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,{"id":5224008,"text":"5224008 - 2000 - Evolution of harvest management for North American waterfowl: Selective pressures and preadaptations for adaptive harvest management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T18:54:41.829162","indexId":"5224008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5322,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","printIssn":"0078-1355","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Evolution of harvest management for North American waterfowl: Selective pressures and preadaptations for adaptive harvest management","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"March 24-28, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Rosemont, Illinois, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., 2000, Evolution of harvest management for North American waterfowl: Selective pressures and preadaptations for adaptive harvest management, <i>in</i> Transactions of the 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, Rosemont, Illinois, United States, March 24-28, 2000, p. 65-77.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402707,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlifemanagement.institute/store/product/54"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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,{"id":5223985,"text":"5223985 - 2000 - The AOU Conservation Committee Review of the biology, status, and management of Cape Sable Seaside Sparrows: Final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T21:34:45.421241","indexId":"5223985","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The AOU Conservation Committee Review of the biology, status, and management of Cape Sable Seaside Sparrows: Final report","docAbstract":"<p>The Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (<i>Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis</i>) was listed as an original member of the federal list of endangered species in 1968. It is restricted to seasonally flooded prairies of extreme southern Florida and is disjunct from all other conspecific breeding populations (Kushlan et al 1982, McDonald 1988). Since the subspecies was described in 1919, its populations have been discovered and rediscovered, often only to disappear or decline to a handful of individuals (Werner and Woolfenden 1983, Kushlan and Bass 1983). Although the sparrow historically is known from six distinct areas, at present only two of these areas support populations numbering in the hundreds or low thousands of individuals.</p><p>Debates swirl around the status of these remnant populations. The main controversy encompasses whether the sparrow, now largely restricted to Everglades National Park, is in jeopardy of global extinction and if so, what actions must be taken to prevent this from happening. In November 1998, a panel of scientists was assembled under the auspices of the Conservation Committee of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) to evaluate the scientific evidence relevant to this controversy. The Panel was charged with scrutinizing the evidence for the existence and probable causes of global population decline in this subspecies, evaluating proposed management actions, and suggesting further research necessary to manage the remaining populations to maximize their chances of long-term persistence.</p><p>This document presents the conclusions of the Panel, which are based on our reading of the peer-reviewed and “gray” literature, interactions during a workshop held 9 to 11 February 1999 at Florida International University in Miami with researchers investigating the sparrow's biology, and site visits associated with the workshop. In addition, researchers provided the Panel with position papers summarizing their findings and conclusions prior to the workshop and provided information in response to specific questions following the workshop. Further information was obtained through public comment on an initial draft of this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/auk/117.4.1093","usgsCitation":"Walters, J.R., Beissenger, S., Fitzpatrick, J., Greenberg, R., Nichols, J., Pulliam, H., and Winkler, D., 2000, The AOU Conservation Committee Review of the biology, status, and management of Cape Sable Seaside Sparrows: Final report: The Auk, v. 117, no. 4, p. 1093-1115, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.4.1093.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1115","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.4.1093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":200265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68360b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, J. R.","contributorId":91061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beissenger, S.R.","contributorId":26772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beissenger","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.W.","contributorId":33012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenberg, R.","contributorId":26778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pulliam, H.R.","contributorId":28704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulliam","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winkler, D.W.","contributorId":8207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5223932,"text":"5223932 - 2000 - Uncovering death and decay at the bottom of the marsh.  A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223932","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2577,"text":"Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncovering death and decay at the bottom of the marsh.  A review","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keough, J., 2000, Uncovering death and decay at the bottom of the marsh.  A review: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary News, v. 15, no. 1.","productDescription":"6","startPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f7bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keough, J.R.","contributorId":87880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223968,"text":"5223968 - 2000 - Estuaries of the northeastern United States: Habitat and land use signatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T18:55:09.795241","indexId":"5223968","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuaries of the northeastern United States: Habitat and land use signatures","docAbstract":"Geographic signatures are physical, chemical, biotic, and human-induced characteristics or processes that help define similar or unique features of estuaries along latitudinal or geographic gradients.  Geomorphologically, estuaries of the northeastern U.S., from the  Hudson River estuary and northward along the Gulf of Maine shoreline, are highly diverse because of a complex bedrock geology and glacial history.  Back-barrier estuaries and lagoons occur within the northeast region, but the dominant type is the drowned-river valley, often with rocky shores.  Tidal range and mean depth of northeast estuaries are generally greater when compared  to estuaries of the more southern U.S. Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico.  Because of small estuarine drainage basins, low riverine flows, a bedrock substrate, and dense forest cover, sediment loads in northeast estuaries are generally quite low and water clarity is high.  Tidal marshes, seagrass  meadows, intertidal mudflats, and rocky shores represent major habitat types that fringe northeast estuaries, supporting commercially-important fauna, forage nekton and benthos, and coastal bird communities, while also serving as links between deeper estuarine waters and habitats through detritus-based pathways.  Regarding land use and water quality trends, portions of the northeast have a history of over a century of intense urbanization as reflected in increased total nitrogen and total phosphorus loadings to estuaries, with wastewater treatment facilities and atmospheric deposition being major sources.  Agricultural inputs are relatively minor throughout the northeast, with relative importance increasing for coastal plain estuaries. Identifying geographic signatures provides an objective means for comparing the structure function, and processes of estuaries along latitudinal gradients.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352997","usgsCitation":"Roman, C.T., Jaworski, N., Short, F., Findlay, S., and Warren, R., 2000, Estuaries of the northeastern United States: Habitat and land use signatures: Estuaries, v. 23, no. 6, p. 743-764, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352997.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"764","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/738","text":"External Repository"},{"id":200314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.036865234375,\n              40.287906612507406\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6583251953125,\n              41.00477542222947\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.87280273437499,\n              41.39741506646461\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9114990234375,\n              41.623655390686395\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.7357177734375,\n              41.84501267270689\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.6365966796875,\n              42.827638636242284\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8565673828125,\n              43.60426186809618\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.6590576171875,\n              43.92163712834673\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5494384765625,\n              44.3906169787868\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.884765625,\n              44.78183504339988\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.071533203125,\n              45.034714778688624\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.87902832031249,\n              44.66865287227321\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.6865234375,\n              44.72332018895825\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.0765380859375,\n              44.48866833139464\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.246826171875,\n              44.174324837518895\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.862060546875,\n              44.03232064275081\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.257568359375,\n              43.82660134505382\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.828857421875,\n              43.18915769654922\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.1419677734375,\n              42.4275113263909\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4715576171875,\n              41.87774145109676\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60888671875,\n              41.4509614012039\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.9327392578125,\n              41.3850519497068\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.5369873046875,\n              41.17038447781618\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.014892578125,\n              40.88860081193033\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.4049072265625,\n              40.48873742102282\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.036865234375,\n              40.287906612507406\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, C. T.","contributorId":79579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaworski, N.","contributorId":77635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaworski","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Short, F.T.","contributorId":20448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Findlay, S.","contributorId":61541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findlay","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warren, R.S.","contributorId":38678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223983,"text":"5223983 - 2000 - Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on energetics of white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T17:19:57.630716","indexId":"5223983","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on energetics of white-footed mouse, <i>Peromyscus leucopus</i>","title":"Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on energetics of white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus","docAbstract":"<p><span>Energy budgets have provided physiological ecologists with a vital link between environmental variables and individual performance and should also prove useful to ecotoxicologists in understanding the effects of sublethal exposure in the field. Exposure to toxic compounds is likely to be metabolically expensive and may result in a trade-off between energy spent to detoxify and excrete contaminants and energy allocated to growth or reproduction. To quantify the energetic cost of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure, we fed captive white-footed mice (</span><i>Peromyscus leucopus</i><span>) diets containing PCBs (2:1 Aroclor® 1242:1254) at levels of 0, 0.1, 10, and 25 ppm (mg PCBs/kg food). After six weeks on the diets, there were no differences in food intake (g/d), diet digestibility (%), or body mass related to the level of dietary PCBs. This indicated that short-term exposure to PCBs did not cause a detectable increase in energy need as measured by voluntary food intake. We continued to feed mice the PCB-containing diets for one year, at which time we repeated the food intake trial, and also measured oxygen consumption at 20 and 30°C. After one year, all mice had gained mass, but mice on the 25-ppm diet tended to be heavier than mice in the other groups. Compared to the control group, mice on the 25-ppm diet had higher food intake (4.1 vs 3.7 g/d;&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.06) and higher oxygen consumption at 30°C (40.1 vs 36.6 ml O</span><sub>2</sub><span>/h;&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.01). These results suggest that there is an energetic cost to long-term contaminant exposure that, when combined with other environmental stresses, may influence patterns of energy acquisition and allocation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620191121","usgsCitation":"Voltura, M., and French, J., 2000, Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on energetics of white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 11, p. 2757-2761, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191121.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2757","endPage":"2761","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voltura, M.B.","contributorId":53500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voltura","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"French, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":23252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223948,"text":"5223948 - 2000 - A different kind of census:  A field guide to nongame bird monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5223948","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1047,"text":"Bird Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A different kind of census:  A field guide to nongame bird monitoring programs","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"American Bird Conservancy, 1250 24th St. NW, Ste. 400, Washington, D.C. 20037.","usgsCitation":"Howe, M., and Peterjohn, B., 2000, A different kind of census:  A field guide to nongame bird monitoring programs: Bird Conservation, v. No. 13, p. 8-9.","productDescription":"8-9","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"No. 13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, M.A.","contributorId":70462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223945,"text":"5223945 - 2000 - Influence of inner-continental shelf geologic framework on the evolution and behavior of the barrier-island system between Fire Island Inlet and Shinnecock Inlet, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T11:15:29","indexId":"5223945","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of inner-continental shelf geologic framework on the evolution and behavior of the barrier-island system between Fire Island Inlet and Shinnecock Inlet, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"High-resolution, sea-floor mapping techniques, including sidescan-sonar and subbottom profiling, were used to investigate how the geologic framework of the inner-continental shelf influenced the Holocene evolution and modern behavior of the Fire Island barrier-island system, Long Island, New York.  The inner-continental shelf off Long Island is divided into two physiographic provinces by a broad outcrop of Cretaceous coastal-plain strata offshore of Watch Hill; this outcrop was part of a subaerial headland during the Holocene marine transgression.  Erosion of the headland during transgression furnished sediment to the inner-continental shelf downdrift to the west. The sediment was, in turn, reworked by oceanographic processes into a series of shoreface-attached sand ridges.  The oldest (~1200 yr BP) and most stable part of the barrier-island system is immediately landward of the outcropping coastal-plain strata and thickest sand ridges.  East of Watch Hill, Pleistocene sediment either is exposed on the inner-continental shelf or is buried by a veneer of modern reworked sediment.  Here the barrier-island system has migrated landward at a faster rate than the segment west of Watch Hill and has been breached by numerous historic inlets.  Because the Pleistocene sedimentary deposit is generally of uniform thickness throughout the study area and unconformably overlies the Cretaceous coastal-plain strata, both the Holocene and historical evolution of the Fire Island barrier-island system are controlled by the physiography of this regional unconformity.  In particular, the shoreface-connected sand ridges appear to be a significant source of sediment to the western portion of Fire Island.  Previous attempts to develop a sediment budget for this coastal system have failed to explain volumetric discrepancies, primarily because poor assumptions were made about the nature of sediment transport in the system.  A more realistic sediment budget must include a significantly larger spatial scale, including sediment input from the inner-continental shelf.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Thieler, E., Allen, J., Foster, D., Swift, B., and Denny, J.F., 2000, Influence of inner-continental shelf geologic framework on the evolution and behavior of the barrier-island system between Fire Island Inlet and Shinnecock Inlet, Long Island, New York: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 2, p. 408-422.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"422","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300050"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island Inlet, Long Island, Shinnecock Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.8775634765625,\n              40.55972134684838\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.268310546875,\n              40.55972134684838\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.268310546875,\n              41.335575973123916\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.8775634765625,\n              41.335575973123916\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.8775634765625,\n              40.55972134684838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dcb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, J.R.","contributorId":16955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swift, B.A.","contributorId":32937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223946,"text":"5223946 - 2000 - Effects of white phosphorus on mallard reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T17:54:38.944548","indexId":"5223946","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of white phosphorus on mallard reproduction","docAbstract":"<p>Extensive waterfowl mortality involving thousands of ducks, geese, and swans has occurred annually at Eagle River Flats, Alaska since at least 1982. The primary agent for this mortality has been identified as white phosphorus. Although acute and subacute lethality have been described, sublethal effects are less well known. This study reports on the effects of white phosphorus on reproductive function in the mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) in captivity. Fertility, hatching success, teratogenicity, and egg laying frequency were examined in 70 adult female mallards who received up to 7 daily doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg of white phosphorus. Measurements of fertility and hatchability were reduced by the white phosphorus. Teratogenic effects were observed in embryos from hens dosed at all treatment levels. Egg laying frequency was reduced even at the lowest treatment level; treated hens required a greater number of days to lay a clutch of 12 eggs than control hens. After two doses at 2.0 mg/kg, all females stopped laying completely for a minimum of 10 days and laying frequency was depressed for at least 45 days. Fertility of 10 adult male mallards dosed with 1.0 mg/kg of white phosphorus did not differ from 10 controls, but plasma testosterone levels were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced in the treated males 1 day after dosing ended. These results provide evidence that productivity of free-ranging mallards may be impaired if they are exposed to white phosphorus at typical field levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620191019","usgsCitation":"Vann, S., Sparling, D.W., and Ottinger, M.A., 2000, Effects of white phosphorus on mallard reproduction: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 10, p. 2525-2531, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191019.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2525","endPage":"2531","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eagle River Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.77798461914062,\n              61.2961315146597\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.6770477294922,\n              61.2961315146597\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.6770477294922,\n              61.328104255490025\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.77798461914062,\n              61.328104255490025\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.77798461914062,\n              61.2961315146597\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vann, S.I.","contributorId":82820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223947,"text":"5223947 - 2000 - Why monitoring matters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5223947","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1047,"text":"Bird Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why monitoring matters","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"American Bird Conservancy, 1250 24th St. NW, Ste. 400, Washington, D.C. 20037.","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., 2000, Why monitoring matters: Bird Conservation, v. No. 13, p. 6-7,.","productDescription":"6-7, 16","startPage":"6","endPage":"7,","numberOfPages":"-5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"No. 13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b7e4b07f02db5345bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223962,"text":"5223962 - 2000 - Hazards to wildlife from soil-borne cadmium reconsidered","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T17:18:29.539088","indexId":"5223962","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hazards to wildlife from soil-borne cadmium reconsidered","docAbstract":"Cadmium is a toxic element that should be included in environmental risk assessments of contaminated soils.  This paper argues, however, that hazards to wildlife from cadmium have often been overstated.  The literature contains only meager evidence that wild animals have been seriously harmed by cadmium, even at severely contaminated sites.  Although some researchers have reported that wildlife have accumulated concentrations of cadmium in their kidneys that were above suggested injury thresholds, the thresholds may be disputed, since they were well below the World Health Organization criterion of 200 mg/kg (wet weight) of cadmium in the renal cortex for protecting human health.  Recent risk assessments have concluded that soil cadmium concentrations less than 1 mg/kg are toxic to soil organisms and wildlife, which implies that background concentrations of cadmium naturally found in soils are hazardous.  An examination of the databases used to support these assessments suggested that the toxicity of cadmium has been exaggerated.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050002x","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., 2000, Hazards to wildlife from soil-borne cadmium reconsidered: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 29, no. 5, p. 1380-1384, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050002x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1380","endPage":"1384","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bfe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223950,"text":"5223950 - 2000 - Species variation in osmotic, cryoprotectant, and cooling rate tolerance in poultry, eagle, and Peregrine Falcon spermatozoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T15:50:29.73336","indexId":"5223950","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1033,"text":"Biology of Reproduction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species variation in osmotic, cryoprotectant, and cooling rate tolerance in poultry, eagle, and Peregrine Falcon spermatozoa","docAbstract":"<p><span>Potential factors influencing spermatozoa survival to cryopreservation and thawing were analyzed across a range of the following avian species: domestic chicken (</span><i>Gallus domesticus</i><span>), domestic turkey (</span><i>Meleagris gallopavo</i><span>), golden eagle (</span><i>Aquila chrysaetos</i><span>), Bonelli’s eagle (</span><i>Hieraaetus fasciatus</i><span>), imperial eagle (</span><i>Aquila adalberti</i><span>), and peregrine falcon (</span><i>Falco peregrinus</i><span>). Studies focused on spermatozoa tolerance to the following: 1) osmotic stress, 2) different extracellular concentrations of the cryoprotectant dimethylacetamide (DMA), 3) equilibration times of 1 versus 4 h, 4) equilibration temperature of 4 versus 21°C, and 5) rapid versus slow cooling before cryopreservation and standard thawing. Sperm viability was assessed with the live/dead stain (SYBR-14/propidium iodine). Sperm viability at osmolalities ≥800 mOsm was higher (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) in raptor than poultry semen. Return to isotonicity after exposure to hypertonicity (3000 mOsm) decreased (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) number of viable spermatozoa in chicken, turkey, and golden and Bonelli’s eagle spermatozoa but not in imperial eagle or peregrine falcon spermatozoa. Differences were found in spermatozoa resistance to hypotonic conditions, with eagle species demonstrating the most tolerance. Semen, equilibrated for 1 h (4°C) in diluent containing DMA (≥2.06 M), experienced decreased (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) spermatozoa survival in all species, except the golden eagle and peregrine falcon. Number of surviving spermatozoa diminished progressively with increasing DMA concentrations in all species. Increased equilibration temperature (from 4 to 21°C) markedly reduced (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) spermatozoa survival in all species except the Bonelli’s eagle and turkey. Rapid cooling was detrimental (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) to spermatozoa from all species except the imperial eagle and the chicken. These results demonstrate that avian spermatozoa differ remarkably in response to osmotic changes, DMA concentrations, equilibration time, temperature, and survival after fast or slow freezing. These differences emphasize the need for species-specific studies in the development and enhancement of assisted breeding for poultry and endangered species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1095/biolreprod63.4.1164","usgsCitation":"Blanco, J., Gee, G., Wildt, D., and Donoghue, A., 2000, Species variation in osmotic, cryoprotectant, and cooling rate tolerance in poultry, eagle, and Peregrine Falcon spermatozoa: Biology of Reproduction, v. 63, no. 4, p. 1164-1171, https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod63.4.1164.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1164","endPage":"1171","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod63.4.1164","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":200277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanco, J.M.","contributorId":50257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanco","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, G.","contributorId":64768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildt, D.E.","contributorId":106610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildt","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donoghue, A.M.","contributorId":46653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donoghue","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223963,"text":"5223963 - 2000 - Stratification based on reproductive state reveals contrasting patterns of age-related variation in demographic parameters in the kittiwake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T16:19:02.515873","indexId":"5223963","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratification based on reproductive state reveals contrasting patterns of age-related variation in demographic parameters in the kittiwake","docAbstract":"Heterogeneity in individual quality can be a major obstacle when interpreting age-specific variation in life-history traits.  Heterogeneity is likely to lead to within-generation selection, and patterns observed at the population level may result from the combination of hidden patterns specific to subpopulations.  Population-level patterns are not relevant to hypotheses concerning the evolution of age-specific reproductive strategies if they differ from patterns at the individual level.  We addressed the influence of age and a variable used as a surrogate of quality (yearly reproductive state) on survival and breeding probability in the kittiwake.  We found evidence of an effect of age and quality on both demographic parameters.  Patterns observed in breeders are consistent with the selection hypothesis, which predicts age-related increases in survival and traits positively correlated with survival.  Our results also reveal unexpected age effects specific to subgroups: the influence of age on survival and future breeding probability is not the same in nonbreeders and breeders.  These patterns are observed in higher-quality breeding habitats, where the influence of extrinsic factors on breeding state is the weakest.  Moreover, there is slight evidence of an influence of sex on breeding probability (not on survival), but the same overall pattern is observed in both sexes.  Our results support the hypothesis that age-related variation in demographic parameters observed at the population level is partly shaped by heterogeneity among individuals.  They also suggest processes specific to subpopulations.  Recent theoreticaI developments lay emphasis on integration of sources of heterogeneity in optimization models to account for apparently 'sub-optimal' empirical patterns.  Incorporation of sources of heterogeneity is also the key to investigation of age-related reproductive strategies in heterogeneous populations.  Thwarting 'heterogeneity's ruses' has become a major challenge: for detecting and understanding natural processes, and a constructive confrontation between empirical and theoretical studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900314.x","usgsCitation":"Cam, E., and Monnat, J.#., 2000, Stratification based on reproductive state reveals contrasting patterns of age-related variation in demographic parameters in the kittiwake: Oikos, v. 90, no. 3, p. 560-574, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900314.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"574","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"France","otherGeospatial":"Brittany","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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,{"id":5223933,"text":"5223933 - 2000 - Lead poisoning of passerines at a trap and skeet range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5223933","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead poisoning of passerines at a trap and skeet range","docAbstract":"Our objective was to determine if ground foraging passerines in a woodland surrounding a trap and skeet range were subject to lead poisoning.  Lead availability to birds was determined by shot counts and soil and earthworm analysis.  Avian exposure to lead was identified by measuring free-erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels in blood and lead in tissues of three passerine species.  Results showed that most shot were found in the top 3 cm of soil.  Lead measurements ranged from 110 to 27,000 ppm (dry wt) in soil and were 660 and 840 ppm in earthworms.  Sparrows held in an aviary at the range (p = 0.02) and free-flying juncos (p = 0.0005) mistnetted at the range displayed significantly higher protoporphyrin levels than those at an uncontaminated site.  Sparrow and cowbird carcasses from the aviary carried 37 and 39 ppm lead (dry wt), respectively, whereas a junco liver contained 9.3 ppm lead.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00112-8","collaboration":"5498_Vyas.pdf","usgsCitation":"Vyas, N., Spann, J.W., Heinz, G.H., Beyer, W., Jaquette, J., and Mengelkoch, J., 2000, Lead poisoning of passerines at a trap and skeet range: Environmental Pollution, v. 107, no. 1, p. 159-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00112-8.","productDescription":"159-166","startPage":"159","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17123,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00112-8","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vyas, N.B. 0000-0003-0191-1319","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-1319","contributorId":65567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vyas","given":"N.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaquette, J.A.","contributorId":70089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaquette","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mengelkoch, J.M.","contributorId":81217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengelkoch","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223930,"text":"5223930 - 2000 - Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the mid-Atlantic integrated assessment region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T16:40:04.522828","indexId":"5223930","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the mid-Atlantic integrated assessment region","docAbstract":"Species richness of local communities is a state variable commonly used in community ecology and conservation biology.  Investigation of spatial and temporal variations in richness and identification of factors associated with these variations form a basis for specifying management plans, evaluating these plans, and for testing hypotheses of theoretical interest.  However, estimation of species richness is not trivial: species can be missed by investigators during sampling sessions.  Sampling artifacts can lead to erroneous conclusions on spatial and temporal variation in species richness.  Here we use data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to estimate parameters describing the state of bird communities in the Mid-Atlantic Assessment (MAIA) region: species richness, extinction probability, turnover and relative species richness.  We use a recently developed approach to estimation of species richness and related parameters that does not require the assumption that all the species are detected during sampling efforts.  The information presented here is intended to visualize the state of bird communities in the MAIA region.  We provide information on 1975 and 1990.  We also quantified the changes between these years.  We summarized and mapped the community attributes at a scale of management interest (watershed units).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1006473804874","usgsCitation":"Cam, E., Sauer, J.R., Nichols, J.D., Hines, J.E., and Flather, C.H., 2000, Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the mid-Atlantic integrated assessment region: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 63, no. 1, p. 81-94, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006473804874.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West 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H.","contributorId":177590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flather","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223927,"text":"5223927 - 2000 - Use of contour maps of water depths to predict flora and fauna abundance in moist soil management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223927","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3749,"text":"Wetland Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of contour maps of water depths to predict flora and fauna abundance in moist soil management","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetland Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., Bauman, B., Gough, G., and Lohnes, E., 2000, Use of contour maps of water depths to predict flora and fauna abundance in moist soil management: Wetland Journal, v. 12, no. 2, p. 10-13.","productDescription":"10-13","startPage":"10","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauman, B.","contributorId":68433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, G.A.","contributorId":105013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lohnes, E.J.R.","contributorId":11728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohnes","given":"E.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223934,"text":"5223934 - 2000 - Patterns of colony-site use and disuse in saltmarsh-nesting Common and Roseate terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:36","indexId":"5223934","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of colony-site use and disuse in saltmarsh-nesting Common and Roseate terns","docAbstract":"Nearly all previous studies of saltmarsh-nesting Common Terns on the east coast of the United States have concluded that tidal saltmarshes were suboptimal or marginal breeding habitats.  Questioning that conclusion, we analyzed patterns of both saltmarsh and nonmarsh colony use (stability, movement, establishment, abandonment, and size) obtained during 5 yr of annual helicopter censuses of all Common and Roseate terns breeding on Long Island, New York.   We found 1900-3600 pairs at 10-33 saltmarsh and 22-30 nonmarsh sites; there were few biologically important differences between Common Terns nesting at marsh and at nonmarsh sites. We did find that (1) marsh sites and colony sizes increased through the study period; (2) both marsh and nonmarsh colonies grew with duration of occupancy; (3) smaller marsh and nonmarsh colonies (<50 pairs) usually lasted only 12 yr, while larger colonies were equally likely to persist for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 yr; (4) numbers of marsh and nonmarsh sites used each year were generally unrelated to population sizes; (5) 5yr sites composed only 10.6% of total marsh and 17.6% of total nonmarsh sites; (6) the mean sizes of both newly established and about-to-be-abandoned colonies were smaller than the mean sizes of all others when averaged between but not within years; (7) most previously occupied sites, once abandoned, remained so for only 1 yr, and most new sites were occupied for only a single year; (8) annual turnover rates were 32%-49% for both marsh and nonmarsh sites; (9) marsh and nonmarsh breeding populations were correlated each year, allowing estimation of the total Long Island population to within +4% by censusing only the 20-25% in saltmarshes.  Roseate Tern data were few, especially in marshes, obviating marsh-nonmarsh comparisons, except that Roseates failed to persist in saltmarshes, and their overall mean colony sizes across the same numbers of years' occupancy were usually smaller than Commons', although their turnover rates were roughly the same.  We conclude that saltmarsh-nesting Common Terns are well adapted to marsh nesting and that they have probably been doing so for perhaps hundreds of generations.  We hypothesize that it may have been a relict population of saltmarsh-nesters that saved the species from extirpation in the late 1800s.  In contrast, Roseate Tern's failure to exploit extensive saltmarsh habitat seems yet another factor abetting its precarious status in northeastern North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5499_Buckley.pdf","usgsCitation":"Buckley, P.A., and Buckley, F.G., 2000, Patterns of colony-site use and disuse in saltmarsh-nesting Common and Roseate terns: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 71, no. 2, p. 356-369.","productDescription":"356-369","startPage":"356","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17124,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1648%2F0273-8570%282000%29071%5B0356%3APOCSUA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckley, P. A.","contributorId":69264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, F. G.","contributorId":73319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223925,"text":"5223925 - 2000 - Plethodon cinereus (Redback Salamander) predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223925","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plethodon cinereus (Redback Salamander) predation","docAbstract":"In 1999 at the Patuxent Research Refuge, we observed a large rove beetle (Staphylinus maculosus) consuming an eviscerated redback salamander (Plethodon cinereus) underneath a coverboard.  Rove beetles typically eat invertebrates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jung, R., Ward, W., Kings, C., and Weir, L., 2000, Plethodon cinereus (Redback Salamander) predation: Herpetological Review, v. 31, no. 2, p. 98-99.","productDescription":"98-99","startPage":"98","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684eac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jung, R.E.","contributorId":66213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, W.L.","contributorId":30723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kings, C.O.","contributorId":70088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kings","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weir, L.A.","contributorId":20855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weir","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223922,"text":"5223922 - 2000 - Relative species richness and community completeness: avian communities and urbanization in the mid-Atlantic states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T18:47:01.616126","indexId":"5223922","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative species richness and community completeness: avian communities and urbanization in the mid-Atlantic states","docAbstract":"The idea that local factors govern local richness has been dominant for years, but recent theoretical and empirical studies have stressed the influence of regional factors on local richness.  Fewer species at a site could reflect not only the influence of local factors, but also a smaller regional pool.  The possible dependency of local richness on the regional pool should be taken into account when addressing the influence of local factors on local richness.  It is possible to account for this potential dependency by comparing relative species richness among sites, rather than species richness per se.  We consider estimation of a metric permitting assessment of relative species richness in a typical situation in which not all species are detected during sampling sessions.  In this situation, estimates of absolute or relative species richness need to account for variation in species detection probability if they are to be unbiased.  We present a method to estimate relative species richness based on capture-recapture models.  This approach involves definition of a species list from regional data, and estimation of the number of species in that list that are present at a site-year of interest.  We use this approach to address the influence of urbanization on relative richness of avian communities in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.  There is a negative relationship between relative richness and landscape variables describing the level of urban development.  We believe that this metric should prove very useful for conservation and management purposes because it is based on an estimator of species richness that both accounts for potential variation in species detection probability and allows flexibility in the specification of a 'reference community.'  This metric can be used to assess ecological integrity, the richness of the community of interest relative to that of the 'original' community, or to assess change since some previous time in a community.","largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1196:RSRACC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cam, E., Nichols, J., Sauer, J., Hines, J., and Flather, C., 2000, Relative species richness and community completeness: avian communities and urbanization in the mid-Atlantic states: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 4, p. 1196-1210, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1196:RSRACC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1196","endPage":"1210","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.55587,39.605824],[-75.511743,39.674313],[-75.593068,39.479186],[-75.401193,39.088762],[-75.06551,38.66103],[-75.057288,38.404738],[-75.87767,37.135604],[-76.023664,37.268971],[-75.712065,37.936082],[-75.846621,37.925785],[-75.938577,38.272329],[-76.188644,38.267434],[-76.320843,38.459862],[-76.190902,38.621092],[-76.308922,38.813346],[-76.205063,38.892726],[-76.333703,38.984607],[-76.168332,38.996546],[-76.27566,39.160304],[-75.986298,39.510398],[-76.497977,39.204697],[-76.438845,39.0529],[-76.559697,38.767443],[-76.329433,38.073986],[-77.040638,38.444618],[-77.256412,38.396755],[-77.175969,38.604113],[-77.319036,38.417803],[-77.024866,38.386791],[-76.910832,38.197073],[-76.265998,37.91138],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.722156,37.83668],[-76.252415,37.447274],[-76.475927,37.250543],[-76.300352,37.00885],[-76.780532,37.209336],[-76.482407,36.917364],[-76.058154,36.916947],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-83.645586,36.600002],[-82.895445,36.882145],[-82.722097,37.120168],[-81.968297,37.537798],[-82.39968,37.829935],[-82.638398,38.152157],[-82.595382,38.382712],[-82.181967,38.599384],[-82.068864,38.984878],[-81.759995,38.925828],[-81.814155,39.073478],[-81.692203,39.236091],[-80.865575,39.662751],[-80.602895,40.327869],[-80.652436,40.562544],[-80.52566,40.636068],[-80.519345,41.929168],[-78.868556,42.770258],[-79.061388,43.251349],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-77.577223,43.243263],[-76.794708,43.309632],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.133697,43.940356],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-75.26825,44.855119],[-74.868663,45.001274],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.430325,43.590532],[-73.247631,43.51924],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.482709,41.21276],[-73.727775,41.100696],[-73.782577,40.837601],[-72.635374,40.990536],[-72.245348,41.161217],[-72.273657,41.051533],[-72.116368,40.999796],[-71.869558,41.075046],[-73.23914,40.6251],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-74.143387,40.641903],[-74.209788,40.447407],[-73.995683,40.468707],[-73.971381,40.371709],[-74.090945,39.799978],[-74.850748,38.954538],[-74.933571,38.928519],[-74.905181,39.174945],[-75.165979,39.201842],[-75.542894,39.470447],[-75.55587,39.605824]],[[-77.038598,38.791513],[-77.002498,38.96541],[-77.0915,38.95651],[-77.038598,38.791513]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.120186,40.642201],[-74.144428,40.53516]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Delaware\",\"nation\":\"USA 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0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flather, C.H.","contributorId":73161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flather","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223924,"text":"5223924 - 2000 - Evaluation of terrestrial and streamside salamander monitoring techniques at Shenandoah National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T18:10:11.979444","indexId":"5223924","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of terrestrial and streamside salamander monitoring techniques at Shenandoah National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>In response to concerns about amphibian declines, a study evaluating and validating amphibian monitoring techniques was initiated in Shenandoah and Big Bend National Parks in the spring of 1998. We evaluate precision, bias, and efficiency of several sampling methods for terrestrial and streamside salamanders in Shenandoah National Park and assess salamander abundance in relation to environmental variables, notably soil and water pH. Terrestrial salamanders, primarily redback salamanders (</span><i>Plethodon cinereus</i><span>), were sampled by searching under cover objects during the day in square plots (10 to 35 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>). We compared population indices (mean daily and total counts) with adjusted population estimates from capture-recapture. Analyses suggested that the proportion of salamanders detected (</span><i>p</i><span>) during sampling varied among plots, necessitating the use of adjusted population estimates. However, adjusted population estimates were less precise than population indices, and may not be efficient in relating salamander populations to environmental variables. In future sampling, strategic use of capture-recapture to verify consistency of&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>'s among sites may be a reasonable compromise between the possibility of bias in estimation of population size and deficiencies due to inefficiency associated with the estimation of&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>. The streamside two-lined salamander (</span><i>Eurycea bislineata</i><span>) was surveyed using four methods: leaf litter refugia bags, 1 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;quadrats, 50 × 1 m visual encounter transects, and electric shocking. Comparison of survey methods at nine streams revealed congruent patterns of abundance among sites, suggesting that relative bias among the methods is similar, and that choice of survey method should be based on precision and logistical efficiency. Redback and two-lined salamander abundance were not significantly related to soil or water pH, respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1006413603057","usgsCitation":"Jung, R., Droege, S., Sauer, J., and Landy, R., 2000, Evaluation of terrestrial and streamside salamander monitoring techniques at Shenandoah National Park: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 63, no. 1, p. 65-79, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006413603057.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park, Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n  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R.E.","contributorId":66213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landy, 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,{"id":5223921,"text":"5223921 - 2000 - Comparison of line transects and point counts for monitoring spring migration in forested wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223921","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of line transects and point counts for monitoring spring migration in forested wetlands","docAbstract":"We compared the efficacy of 400-m line transects and sets of three point counts at detecting avian richness and abundance in bottomland hardwood forests and intensively managed cottonwood (Populus deltoides) plantations within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley.  We detected more species and more individuals on line transects than on three point counts during 218 paired surveys conducted between 24 March and 3 June, 1996 and 1997.  Line transects also yielded more birds per unit of time, even though point counts yielded higher estimates of relative bird density.  In structurally more-complex bottomland hardwood forests, we detected more species and individuals on line transects, but in more-open cottonwood plantations, transects surpassed point counts only at detecting species within 50 m of the observer.  Species richness and total abundance of Nearctic-Neotropical migrants and temperate migrants were greater on line transects within bottomland hardwood forests. Within cottonwood plantations, however, only species richness of Nearctic-Neotropical migrants and total abundance of temperate migrants were greater on line transects.  Because we compared survey techniques using the same observer, within the same forest stand on a given day, we assumed that the technique yielding greater estimates of avian species richness and total abundance per unit of effort is superior.  Thus, for monitoring migration within hardwood forests of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, we recommend using line transects instead of point counts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5481_Wilson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R., Twedt, D., and Elliott, A., 2000, Comparison of line transects and point counts for monitoring spring migration in forested wetlands: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 71, no. 2, p. 345-355.","productDescription":"345-355","startPage":"345","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17119,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1648%2F0273-8570%282000%29071%5B0345%3ACOLTAP%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, R.R.","contributorId":12138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, A.B.","contributorId":73712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223920,"text":"5223920 - 2000 - The northeastern states' waterfowl breeding population survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"5223920","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The northeastern states' waterfowl breeding population survey","docAbstract":"Efforts to tailor waterfowl hunting regulations to conditions in the Atlantic Flyway have been hampered by lack of information on local breeding populations.  The Atlantic Flyway Council's technical section voted at its 1987 winter meeting (Atlantic Flyway Council Technical Section, Toronto, Canada) to establish a regional waterfowl breeding survey.  Consequently, an annual survey was started in 1989 and further refined in 1993 using results from 1989 to 1992.  During 1993-1997, annual spring surveys of more than 1,450 randomly selected 1-km2  plots, stratified by physiographic strata, were conducted in the Atlantic Flyway from New Hampshire to Virginia to estimate breeding populations of mallards (Arias platyrhynchos), American black ducks (A. rubripes), wood ducks (Aix sponsa), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis).  Ground crews systematically surveyed all potential waterfowl habitat for these species in each plot.  The adjusted mean mallard pair estimate over the 5-year period was 375,962 (range 310,299-415,182, mean SE 25,761) for the region surveyed.  The estimate for black duck pairs was 31,1 54 (range 27,164'37,521, mean SE 4,978), and for wood duck pairs it was 240,473 (range 218,959-281,916, mean SE 25,408).  Total number of Canada geese increased from 526,663 in 1993 to 892,278 in 1997.  Population estimates for other species had unacceptably large standard errors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Heusmann, H., and Sauer, J., 2000, The northeastern states' waterfowl breeding population survey: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 3, p. 355-364.","productDescription":"355-364","startPage":"355","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17118,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783692","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heusmann, H.W.","contributorId":83231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusmann","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223926,"text":"5223926 - 2000 - Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallard ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T15:20:27.829898","indexId":"5223926","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallard ducklings","docAbstract":"<p>Sediment ingestion has been identified as an important exposure route for toxicants in waterfowl. The toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho was examined on posthatching development of mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) ducklings for 6 weeks. Day-old ducklings received either untreated control diet, clean sediment (24%) supplemented control diet, CDARB sediment (3,449 μg/g lead) supplemented diets at 12% or 24%, or a positive control diet containing lead acetate equivalent to that found in 24% CDARB. The 12% CDARB diet resulted in a geometric mean blood lead concentration of 1.41 ppm (WW) with over 90% depression of red blood cell ALAD activity and over threefold elevation of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration. The 24% CDARB diet resulted in blood lead of 2.56 ppm with over sixfold elevation of protoporphyrin and lower brain weight. In this group the liver lead concentration was 7.92 ppm (WW), and there was a 40% increase in hepatic reduced glutathione concentration. The kidney lead concentration in this group was 7.97 ppm, and acid-fast inclusion bodies were present in the kidneys of four of nine ducklings. The lead acetate positive control group was more adversely affected in most respects than the 24% CDARB group. With a less optimal diet (mixture of two thirds corn and one third standard diet), CDARB sediment was more toxic; blood lead levels were higher, body growth and liver biochemistry (TBARS) were more affected, and prevalence of acid-fast inclusion bodies increased. Lead from CDARB sediment accumulated more readily in duckling blood and liver than reported in goslings, but at given concentrations was generally less toxic to ducklings. Many of these effects are similar to ones reported in wild mallards and geese within the CDARB.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010099","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Heinz, G.H., Sileo, L., Audet, D., Campbell, J., and LeCaptain, L.J., 2000, Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallard ducklings: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, no. 2, p. 221-232, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010099.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"232","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Cour d'Alene River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.11700439453125,\n              47.84450101574877\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1307373046875,\n              46.837649560937464\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.510009765625,\n              46.568302354495195\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.94696044921875,\n              46.470024689385305\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.949951171875,\n              46.604167162931844\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.89501953124999,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.37841796874999,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.4498291015625,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.77392578125,\n              47.787325537803106\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.99914550781249,\n              47.89424772020999\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3067626953125,\n              47.99359789867388\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6912841796875,\n              47.98256841921402\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.11700439453125,\n              47.84450101574877\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. 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