Physical, chemical, and biological data were collected in the middle Green River basin, eastern Utah, between 1988 and 1989, as part of a detailed study of the effects of irrigation drainage on wetland areas. Data-collection efforts were concentrated in the Stewart Lake Waterfowl Management Area near Jensen, and Ouray National Wildlife Refuge near Ouray. Data also were collected from Ashley Creek near Vernal, Pelican Lake near Ouray, and in Pariette Wetlands near Myton. A limited quantity of data collected during earlier studies (1982-87), funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, also is included.
This report contains data needed to assess the effects of selenium and other potentially toxic contaminants on streams and wetlands. Data consist of concentrations of trace elements and common elements in samples of water, sediment, plants, waterfowl, birds, fish, and invertebrates. Other data presented in the report are ground-water levels, surface-water discharges, radiochemical constituents in water, analyses of organochlorine compounds in biota, and morphonetric measurements of biota.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr91530","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Peltz, L.A., and Waddell, B., 1991, Physical, chemical, and biological data for detailed study of irrigation drainage in the Middle Green River basin, Utah 1988-89, with selected data for 1982-87: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-530, Report: viii, 213 p.; Plate: 18.84 in x 18.36 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91530.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 213 p.; Plate: 18.84 in x 18.36 in","numberOfPages":"217","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0530/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49969,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0530/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49970,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0530/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Middle Green River basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peltz, Lorri A.","contributorId":29401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peltz","given":"Lorri","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12701,"text":"US Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":182636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, Bruce","contributorId":55033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waddell","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":182637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35608,"text":"b1938 - 1991 - Coal resources of the Fruitland Formation in part of the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation, San Juan County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T14:03:20","indexId":"b1938","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1938","title":"Coal resources of the Fruitland Formation in part of the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation, San Juan County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The coal-bearing Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation occupies an area of about 14 square miles in the extreme southeast corner of the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation in San Juan County, New Mexico. In this area, the Fruitland Formation contains an estimated 252 million short tons of coal in beds that range from 1.2 to 14 feet thick. About 100 million short tons of coal occur under less than 500 feet of overburden in the Ute Canyon, Upper Main, and Main coal beds. These three coal beds reach a cumulative coal thickness of about 18 feet in a stratigraphic interval that averages about 120 feet thick in the prospecting permit area, which is located in the extreme southwestern part of the study area. The southwestern part of the study area is probably best suited for surface mining, although steep dips may reduce minability locally. A major haul road that was recently constructed across the eastern half of the study area greatly improves the potential for surface mining.
Core sample analyses indicate that the apparent rank of the Ute Canyon, Upper Main, and Main coal beds is high-volatile C bituminous. Average heat-of-combustion on an as-received basis is 10,250 British thermal units per pound, average ash content is 15.5 percent, and average sulfur content is 1.0 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1938","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe","usgsCitation":"Roberts, L.N., 1991, Coal resources of the Fruitland Formation in part of the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation, San Juan County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1938, Report: iv, 15 p.: Plate: 57.43 x 41.31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1938.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 15 p.: Plate: 57.43 x 41.31 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340508,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1938/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1938/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63494,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1938/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"San Juan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.39248657226562,\n 36.760891249565624\n ],\n [\n -108.09036254882812,\n 36.760891249565624\n ],\n [\n -108.09036254882812,\n 36.96086580957587\n ],\n [\n -108.39248657226562,\n 36.96086580957587\n ],\n [\n -108.39248657226562,\n 36.760891249565624\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Laura N. Robinson","contributorId":45364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"N. Robinson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26785,"text":"wri884193 - 1991 - Simulation of effects of ground-water development on water-levels in glacial-drift aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade area, west-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:37:33.32057","indexId":"wri884193","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4193","title":"Simulation of effects of ground-water development on water-levels in glacial-drift aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade area, west-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Ground-water flow in the confined- and unconfined-drift aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade area of west-central Minnesota was simulated with a three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow model. Model results indicate that about 96 percent of the total inflow to the modeled area is from precipitation. Discounting evapotranspiration, 63 percent of the total outflow is ground-water discharge to the East Branch Chippewa and North Fork Crow Rivers, and 34 percent is ground-water pumpage.
\nThe model was used to simulate the steady-state effects of below-normal precipitation (drought) and hypothetical increases in ground-water development. Model results indicate that reduced recharge and increased pumping during a hypothetical 3-year extended drought would lower regional water levels from 2 to 5 feet in each aquifer and as much as 20 feet in the lowermost aquifer zone; ground-water discharge to the East Branch Chippewa and North Fork Crow Rivers would be reduced by 38 percent. The addition of 10 to 20 hypothetical wells in confined aquifers, pumping 123 to 246 million gallons per year, would result in regional water-level declines of 0.1 to 0.5 feet. Simulated water-level declines in wells completed in the lower part of the system would be as much as 5.0 feet as a result of pumping 246 million gallons per year from 20 hypothetical wells. Water-level declines in overlying and underlying aquifers would range from 0.4 to 2.8 feet. Ground-water discharge to the East Branch Chippewa and North Fork Crow Rivers would be unaffected by the pumpage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri884193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Western Minnesota Resource Conservation and Development Association","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., 1991, Simulation of effects of ground-water development on water-levels in glacial-drift aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade area, west-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4193, v, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884193.","productDescription":"v, 66 p.","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4193/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4193/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410231,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47094.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Brooten-Belgrade area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.22468566894531,\n 45.44038088829218\n ],\n [\n -95.23017883300781,\n 45.44905236166804\n ],\n [\n -95.26382446289062,\n 45.452905921983756\n ],\n [\n -95.27000427246094,\n 45.468799075209894\n ],\n [\n -95.27481079101561,\n 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N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91370B","usgsCitation":"Hill, P.L., 1991, Bibliographies and location maps of publications on aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric surveys for the states west of the Mississippi River and east of approximately 104 degrees longitude: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-370, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91370B.","productDescription":"71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0370b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":392182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43402.htm"},{"id":86118,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0370b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 25.799891182088334\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a6b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":239810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49512,"text":"ofr91322G - 1991 - Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the eastern United States: Farmville and Scottsville basins and vicinity, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T19:59:54.751318","indexId":"ofr91322G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-322","chapter":"G","title":"Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the eastern United States: Farmville and Scottsville basins and vicinity, Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91322G","usgsCitation":"Gottfried, D., Froelich, A., and Grossman, J.N., 1991, Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the eastern United States: Farmville and Scottsville basins and vicinity, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-322, Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 23.33 × 41.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91322G.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 23.33 × 41.57 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405943,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19230.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0322g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86110,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0322g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86109,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0322g/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Farmville and Scottsville basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.869,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -78.051,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -78.051,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -78.869,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -78.869,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gottfried, David","contributorId":82295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottfried","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froelich, Albert J.","contributorId":60200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froelich","given":"Albert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":49511,"text":"ofr91322F - 1991 - Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the eastern United States: Culpeper Basin and vicinity, Virginia and Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T19:26:46.030009","indexId":"ofr91322F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-322","chapter":"F","title":"Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the eastern United States: Culpeper Basin and vicinity, Virginia and Maryland","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91322F","usgsCitation":"Gottfried, D., Froelich, A., and Grossman, J.N., 1991, Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the eastern United States: Culpeper Basin and vicinity, Virginia and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-322, Report: 51 p.; 1 Plate: 26.32 × 45.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91322F.","productDescription":"Report: 51 p.; 1 Plate: 26.32 × 45.99 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":86107,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0322f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86108,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0322f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407638,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19229.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0322f/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Culpeper basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.19,\n 38.249\n ],\n [\n -77.275,\n 38.249\n ],\n [\n -77.275,\n 39.376\n ],\n [\n -78.19,\n 39.376\n ],\n [\n -78.19,\n 38.249\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gottfried, David","contributorId":82295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottfried","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froelich, Albert J.","contributorId":60200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froelich","given":"Albert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":49513,"text":"ofr91322H - 1991 - Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the eastern United States: Danville basin and vicinity, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T19:10:18.68761","indexId":"ofr91322H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-322","chapter":"H","title":"Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the eastern United States: Danville basin and vicinity, Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Three large lakes; Sand Point, Namakan, and Rainy, near the eastern and northern boundaries of the Park; are oligotrophic to mesotrophic, having low dissolved solids and alkalinity, and dimictic circulation. In contrast, Kabetogama Lake, Black Bay, and Sullivan Bay, near the western and southern boundaries of the Park, were eutrophic, having higher dissolved solids and alkalinity, and polymictic circulation. Chemical characteristics of the three lakes along the eastern and northern boundary were similar to those of the Namakan River--a major source of inflow that drains an extensive area of exposed bedrock and thin noncalcareous drift east of the Park. The lake and embayments along the western and southern boundary receive inflow from two streams that drain an area west and south of the Park that is overlain by calcareous drift. Samples from one of these streams contained dissolved-solids concentrations about five times, and total alkalinity concentrations about eight times concentrations measured in the Namakan River. The nutrient-enriched lakes and embayments had high algal productivity that produced blooms of blue-green algae in some years. Annual patterns in the levels of trophic-state indicators revealed that the shallow, polymictic lakes experienced seasonal increases in totalphosphorus concentrations in their euphotic zones that did not occur in the deeper, dimictic lakes; this indicates a link between the frequent recirculation of these lakes and internal cycling of phosphorus. Secchi-disk transparency was limited by organic color in Sand Point, Namakan, and Rainy Lakes, and resuspended bottom material reduced transparency in Black Bay. Waters in the large lakes and embayments met nearly all U.S. Environmental Protection Agency criteria for protection of freshwater aquatic life, recreation, and drinking water. Some sites exceeded criteria because of oil and grease, phenols, sulfide, and ammonia. Reconnaissance sampling of 19 small lakes in remote areas of the Park indicated that most of them are sharply stratified and had very low dissolved solids and alkalinity concentrations (4.0-29 milligrams per liter total alkalinity). Thirteen of the lakes could be classified as moderately sensitive to acid precipitation, and two could be classified extremely sensitive. About half of the interior lakes had low nutrient concentrations (10-30 micrograms per liter total phosphorus) and low algal productivity (0.1- 2.0 micrograms per liter chlorophyll a). Five of the lakes had a marked reduction in trophic state from spring to summer. The Namakan River is the largest source of inflow to the Park and was found to have better quality than its receiving waters based on dissolved solids and nutrient concentrations, algal productivity, and transparency. The Ash River was found to deliver water that generally was poorer in quality than its receiving waters.
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A.","contributorId":62190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28163,"text":"wri914055 - 1991 - Calibration, verification, and use of a steady-state stream water-quality model for Monument and Fountain creeks, east-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri914055","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4055","title":"Calibration, verification, and use of a steady-state stream water-quality model for Monument and Fountain creeks, east-central Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914055","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, G., 1991, Calibration, verification, and use of a steady-state stream water-quality model for Monument and Fountain creeks, east-central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4055, vii, 149 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914055.","productDescription":"vii, 149 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56997,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9520","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49514,"text":"ofr91322I - 1991 - Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the Eastern United States: Durham and Sanford basins, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T19:55:08.786995","indexId":"ofr91322I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-322","chapter":"I","title":"Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the Eastern United States: Durham and Sanford basins, North Carolina","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91322I","usgsCitation":"Gottfried, D., Froelich, A., and Grossman, J.N., 1991, Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the Eastern United States: Durham and Sanford basins, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-322, Report: 21 p.; 1 Plate: 32.57 × 41.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91322I.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; 1 Plate: 32.57 × 41.11 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19225.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":86114,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0322i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86113,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0322i/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0322i/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Durham and Sanford basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.572,\n 35.328\n ],\n [\n -78.5,\n 35.328\n ],\n [\n -78.5,\n 36.325\n ],\n [\n -79.572,\n 36.325\n ],\n [\n -79.572,\n 35.328\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gottfried, David","contributorId":82295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottfried","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froelich, Albert J.","contributorId":60200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froelich","given":"Albert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":49522,"text":"ofr91370C - 1991 - Bibliographies and location maps of publications on aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric surveys for the states east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio and Potomac Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T20:50:14.855749","indexId":"ofr91370C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-370","chapter":"C","title":"Bibliographies and location maps of publications on aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric surveys for the states east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio and Potomac Rivers","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91370C","usgsCitation":"Hill, P.L., 1991, Bibliographies and location maps of publications on aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric surveys for the states east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio and Potomac Rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-370, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91370C.","productDescription":"104 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409754,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43401.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":86119,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0370c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0370c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.889,\n 47.454\n ],\n [\n -92.889,\n 36.964\n ],\n [\n -66.933,\n 36.964\n ],\n [\n -66.933,\n 47.454\n ],\n [\n -92.889,\n 47.454\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":239811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49515,"text":"ofr91322J - 1991 - Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-06T10:29:11","indexId":"ofr91322J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-322","chapter":"J","title":"Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the Eastern United States","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr91322J","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Grossman, J.N., Gottfried, D., and Froelich, A., 1991, Geochemical data for Jurassic diabase associated with early Mesozoic basins in the Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-322, 8 WK1 files; 1 TXT file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91322J.","productDescription":"8 WK1 files; 1 TXT file","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269591,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0322j/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gottfried, David","contributorId":82295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottfried","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Froelich, Albert J.","contributorId":60200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froelich","given":"Albert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38447,"text":"pp1406C - 1991 - Geochemistry of ground water in alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of Nevada, New Mexico, and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:00","indexId":"pp1406C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1406","chapter":"C","title":"Geochemistry of ground water in alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of Nevada, New Mexico, and California","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotope analyses of ground water from 28 basins in the Basin and Range physiographic province of Arizona and parts of adjacent States were used to evaluate ground-water quality, determine processes that control ground-water chemistry, provide independent insight into the hydrologic flow system, and develop information transfer. The area is characterized by north- to northwest-trending mountains separated by alluvial basins that form a regional topography of alternating mountains and valleys. On the basis of ground-water divides or zones of minimal basin interconnection, the area was divided into 72 basins, each representing an individual aquifer system. These systems are joined in a dendritic pattern and collectively constitute the major water resource in the region. \r\n\r\nGeochemical models were developed to identify reactions and mass transfer responsible for the chemical evolution of the ground water. On the basis of mineralogy and chemistry of the two major rock associations of the area, a felsic model and a mafic model were developed to illustrate geologic, climatic, and physiographic effects on ground-water chemistry. Two distinct hydrochemical processes were identified: (1) reactions of meteoric water with minerals and gases in recharge areas and (2) reactions of ground water as it moves down the hydraulic gradient. Reactions occurring in recharge and downgradient areas can be described by a 13-component system. Major reactions are the dissolution and precipitation of calcite and dolomite, the weathering of feldspars and ferromagnesian minerals, the formation of montmorillonite, iron oxyhydroxides, and probably silica, and, in some basins, ion exchange. \r\n\r\nThe geochemical modeling demonstrated that relatively few phases are required to derive the ground-water chemistry; 14 phases-12 mineral and 2 gas-consistently account for the chemical evolution in each basin. The final phases were selected through analysis of X-ray diffraction and fluorescence data, aqueous speciation and saturation data, and mass-balance and isotopic constraints and through chemical models developed from mineral combinations among the 27 phases that were considered realistic in these geologically and mineralogically complex basins. X-ray diffraction of basin-fill sediments confirm the presence of the postulated minerals and their weathering sequences. \r\n\r\nHigh partial pressures of soil CO2 and large concentrations of dissolved CO2 in recharge areas, and the rapid depletion of CO2 downgradient, accompanied by high weathering rates of the silicates which also decrease downgradient, indicate that carbonic acid is the impetus in the weathering process. Reactions in the soil zone and the unsaturated zone are influential and, in some instances, are as important as the mineralogy of the source rock in determining ground-water compositions. \r\n\r\nThe basins can be divided geochemically into two general categories-closed systems, which evolve under closed hydrologic conditions, and open systems, which are open to CO2 and other constituents along the flow path. The ground-water chemistry of the unconfined aquifers in the eastern part of the study area and of the aquifers underlying the flood plain along the Colorado River generally evolves under open conditions. The ground-water chemistry of most basins in the central and western parts and of the confined aquifers in the eastern part evolves under closed conditions. The factors that determine whether a basin is an open or closed system are the amount of and the spatial and seasonal distribution of annual precipitation and the presence or absence of fine-grained confining units. \r\n\r\nThe basins along the Colorado River are unique among basins in the region. Virtually all ground water underlying the flood plain originated as seepage or overbank flow from the Colorado River. Initial deuterium content of about -120 per mil is indicative of precipitation from the central part of Colorado. Using chemical m","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1406C","usgsCitation":"Robertson, F.N., 1991, Geochemistry of ground water in alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of Nevada, New Mexico, and California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1406, p. C1-C90, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1406C.","productDescription":"p. C1-C90","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1406c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64922,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1406c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aad69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Frederick N.","contributorId":108160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20728,"text":"ofr9164 - 1991 - Hydrology of the Texas Gulf Coast aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T12:21:16","indexId":"ofr9164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-64","title":"Hydrology of the Texas Gulf Coast aquifer systems","docAbstract":"A complex, multilayered ground-water flow system exists in the Coastal Plain sediments of Texas. The Tertiary and Quaternary clastic deposits have an areal extent of 114,000 square miles onshore and in the Gulf of Mexico. Two distinct aquifer systems are recognized within the sediments, which range in thickness from a few feet to more than 12,000 feet The older system--the Texas coastal uplands aquifer system-consists of four aquifers and two confining units in the Claiborne and Wilcox Groups. It is underlain by the practically impermeable Midway confining unit or by the top of the geopressured zone. It is overlain by the nearly impermeable Vicksburg-Jackson confining unit, which separates it from the younger coastal lowlands aquifer system. The coastal lowlands aquifer system consists of five permeable zones and two confining units that range in age from Oligocene to Holocene. The hydrogeologic units of both systems are exposed in bands that parallel the coastline. The units dip and thicken toward the Gulf. Quality of water in the aquifer systems is highly variable, with dissolved solids ranging from less than 500 to 150,000 milligrams per liter.
Substantial withdrawal from the aquifer systems began in the early 1900's and increased nearly continuously into the 1970's. The increase in withdrawal was relatively rapid from about 1940 to 1970. Adverse hydrologic effects, such as saltwater encroachment in coastal areas, land-surface subsidence in the Houston-Galveston area, and long-term dewatering in the Whiter Garden area, were among some of the factors that caused pumping increases to slow or to cease in the 1970's and 1980's.
Ground-water withdrawals in the study area in 1980 were about 1.7 billion gallons per day. Nearly all of the withdrawal was from four units: Permeable zones A, B, and C of Miocene age and younger, and the lower Claiborae-upper Wilcox aquifer. Ground-water levels have declined hundreds of feet in the intensively pumped areas of Houston-Galveston, Kingsville, Winter Garden, and Lufkin-Nacogdoches. Water-level declines have caused inelastic compaction of clays which, in turn, has resulted in land-surface subsidence of more than one foot in an area of about 2,000 square miles. Maximum subsidence of nearly 10 feet occurs in the Pasadena area east of Houston.
A three-dimensional, variable-density digital model was developed to simulate predevelopment and transient flow in the aquifer systems. The modeled area is larger than the study area, and includes adjacent parts of Louisiana and Mexico. The transient model calibration period was from 1910 (predevelopment) to 1982. Model-generated head distributions, water-level hydrographs, and land-surface subsidence were matched to measured data in selected, intensively pumped areas.
For the study area, mean horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the calibrated model ranges from 10 feet per day for the middle Wilcox aquifer to 25 feet per day for permeable zone A. Mean transmissivity ranges from about 4,600 feet squared per day for the middle Claiborne aquifer to about 10,400 feet squared per day for permeable zone D. Mean vertical hydraulic conductivity ranges from 1.1x10-5 feet per day for the Vicksburg-Jackson confining unit, to 3.8x10-3 feet per day for permeable zone A. Mean values of calibrated storage coefficient range from 52x10-4 for the middle Claiborne aquifer to 1.7x10-3 for the middle Wilcox aquifer and permeable zone C. Calibrated inelastic specific storage values for clay beds in permeable zones A, B, and C in the Houston-Galveston area are 8.5x10-5, 8.0x10-5, and 8.0x10-6 feet-1, respectively. These values are 85, 80, and 8 times greater than the estimated elastic specific storage value for the clays in permeable zones A, B, and C, respectively.
Recharge rates were mapped for predevelopment conditions as determined from a steady-state model calibration. A maximum rate of 3 inches per year was simulated in small areas, and the average rate for the study area was 034 inch per year. Total simulated recharge was 85 million cubic feet per day in the outcrop area. Recharge was equal to discharge in outcrop areas (79 million cubic feet per day) plus net lateral flow out of the study area (6 million cubic feet per day).
Rates of inflow and outflow to the ground-water system have nearly tripled from predevelopment to 1982 (85 to 276 million cubic feet per day) based on model simulation. Withdrawal of 231 million cubic feet per day was supplied principally by an increase in outcrop recharge and, to a lesser extent, from a decrease in natural discharge and release of water from storage in aquifers and compacting clay beds. The average simulated 1982 recharge rate for the study area was 0.52 inch per year, with a maximum simulated rate of 6 inches per year in Jackson and Wharton Counties.
Because withdrawal has caused problems such as saltwater intrusion, land-surface subsidence, and aquifer dewatering, the Texas Department of Water Resources has projected that ground-water use will decline substantially in most of the study area by the year 2030. Some areas remain favorable for development of additional ground-water supplies. Pumping from older units that are farther inland and in areas where potential recharge is greater will minimize adverse hydrologic effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr9164","usgsCitation":"Ryder, P.D., and Ardis, A.F., 1991, Hydrology of the Texas Gulf Coast aquifer systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-64, ix, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9164.","productDescription":"ix, 147 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50282,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0064/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":154171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0064/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.33935546875,\n 33.96158628979907\n ],\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -96.04248046875,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n -97.31689453125,\n 32.7872745269555\n ],\n [\n -97.71240234375,\n 32.1570124860701\n ],\n [\n -98.32763671875,\n 31.071755902820133\n ],\n [\n -99.55810546875,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -99.755859375,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -99.84374999999999,\n 28.246327971048842\n ],\n [\n -99.84374999999999,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -99.7119140625,\n 27.6251403350933\n ],\n [\n -99.51416015625,\n 27.449790329784214\n ],\n [\n -99.47021484375,\n 27.00040800352175\n ],\n [\n -99.1845703125,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n -98.96484375,\n 26.293415004265796\n ],\n [\n -98.59130859375,\n 26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -98.10791015625,\n 26.017297563851745\n ],\n [\n -97.84423828125,\n 25.997549919572112\n ],\n [\n -97.49267578125,\n 25.918526162075153\n ],\n [\n -97.294921875,\n 25.97779895546436\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 25.97779895546436\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -97.294921875,\n 26.843677401113002\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 27.31321389856826\n ],\n [\n -97.05322265625,\n 27.800209937418252\n ],\n [\n -96.13037109375,\n 28.401064827220896\n ],\n [\n -94.68017578125,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 30.050076521698735\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 31.090574094954192\n ],\n [\n -93.7353515625,\n 31.59725256170666\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 32.0639555946604\n ],\n [\n -94.130859375,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -95.33935546875,\n 33.96158628979907\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Paul D.","contributorId":60188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ardis, Ann F.","contributorId":96672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardis","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17139,"text":"ofr9152 - 1991 - Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17139,"text":"ofr9152 - 1991 - Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia","indexId":"ofr9152","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":59,"text":"wsp2391 - 1993 - Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia","indexId":"wsp2391","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":59,"text":"wsp2391 - 1993 - Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia","indexId":"wsp2391","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T18:17:18.108896","indexId":"ofr9152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-52","title":"Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia","docAbstract":"In the Albany area of southwestern Georgia, the Upper Floridan aquifer lies entirely within the Dougherty Plain district of the Coastal Plain physiographic province, and consists of the Ocala Limestone of late Eocene age. The aquifer is divided throughout most of the study area into an upper and a lower lithologic unit, which creates an upper and a lower water-bearing zone. The lower water-bearing zone consists of alternating layers of sandy limestone and medium-brown, recrystallized dolomitic limestone, and ranges in thickness from about 50 to 100 feet. It is highly fractured, and exhibits well-developed permeability by solution features that are responsible for transmitting most of the ground water in the aquifer. Transmissivity of the lower water-bearing zone ranges from about 90,000 to 178,000 feet squared per day. The upper water-bearing zone is a finely crystallized-to-oolitic, locally dolomitic limestone having an average thickness of about 60 feet. Transmissivities in the upper water-bearing zone are considerably less than those in the lower water-bearing zone. The Upper Floridan aquifer is overlain by about 20 to 120 feet of undifferentiated overburden consisting of fine-to-coarse quartz sand and noncalcareous clay. A clay zone about 10 to 30 feet thick may be continuous throughout the southwestern part of the Albany area, and where present, causes confinement of the Upper Floridan aquifer and creates perched ground water after periods of heavy rainfall. The Upper Floridan aquifer is confined below by the Lisbon Formation, a mostly dolomitic limestone that contains trace amounts of glauconite. The Lisbon Formation is at least 50 feet thick in the study area, and acts as an impermeable base to the Upper Floridan aquifer. The quality of ground-water in the Upper Floridan aquifer is suitable for most uses; wells generally yield water of the hard, calcium-bicarbonate type that generally meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Primary or Secondary Drinking Water Regulations.
The water-resource potential of the Upper Floridan aquifer was evaluated by compiling results of test drilling and aquifer testing in the study area, and by conducting computer simulations of the ground-water-flow system under the seasonal-low conditions of November 1985, and under conditions of pumping within a 12square-mile area located southwest of Albany. Results of test drilling, aquifer testing, and water-quality analyses indicate that, in the area southwest of Albany, geohydrologic conditions in the Upper Floridan aquifer, undifferentiated overburden, and Lisbon Formation were favorable for the aquifer to provide a large quantity of water without having adverse effects on the ground-water system. The confinement of the Upper Floridan aquifer by the undifferentiated overburden and the rural setting of the area of potential development decreases the likelihood that chemical constituents will enter the aquifer during development of the ground-water resources.
Computer simulations of ground-water flow in the Upper Floridan aquifer, incorporating conditions for regional flow across model boundaries, leakage from rivers and other surface-water features, and vertical leakage from the undifferentiated overburden, were conducted by using a finite-element model for groundwater flow in two dimensions. Comparison of computed and measured water levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer for November 1985 at 74 locations indicated that computed water levels generally were within 5 feet of the measured values, which is the accuracy to which measured water levels were known. Water-level altitudes ranged from about 260 feet to 130 feet above sea level in the study area during calibration. Aquifer discharge to the Flint River downstream from the Lake Worth dam was computed by the calibrated model to be about 1 billion gallons per day; about 300 million gallons per day greater than was measured for similar low-flow conditions. The excess computed discharge was attributed partially to stream withdrawals for industrial use, non-reported use, and channel evaporation, but mostly to increased gradients and increased flow from the aquifer to the river than existed during calibration.
Results from the calibrated finite-element model indicate that ground-water flow is dominated by inflow from regional-flow components to the west, north, and east of the study area, and by outflow to the Flint River downstream from the Lake Worth dam. Simulation results indicated that directions of ground-water flow were not changed appreciably by pumping at the November 1985 rates. However, vertical leakage from the undifferentiated overburden caused local deviations in the regional flow pattern.
A sensitivity analysis that was performed on 18 hydrologic factors affecting the flow system in the Upper Floridan aquifer showed that computed water levels changed the most (were the most sensitive) in response to changes in hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, vertical leakage coefficient and water level in the undifferentiated overburden, and stage of the Flint River downstream from the Lake Worth dam. Computed water levels were least sensitive to changes in well pumpage, flow across the northern boundary and from Lake Worth, the boundary coefficient for the Flint River downstream from the Lake Worth dam, and flow from Cooleewahee Creek.
Simulations of six pumping scenarios in the area of potential development southwest of Albany showed that the Upper Floridan aquifer is capable of providing at least 72 million gallons per day from five locations (14.4 million gallons per day each) within this area without causing adverse affects on the flow system. The 72million-gallon-per-day scenario yielded a maximum drawdown of about 9.4 feet, which placed the water level in the Upper Floridan aquifer about 50 feet above the top of the lower water-bearing zone. Hence, the likelihood of aquifer dewatering, well interference, or sinkhole development from pumping as much as 72 million gallons per day from within the area of potential development is small. All pumping scenarios showed that about 81 percent of the ground-water pumpage was derived from regional flow that would have discharged to the Flint River downstream from the Lake Worth dam. The dominant ground-water-flow direction toward the Flint River was not changed and no induced recharge from the Flint River entered the potential-development area. Induced recharge from the undifferentiated overburden contributed to about 1.5 percent of the total volume pumped during the simulations.
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S.","contributorId":28995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strain, George A.","contributorId":68287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strain","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herndon, Jennifer G.","contributorId":17592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herndon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4885,"text":"ds1 - 1991 - National Geochemical Data Base; National Uranium Resource Evaluation data for the conterminous Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:52:48","indexId":"ds1","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"National Geochemical Data Base; National Uranium Resource Evaluation data for the conterminous Western United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-file Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/ds1","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, J.D., Gunnells, G.B., and McNeal, J.M., 1991, National Geochemical Data Base; National Uranium Resource Evaluation data for the conterminous Western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1, 1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,23 ], [ -122,49 ], [ -100,49 ], [ -100,23 ], [ -122,23 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698764","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, J. 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The profiles are for the 1972 flood on the West and East Nishnabotna Rivers, the 1982 flood on Indian Creek, and the 1987 flood on the lower West Nishnabotna River. A flood history describes rainfall conditions and reported damages for floods occurring during 1947,1958,1972,1982, and 1987. Discharge for the 1982 flood on Indian Creek is 1.1 times larger than the 100-year recurrence interval discharge.
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A.","contributorId":60237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinitz, A.J.","contributorId":62610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":61392,"text":"mf2143 - 1991 - Map showing the relationship of selected mafic and ultramafic bodies in the crust of the eastern United States to seismically active areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:29","indexId":"mf2143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2143","title":"Map showing the relationship of selected mafic and ultramafic bodies in the crust of the eastern United States to seismically active areas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2143","usgsCitation":"McCartan, L., Snyder, S.L., and Stover, C.W., 1991, Map showing the relationship of selected mafic and ultramafic bodies in the crust of the eastern United States to seismically active areas: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2143, 1 map :col. ;120 x 97 cm., on sheet 130 x 104 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. +1 pamphlet (14 p. : tables ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2143.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;120 x 97 cm., on sheet 130 x 104 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. +1 pamphlet (14 p. : tables ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100728,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1991/2143/plate-1.pdf","size":"12680","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1991/2143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88961,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1991/2143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,23 ], [ -96,51 ], [ -64,51 ], [ -64,23 ], [ -96,23 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db660dfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCartan, Lucy","contributorId":87960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartan","given":"Lucy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, S. 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The project was designed as a technique to: (1) Assign priorities for development of ground-water management and monitoring programs; (2) build support for, and public awareness of, vulnerability or ground water to contamination; (3) assist in the development of regulatory programs; and (4) provide access to technical data through the use of a GIS (geographic information system) (C. Grantha,, Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, written commun., 1989). A digital representation of first-encountered water below land surface is an important element in evaluating vulnerability of ground water to contamination. Depth-to-water values were developed using existing data and computer software to construct a GIS data set to be combined with a sols data set developed by the SCS (Soil Conservation Service) and IDHW/WQB (Idaho Department of Health and Welfare/Water Quality Bureau), and a recharge data set developed by the IDWR/RSF (Idaho Department of Water Resources/Remote Sensing Facility). The USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) developed digital depth-to-water values for eleven 1:100,000-scale quadrangles on the eastern Snake River Plain and surrounding tributary valleys.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Division of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Maupin, M.A., 1991, Depth to water in the eastern Snake River Plain and surrounding tributary valleys, southwestern Idaho, calculated using water levels from 1980 to 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4193, 1 Plate: 36.88 x 28.89 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904193.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.88 x 28.89 inches","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1988-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423546,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49244.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4193/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":258702,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4193/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258701,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4193/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.0,42.5 ], [ -115.0,44.5 ], [ -111.0,44.5 ], [ -111.0,42.5 ], [ -115.0,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maupin, Molly A. 0000-0002-2695-5505 mamaupin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5505","contributorId":951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"Molly","email":"mamaupin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64968,"text":"i1947C - 1991 - Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Thousand Springs and Niagara quadrangles, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:16:56","indexId":"i1947C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1947","chapter":"C","title":"Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Thousand Springs and Niagara quadrangles, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Snake River Plain is a broad, arcuate region of low relief that extends more than 300 mi across southern Idaho. The Snake River enters the plain near Idaho Falls and flows westward along the southern margin of the eastern Snake River Plain (fig. 1), a position mainly determined by the basaltic lava flows that erupted near the axis of the plain. The highly productive Snake River Plain aquifer north of the Snake River underlies most of the eastern plain. The aquifer is composed of basaltic rocks that are interbedded with fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary rocks. The top of the aquifer (water table) is typically less than 500 ft below the land surface but is deeper than 1,000 ft in a few areas. The Snake River has excavated a canyon into the nearly flat lying basaltic and sedimentary rocks of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, which discharges from the northern canyon wall as springs of variable size, spacing, and altitude. Geologic controls on springs are of importance because nearly 60 percent of the aquifer's discharge occurs as spring flow along the describes the geologic occurrence of springs along the northern wall of the Snake River canyon. This report is one of several that describes the geologic occurrence of springs along the northern wall of the Snake River canyon from Milner Dam to King Hill. To understand the local geologic controls on springs, the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a geologic mapping project as part of their Snake River Plain Regional Aquifer System-Analysis Program. Objectives of the project were (1) to prepare a geologic map of a strip of land immediately north of the Snake River canyon, (2) to map the geology of the north canyon wall in profile, (3) to locate spring occurrences along the north side of the Snake River between Milner Sam and King Hill, and (4) to estimate spring discharge from the north wall of the canyon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1947C","usgsCitation":"Covington, H., and Weaver, J.N., 1991, Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Thousand Springs and Niagara quadrangles, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1947, 45.14 x 33.69 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1947C.","productDescription":"45.14 x 33.69 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327572,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1947c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107202,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10023.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10023"},{"id":189035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1947C.GIF"}],"scale":"24000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Niagara Springs Quadrangles, Snake River Canyon, Thousand Springs Quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.62,42.65 ], [ -114.62,42.75 ], [ -114.85,42.75 ], [ -114.85,42.65 ], [ -114.62,42.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a48d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covington, H. R.","contributorId":92671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, Jean N.","contributorId":65099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27590,"text":"wri884053 - 1991 - Selected water-quality characteristics in the upper Mississippi River basin, Royalton to Hastings, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:51:22","indexId":"wri884053","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4053","title":"Selected water-quality characteristics in the upper Mississippi River basin, Royalton to Hastings, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The upper Mississippi River basin from Royalton to Hastings, Minnesota, includes seven subbasins in east-central Minnesota that cover an area of 8,500 square miles. Results of a study, using data from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Metropolitan Waste Control Commission, and the U.S. Geological Survey, indicate that selected water-quality characteristics differ significantly among subbasins. Results of the study also indicate that the quality of water leaving the basin at Hastings is affected primarily by inflow from the Minnesota River and by effluent from the Metropolitan sewage-treatment plant.
\nSubbasins in the western part of the study area are underlain by prairie soils and cultivation of row crops is a common land use. Streams draining these subbasins have a median dissolved-solids concentration of 389 mg/L (milligrams per Liter) and a median concentration of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen of 0.59 mg/L. Subbasins in the northern and eastern parts of the study area are underlain by more acidic podzol soils. Land use in these subbasins is less devoted to cultivated crops; forested areas, pastures, and wetlands are common. Streams draining these subbasins have a median dissolved- solids concentration of 184 mg/L and a median concentration of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen of 0.17 mg/L.
\nThe quality of water changes dramatically in the most downstream subbasin, which includes the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area. On the basis of hourly data from automatic monitors, specific conductance increases from 345 /μS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter) at 25° Celsius above the confluence with the Minnesota River to 467 /μS/cm below it. Specific conductance increases to a median of 513 /μS/cm where effluent from the Metropolitan sewage-treatment plant enters the Mississippi River.
\nDissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Mississippi River begin to decline below the confluence with the Minnesota River. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen reach a minimum median value in summer of 6.3 mg/L at a point about 9 miles downstream from the Metropolitan sewage-treatment plant. In winter, minimum median concentration is downstream at Lock and Dam 2, which is approximately 20 miles below the plant.
\nResults of this study show that the quality of water in the Mississippi River as it leaves the accounting unit at Hastings is not representative of water quality in most of the accounting unit. Three water-quality regions have been identified, and sampling sites are needed in each region to assess the quality of streams throughout the study area adequately.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri884053","usgsCitation":"Have, M., 1991, Selected water-quality characteristics in the upper Mississippi River basin, Royalton to Hastings, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4053, ix, 152 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884053.","productDescription":"ix, 152 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56462,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": 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Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:51:46","indexId":"i2151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2151","title":"Chart showing correlations of upper Cretaceous Fox Hills Sandstone and Lance Formation, and lower Tertiary Fort Union, Wasatch, and Green River formations, from the eastern flank of the Washakie Basin to the southeastern part of the Great Divide Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The stratigraphic sections show surface and subsurface correlations of some Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary rocks along the eastern flank of the Washakie basin and southeastern part of the Great Divide basin, Wyoming. These rock crop out from near Baggs, Wyoming, to near Creston Junction, Wyoming, 50 mi (80km) to the north. This report is a continuation of our stratigraphic investigations from south of Baggs, Wyoming to Craig, Colorado.
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