{"pageNumber":"3172","pageRowStart":"79275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184884,"records":[{"id":5223924,"text":"5223924 - 2000 - Evaluation of terrestrial and streamside salamander monitoring techniques at Shenandoah National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T18:10:11.979444","indexId":"5223924","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of terrestrial and streamside salamander monitoring techniques at Shenandoah National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>In response to concerns about amphibian declines, a study evaluating and validating amphibian monitoring techniques was initiated in Shenandoah and Big Bend National Parks in the spring of 1998. We evaluate precision, bias, and efficiency of several sampling methods for terrestrial and streamside salamanders in Shenandoah National Park and assess salamander abundance in relation to environmental variables, notably soil and water pH. Terrestrial salamanders, primarily redback salamanders (</span><i>Plethodon cinereus</i><span>), were sampled by searching under cover objects during the day in square plots (10 to 35 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>). We compared population indices (mean daily and total counts) with adjusted population estimates from capture-recapture. Analyses suggested that the proportion of salamanders detected (</span><i>p</i><span>) during sampling varied among plots, necessitating the use of adjusted population estimates. However, adjusted population estimates were less precise than population indices, and may not be efficient in relating salamander populations to environmental variables. In future sampling, strategic use of capture-recapture to verify consistency of&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>'s among sites may be a reasonable compromise between the possibility of bias in estimation of population size and deficiencies due to inefficiency associated with the estimation of&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>. The streamside two-lined salamander (</span><i>Eurycea bislineata</i><span>) was surveyed using four methods: leaf litter refugia bags, 1 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;quadrats, 50 × 1 m visual encounter transects, and electric shocking. Comparison of survey methods at nine streams revealed congruent patterns of abundance among sites, suggesting that relative bias among the methods is similar, and that choice of survey method should be based on precision and logistical efficiency. Redback and two-lined salamander abundance were not significantly related to soil or water pH, respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1006413603057","usgsCitation":"Jung, R., Droege, S., Sauer, J., and Landy, R., 2000, Evaluation of terrestrial and streamside salamander monitoring techniques at Shenandoah National Park: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 63, no. 1, p. 65-79, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006413603057.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park, Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n  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,{"id":5223930,"text":"5223930 - 2000 - Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the mid-Atlantic integrated assessment region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T16:40:04.522828","indexId":"5223930","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the mid-Atlantic integrated assessment region","docAbstract":"Species richness of local communities is a state variable commonly used in community ecology and conservation biology.  Investigation of spatial and temporal variations in richness and identification of factors associated with these variations form a basis for specifying management plans, evaluating these plans, and for testing hypotheses of theoretical interest.  However, estimation of species richness is not trivial: species can be missed by investigators during sampling sessions.  Sampling artifacts can lead to erroneous conclusions on spatial and temporal variation in species richness.  Here we use data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to estimate parameters describing the state of bird communities in the Mid-Atlantic Assessment (MAIA) region: species richness, extinction probability, turnover and relative species richness.  We use a recently developed approach to estimation of species richness and related parameters that does not require the assumption that all the species are detected during sampling efforts.  The information presented here is intended to visualize the state of bird communities in the MAIA region.  We provide information on 1975 and 1990.  We also quantified the changes between these years.  We summarized and mapped the community attributes at a scale of management interest (watershed units).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1006473804874","usgsCitation":"Cam, E., Sauer, J.R., Nichols, J.D., Hines, J.E., and Flather, C.H., 2000, Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the mid-Atlantic integrated assessment region: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 63, no. 1, p. 81-94, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006473804874.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West 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H.","contributorId":177590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flather","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223944,"text":"5223944 - 2000 - Relation of waterfowl poisoning to sediment lead concentrations in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T16:45:38.592685","indexId":"5223944","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of waterfowl poisoning to sediment lead concentrations in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>For many years, waterfowl have been poisoned by lead after ingesting contaminated sediment in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, in Idaho. Results of studies on waterfowl experimentally fed this sediment were combined with results from field studies conducted in the Basin to relate sediment lead concentration to injury to waterfowl. The first step in the model estimated exposure as the relation of sediment lead concentration to blood lead concentration in mute swans (</span><i>Cygnus olor</i><span>), ingesting 22% sediment in a rice diet. That rate corresponded to the 90th percentile of sediment ingestion estimated from analyses of feces of tundra swans (</span><i>Olor columbianus</i><span>) in the Basin. Then, with additional laboratory studies on Canada geese (</span><i>Branta canadensis</i><span>) and mallards (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>) fed the sediment, we developed the general relation of blood lead to injury in waterfowl. Injury was quantified by blood lead concentrations, ALAD (δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) activity, protoporphyrin concentrations, hemoglobin concentrations, hepatic lead concentrations, and the prevalence of renal nuclear inclusion bodies. Putting the exposure and injury relations together provided a powerful tool for assessing hazards to wildlife in the Basin. The no effect concentration of sediment lead was estimated as 24 mg/kg and the lowest effect level as 530 mg/kg. By combining our exposure equation with data on blood lead concentrations measured in moribund tundra swans in the Basin, we estimated that some mortality would occur at a sediment lead concentration as low as 1800 mg/kg.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1008998821913","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., Audet, D., Heinz, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., and Day, D., 2000, Relation of waterfowl poisoning to sediment lead concentrations in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin: Ecotoxicology, v. 9, no. 3, p. 207-218, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008998821913.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"218","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.037353515625,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.576416015625,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.576416015625,\n              47.95314495015594\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.037353515625,\n              47.95314495015594\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.037353515625,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db60633e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Audet, D. J.","contributorId":38949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Audet","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Day, D. 0000-0001-9070-7170","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-7170","contributorId":20298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223903,"text":"5223903 - 2000 - Brief communication: Polymorphism of alpha1-antitrypsin in North American species of Canis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T18:30:32.520886","indexId":"5223903","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Brief communication: Polymorphism of α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin in North American species of <i>Canis</i>","title":"Brief communication: Polymorphism of alpha1-antitrypsin in North American species of Canis","docAbstract":"<p>α1-Antitrypsin (A1AT) is a major protease inhibitor present in all mammalian sera that have thus far been investigated. A1AT is also highly polymorphic and is therefore a useful genetic marker. Previously reported A1AT polymorphism in domestic dogs consisted of two alleles designated as Pim and Pis which exhibited frequencies of 0.72 and 0.28, respectively, in a group of randomly collected mongrel dogs. North American species of Canis, which included gray wolves (n=29), Mexican wolves (n=20), coyotes (n=24), wolf-dog crosses (n=9), and red wolves (n=27) were tested for A1AT polymorphism. A1AT phenotypes were determined by isoelectric focusing, followed by direct immunoblotting using a specific antiserum. A1AT concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Concentrations of A1AT were similar to those found in domestic dogs (2.26 ± 0.3, ± SD mg/ml, ± SD) and tended to be higher in females than in males, possibly indicating that A1AT may be hormonally influenced in females. Three phenotypic band patterns were observed (M, MS, S). The allele frequencies for domestic dogs and gray wolves were very similar, 0.72 and 0.67 for Pim and 0.28 and 0.33 for Pis, respectively. The Mexican wolves had a significantly lower frequency of Pis = 0.10. Coyotes and red wolves were all found to be monomorphic for the Pis allele and were indistinguishable from each other in that respect.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jhered/91.2.174","usgsCitation":"Federoff, N., and Kueppers, F., 2000, Brief communication: Polymorphism of alpha1-antitrypsin in North American species of Canis: Journal of Heredity, v. 91, no. 2, p. 174-176, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/91.2.174.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"176","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/91.2.174","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Federoff, N.E.","contributorId":50492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Federoff","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kueppers, F.","contributorId":32893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kueppers","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223916,"text":"5223916 - 2000 - Organochlorine and metal contaminant exposure and effects in hatching Black-Crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in Delaware Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T15:40:40.078448","indexId":"5223916","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Organochlorine and metal contaminant exposure and effects in hatching Black-Crowned Night Herons (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>) in Delaware Bay","title":"Organochlorine and metal contaminant exposure and effects in hatching Black-Crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in Delaware Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pea Patch Island in Delaware Bay is the site of the largest heronry north of Florida. From 1989–93, the population of nine species of wading birds numbered approximately 12,000 pairs, but has recently declined to about 7,000 pairs. Because Delaware Bay is a major shipping channel and receives anthropogenic releases of toxic substances from agricultural, industrial, and municipal point and nonpoint sources, contaminant exposure and effects to the heronry have been an ongoing concern. In 1997, pipping (early hatching stage) black-crowned night herons (</span><i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i><span>) were collected from separate nests at Pea Patch Island and from a coastal reference site, Middle Island in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. There was no evidence of malformations or hepatic histopathological lesions in embryos, and their body and liver weights did not differ between sites. Biomarkers of petroleum hydrocarbons, polyhalogenated contaminant, and metal exposure (cytochrome P450 induction and oxidative stress responses) did not differ (p &gt; 0.05) between sites, although activities of benzyloxy-</span><i>O</i><span>-dealkylase and ethoxyresorufin-</span><i>O</i><span>-dealkylase were somewhat elevated in 3 of the 15 embryos collected from Pea Patch Island. Concentrations of 21 organochlorine pesticides and metabolites were relatively low at both sites, with&nbsp;</span><i>p,p′</i><span>-DDE values well below the threshold associated with eggshell thinning. Although total PCB concentration was modestly elevated (p &lt; 0.05) in Pea Patch Island heron embryos, levels of arylhydrocarbon receptor-active PCB congeners, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, and toxic equivalents were low and did not differ between sites. Concentrations of Cd and Mn in pipping embryos from Pea Patch Island were slightly greater (p &lt; 0.05) than values observed in Middle Island embryos, but levels of these and the other metals and metalloids (</span><i>e.g.</i><span>, Hg and Se) were below values associated with toxicity. In conclusion, it seems unlikely that chlorinated hydrocarbon and metal contaminant exposure constitutes a direct threat to the reproductive success of black-crowned night herons at Pea Patch Island. However, low-level exposure to these contaminants may constitute one of many stressors that in combination could adversely affect the stability of the wading bird population at this large heronry.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010077","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., Hoffman, D.J., Melancon, M.J., Olsen, G.H., Schmidt, S., and Parsons, K., 2000, Organochlorine and metal contaminant exposure and effects in hatching Black-Crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in Delaware Bay: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 38-45, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010077.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay, Pea Patch Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.56756973266602,\n              39.585053090643605\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.56482315063477,\n              39.58793046682883\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.56465148925781,\n              39.590047081077365\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.56645393371582,\n              39.5919321362032\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.56975841522217,\n              39.59424704601093\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57297706604004,\n              39.59533833380493\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57336330413818,\n              39.59639653585347\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5766248703003,\n              39.59758699383474\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.58053016662598,\n              39.600133182501295\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.58125972747803,\n              39.600100115715925\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57997226715088,\n              39.59679335745391\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57937145233154,\n              39.592659687620994\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57593822479248,\n              39.5875997400116\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57224750518799,\n              39.5856153459575\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.56941509246826,\n              39.58488772056539\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.56756973266602,\n              39.585053090643605\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68aaf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, S.R.","contributorId":73719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsons, K.C.","contributorId":60743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223895,"text":"5223895 - 2000 - Toxicity of manganese to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T16:05:10.306883","indexId":"5223895","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Toxicity of manganese to <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> and <i>Hyalella azteca</i>","title":"Toxicity of manganese to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca","docAbstract":"<p><span>Manganese is a toxic element frequently overlooked when assessing toxicity of effluents, sediments, and pore waters. Manganese can be present at toxic levels in anoxic solutions due to increased solubility under chemically reducing conditions, and it can remain at those levels for days in aerated test waters due to slow precipitation kinetics.&nbsp;</span><i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Hyalella azteca</i><span>&nbsp;are freshwater organisms often used for toxicity testing and recommended for assessments of effluents and pore waters. Lethal and reproductive-inhibition concentrations of Mn were determined for&nbsp;</span><i>C. dubia</i><span>&nbsp;in acute 48-h tests and chronic three-brood tests using animals &lt;24 h old and between 24 and 48 h old. Sensitivity of&nbsp;</span><i>H. azteca</i><span>&nbsp;to Mn was determined with 7-day-old animals in acute 96-h tests. Tests were run at three levels of water hardness to assess the amelioratory effect, which was often significant. Manganese concentrations were measured analytically at test initiation and after 96 h for calculation of toxicity and determination of Mn precipitation during the tests. Minimal amounts of Mn (≤3%) precipitated within 96 h. LC</span><sub>50</sub><span>s determined for&nbsp;</span><i>H. azteca</i><span>&nbsp;progressively increased from 3.0 to 8.6 to 13.7 mg Mn/L in soft, moderately hard, and hard waters, respectively. The tolerance of&nbsp;</span><i>C. dubia</i><span>&nbsp;to Mn was not significantly different between moderately hard and hard waters, but was significantly lower in soft water. Manganese sensitivity of&nbsp;</span><i>C. dubia</i><span>&nbsp;was not significantly different between the ages tested. Acute LC</span><sub>50</sub><span>&nbsp;values for&nbsp;</span><i>C. dubia</i><span>&nbsp;averaged 6.2, 14.5 and 15.2 mg Mn/L and chronic IC</span><sub>50</sub><span>&nbsp;values averaged 3.9, 8.5 and 11.5 mg Mn/L for soft, moderately-hard and hard waters, respectively. Manganese toxicity should be considered when assessing solutions with concentrations approaching these levels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449910039","usgsCitation":"Lasier, P., Winger, P.V., and Bogenrieder, K.J., 2000, Toxicity of manganese to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 38, no. 3, p. 298-304, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449910039.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"304","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62800e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasier, P. J.","contributorId":79201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogenrieder, K. J.","contributorId":22880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogenrieder","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223914,"text":"5223914 - 2000 - A double-observer approach for estimating detection probability and abundance from point counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T20:21:35.960374","indexId":"5223914","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A double-observer approach for estimating detection probability and abundance from point counts","docAbstract":"Although point counts are frequently used in ornithological studies, basic assumptions about detection probabilities often are untested.  We apply a double-observer approach developed to estimate detection probabilities for aerial surveys (Cook and Jacobson 1979) to avian point counts.  At each point count, a designated 'primary' observer indicates to another ('secondary') observer all birds detected.  The secondary observer records all detections of the primary observer as well as any birds not detected by the primary observer.  Observers alternate primary and secondary roles during the course of the survey.  The approach permits estimation of observer-specific detection probabilities and bird abundance.  We developed a set of models that incorporate different assumptions about sources of variation (e.g. observer, bird species) in detection probability.  Seventeen field trials were conducted, and models were fit to the resulting data using program SURVIV.  Single-observer point counts generally miss varying proportions of the birds actually present, and observer and bird species were found to be relevant sources of variation in detection probabilities. Overall detection probabilities (probability of being detected by at least one of the two observers) estimated using the double-observer approach were very high (>0.95), yielding precise estimates of avian abundance.  We consider problems with the approach and recommend possible solutions, including restriction of the approach to fixed-radius counts to reduce the effect of variation in the effective radius of detection among various observers and to provide a basis for using spatial sampling to estimate bird abundance on large areas of interest.  We believe that most questions meriting the effort required to carry out point counts also merit serious attempts to estimate detection probabilities associated with the counts.  The double-observer approach is a method that can be used for this purpose.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/117.2.393","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Hines, J., Sauer, J., Fallon, F., Fallon, J., and Heglund, P., 2000, A double-observer approach for estimating detection probability and abundance from point counts: The Auk, v. 117, no. 2, p. 393-408, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.2.393.","productDescription":"16","startPage":"393","endPage":"408","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aece7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fallon, F.W.","contributorId":80794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fallon, J.E.","contributorId":50629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223899,"text":"5223899 - 2000 - Effects of forest management on density, survival, and population growth of wood thrushes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T16:32:42.852983","indexId":"5223899","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of forest management on density, survival, and population growth of wood thrushes","docAbstract":"<p>Loss and alteration of breeding habitat have been proposed as causes of declines in several Neotropical migrant bird populations. We conducted a 4-year study to determine the effects of winter prescribed burning and forest thinning on breeding wood thrush (<i>Hylocichla mustelina</i>) populations at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge (PNWR) in Georgia. We estimated density, adult and juvenile survival rates, and apparent annual survival using transect surveys, radiotelemetry, and mist netting. Burning and thinning did not cause lower densities (<i>P</i> = 0.25); wood thrush density ranged from 0.15 to 1.30 pairs/10 ha. No radiomarked male wood thrushes (<i>n</i> = 68) died during the 4 years, but female (<i>n</i> = 63) weekly survival was 0.981 <span>±</span> 0.014 (SE) for females (<i>n</i> = 63) and 0.976 <span>±</span> 0.010 for juveniles (<i>n</i> = 38). Apparent annual adult survival was 0.579 (SE = 0.173). Thinning and prescribed burning did not reduce adult or juvenile survival during the breeding season or apparent annual adult survival. Annual population growth (lambda) at PNWR was 1.00 (95% confidence interval = 0.32-1.63), and the considerable uncertainty in this prediction underscores the need for long term monitoring to effectively manage Neotropical migrants. Population growth increased on experimental compartments after the burn and thin (95% CI before = 0.91-0.97, after = 0.98-1.05), while control compartment declined (before = 0.98-1.05, after = 0.87-0.92). We found no evidence that the current management regime at PNWR, designed to improve red-cockaded woodpecker (<i>Picoides borealis</i>) habitat, negatively affected wood thrushes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802970","usgsCitation":"Powell, L., Lang, J.D., Conroy, M., and Krementz, D., 2000, Effects of forest management on density, survival, and population growth of wood thrushes: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 11-23, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802970.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.9190673828125,\n              33.28347195224924\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.69865417480469,\n              32.9464537926927\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.34228515625,\n              33.17778985580038\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.61968994140624,\n              33.35920864732515\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.9190673828125,\n              33.28347195224924\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lang, J. D.","contributorId":88058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223912,"text":"5223912 - 2000 - Mixed-function oxygenases, oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage measured in lesser scaup wintering on the Indiana Harbor Canal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T15:48:32.170441","indexId":"5223912","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixed-function oxygenases, oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage measured in lesser scaup wintering on the Indiana Harbor Canal","docAbstract":"<p>During the winter of 1993-1994, male lesser scaup (<i>Aythya alfinis</i>) were collected on the heavily polluted Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, Indiana, and examined for several bioindicators of chemical exposure. Livers were analyzed for activities of three cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases and four measures of oxidative stress. Blood and spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry for chromosomal damage. In a concurrent study, scaup tissues were analyzed for organic and inorganic contaminants. Ethoxyresomfm-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity in livers of scaup collected in January 1994 was significantly higher than in livers of scaup collected in March 1994 or in livers of reference birds. Three hepatic monooxygenase activities were each significantly correlated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in scaup carcasses. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) activity in scaup livers was positively correlated with iron, boron, and lead concentrations in livers and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in carcasses. TBA activity was negatively correlated with protein-bound thiol activity and mercury concentrations in livers. The coefficient of variation of DNA content in scaup blood cells was correlated with PAH concentrations in scaup carcasses. This is the first field study with birds to demonstrate a correlation between liver monooxygenase activity and carcass PAH concentrations and to show a direct correlation between PAH concentrations in tissues and somatic chromosomal damage in blood.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449910068","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Custer, C.M., Hines, R.K., Sparks, D.W., Melancon, M.J., Hoffman, D.J., Bickham, J., and Wickliffe, J., 2000, Mixed-function oxygenases, oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage measured in lesser scaup wintering on the Indiana Harbor Canal: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 38, no. 4, p. 522-529, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449910068.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"529","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"East Chicago","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Harbor Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.47194290161133,\n              41.64726212881368\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47082710266113,\n              41.64617179063613\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.46662139892578,\n              41.64886553378951\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.46533393859863,\n              41.64796763191941\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.46344566345215,\n              41.64886553378951\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.46370315551758,\n              41.65091783392825\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.44215965270996,\n              41.66547446105099\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.43846893310547,\n              41.66278141246732\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.43280410766602,\n              41.66752623198858\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.43606567382812,\n              41.67265537326585\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.43821144104004,\n              41.680348318915975\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.42576599121094,\n              41.68945045006041\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.44997024536133,\n              41.68451494720322\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.44791030883789,\n              41.68291242979089\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.44585037231445,\n              41.67816874433983\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4434471130371,\n              41.672398925907906\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.44396209716797,\n              41.66791093176007\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47288703918457,\n              41.64803176818231\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47194290161133,\n              41.64726212881368\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sparks, D. W.","contributorId":99926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bickham, J. W.","contributorId":87483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickham","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wickliffe, J.K.","contributorId":69093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickliffe","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":5223902,"text":"5223902 - 2000 - Effects of the mosquito larvicides temephos and methoprene on insect populations in experimental ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T17:10:22.037268","indexId":"5223902","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the mosquito larvicides temephos and methoprene on insect populations in experimental ponds","docAbstract":"<p><span>The nontarget effects of Abate® 4E (44.6% temephos) at 0.054 kg of active ingredient (a.i.) per 1 ha and of Altosid® Liquid Larvicide (5% methoprene) at 0.011 kg a.i./ha were investigated in 18 experimental ponds (average area, 202 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>; maximum depth, 0.7 m) at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA. Ponds were sprayed three times at 3-week intervals. Six ponds were sprayed with Abate, six with Altosid, and six with distilled water. Two insect-emergence traps per pond collected for 7 d and were then harvested 1 d before each spray and 13 to 14 days afterward. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant reductions in Shannon diversity, equitability, and numbers of individuals, species, and families in the Abate ponds relative to controls. Significant reductions also occurred in Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Diptera, Chironomidae, and&nbsp;</span><i>Chaoborus</i><span>&nbsp;sp. Hester-Dendy samplers were installed before spray one and harvested 16 d after spray three. Based on one-way ANOVA, Shannon diversity, equitability, and number of Ephemeroptera and Chironomidae were significantly reduced in the Abate ponds. Emergence data indicate only isolated cases with significant reductions in the Altosid ponds relative to controls, and the Hester-Dendy data indicate no significant differences between the Altosid and control ponds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190320","usgsCitation":"Pinkney, A., McGowan, P.C., Murphy, D., Lowe, T., Sparling, D.W., and Ferrington, L., 2000, Effects of the mosquito larvicides temephos and methoprene on insect populations in experimental ponds: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 3, p. 678-684, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190320.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"678","endPage":"684","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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C.","contributorId":67191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, D.R.","contributorId":48677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowe, T. P.","contributorId":26028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"T. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferrington, L.C.","contributorId":87260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrington","given":"L.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223917,"text":"5223917 - 2000 - Plant phenology in a cloud forest on the island of Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T16:12:46.349797","indexId":"5223917","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1045,"text":"Biotropica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant phenology in a cloud forest on the island of Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>We recorded the times of flowering, fruiting, and leafing for ten native canopy and subcanopy trees and shrubs (monthly from December 1994 through December 1997) in a montane cloud forest with relatively aseasonal rainfall on the island of Maui, Hawaii. These species represented the great majority of individual woody plants at the site. Flowers and fruits were available in the community year–round; however, all species exhibited annual patterns of flowering, and four species showed annual patterns of fruiting while the rest fruited in supra–annual patterns. Many species had protracted flowering or fruiting peaks, and some bore small numbers of flowers or fruit year-round. Most species flowered in a monthly peak mainly between May and August, corresponding to the period of greatest solar irradiance and marginally higher temperatures. Fruit ripening followed at varying intervals. In contrast, the heaviest flowering occurred between November and March, resulting from bloom of the dominant tree,&nbsp;</span><i>Metrosideros polymorpha.</i><span>&nbsp;At the highest elevations,&nbsp;</span><i>Metrosideros</i><span>&nbsp;flowering was heaviest during September, but peak flowering of lower elevation trees occurred in late fall and winter. Two forms of this species differed in their temporal and spatial patterns of flowering. For&nbsp;</span><i>M. polymorpha</i><span>&nbsp;var.&nbsp;</span><i>polymorpha</i><span>&nbsp;and var.&nbsp;</span><i>incana</i><span>, bloom peaked annually between November and January; however, for&nbsp;</span><i>M. polymorpha</i><span>&nbsp;var.&nbsp;</span><i>glaberrima</i><span>, flowering peaked from April through July, with an earlier secondary peak in January.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00451.x","usgsCitation":"Berlin, K.E., Pratt, T., Simon, J.C., Kowalsky, J.R., and Hatfield, J., 2000, Plant phenology in a cloud forest on the island of Maui, Hawaii: Biotropica, v. 32, no. 1, p. 90-99, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00451.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.2928771972656,\n              20.577510387425598\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.19674682617188,\n              20.626358087378694\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.17202758789062,\n              20.617361003397736\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.12533569335938,\n              20.61993165306969\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.104736328125,\n              20.6379249854131\n            ],\n            [\n              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E.","contributorId":70522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simon, John C.","contributorId":71673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kowalsky, James R.","contributorId":54707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalsky","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223893,"text":"5223893 - 2000 - Nest box use and productivity of great crested flycatchers in prescribed-burned longleaf pine forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223893","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest box use and productivity of great crested flycatchers in prescribed-burned longleaf pine forests","docAbstract":"Managing for the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) on federal lands requires burning large tracts of mature pine forests every 3-5 yr.  Many cavity trees that serve as potential nest sites for primary and secondary hole-nesting birds are destroyed by fire.  We assessed the efficacy of a nest box program for the Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) at Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge, an area intensively managed for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers.  During 1996-1998, we installed and monitored 330 (30 in each of 11 sites) nest boxes in mature (>60 yr) longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) tracts that were burned either in April-June (warm season) or December-March (cool season).  Prescribed-burned sites were nearly devoid of snags; we estimated only 0.8/ ha in cool-season burns and 1.7/ha in warm-season burns.  Great Crested Flycatchers built nests in 20% of the boxes available to them.  Clutch sizes were larger in warm-season burns than in cool-season burns, but fledging success (fledglings/nest hatching -1 egg) was lower.  Twenty-two of 59 Great Crested Flycatcher nests were depredated and the proportions in each burn class were similar.  We recommend the installation of nest boxes for Great Crested Flycatchers in prescribed-burned pine forests, but additional research is needed in these habitats on nest depredation rates and causes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5441_White.pdf","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., and Seginak, J., 2000, Nest box use and productivity of great crested flycatchers in prescribed-burned longleaf pine forests: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 71, no. 1, p. 147-152.","productDescription":"147-152","startPage":"147","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17062,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1648%2F0273-8570%282000%29071%5B0147%3ANBUAPO%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6860e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seginak, J.T.","contributorId":100783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seginak","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223898,"text":"5223898 - 2000 - Survival of American black ducks radiomarked in Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T16:48:00.225828","indexId":"5223898","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of American black ducks radiomarked in Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>We monitored survival of 397 radiomarked juvenile American black ducks (Anas rubripes) distributed among Les Escoumins (<i>n</i> = 75) and Kamouraska, Quebec (<i>n</i> = 84), Amherst Point, Nova Scotia (<i>n</i> = 89), and a site on the Vermont-Quebec border (<i>n</i> = 149) during autumn 1990 and 1991. Eighty-six percent (215 of 250) of all confirmed mortalities during the study was from hunting; 72% of marked ducks were shot and retrieved and 14% were shot and unretrieved. We tested for differences in survival in relation to sex, body mass, year (1990-91, 1991-92), and among the 4 locations for each of 2 monitoring periods (early, EMP; late, LMP). With data from the EMP for Vermont-Quebec in 1990 and 1991, Les Escoumins in 1990, and Amherst Point in 1991, survival of hatching-year (HY) males and females did not differ (<i>P</i> = 0.357). For sexes combined for the EMP, survival of ducks was greater in 1991 than 1990 (<i>P</i> = 0.086), and differed among locations (<i>P</i> = 0.013). Survival (years combined) was greater at Amherst Point than at Kamouraska (<i>P</i> = 0.003) and Vermont-Quebec (<i>P</i> = 0.002) during the EMP. The highest survival rate at Amherst Point (0.545 <span>±</span> 0.056 [SE]) was associated with the latest date (8 Oct) of season opening; the lowest survival rate (0.395 <span>±</span> 0.043) was at the Vermont-Quebec border, where hunter numbers and activity were greatest. For the LMP, no interaction between years and locations was detected (<i>P</i> = 0.942), and no differences in survival existed between years (<i>P</i> = 0.102) and among locations (<i>P</i> = 0.349). No association was detected between body mass at capture and survival of combined males and females during the EMP (<i>P</i> = 0.572) or during the LMP (<i>P</i> = 0.965). When we censored hunting losses for combined years for each period, EMP or LMP, all survival estimates exceeded 0.800 (0.809-0.965). These data emphasize need for an improved harvest strategy for American black ducks in North America to allow for increases in breeding populations to achieve population goals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802996","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., McAuley, D., Clugston, D., Bunck, C., Giroux, J., Ouellet, C., Parker, G., Dupuis, P., Stotts, D.B., and Goldsberry, J., 2000, Survival of American black ducks radiomarked in Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Vermont: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 238-252, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802996.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"238","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Nova Scotia, Quebec, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clugston, D.A.","contributorId":19657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clugston","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giroux, J.-F.","contributorId":98848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giroux","given":"J.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ouellet, C.","contributorId":44264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouellet","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parker, G.R.","contributorId":17736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dupuis, P.","contributorId":49482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupuis","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stotts, Daniel B.","contributorId":90003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotts","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Goldsberry, J.R.","contributorId":33013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsberry","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":5223900,"text":"5223900 - 2000 - A radio transmitter attachment technique for soras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T16:46:54","indexId":"5223900","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A radio transmitter attachment technique for soras","docAbstract":"<p><span>We modified a figure-8 leg-loop harness designed for small passerines to attach successfully 1.8-g radio transmitters over the synsacrum of migrant Soras (</span><i>Porzana carolina</i><span>). Because of the short caudal region of Soras, addition of a waist loop was critical to securing the transmitter while leg loops were maintained to center the package. Thin gauge (0.6-mm diameter) elastic thread proved ideal for transmitter attachment and allowed for freedom of movement and girth expansion associated with fattening during a 6–10-wk stopover. Of 110 Soras radio tagged during three field seasons, only a single mortality was observed and only a single bird lost its transmitter. Migration from the study area was confirmed for 76 (69%) and suspected for another 25 birds (total 92%).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-71.1.135","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., and Kearns, G.D., 2000, A radio transmitter attachment technique for soras: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 71, no. 1, p. 135-139, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-71.1.135.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"139","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8730","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G. Michael mharamis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G. Michael","email":"mharamis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kearns, Gregory D.","contributorId":28331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kearns","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223915,"text":"5223915 - 2000 - Contaminant exposure and effects: Terrestrial vertebrates database: Trends and data gaps for Atlantic Coast estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T17:06:01.529688","indexId":"5223915","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant exposure and effects: Terrestrial vertebrates database: Trends and data gaps for Atlantic Coast estuaries","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to examine the condition of biota in Atlantic coast estuaries, \"Contaminant Exposure and Effects—Terrestrial Vertebrates\" database (CEE-TV) has been compiled through computerized search of published literature, review of existing databases, and solicitation of unpublished reports from conservation agencies, private groups, and universities. Summary information has been entered into the database, including species, collection date (1965–present), site coordinates, estuary name, hydrologic unit code, sample matrix, contaminant concentrations, biomarker and bioindicator responses, and reference source, utilizing a 98-field character and numeric format. Currently, the CEE-TV database contains 3699 geo-referenced records representing 190 vertebrate species and &gt;140,000 individuals residing in estuaries from Maine through Florida. This relational database can be directly queried or imported into a Geographic Information System to examine spatial patterns, identify data gaps and areas of concern, generate hypotheses, and focus ecotoxicological field assessments. Information on birds made up the vast majority (83%) of the database, with only a modicum of data on amphibians (&lt;0.1%). Of the &gt;75,000 chemical compounds in commerce, only 118 commonly measured environmental contaminants were quantified in tissues of terrestrial vertebrates. There were no CEE-TV data records in 15 of the 67 estuaries located along the Atlantic coast and Florida Gulf coast. The CEE-TV database has a number of potential applications including focusing biomonitoring efforts to generate critically needed ecotoxicological data in the numerous \"gaps\" along the coast, reducing uncertainty about contaminant risk, identifying areas for mitigation, restoration or special management, and ranking ecological conditions of estuaries.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1006458811235","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., Pearson, J., Golden, N.H., Cohen, J., Erwin, R., and Ottinger, M.A., 2000, Contaminant exposure and effects: Terrestrial vertebrates database: Trends and data gaps for Atlantic Coast estuaries: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 63, no. 1, p. 131-142, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006458811235.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"142","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696fc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson, J.L.","contributorId":14542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golden, N. H.","contributorId":55541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cohen, J.B.","contributorId":29914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223901,"text":"5223901 - 2000 - Capturing American black ducks in tidal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223901","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capturing American black ducks in tidal waters","docAbstract":"We modified conventional, funnel-entrance dabbling duck bait traps to increase captures for banding of American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) in tidal saltmarsh habitats of Smith Island, Maryland, one of the few remaining strongholds for breeding Black Ducks in the Chesapeake Bay.  Traps and trapping techniques were adapted to tidal creeks and refined to improve capture rate, reduce mortality, and minimize interference by gulls.  Best results were achieved by synchronizing trapping with predawn, low-tide foraging patterns of Black Ducks.  Trap entrances were critical to retaining ducks, and use of loafing platforms reduced overall mortality to 3% of captures per year.  We captured 3071 Black Ducks during the 14-year period, 1984-199","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5436_Harrison.pdf","usgsCitation":"Harrison, M., Haramis, G., Jorde, D., and Stotts, D.B., 2000, Capturing American black ducks in tidal waters: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 71, no. 1, p. 153-158.","productDescription":"153-158","startPage":"153","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17058,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1648%2F0273-8570%282000%29071%5B0153%3ACABDIT%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5f27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, M.K. Sr.","contributorId":44268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"M.K.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jorde, Dennis G. djorde@usgs.gov","contributorId":12804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorde","given":"Dennis G.","email":"djorde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stotts, Daniel B.","contributorId":90003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotts","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223885,"text":"5223885 - 2000 - Annual survival and site fidelity of Stellar's Eiders molting along the Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T20:54:52.451613","indexId":"5223885","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:38","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual survival and site fidelity of Stellar's Eiders molting along the Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"<p>Populations of Steller's eiders (<i>Polysticta stelleri</i>) molting and wintering along the Alaska Peninsula have declined since the 1960's. We captured and marked a large sample of Steller's eiders molting in 2 lagoons along the Alaska Peninsula between 1975-97. We used mark-recapture analysis techniques to estimate annual survival and movement probabilities within and among lagoons for male and female eiders. Estimates of annual survival (±SE) were 0.899 ± 0.032 for females and 0.765 ± 0.044 for males. Both sexes showed high rates of fidelity to specific molting locations (&gt;95%) within lagoons; yet we found no evidence that annual probability of survival differed among groups molting in different locations either within or among lagoons. We found weak evidence that annual survival decreased between the periods 1975-81 and 1991-97. The lower survival of males compared to females is unusual for waterfowl and may result in a female-biased sex ratio. We conclude that a decrease in adult survival may have initiated the long-term population decline. Further, a shortage of males may be limiting reproductive potential.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802998","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Petersen, M.R., Dau, C.P., Hines, J., and Nichols, J.D., 2000, Annual survival and site fidelity of Stellar's Eiders molting along the Alaska Peninsula: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 261-268, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802998.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.75390624999997,\n              59.77852198502987\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.10449218749997,\n              59.085738569819505\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.00537109375,\n              57.77451753559619\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.4765625,\n              55.16631894125083\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.125,\n              54.41892996865827\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.08203125,\n              55.665193184436035\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.14892578125,\n              57.71588512774503\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.17138671875,\n              58.847858685739176\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.75390624999997,\n              59.77852198502987\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dau, Christian P.","contributorId":26185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dau","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223887,"text":"5223887 - 2000 - Predators as prey at a Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos eyrie in Mongolia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T18:53:43.665985","indexId":"5223887","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:38","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Predators as prey at a Golden Eagle <i>Aquila chrysaetos</i> eyrie in Mongolia","title":"Predators as prey at a Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos eyrie in Mongolia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb07694.x","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Tsengeg, P., Whitlock, P., and Ellis, M.H., 2000, Predators as prey at a Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos eyrie in Mongolia: Ibis, v. 142, no. 1, p. 139-141, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb07694.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"141","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              112.00286865234375,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              112.06054687499999,\n              45.09097463835656\n            ],\n            [\n              112.10174560546875,\n              45.06770141120143\n            ],\n            [\n              112.38189697265625,\n              45.059941562221226\n            ],\n            [\n              112.41485595703125,\n              45.07352060670971\n            ],\n            [\n              112.53021240234375,\n              44.99782485158904\n            ],\n            [\n              112.9998779296875,\n              44.99782485158904\n            ],\n            [\n              112.9998779296875,\n              46.0007775685566\n            ],\n            [\n              112.0001220703125,\n              46.0007775685566\n            ],\n            [\n              112.00286865234375,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"142","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsengeg, Pu","contributorId":14909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsengeg","given":"Pu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitlock, P.","contributorId":39493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis, Merlin H.","contributorId":17326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellis","given":"Merlin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223967,"text":"5223967 - 2000 - Use of lice to identify cowbird hosts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T15:33:28","indexId":"5223967","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of lice to identify cowbird hosts","docAbstract":"<p>The host specificity of avian lice (<i>Phthiraptera</i>) may be utilized by biologists to investigate the brood parasitism patterns of Brown-headed Cowbirds (<i>Molothrus ater</i>). As nestlings, brood parasites have a unique opportunity to encounter lice that are typically host specific. Lice are permanent hemimetabolic ectoparasites, a group found strictly on the body of the host, and they are transferred almost exclusively by bodily contact between hosts during care of young and at copulation. We investigated whether cowbird nestlings become infested with avian lice from their host parents and carry these lice away when they fledge, in effect bearing ectoparasite indicators of the species that raised them. The technique of examining the lice on cowbird fledglings to identify their foster parents would be much less costly than hiring a team of experts to determine parasitism patterns in the conventional way by finding hundreds of songbird nests. We examined 244 cowbird fledglings and found that they carried a rich fauna of lice representing 11 species and six genera, almost the entire spectrum of louse genera known to occur on passerines. We also examined 320 songbirds from 30 species, all known hosts of the Brown-headed Cowbird. As a group the host birds bore a diversity of louse species comparable to that on the fledgling cowbirds: 13 species of lice from seven genera. In contrast, most individual passerine host species yielded only 1 or 2 louse species, significantly fewer than the cowbird fledglings (p &lt; 0.0001). Of 44 fledgling cowbirds carrying lice, 11 were linked to their probable avian foster parents via louse indicators, and these are the Wood Thrush and Red-winged Blackbird. Eighteen additional fledglings were linked to one of two possible foster parents. We concluded that cowbird fledglings do carry away host lice and this survey technique provides a partial assessment of local community parasitism patterns. The incomplete state of passerine louse taxonomy requires anyone using this technique to de-louse both cowbird fledglings and local host species in order to have a reference collection of lice. Lice from cowbird fledglings can be identified by a skilled taxonomist and linked to particular host species, and the principal difficulty is the scarcity of skilled avian louse taxonomists. We also found an unusually rich louse fauna on 219 adult cowbirds, which supports the interpretation that lack of opportunity due to physical isolation has been the fundamental factor in the host specificity of lice observed in certain avian orders.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0943:UOLTIC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hahn, D., Price, R., and Osenton, P., 2000, Use of lice to identify cowbird hosts: The Auk, v. 117, no. 4, p. 943-951, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0943:UOLTIC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"943-951","startPage":"943","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0943:uoltic]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":200261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa62a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, R.D.","contributorId":32647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osenton, P.C.","contributorId":20441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osenton","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223881,"text":"5223881 - 2000 - Simultaneous use of mark-recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate survival, movement, and capture rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T17:06:34.137781","indexId":"5223881","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simultaneous use of mark-recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate survival, movement, and capture rates","docAbstract":"<p>Biologists often estimate separate survival and movement rates from radio-telemetry and mark-recapture data from the same study population. We describe a method for combining these data types in a single model to obtain joint, potentially less biased estimates of survival and movement that use all available data. We furnish an example using wood thrushes (<i>Hylocichla mustelina</i>) captured at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge in central Georgia in 1996. The model structure allows estimation of survival and capture probabilities, as well as estimation of movements away from and into the study area. In addition, the model structure provides many possibilities for hypothesis testing. Using the combined model structure, we estimated that wood thrush weekly survival was 0.989 <span>±</span> 0.007 (<span>±</span>SE). Survival rates of banded and radio-marked individuals were not different (<span>α</span>[<i>S<sub>radioed</sub></i>, <i>S<sub>banded</sub>]</i>=log[<i>S<sub>radioed</sub></i>/<i>S<sub>banded</sub></i>]=0.0239 <span>±</span> 0.0435). Fidelity rates (weekly probability of remaining in a stratum) did not differ between geographic strata (<span>Ψ </span>= 0.911 <span>±</span> 0.020; <span>α</span> [<span>Ψ</span><sup>11</sup>, <span>Ψ</span><sup>22</sup>]=0.0161 <span>±</span> 0.047), and recapture rates (<i>p</i> = 0.097 <span>±</span> 0.016) banded and radio-marked individuals were not different (<span>α</span>[<i>P<sub>radioed</sub></i>, <i>P<sub>banded</sub></i>]=0.145 <span>±</span> 0.655). Combining these data types in a common model resulted in more precise estimates of movement and recapture rates than separate estimation, but ability to detect stratum or mark-specific differences in parameters was week. We conducted simulation trials to investigate the effects of varying study designs on parameter accuracy and statistical power to detect important differences. Parameter accuracy was high (relative bias [RBIAS] &lt;2 %) and confidence interval coverage close to nominal, except for survival estimates of banded birds for the 'off study area' stratum, which were negatively biased (RBIAS -7 to -15%) when sample sizes were small (5-10 banded or radioed animals 'released' per time interval). To provide adequate data for useful inference from this model, study designs should seek a minimum of 25 animals of each marking type observed (marked or observed via telemetry) in each time period and geographic stratum.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803003","usgsCitation":"Powell, L., Conroy, M., Hines, J., Nichols, J., and Krementz, D., 2000, Simultaneous use of mark-recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate survival, movement, and capture rates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 302-313, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f18c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223875,"text":"5223875 - 2000 - Effects of contaminants in dredge material from the Lower Savannah River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T14:49:23","indexId":"5223875","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of contaminants in dredge material from the Lower Savannah River","docAbstract":"<p>Contaminants entering aquatic systems from agricultural, industrial, and municipal activities are generally sequestered in bottom sediments. The environmental significance of contaminants associated with sediments dredged from Savannah Harbor, Georgia, USA, are unknown. To evaluate potential effects of contaminants in river sediments and sediments dredged and stored in upland disposal areas on fish and wildlife species, solid-phase sediment and sediment pore water from Front River, Back River, an unnamed Tidal Creek on Back River, and Middle River of the distributary system of the lower Savannah River were tested for toxicity using the freshwater amphipod <i>Hyalella azteca</i>. In addition, bioaccumulation of metals from sediments collected from two dredge-disposal areas was determined using the freshwater oligochaete <i>Lumbriculus variegatus</i>. Livers from green-winged teals (<i>Anas crecca</i>) and lesser yellowlegs (<i>Tringa flavipes</i>) foraging in the dredge-spoil areas and raccoons (<i>Procyon lotor</i>) from the dredge-disposal/river area and an upland site were collected for metal analyses. Survival of <i>H. azteca</i> was not reduced in solid-phase sediment exposures, but was reduced in pore water from several locations receiving drainage from dredge-disposal areas. Basic water chemistry (ammonia, alkalinity, salinity) was responsible for the reduced survival at several sites, but PAHs, metals, and other unidentified factors were responsible at other sites. Metal residues in sediments from the Tidal Creek and Middle River reflected drainage or seepage from adjacent dredge-disposal areas, which could potentially reduce habitat quality in these areas. Trace metals increased in <i>L. variegatus</i> exposed in the laboratory to dredge-disposal sediments; As, Cu, Hg, Se, and Zn bioaccumulated to concentrations higher than those in the sediments. Certain metals (Cd, Hg, Mo, Se) were higher in livers of birds and raccoons than those in dredge-spoil sediments suggesting bioavailability. Cadmium, Ct, Hg, Pb, and Se in livers from raccoons collected near the river and dredge-disposal areas were significantly higher than those of raccoons from the upland control site. Evidence of bioaccumulation from laboratory and field evaluations and concentrations in sediments from dredge-disposal areas and river channels demonstrated that some metals in the dredge-disposal areas are mobile and biologically available. Drainage from dredge-disposal areas may be impacting habitat quality in the river, and fish and wildlife that feed and nest in the disposal area pm the lower Savannah River may be at risk from metal contamination.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449910016","usgsCitation":"Winger, P.V., Lasier, P., White, D.H., and Seginak, J., 2000, Effects of contaminants in dredge material from the Lower Savannah River: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 128-136, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449910016.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","city":"Savannah, GA","otherGeospatial":"Lower Savannah River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.837158203125,\n              31.66039512307388\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.837158203125,\n              32.701799942559\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57922363281249,\n              32.701799942559\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57922363281249,\n              31.66039512307388\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.837158203125,\n              31.66039512307388\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db61600d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasier, P. J.","contributorId":79201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seginak, J.T.","contributorId":100783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seginak","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224168,"text":"5224168 - 2000 - Impacts of toxic thresholds of sediment-associated contaminants to robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum) in the Lower Oconee River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5224168","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of toxic thresholds of sediment-associated contaminants to robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum) in the Lower Oconee River","docAbstract":"The robust redhorse is a ?Species-at-Risk? in the lower Oconee River, GA.  The population is composed of aging adults with little natural recruitment.  Factors contributing to the loss of early-life stages are unknown, but contaminants associated with fine sediments may play a role.  The objectives of this study were to determine toxicities of sediments and pore waters from the Oconee River to early-life stages of robust redhorse and to establish toxic thresholds of metals  (Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn) and ammonia, elements potentially threatening this species.  Depositional sediments were collected from the only known spawning site and three sites downstream of major tributaries.  Sediment pore waters were extracted in the laboratory from all sites and in situ at two sites.  Toxicity tests with sediments, pore waters and metal solutions were initiated with eggs, yolk-sac fry and swim-up fry to determine effects on the life stage initially exposed as well as effects manifested in later developmental stages.  Survival and growth were test endpoints, and toxicity was observed in both sediments and pore waters.  Although the yolk- sac stage was the most sensitive across all tests, sediment toxicity was elicited only in tests initiated with eggs that developed through the yolk-sac stage.  Toxicity appeared to be due to Mn in sediment and pore water exposures, but was more prevalent in pore waters.  Sediment handling and the associated effects on redox potential contributed to the elevated concentrations of Mn in pore waters.  Pore waters extracted in situ had significantly less Mn and were less toxic than laboratory-extracted pore waters.  These data suggest that sediment-associated Mn may impact early-life stages of robust redhorse in the Oconee River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century:  Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Lasier, P., Winger, P., Bogenrieder, K., and Shelton, J., 2000, Impacts of toxic thresholds of sediment-associated contaminants to robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum) in the Lower Oconee River: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","productDescription":"213 (abstract PTP111)","startPage":"213 (abstr","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f8557","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasier, P.","contributorId":42331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winger, P.","contributorId":91598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogenrieder, K.","contributorId":90432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogenrieder","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shelton, J. Jr.","contributorId":17346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224164,"text":"5224164 - 2000 - Evaluation of the immunological and hematological effects of chronic exposure of adult Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at concentrations equivalent to those at contaminated sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5224164","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the immunological and hematological effects of chronic exposure of adult Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at concentrations equivalent to those at contaminated sites","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls are known to cause adverse health effects to biological systems; however, limited data is available on their effects on the immune system of wild species. Previous work by our lab found that 4 and 6-week old white-footed mice (Perornyscus leucopus) born from dams injected with a single dose (300 mg/kg) of Aroclor 1254, had altered immunological, hematological, and biochemical responses. The present study examines various immunological parameters of 22-week old white footed mice born from dams chronically exposed to Aroclor 1254 at concentrations equivalent to those at contaminated sites. Females were fed diets containing either Aroclor 1254 in corn oil or corn off only, for 3 months, then bred; pups were maintained on the same diets as their mothers. At 22 weeks of age, 31 of the young Peromyscus were analyzed. Body and organ weights were taken and immune function was evaluated by assessing blood profiles, cellularity of thymus and spleen, antibody response to the antigen DNP-KLH, and the in vitro proliferative response to the T-cell mitogen Conconavalin A (Con A). Liver weights and liver to body weight ratios in the treated mice were significantly higher compared to controls, while the combined weights of the adrenal glands were significantly lower. In addition, the number of thymocytes in the treated mice was significantly lower than that of the controls; however, thymocytes of treated mice had a higher degree of proliferation to Con A. Taken together, these results and those obtained from our previous study, indicate that monitoring of vulnerable immunological parameters in white-footed mice may be a useful indicator of exposure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century:  Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Arena, S., Segre, M., and French, J., 2000, Evaluation of the immunological and hematological effects of chronic exposure of adult Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at concentrations equivalent to those at contaminated sites: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","productDescription":"232 (abstract PWA066)","startPage":"232 (abstr","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa2bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arena, S.R.","contributorId":90431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arena","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segre, M.","contributorId":49483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segre","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"French, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":23252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224106,"text":"5224106 - 2000 - Energetic dose:  Beyond fire and flint?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224106","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energetic dose:  Beyond fire and flint?","docAbstract":"Nutritional and bioenergetic interactions influence exposure to environmental chemicals and may affect the risk realized when wildlife are exposed in the field. Here, food-chain analysis focuses on prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and the evaluation of chemical risks associated with paraquat following 10-d dietary exposures. Reproductive effects were measured in 60-d trials that followed exposures to paraquat-tainted feed: control (untainted feed); 21 mg paraquat/kg feed; 63 mg paraquat/kg feed; and feed-restricted control (untainted feed restricted to 60% baseline consumption). Reproductive success was evaluated in control and treated breeding pairs, and a preliminary bioenergetics analysis was completed in parallel to derive exposure dose. Although reproductive performance differed among groups, feed-restriction appeared to be the dominant treatment effect observed in these 10-d feeding exposure/limited reproductive trials. Exposure dose ranged from 3.70-3.76 to 9.41-11.51 mg parquat/kg BW/day at 21 and 63 mg paraquat/kg feed stock exposures, respectively. Energetic doses as ug paraquat/kcal yielded preliminary estimates of energetic costs associated with paraquat exposure, and were similar within treatments for both sexes, ranging from 4.2-5.5 and 13.1-15.0 ug paraquat/kcal for voles exposed to 21 mg/kg feed stock and 63 mg/kg feed stock, respectively. Given the increasing likelihood that environmental chemicals will be found in wildlife habitat at 'acceptable levels', the critical role that wildlife nutrition plays in evaluating ecological risks should be fully integrated into the assessment process. Tools applied to the analysis of risk must gain higher resolution than the relatively crude methods we currently bring to the process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century:  Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Linder, G., Rattner, B., and Cohen, J., 2000, Energetic dose:  Beyond fire and flint?: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","productDescription":"24 (abstract no. 092)","startPage":"24 (abstra","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fab9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linder, G.","contributorId":43070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, B.","contributorId":51416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohen, J.","contributorId":103389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223956,"text":"5223956 - 2000 - Ecotoxicology of wild mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223956","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecotoxicology of wild mammals","docAbstract":"An international group of 32 scientists has critically reviewed the scientific literature on exposure and effects of environmental contaminants in wild mammals. Although the absolute number of toxicological studies in domesticated and wild mammals eclipses that for birds, a detailed examination of scientific publications and databases reveal that information for 'wild' birds is actually greater than that for 'wild' mammals. Of the various taxa of mammals, ecotoxicological data is most noticeably lacking for marsupials and monotremes. In contrast, rodents (comprising 43% of all mammal species) have been studied extensively, despite evidence of their tolerance to some organochlorine compounds, rodenticides, and even radionuclides. Mammalian species at greatest risk of exposure include those that consume a high percentage of their body weight on a daily basis (e.g., shrews, moles and bats). Aquatic mammals tend to bioaccumulate tremendous burdens of lipophilic contaminants, although storage in their fat depots may actually limit toxicity. Carnivores appear to be more sensitive to adverse effects of environmental contaminants than herbivores. Remarkably few of the thousands of compounds manufactured worldwide have been toxicologically evaluated in wild mammals, and concentrations of even fewer have been monitored in tissues. Overarching research needs include: development of new exposure/effects models and better methods for estimation of species sensitivities; generation of comparative data on contaminant bioavailability, sublethal responses and detoxication mechanisms; enhanced understanding of pesticide, industrial contaminant and metal interactions; identification of endocrine disruptive contaminants and their overall ecological significance; and finally, estimating the relative contribution of environmental contamination as a factor affecting wild mammal populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century:  Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., and Shore, R., 2000, Ecotoxicology of wild mammals: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","productDescription":"43 (abstract no. 181)","startPage":"43 (abstra","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6258ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shore, R.F.","contributorId":70899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shore","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}