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To determine habitat selection by male woodcock, the following habitat characteristics were measured: land cover, age and stocking density of the forest overstory, soil drainage and texture, aspect, and percent slope. Habitat selection was examined as affected by the covariates weather and age-class of woodcock, and among years for diurnal and crepuscular periods of the breeding period. Multivariate techniques that compare use and availability of habitats were not available, so a statistical model was developed to rate importance of multiple habitat characteristics selected by woodcock. The most critical period for woodcock in terms of survival was from arrival to: mid-April. Second-year and after-second-year woodcock did not select different (P > 0.05) habitat types, but they did select different types among years and within breeding intervals (P < 0.05). In years when weather was moderate, woodcock selected young, dense stands of speckled alder (Alnus rugosa) and hardwoods, interspersed with forest openings. Suitable habitat can be maintained by creating an uneven-aged forest managed in even-aged blocks composed of several hardwood species. Managers can now quantify suitable woodcock habitat in a GIS and plan large-scale forest-harvesting strategies using data on several habitat characteristics (e.g., land cover, stand age, stocking density, soil drainage and texture, and aspect).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","collaboration":" PDF on file: see 5684_McAuley.pdf 8.8 MB","usgsCitation":"Sprankle, K., Sepik, G., McAuley, D., and Longcore, J.R., 2000, Assessing habitat selection in Spring by male American Woodcock in Maine with a geographic information system, chap. of Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium.","productDescription":"viii, 117","startPage":"117 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a83","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G. dmcauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":507618,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruggink, John G.","contributorId":34990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggink","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507619,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507620,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Sprankle, K.E.","contributorId":12601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprankle","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211101,"text":"5211101 - 2000 - Survival of female American Woodcock breeding in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5211101","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Survival of female American Woodcock breeding in Maine","docAbstract":"During 1986-1989, 89 female American woodcock (Scolopax minor) included in this study were radio-marked and survival estimated for the period 1 Aprii-15 June. Eleven woodcock died: five (45%) were killed by mammals, two (18%) by unknown predators, and one (9%) by a raptor; two (18%) died from entanglement in the transmitter harness; and 1 (9%) collided with a vehicle. Survival varied among years from 0.700 (1986) to 0.900 (1989) with a 4-year mean (95% CI) of 0.826. Survival did not differ between age classes (P = 0.900), or among years (P > 0.14), except for higher (P = 0.025) survival (0.875) in 1987 than in 1988 (0.735). A composite survival estimate--based on telemetry studies for the breeding, post-breeding, and winter periods-- was 0.363 for immatures and 0.474 for adults. Mean weights were not different between second year and after second year age classes (P = 0.167), but weight was related to woodcock capture date (P = 0.001). Survival for female woodcock was not related to mean snow depth or to mean, minimum temperature in winter or spring. Habitat use was different between females that died and those that lived, but sample size was small.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","collaboration":" PDF on file: see 5684_McAuley.pdf 8.8 MB","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., McAuley, D., Sepik, G., and Pendleton, G., 2000, Survival of female American Woodcock breeding in Maine, chap. of Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium, p. 65-76.","productDescription":"viii, 117","startPage":"65","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf3b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G. dmcauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":507615,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruggink, John G.","contributorId":34990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggink","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507616,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507617,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211086,"text":"5211086 - 2000 - Studying wildlife at local and landscape scales: Bachman's Sparrows at the Savannah River Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5211086","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Studying wildlife at local and landscape scales: Bachman's Sparrows at the Savannah River Site","docAbstract":"In the late 1980s and early 1990s, mutual research interests between land managers at the Savannah River Site and biologists at the University of Georgia resulted in a landscape-ecology study of the Bachman's Sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis). This species had been declining throughout its range for several decades and was considered a species of management concern by the U.S. Forest Service. The reasons for its decline were obscure, but the distribution of suitable habitat across complex landscapes was a possible factor. Thus the species seemed well suited for a pioneer study on landscape influences on avian population dynamics. A cooperative research program developed from these mutual interests, including quantifying the landscape and local habitat patterns shown by the sparrow, spatially explicit modeling of population response to landscape change, and demographic field studies of reproductive success, survivorship and dispersal. These studies are summarized, and the value of the research to both management and research interests is discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"This SAB has a combined Literature Cited section. PDF on file: 5623_Dunning.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dunning, J., Danielson, B., Watts, B., Liu, L., and Krementz, D., 2000, Studying wildlife at local and landscape scales: Bachman's Sparrows at the Savannah River Site, chap. of Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management, p. 75-80.","productDescription":"170","startPage":"75","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"170","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c6c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dunning, John B.= Jr.","contributorId":111902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507589,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgo, John C.","contributorId":112955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgo","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dunning, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":25908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danielson, B.J.","contributorId":13351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, B.D.","contributorId":54703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, L.","contributorId":18481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5211100,"text":"5211100 - 2000 - Sources of variation in survival and recovery rates of American Woodcock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5211100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sources of variation in survival and recovery rates of American Woodcock","docAbstract":"All bandings and recoveries of American woodcock (Scolopax minor) since the last similar investigation of survival and recovery rates were examined for this study. The previous parameter estimates from the Eastern Region were augmented with 4 years of bandings. Banding effort in the Central Region was sufficient to conduct analyses for the 5 years after the previous analyses. Females generally had higher survival rates than males but recovery rates were not different. Adults had higher survival rates and lower recovery rates than young. Recovery rates, but not survival rates, were variable over time. Survival rates of woodcock from the Eastern Region were lower and recovery rates were higher compared to the Central Region. The calculated rate of population increase (h) for the Eastern Region (0.89) indicates that survival rates will need to be increased before the current population decline can be reversed. Poor data sets hampered our ability to draw strong conclusions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":" PDF on file: see 5684_McAuley.pdf 8.8 MB","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D., and Bruggink, J., 2000, Sources of variation in survival and recovery rates of American Woodcock, chap. of Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium, p. 55-64.","productDescription":"viii, 117","startPage":"55","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7638","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G. dmcauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":507612,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruggink, John G.","contributorId":34990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggink","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507613,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507614,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruggink, J.G.","contributorId":105023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggink","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211067,"text":"5211067 - 2000 - Releasing captive-reared masked bobwhite for population recovery: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5211067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Releasing captive-reared masked bobwhite for population recovery: A review","docAbstract":"Efforts to re-establish the endangered masked bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) to it's former southern Arizona range have been ongoing since establishment of the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge in 1986. Pre-release conditioning techniques developed prior to Refuge establishment continued to be utilized in an effort to improve post-release survival of captive-reared masked bobwhite chicks. Foremost among these techniques was the use of wild Texas bobwhite (C. v. texanus) males as foster parents which were paired with all broods released on the Refuge. The efficacy of this technique was evaluated using radio telemetry in 1994, and the results indicated that the use of foster Texas males was not as effective as had been presumed because post-release chick survival was poor. Therefore, in 1995 pre-release conditioning protocol were modified in an effort to improve post-release survival. The primary intent of these modifications was to emphasize wild behavior among chicks prior to release. Modifications to established protocol included imprinting chicks to adult bobwhites immediately after eggs hatched and exposing 1-to-2 day old chicks to natural foods (insects and seeds) while they were in brooder units. Foster parents and their respective broods were then placed in flight pens that mimicked the natural conditions that would confront broods upon release. Family groups were held in flight pens for several weeks for acclimatization purposes and then transported to temporary enclosures erected at release sites where they were held for a week and then released. Finally all releases were conducted during fall after covey formation was apparent to ensure that foster parents and released chicks remained with a group of birds. Preliminary results indicated that post-release chick survival was higher than what was observed in 1994. Pre-conditioning research will continue in an effort to further quantify post-release survival of masked bobwhite chicks. Although the results of this research project are preliminary, it is possible that pre-release conditioning techniques developed for masked bobwhites will prove useful to quail reestablishment efforts throughout North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quail IV: proceedings of the Fourth National Quail Symposium, May 6-9, 1997","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Tall Timbers Research Station","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","usgsCitation":"Gall, S., Kuvlesky, W., and Gee, G., 2000, Releasing captive-reared masked bobwhite for population recovery: A review, chap. of Quail IV: proceedings of the Fourth National Quail Symposium, May 6-9, 1997, p. 147-152.","productDescription":"254","startPage":"147","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"254","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6059e8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brennan, L.A.","contributorId":78490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507565,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, W.E.","contributorId":113584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507568,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, L.W. Jr.","contributorId":113538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"L.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507567,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pruden, T.L.","contributorId":112568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruden","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507566,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Gall, S.A.","contributorId":41563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gall","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuvlesky, W.P. Jr.","contributorId":71674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuvlesky","given":"W.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gee, G.","contributorId":64768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211168,"text":"5211168 - 2000 - A new national mosaic of state landcover data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5211168","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A new national mosaic of state landcover data","docAbstract":"This presentation reviewed current landcover mapping efforts and presented a new preliminary, national mosaic of Gap Analysis Program (GAP) and Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC) landcover data with a discussion of techniques, problems faced, and future refinements.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Extended abstracts from BioGeo99: Applications to geospatial technology to biological sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Thomas, I., 2000, A new national mosaic of state landcover data, chap. of Extended abstracts from BioGeo99: Applications to geospatial technology to biological sciences.","productDescription":"viii, 43","startPage":"12 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4804e4b07f02db4cecc3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Handley, Lawrence R. handleyl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handley","given":"Lawrence","email":"handleyl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":507659,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Erchia, Frank J.","contributorId":70834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Erchia","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507661,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charron, Tammy M.","contributorId":17679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charron","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507660,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, I.","contributorId":18484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5211099,"text":"5211099 - 2000 - Habitat management for wintering American Woodcock in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5211099","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Habitat management for wintering American Woodcock in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"Although much information has been gathered on American woodcock (Scolopax minor) wintering east of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, that information has not been compiled into a single source assembled for land managers. The objectives of this paper are to pose a few important questions that should be addressed before implementing a land management plan and to briefly review some of the management options available to managers that are interested in helping woodcock. The primary focus is on timber management because a sound timber management plan, it is believed, will be advantageous to wintering woodcock.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":" PDF on file: see 5684_McAuley.pdf 8.8 MB","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D., 2000, Habitat management for wintering American Woodcock in the southeastern United States, chap. of Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium, p. 50-54.","productDescription":"viii, 117","startPage":"50","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64958e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G. dmcauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":507609,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruggink, John G.","contributorId":34990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggink","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507610,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507611,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5211077,"text":"5211077 - 2000 - Early avian research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: historical highlights and possibilities for the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5211077","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Early avian research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: historical highlights and possibilities for the future","docAbstract":"Avian biology and collection of baseline population data was a major part of the first decade (1951-1961) of field research at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Baseline inventories involving organisms and land-use types were part of the mission in the early contracts between the Atomic Energy Commission (now the Department of Energy) and the University of Georgia prior to the establishment of the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) as a National Environmental Research Park Laboratory. About 27% of the SREL publications during this first decade dealt with birds. Since that time, research on the SRS landscape has expanded and broadened with less than 10% of the publications dealing with birds. SRS changed also from an agriculturally dominated area with ca. 40% open areas (fields, crops, pastures) to a timber-managed area with ca. 80% forests, 12% open areas, and 2% open water impoundments. Baseline breeding bird populations of the SRS in the 1950s were typical for the region with avian species richness and density increasing with the age and succession of the vegetation (0-26 species and densities of 0-741 pairs/km2 for the habitats surveyed). During the first decade at the SRS, the resident game bird population of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) increased and the Mourning Dove (Zenaida rnacroura) population, a migratory upland game bird, remained stable. Current avian research efforts, as well as new opportunities to reexamine the breeding bird populations and the landscape of SRS, will provide a better understanding of the potential causes of declines of neotropical migratory birds, declines of resident and migratory game birds, and how habitat influences invasions and extinctions of breeding birds in the region. Emphasis for future research and monitoring should be on neotropical migratory bird populations in decline (Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus; Eastern Wood-Pewee, Contopus virens; Wood Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina; Prairie Warbler, Dendroica discolor; and Painted Bunting, Passerina ciris), resident species in decline (e.g., Loggerhead Shrike, Lanius ludovicianus), certain species groups (e.g., waterfowl and wading birds), important habitat, and recent invasions and extinctions of breeding species. Old growth forested wetlands should be monitored because of the large number of neotropical migratory birds that depend on this habitat in the southeastern United States. A variety of survey techniques will be needed to determine population trends: line transects, call or song playbacks, roadside point surveys (call counts for game birds), aerial surveys, and presence or absence of species within stratified areas of SRS. The SRS provides opportunity for avian research at the landscape level with the potential to solve problems important to the survival of many bird populations as well as to increase our knowledge on how to manage and conserve our avian natural resources for the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"This SAB has a combined Literature Cited section. PDF on file: 5586_Meyers.pdf","usgsCitation":"Meyers, J., and Odum, E., 2000, Early avian research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: historical highlights and possibilities for the future, chap. of Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management, p. 18-31.","productDescription":"170","startPage":"18","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"170","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c269","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dunning, John B.= Jr.","contributorId":111902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507587,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgo, John C.","contributorId":112955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgo","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507588,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, E.P.","contributorId":43890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211061,"text":"5211061 - 2000 - Group A discussions of endpoint selection, study design, and extrapolation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5211061","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Group A discussions of endpoint selection, study design, and extrapolation","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental contaminants and terrestrial vertebrates: effects on populations, communities, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","collaboration":"OCLC: 43286528. Symposium on Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems (1998 : College Park, Md.)","usgsCitation":"French, J., Bradbury, S., Krueger, H., McGee, E., and Sample, B.E., 2000, Group A discussions of endpoint selection, study design, and extrapolation, chap. of Environmental contaminants and terrestrial vertebrates: effects on populations, communities, and ecosystems, p. 189-201.","productDescription":"344","startPage":"189","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"344","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696202","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507546,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507548,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507547,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"French, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":23252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, S.P.","contributorId":20025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krueger, H.","contributorId":8588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGee, E.","contributorId":74852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sample, Bradley E.","contributorId":61135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5211068,"text":"5211068 - 2000 - Breeding Common Terns in the Greater West Indies: status and conservation priorities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5211068","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Breeding Common Terns in the Greater West Indies: status and conservation priorities","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and conservation of West Indian seabirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Caribbean Ornithology","publisherLocation":"Ruston, LA","collaboration":"OCLC: 44487922","usgsCitation":"Buckley, P.A., and Buckley, F.G., 2000, Breeding Common Terns in the Greater West Indies: status and conservation priorities, chap. of Status and conservation of West Indian seabirds, p. 96-102.","productDescription":"v, 225","startPage":"96","endPage":"102","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8b5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schreiber, E.A.","contributorId":84472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507569,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, David S.","contributorId":111981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507570,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Buckley, P. A.","contributorId":69264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, F. G.","contributorId":73319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211154,"text":"5211154 - 2000 - Series forward","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5211154","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Series forward","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Demography in Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, UK and New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., O’Hare, S., and Rattner, B., 2000, Series forward, chap. of Demography in Ecotoxicology.","productDescription":"xix, 297","startPage":"x","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6cb1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kammenga, Jan","contributorId":113283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammenga","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507652,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laskowski, Ryszard","contributorId":113685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laskowski","given":"Ryszard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507653,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, J.M.","contributorId":45423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Hare, S.","contributorId":54322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Hare","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":330272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211062,"text":"5211062 - 2000 - Group C discussions of endpoint selection, study design, and extrapolation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5211062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Group C discussions of endpoint selection, study design, and extrapolation","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","collaboration":"OCLC: 43286528. Symposium on Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems (1998 : College Park, Md.)","usgsCitation":"Harthill, M., Sparling, D.W., Sullivan, J., and Ohlendorf, H.M., 2000, Group C discussions of endpoint selection, study design, and extrapolation, chap. of Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems, p. 217-223.","productDescription":"xxii, 322","startPage":"217","endPage":"223","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db6589a3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507549,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507551,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507550,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Harthill, M.","contributorId":72907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harthill","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, J.P.","contributorId":49906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211032,"text":"5211032 - 2000 - Limb dysfunction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T13:05:39","indexId":"5211032","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Limb dysfunction","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of Avian Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mosby","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","collaboration":"OCLC: 41388350","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., Redig, P., and Orosz, S., 2000, Limb dysfunction, chap. of Manual of Avian Medicine, p. 493-526.","productDescription":"x, 622","startPage":"493","endPage":"526","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redig, P.T.","contributorId":19675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redig","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orosz, S.E.","contributorId":40321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orosz","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211038,"text":"5211038 - 2000 - Effects of two long-term mowing regimes on vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211038","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of two long-term mowing regimes on vegetation","docAbstract":"Wildlife managers have for many years been interested in the role of mowing as a management technique to benefit wildlife. Two long-term mowing regimes (60 years of similar management) were evaluated at Patuxent Research Refuge during the summer of 1997 to better understand the influence of mowing on vegetation communities. Mowing ceased in 1997 due to reduction in maintenance funds, which facilitated the identification of mature grasses. The previous mowing regimes included (1) lawn areas that had been mowed with rotary mowers approximately every 24 weeks and (2) meadow areas that had been mowed approximately once a year with a brushhog. Each regime had two replications. Vegetation was sampled in 20, 1 m2 plots per area (n=80) and percent cover visually estimated by species. The percent ground cover of the dominant vegetation on the lawn area was 40.0% red fescue (Festuca rubra), 26.5% white clover (Trifolium repens), and 18.0% Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis). The percent ground cover of the dominant vegetation in the meadow area was 33.2% meadow fescue (Festuca elatior), 9.9% sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), 9.2% orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), 6.3% Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and 5.2% red fescue. The sites were sampled again in 1999 with the major difference being the absence of white clover in the lawn areas, believed to be a result of the drought conditions in recent years. All percent ground covers for the dominant vegetation were significantly different (P<0.01) between the two mowing regimes. Species richness was higher in both years in the meadow regime (74, 62) versus the lawn regime (33, 23). Frequently mowed lawn areas may provide better grazing forage for herbivores, such as geese, rabbits, and deer, however, meadow areas may provide greater plant biomass (232 vs. 63 g/m2) and greater diversity of plant species. The meadow regime also appeared to have greater seed production and cover, which is favored by a wider variety of wildlife species, especially passerine birds and small mammals.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 17-19, 1999","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Agricultural Research Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service","publisherLocation":"Baltimore, MD","collaboration":"OCLC: 44137048","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., and Deller, A., 2000, Effects of two long-term mowing regimes on vegetation, chap. of Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 17-19, 1999, p. 249-252.","productDescription":"vi, 360","startPage":"249","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c83a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deller, A.S.","contributorId":38677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deller","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210995,"text":"5210995 - 2000 - Grassland birds: An overview of threats and recommended management strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5210995","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Grassland birds: An overview of threats and recommended management strategies","docAbstract":"Grassland ecosystems are dependent on periodic disturbance for habitat maintenance. Historically, grazing by native herbivores and prairie fires were the agents principally responsible for maintaining grassland areas. However, elimination of native herbivores, wide-spread fire suppression, and conversion for agriculture have greatly altered grasslands in the United States and Canada. Because of these landscape changes, many grassland birds are increasingly dependent on land managers for habitat creation, maintenance, and health. Grazing, prescribed burning, and mowing/haying are the most frequently used, and versatile, grassland management techniques. Grassland birds prefer a wide range of grass heights and densities, with some species preferring short sparse vegetation, and others preferring taller, more dense vegetation. Due to differences in species habitat preferences and regional differences in soils and floristics, the responses of individual grassland species to specific grassland management practices can be variable and often are regionally dependent. As a result, management of grassland areas is best directed toward the creation of a mosaic of grassland habitat types. This habitat mosaic is probably best maintained through some type of rotational management system in which sections of large grassland areas receive management on a regular schedule. Such a rotational system would provide a variety of habitat types in every year, would ensure the availability of suitable habitat for birds at either end of the grassland management spectrum, and also would provide habitat for birds whose preferences lie between these extremes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","usgsCitation":"Vickery, P., Herkert, J., Knopf, F., Ruth, J., and Keller, C., 2000, Grassland birds: An overview of threats and recommended management strategies, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 74-77.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"74","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db6722df","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507459,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507460,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507458,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507457,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Vickery, P.D.","contributorId":45427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vickery","given":"P.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkert, J.R.","contributorId":75876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkert","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruth, J.","contributorId":11163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keller, C.E.","contributorId":19273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5210991,"text":"5210991 - 2000 - Development of management objectives for waterfowl and shorebirds within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5210991","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Development of management objectives for waterfowl and shorebirds within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"The goal of the Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan is to provide sufficient habitat to support 4.3 million wintering ducks and 1.0 million wintering geese annually. Under the assumption that the amount of foraging habitat is the primary limitation to supporting waterfowl population goals in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV), a habitat objective to make available 285,000 ha of waterfowl foraging habitat is divided among seven states. This habitat objective is further divided between public and private ownership and among three habitat types: Bottomland hardwood forest, moist-soil sites, and agricultural fields. Management objectives for shorebirds within the MAV which provide foraging habitat for 0.5 million shorebirds during their southward migration have been tentatively established. Several as yet unverified assumptions were used in establishing these objectives; consequently, we caution that the objectives are subject to revision as the assumptions are tested. We assumed that 0.5 million shorebirds move through the MAV during late summer and fall, each foraging for an average of 10 days. During this migration period, foraging shorebirds are assumed to require sufficient forage to gain 1 g of biomass per day, in addition to their basal metabolic needs. Given an invertebrate food supply that provides 17.6 kj ? g-1, we calculated that an average 45 g shorebird requires about 8 g of invertebrate forage per day. Further assuming that each ha of managed shorebird habitat can provide 20 kg of invertebrate food resources available to shorebirds, we extrapolated a need for 2000 ha of shorebird foraging habitat. We suggest that the bulk of this foraging habitat be provided on public lands and that it be distributed throughout the MAV.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","usgsCitation":"Loesch, C., Twedt, D., Tripp, K., Hunter, W., and Woodrey, M., 2000, Development of management objectives for waterfowl and shorebirds within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 8-11.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"8","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de62","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507443,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507444,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507442,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507441,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Loesch, C.R.","contributorId":56767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loesch","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tripp, K.","contributorId":94769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, W.C.","contributorId":22769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodrey, M.S.","contributorId":71672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodrey","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5211054,"text":"5211054 - 2000 - Creating and managing wetland impoundments to provide habitat for aquatic birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211054","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Creating and managing wetland impoundments to provide habitat for aquatic birds","docAbstract":"Patuxent Research Refuge, located in Central Maryland (USA), has approximately 140 ha of impoundments that were constructed for recreational and wildlife conservation purposes. Impoundments are of three major designs: dammed ravines, excavated basins, and diked ponds. Over 50 species of wetland plants were transplanted to impoundments of Patuxent from many parts of the United States between 1945 and 1963 to determine the species best suited for establishment in tannin-stained infertile waters. The wood duck was the only waterfowl species commonly observed on the Refuge when the area was established, but Canada geese, mallards, and black ducks, were introduced and numerous techniques developed to improve nesting and brood habitat. Twenty-six waterfowl species and 80 species of other water birds have used the impoundments for resting, feeding, or nesting. Management is now conducted to optimize avian biodiversity. Management techniques include drawdowns of water every 3-5 years in most impoundments to provide maximum plant and invertebrate food resources for wildlife. Research on the impounded wetlands at Patuxent has included evaluation of vegetation in regard to water level management, improving nest box design to reduce use of boxes by starlings, imprinting of waterfowl to elevated nesting structures to reduce predation on nests, and drawdown techniques to increase macroinvertebrates. Data on waterfowl abundance are evaluated relative to management activities and a preliminary computer model for management of the impoundments has been developed. Past, present, and future management and research projects are reviewed in this paper.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and aquatic birds, monitoring, modelling and management: Second International Symposium on Limnology and Aquatic Birds, Monitoring, Modelling and Management, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, November 24-27, 1997","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan","publisherLocation":"Merida, Mexico","collaboration":"OCLC: 44828344 International Symposium on Limnology and Aquatic Birds (2nd : 1997 : Merida, Yucatan, Mexico)","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., Kangas, P., and Obrecht, H., 2000, Creating and managing wetland impoundments to provide habitat for aquatic birds, chap. of Limnology and aquatic birds, monitoring, modelling and management: Second International Symposium on Limnology and Aquatic Birds, Monitoring, Modelling and Management, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, November 24-27, 1997, p. 261-279.","productDescription":"xi, 305","startPage":"261","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683408","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Comin, Francisco A.","contributorId":112528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comin","given":"Francisco","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507535,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrera-Silveira, Jorge A.","contributorId":112572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrera-Silveira","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507536,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramirez-Ramirez, Javier","contributorId":112724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramirez-Ramirez","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507537,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kangas, P.","contributorId":86462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kangas","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obrecht, H.H. III","contributorId":18868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrecht","given":"H.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211035,"text":"5211035 - 2000 - Temporal and geographic patterns in population trends of brown-headed cowbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211035","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Temporal and geographic patterns in population trends of brown-headed cowbirds","docAbstract":"The temporal and geographic patterns in the population trends of Brown-headed Cowbirds are summarized from the North American Breeding Bird Survey. During 1966-1992, the survey-wide population declined significantly, a result of declining populations in the Eastern BBS Region, southern Great Plains, and the Pacific coast states. Increasing populations were most evident in the northern Great Plains. Cowbird populations were generally stable or increasing during 1966-1976, but their trends became more negative after 1976. The trends in cowbird populations were generally directly correlated with the trends of both host and nonhost species, suggesting that large-scale factors such as changing weather patterns, land use practices, or habitat availability were responsible for the observed temporal and geographic patterns in the trends of cowbirds and their hosts.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and management of cowbirds and their hosts: studies in the conservation of North American passerine birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Texas Press","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","collaboration":"Proceeding of North American Research Workshop on the Ecology and Management of Cowbirds, Austin, Texas Nov. 4-5, 1993, the Nature Conservancy. OCLC: 41108554 PDF on file: 5463_Peterjohn.pdf","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B., Sauer, J., and Schwarz, S., 2000, Temporal and geographic patterns in population trends of brown-headed cowbirds, chap. of Ecology and management of cowbirds and their hosts: studies in the conservation of North American passerine birds, p. 21-34.","productDescription":"ix, 388","startPage":"21","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, S.","contributorId":84052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211033,"text":"5211033 - 2000 - Soft tissue surgery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T13:00:47","indexId":"5211033","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Soft tissue surgery","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of Avian Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mosby","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","collaboration":"OCLC: 41388350","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., 2000, Soft tissue surgery, chap. of Manual of Avian Medicine, p. 527-541.","productDescription":"x, 622","startPage":"527","endPage":"541","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689723","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210994,"text":"5210994 - 2000 - Population and habitat viability assessments for Golden-cheeked Warblers and Black-capped Vireos: Usefulness to Partners in Flight Conservation Planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5210994","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Population and habitat viability assessments for Golden-cheeked Warblers and Black-capped Vireos: Usefulness to Partners in Flight Conservation Planning","docAbstract":"Golden-cheeked Warblers and Black-capped Vireos are Neotropical migratory birds that are federally listed as endangered. Recovery plans for both species advise the use of viability modeling as a tool for setting specific recovery and management targets. Population and Habitat Viability Assessment workshops were conducted to develop population targets and conservation recommendations for these species. Results of the workshops were based on modeling demographic and environmental factors, as well as discussions of management issues, management options, and public outreach strategies. The approach is intended to be iterative, and to be tracked by research and monitoring efforts. This paper discusses the consensus-building workshop process and how the approach could be useful to Partners in Flight. Population and Habitat Viability Assessments (PHVA) were used to develop population targets and conservation recommendations for Golden-cheeked Warblers (Dendroica chrysoparia) and Black-capped Vireos (Vireo atricapillus). This paper explains what PHVAs are, discusses how they are conducted, describes the general results that are produced, and suggests how Partners in Flight (PIF) might use a similar process for bird conservation planning. Detailed results of the assessments are not discussed here; however they can be found elsewhere (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996a, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996b). PHVAs were considered for Golden-cheeked Warblers and Black-capped Vireos because they are controversial, endangered species, and the species? recovery plans list PHVAs as tools to develop recovery recommendations. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) realized that the data needed to perform PHVAs for these species is limited, but that various conservation efforts, such as the Balcones Canyonlands Conservation Plan and other endeavors, were proceeding without benefit of the biological summarization and guidance that a PHVA could provide.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. 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Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 60-62.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"60","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682b9a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507455,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507456,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507454,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507453,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Beardmore, C.J.","contributorId":70882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beardmore","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211053,"text":"5211053 - 2000 - Herpetofauna of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Amazonian Bolivia: Additional information, and current knowledge in context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211053","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Herpetofauna of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Amazonian Bolivia: Additional information, and current knowledge in context","docAbstract":"Previous collections in the Departamento del Beni in tropical Bolivia only hinted at high levels of herpetological biodiversity (Fugler 1986, 1988; de la Riva 1990a; Fugler and de la Riva 1990). Fieldwork (totaling 48 days) in July-August 1988 and September 1987 (dry seasons) and November-December 1990 (wet season) has resulted in collection and identification of 401 amphibian and reptilian specimens from the general area of the Beni Biological Station's (EBB) headquarters at El Porvenir. These collections represent 33 amphibian and 17 reptilian species in 29 genera (14 amphibian, 15 reptilian). The inventory of herpetofauna scientifically documented to occur in the Departamento del Beni is considered to have been increased by 6 amphibian and 10 reptilian species. Specimens that could not be definitively identified (reflecting taxonomic uncertainty and/or probably species new to science) include 3 amphibian species (anurans) and 2 reptilian species (snakes). The EBB harbors the richest savanna for anuran species known in South America.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biodiversity, Conservation and Management in the Region of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Bolivia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"OCLC: 45165181","usgsCitation":"Middendorf, G., and Reynolds, R., 2000, Herpetofauna of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Amazonian Bolivia: Additional information, and current knowledge in context, chap. of Biodiversity, Conservation and Management in the Region of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Bolivia, p. 151-169.","productDescription":"v, 423","startPage":"151","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635bae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Herrera-MacBryde, Olga","contributorId":113975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrera-MacBryde","given":"Olga","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507533,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dallmeier, Francisco","contributorId":113247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallmeier","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507531,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacBryde, Bruce","contributorId":113588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacBryde","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507532,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cominskey, James A.","contributorId":113976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cominskey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507534,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miranda, Carmen","contributorId":111337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Carmen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507530,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Middendorf, G.","contributorId":27597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middendorf","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R.","contributorId":14335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211036,"text":"5211036 - 2000 - Impacts of cowbird parasitism on wood thrushes and other neotropical migrants in suburban Maryland forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5211036","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Impacts of cowbird parasitism on wood thrushes and other neotropical migrants in suburban Maryland forests","docAbstract":"During 1988-1993, we monitored nests of neotropical migrant birds in seven suburban Maryland forests to compare parasitism and predation rates in forests of different areas. Of 1,122 nests monitored, 672 were of Wood Thrush, the most commonly found nesting species. Study sites were forests that ranged in size from 21 ha to more than 1,300 ha in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of Maryland within 50 km of Washington, D.C. Parasitism rates of Wood Thrush nests varied greatly among sites, ranging from 0% (29 nests in 1990-1992) in a site in extensive forest to 68% (31 nests 1992-1993) in a 21-ha, selectively logged old-growth forest. A sudden increase in parasitism from 9% (102 nests 1990-1991) to 35% (125 nests 1992-1993) in a 23-ha old-growth forest was noteworthy. The surrounding environment at this site is changing from rural to residential. Wood Thrush parasitism rates dropped as the breeding season progressed, but peaks of parasitism coincided with peaks of nesting activity. Parasitism rates for Hooded Warblers (88% of 17 nests-all sites) were most alarming. High predation rates were a much greater factor in low productivity for Wood Thrushes than parasitism.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Management of Cowbirds and Their Hosts: Studies in the Conservation of North American Passerine Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Texas Press","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","collaboration":"Proceeding of North American Research Workshop on the Ecology and Management of Cowbirds, Austin, Texas Nov. 4-5, 1993, the Nature Conservancy. OCLC: 41108554 PDF on file: 5464_Dowell.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dowell, B., Fallon, J., Robbins, C., Dawson, D., and Fallon, F., 2000, Impacts of cowbird parasitism on wood thrushes and other neotropical migrants in suburban Maryland forests, chap. of Ecology and Management of Cowbirds and Their Hosts: Studies in the Conservation of North American Passerine Birds, p. 244-254.","productDescription":"ix, 388","startPage":"244","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c45a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, James N.M.","contributorId":112693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507516,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Terry L.","contributorId":111385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507513,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rothstein, Stephen I.","contributorId":113108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothstein","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507517,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Scott K.","contributorId":112569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507515,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sealy, Spencer G.","contributorId":111386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sealy","given":"Spencer","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507514,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Dowell, B.A.","contributorId":35842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowell","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, J.E.","contributorId":50629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fallon, F.W.","contributorId":80794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5211045,"text":"5211045 - 2000 - Reflections on heron conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211045","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reflections on heron conservation","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Heron conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","usgsCitation":"Kushlan, J., and Hafner, H., 2000, Reflections on heron conservation, chap. of Heron conservation, p. 377-379.","productDescription":"xvi, 480","startPage":"377","endPage":"379","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635113","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kushlan, J.A.","contributorId":18301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kushlan","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hafner, H.","contributorId":12803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafner","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211044,"text":"5211044 - 2000 - Conservation of herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211044","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Conservation of herons","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Heron conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","usgsCitation":"Hafner, H., Lansdown, R., Kushlan, J., Butler, R.W., Custer, T., Davidson, I., Erwin, R., Hancock, J., Lyles, A., Maddock, M., Marion, L., Morales, G., Mundkur, T., Perennou, C., Pineau, O., Turner, D., Ulenaers, P., van Vessem, J., and Young, L., 2000, Conservation of herons, chap. of Heron conservation, p. 343-375.","productDescription":"xvi, 480","startPage":"343","endPage":"375","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a29bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hafner, H.","contributorId":12803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafner","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lansdown, R.V.","contributorId":53722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lansdown","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kushlan, J.A.","contributorId":18301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kushlan","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, Robert W.","contributorId":67444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Custer, T. 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,{"id":5211037,"text":"5211037 - 2000 - Establishment of warm season grasses with and without the use of compost soil amendments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211037","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Establishment of warm season grasses with and without the use of compost soil amendments","docAbstract":"Two compost materials (COMPRO and LEAFGRO) were evaluated as soil amendments to enhance wildlife habitats, while maintaining optimal floral and faunal biodiversity. Special emphasis was placed on the role of compost in the establishment and retention of native warm season grasses (Andropogon gerardi, Schizachyrium scoparium, and Sorghastrum nutans). This study was conducted at two sites that were degraded by previous military and farming operations. Sites were plowed twice in 1996 and then a one inch layer of COMPRO or LEAFGRO was applied with a modified manure spreader and disked into the soil to a depth of 3 inches. Vegetation sampling was conducted in 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999. Initially the greatest vegetation cover occurred in plots treated with LEAFGRO. Plots treated with COMPRO had less vegetation cover than both types of controls plots (with and without warmseason grasses). The reduced plant growth in the plots treated with COMPRO may have been related to the much higher soil pH of these plots on both sites. In subsequent years, amounts of warm season grasses increased, however, in general there was more cover of warm season grasses in plots that did not receive compost than those that did receive compost. Sorghastrum nutans was more abundant on the sites than either of the other two species of warm season grasses. Invertebrate and mammal data collected for three years indicated that there was not more faunal activity in the plots treated with LEAFGRO or COMPRO compost soil amendments. Results indicate that compost amendments did not improve establishment of warm season grasses and the resultant faunal diversity or abundance.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 17-19","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Agricultural Research Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service","publisherLocation":"Beltsville, Md.","collaboration":"OCLC: 44137048","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., Osenton, P., Gough, G., and Lohnes, E., 2000, Establishment of warm season grasses with and without the use of compost soil amendments, chap. of Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 17-19, p. 244-248.","productDescription":"vi, 360","startPage":"244","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osenton, P.C.","contributorId":20441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osenton","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, G.A.","contributorId":105013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lohnes, E.J.R.","contributorId":11728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohnes","given":"E.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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