zone is difficult to quantify because stream-tracer studies do not always reliably characterize the cumulative effects of the hyporheic zone. This study determined cumulative effects of hyporheic reactions in Pinal Creek basin by characterizing manganese uptake at several spatial scales (stream-reach scale, hyporheic-flow-path scale, and sediment-grain scale). At the stream-reach scale a one-dimensional stream-transport model (including storage zones to represent hyporheic flow paths) was used to determine a reach-averaged time constant for manganese uptake in hyporheic zones, 1/λ</span><sub>s</sub><span>, of 1.3 hours, which was somewhat faster but still similar to manganese uptake time constants that were measured directly in centimeter-scale hyporheic flow paths (1/λ</span><sub>h</sub><span>= 2.6 hours), and in laboratory batch experiments using streambed sediment (1/λ = 2.7 hours). The modeled depths of subsurface storage zones (</span><i>d<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 4–17 cm) and modeled residence times of water in storage zones (</span><i>t<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 3–12 min) were both consistent with direct measurements in hyporheic flow paths (</span><i>d<sub>h</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0–15 cm,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>t<sub>h</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1–25 min). There was also good agreement between reach-scale modeling and direct measurements of the percentage removal of dissolved manganese in hyporheic flow paths (</span><i>f<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 8.9%, and</span><i>f<sub>h</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 9.3%rpar;. Manganese uptake experiments in the laboratory using sediment from Pinal Creek demonstrated (through comparison of poisoned and unpoisoned treatments) that the manganese removal process was enhanced by microbially mediated oxidation. The cumulative effect of hyporheic exchange in Pinal Creek basin was to remove approximately 20% of the dissolved manganese flowing out of the drainage basin. Our results illustrate that the cumulative significance of reactive uptake in the hyporheic zone depends on the balance between chemical reaction rates, hyporheic porewater residence time, and turnover of streamflow through hyporheic flow paths. The similarity between the hyporheic reaction timescale (1/λ</span><sub>s</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>≈ 1.3 hours), and the hyporheic porewater residence timescale (</span><i>t<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>≈ 8 min) ensured that there was adequate time for the reaction to progress. Furthermore, it was the similarity between the turnover length for stream water flow through hyporheic flow paths (</span><i>L<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= stream velocity/storage-zone exchange coefficient ≈ 1.3 km) and the length of Pinal Creek (</span><i>L</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>≈ 7 km), which ensured that all stream water passed through hyporheic flow paths several times. As a means to generalize our findings to other sites where similar types of hydrologic and chemical information are available, we suggest a cumulative significance index for hyporheic reactions,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>R<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= λ</span><sub><i>s</i></sub><i>t<sub>s</sub></i><i>L</i><span>/</span><i>L</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(dimensionless); higher values indicate a greater potential for hyporheic reactions to influence geochemical mass balance. Our experience in Pinal Creek basin suggests that values of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>R<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&gt; 0.2 characterize systems where hyporheic reactions are likely to influence geochemical mass balance at the drainage-basin scale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR03606","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., and Fuller, C.C., 1998, Effect of enhanced manganese oxidation in the hyporheic zone on basin-scale geochemical mass balance: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 4, p. 623-636, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR03606.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"636","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d7e4b0c8380cd50fb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021125,"text":"70021125 - 1998 - The tectonic significance of pre-Scandian 40Ar/39Ar phengite cooling ages in the Caledonides of western Norway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T15:49:51.570617","indexId":"70021125","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The tectonic significance of pre-Scandian <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar phengite cooling ages in the Caledonides of western Norway","title":"The tectonic significance of pre-Scandian 40Ar/39Ar phengite cooling ages in the Caledonides of western Norway","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pre-Silurian continental-margin deposits in western Norway, non-conformably overlying allochthonous continental orthogneisses retain Ordovician&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar cooling ages for phengites, implying either rapid cooling immediately after a Late Ordovician orogenic event, or less likely, a slow cooling following an Early Ordovician or older orogeny. The Dalsfjord Suite–Høyvik Group basement–cover pair are probably a lateral equivalent to Late Proterozoic sandstones (‘sparagmites’) covering the Jotun Nappe gneisses of the Middle Allochthon in central-south Norway. The Høyvik Group underwent polyphase deformation, greenschist-facies metamorphism (</span><i>T</i><i><sub>max</sub></i><span>&lt;450°C) and exhumation prior to deposition of the unconformably overlying Wenlockian continental-margin deposits of the Herland Group. The Høyvik Group was only weakly metamorphosed during obduction of the Solund–Stavfjord Ophiolite and the Scandian continental collision between Baltica and Laurentia. Phengitic white micas from the Høyvik Group yield cooling ages of 446.1± 3.0, 449.1±2.2 and 447.5±4.0 Ma, respectively, identical within experimental error. One sample gives a plateau over 72% of the gas analysed, whereas the other samples were slightly disturbed after initial cooling, as indicated by systematically lower apparent ages at low experimental extraction temperatures. Minor&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar loss probably occurred during subsequent Scandian deformation and late to post-orogenic extension.The Høyvik Group rocks were unroofed before the Wenlock time (423–428 Ma) and cooled through the temperature for argon retention in phengite at&nbsp;</span><i>c</i><span>. 447±4 Ma, indicating a maximum cooling rate between 14 and 22C/Ma-</span><sup>1</sup><span>&nbsp;through Ashgill and Llandovery times before being subjected to low-grade metamorphism during the Scandian orogeny. Rapid pre-Scandian cooling, combined with peak metamorphic conditions of 450C or less, may indicate that the Dalsfjord–Høyvik basement–cover pair were aVected by an orogenic event during the Late Ordovician (Caradoc) time. The data also suggest that the Caledonian margin of Baltica may have experienced a more protracted tectonism during the Caledonian cycle than previously models focusing on Early Caledonian and Tremadoc (or older) ophiolite obduction and the Scandian continental collision between Baltica and Laurentia.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.155.2.0297","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Andersen, T., Berry, H.N., Lux, D.R., and Andresen, A., 1998, The tectonic significance of pre-Scandian 40Ar/39Ar phengite cooling ages in the Caledonides of western Norway: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 155, no. 2, p. 297-309, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.155.2.0297.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0eae4b08c986b32511c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, T.B.","contributorId":75715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, H. N. IV","contributorId":99326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"H.","suffix":"IV","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lux, D. R.","contributorId":50581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lux","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andresen, A.","contributorId":74157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andresen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021096,"text":"70021096 - 1998 - Reproductive success of Belding's Savannah Sparrows in a highly fragmented landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:06:46","indexId":"70021096","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive success of Belding's Savannah Sparrows in a highly fragmented landscape","docAbstract":"<p>Habitat fragmentation can influence the abundance and distribution of birds. Decreases in patch size increase the amount of edge habitat, which can allow greater invasion by exotic species, predators, and brood parasites (Hagan and Johnston 1992, Donovan et al., 1995). Fragmented habitats may act as population sinks and result in local extinctions unless immigration occurs from source habitats (Pulliam 1988, Howeet al., 1991, Pulliam et al., 1992, Stacey and Taper 1992).</p><p>Fragmentation is especially severe in coastal California, where about 75% of the presettlement acreage of coastal wetlands has been lost to development (Zedler 1982, Zedler and Powell 1993). This degradation has produced a highly fragmented landscape that may have a negative influence on the Belding's Savannah Sparrow (<i>Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi</i>), which is one of two wetland-dependent bird species endemic to coastal salt marshes in southern California. This nonmigratory subspecies is listed as endangered by the State of California. Statewide censuses of Belding's Savannah Sparrows reveal wide fluctuations in local population sizes, with local extinctions occurring in some years (Zembalet al. 1988). Thus, the population dynamics of Belding's Savannah Sparrow may reflect the effects of fragmentation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089215","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Powell, A., and Collier, C.L., 1998, Reproductive success of Belding's Savannah Sparrows in a highly fragmented landscape: The Auk, v. 115, no. 2, p. 508-513, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089215.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"513","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089215","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8e7e4b0c8380cd85b09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collier, Christine L.","contributorId":39340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021092,"text":"70021092 - 1998 - Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-16T11:13:42","indexId":"70021092","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Natural variations in concentrations of&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, D, and H</span><sub>4</sub><span>SiO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;in two tributary catchments of Woods Lake in the west-central Adirondack Mountains of New York were measured during 1989&ndash;1991 to examine runoff processes and their implications for the neutralization of acidic precipitation by calcium carbonate treatment. The two catchments are similar except that one contained a 1.3 ha beaver pond. Evaporation from the beaver pond caused a seasonal decrease in the slope of the meteoric water line in stream water from the catchment with a beaver pond (WO2). No corresponding change in slope of the meteoric water line was evident in stream water from the other catchment (WO4), nor in ground water nor soil water from either catchment, indicating that evaporative fractionation was not significant. Application of a best-fit sine curve to&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup><span>O data indicated that base flow in both catchments had a residence time of about 100 days. Ground water from a well finished in thick till had the longest residence time (160 days); soil water from the O-horizon and B-horizon had residence times of 63 and 80 days, respectively. Water previously stored within each catchment (pre-event water) was the predominant component of streamflow during spring snowmelt and during spring and autumn rainfall events, but the proportion of streamflow that consisted of pre-event water differed significantly in the two catchments. The proportion of event water (rain and snowmelt) in WO2 was smaller than at WO4 early in the spring snowmelt of March 13&ndash;17, 1990, but the proportions of source water components for the two catchments were almost indistinguishable by the peak flow on the third day of the melt. The event water was further separated into surface-water and subsurface-water components by utilizing measured changes in H</span><sub>4</sub><span>SiO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations in stream water during the snowmelt. Results indicated that subsurface flow was the dominant pathway by which event water reached the stream except during the peak flow of a rain-on-snow event on the last day of the melt. Streamflow from a spring rain storm with dry antecendent conditions two months later (May 16&ndash;18, 1990), was less than 5% event water at peak flow in WO2 and 26% in WO4. This change from the runoff pattern in March is attributed to retention of event water in the beaver pond favored by relatively low pre-event storage and isothermal (nonstratified) conditions in the pond that allowed mixing. Streamflow during several autumn storms was about 15&ndash;25% event water at peak flow in WO4; the highest values for event water were associated with wet antecedent moisture conditions. These results indicate that a beaver pond can significantly affect the downstream delivery of event water through evaporation and mixing, but provides minimal retention during large runoff events such as snowmelt. Beaver ponds are expected to provide greater opportunity for neutralization of acidic waters during most of the year in catchments treated with calcium carbonate, but little neutralization effect during snowmelt.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00081-X","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., and McDonnell, J.J., 1998, Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 205, no. 3-4, p. 248-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00081-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"205","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a066be4b0c8380cd5122c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021068,"text":"70021068 - 1998 - An expandable radiocollar for elk calves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70021068","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An expandable radiocollar for elk calves","docAbstract":"Expandable radiocollars, designed to monitor juvenile survival and movements, were placed on 132 neonatal elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park during 1987-1990. A modified design of the same collar was placed on 164 neonates of the Jackson elk herd in northwest Wyoming during 1990-1992. One of the Yellowstone calves and 19 of the Jackson calves cast their collars before 15 July of their birth year. General deterioration of collar materials resulted in loss of the Yellowstone collars 12-18 months post-deployment. Separation of breakaway tabs resulted in loss of 13 collars from Jackson elk 504 ?? 60 days post-deployment, but the remaining collars remained on elk for ???4 years. These light-weight and adaptable collar designs achieved study objectives. We provide design recommendations for future monitoring of juvenile elk.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Smith, B., Burger, W., and Singer, F.J., 1998, An expandable radiocollar for elk calves: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 26, no. 1, p. 113-117.","startPage":"113","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea61e4b0c8380cd48812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, B.L.","contributorId":39740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, W.P.","contributorId":33082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021061,"text":"70021061 - 1998 - Results from the Mars global surveyor thermal emission spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70021061","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results from the Mars global surveyor thermal emission spectrometer","docAbstract":"The Thermal Emission Spectrometer spectra of low albedo surface materials suggests that a four to one mixture of pyroxene to plagioclase, together with about a 35 percent dust component provides the best fit to the spectrum. Qualitative upper limits can be placed on the concentration of carbonates (<10 percent), olivine (<10 percent), clay minerals (<20 percent), and quartz (<5 percent) in the limited regions observed. Limb observations in the northern hemisphere reveal low-lying dust hazes and detached water-ice clouds at altitudes up to 55 kilometers. At an aerocentric longitude of 224??a major dust storm developed in the Noachis Terra region. The south polar cap retreat was similar to that observed by Viking.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.279.5357.1692","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Christensen, P.R., Anderson, D., Chase, S., Clancy, R., Clark, R.N., Conrath, B., Kieffer, H.H., Kuzmin, R., Malin, M.C., Pearl, J., Roush, T.L., and Smith, M.D., 1998, Results from the Mars global surveyor thermal emission spectrometer: Science, v. 279, no. 5357, p. 1692-1696, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5357.1692.","startPage":"1692","endPage":"1696","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206497,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5357.1692"}],"volume":"279","issue":"5357","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaaffe4b0c8380cd8662d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, D.L.","contributorId":68713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, S.C.","contributorId":29981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clancy, R.T.","contributorId":61595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clancy","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conrath, B.J.","contributorId":34286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrath","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.O.","contributorId":14932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pearl, J.C.","contributorId":45074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Roush, T. L.","contributorId":77661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
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