{"pageNumber":"3176","pageRowStart":"79375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184884,"records":[{"id":5211053,"text":"5211053 - 2000 - Herpetofauna of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Amazonian Bolivia: Additional information, and current knowledge in context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211053","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Herpetofauna of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Amazonian Bolivia: Additional information, and current knowledge in context","docAbstract":"Previous collections in the Departamento del Beni in tropical Bolivia only hinted at high levels of herpetological biodiversity (Fugler 1986, 1988; de la Riva 1990a; Fugler and de la Riva 1990). Fieldwork (totaling 48 days) in July-August 1988 and September 1987 (dry seasons) and November-December 1990 (wet season) has resulted in collection and identification of 401 amphibian and reptilian specimens from the general area of the Beni Biological Station's (EBB) headquarters at El Porvenir. These collections represent 33 amphibian and 17 reptilian species in 29 genera (14 amphibian, 15 reptilian). The inventory of herpetofauna scientifically documented to occur in the Departamento del Beni is considered to have been increased by 6 amphibian and 10 reptilian species. Specimens that could not be definitively identified (reflecting taxonomic uncertainty and/or probably species new to science) include 3 amphibian species (anurans) and 2 reptilian species (snakes). The EBB harbors the richest savanna for anuran species known in South America.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biodiversity, Conservation and Management in the Region of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Bolivia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"OCLC: 45165181","usgsCitation":"Middendorf, G., and Reynolds, R., 2000, Herpetofauna of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Amazonian Bolivia: Additional information, and current knowledge in context, chap. of Biodiversity, Conservation and Management in the Region of the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve, Bolivia, p. 151-169.","productDescription":"v, 423","startPage":"151","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635bae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Herrera-MacBryde, Olga","contributorId":113975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrera-MacBryde","given":"Olga","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507533,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dallmeier, Francisco","contributorId":113247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallmeier","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507531,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacBryde, Bruce","contributorId":113588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacBryde","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507532,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cominskey, James A.","contributorId":113976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cominskey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507534,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miranda, Carmen","contributorId":111337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Carmen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507530,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Middendorf, G.","contributorId":27597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middendorf","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R.","contributorId":14335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211037,"text":"5211037 - 2000 - Establishment of warm season grasses with and without the use of compost soil amendments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211037","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Establishment of warm season grasses with and without the use of compost soil amendments","docAbstract":"Two compost materials (COMPRO and LEAFGRO) were evaluated as soil amendments to enhance wildlife habitats, while maintaining optimal floral and faunal biodiversity. Special emphasis was placed on the role of compost in the establishment and retention of native warm season grasses (Andropogon gerardi, Schizachyrium scoparium, and Sorghastrum nutans). This study was conducted at two sites that were degraded by previous military and farming operations. Sites were plowed twice in 1996 and then a one inch layer of COMPRO or LEAFGRO was applied with a modified manure spreader and disked into the soil to a depth of 3 inches. Vegetation sampling was conducted in 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999. Initially the greatest vegetation cover occurred in plots treated with LEAFGRO. Plots treated with COMPRO had less vegetation cover than both types of controls plots (with and without warmseason grasses). The reduced plant growth in the plots treated with COMPRO may have been related to the much higher soil pH of these plots on both sites. In subsequent years, amounts of warm season grasses increased, however, in general there was more cover of warm season grasses in plots that did not receive compost than those that did receive compost. Sorghastrum nutans was more abundant on the sites than either of the other two species of warm season grasses. Invertebrate and mammal data collected for three years indicated that there was not more faunal activity in the plots treated with LEAFGRO or COMPRO compost soil amendments. Results indicate that compost amendments did not improve establishment of warm season grasses and the resultant faunal diversity or abundance.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 17-19","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Agricultural Research Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service","publisherLocation":"Beltsville, Md.","collaboration":"OCLC: 44137048","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., Osenton, P., Gough, G., and Lohnes, E., 2000, Establishment of warm season grasses with and without the use of compost soil amendments, chap. of Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 17-19, p. 244-248.","productDescription":"vi, 360","startPage":"244","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osenton, P.C.","contributorId":20441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osenton","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, G.A.","contributorId":105013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lohnes, E.J.R.","contributorId":11728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohnes","given":"E.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211034,"text":"5211034 - 2000 - Host selection in the forest interior: cowbirds target ground-nesting species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211034","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Host selection in the forest interior: cowbirds target ground-nesting species","docAbstract":"We investigated patterns of cowbird host selection in a large (1300 ha), unfragmented forest in eastern New York in 1992-3 to determine whether cowbird parasitism rates can be attributed to species-specific traits or to other features associated with nest sites. Nest height was significantly associated with parasitism (P = 0.003) in this community of 23 species (n = 430 nests, 23% parasitized). Further analysis revealed that the difference in mean nest heights between parasitized and unparasitized nests was due to species identity, and within each species there was no difference in mean nest heights between parasitized and unparasitized nests. These results imply that during 1992-3 cowbirds in this forest specialized on species that have low nests and did not necessarily select low nests regardless of species. This was further supported by a negative association across all 23 species between mean nest height and parasitism rate (P = 0.03). Thus, although most of the forest-nesting species in this community experienced cowbird parasitism, there was a tendency for higher parasitism rates on low-nesting species such as the Ovenbird, Black-and-white Warbler, Louisiana Waterthrush, Veery, and Hermit Thrush. The Wood Thrush, a mid-range nester which is heavily parasitized in southern Illinois, experienced only 10% parasitism in our site and ranked 9th in parasitism rate, although it was the most abundant species in this forest in terms of the number of nests found. A long-term study is necessary to determine whether this cowbird population consistently parasitizes the ground-nesting species of this forest community more often than those nesting at higher levels or whether they periodically shift among hosts at different heights and in different habitats across the local landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Management of Cowbirds and their Hosts: Studies in the Conservation of North American Passerine Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Texas Press","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","collaboration":"Chapter 13 in Proceeding of North American Research Workshop on the Ecology and Management of Cowbirds, Austin, Texas Nov. 4-5, 1993, the Nature Conservancy. OCLC: 41108554 PDF on file: 5462_Hahn.pdf and 5462_Hahn_large.pdf t.p. graphic is good","usgsCitation":"Hahn, D., and Hatfield, J., 2000, Host selection in the forest interior: cowbirds target ground-nesting species, chap. of Ecology and Management of Cowbirds and their Hosts: Studies in the Conservation of North American Passerine Birds, p. 120-127.","productDescription":"ix, 388","startPage":"120","endPage":"127","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499ee4b07f02db5bcc02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211047,"text":"5211047 - 2000 - Effects of Altosid and Abate-4E on deformities and survival in southern leopard frogs under semi-natural conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5211047","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of Altosid and Abate-4E on deformities and survival in southern leopard frogs under semi-natural conditions","docAbstract":"Experimental wetlands were sprayed with Abate-4E (a.i. temephos) and Altosid (a.i. methoprene) through the summer following label directions. In late August and early Septemeber metamorphing tadpoles were captured and examined for deformities. Tadpoles captured from ponds sprayed with Altosid had a 15% deformity rate mostly involving total or partially missing hind limbs. Tadpoles from control ponds had a 5% rate of deformities. The difference was statistically significant. The relative abundance of tadpoles from ponds sprayed with Abate-4E was significantly lower than those from Altosid-sprayed or control wetlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Investigating Amphibian Declines: Proceedings of the 1998 Declining Amphibians Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"OCLC: 45165303","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., 2000, Effects of Altosid and Abate-4E on deformities and survival in southern leopard frogs under semi-natural conditions, chap. of Investigating Amphibian Declines: Proceedings of the 1998 Declining Amphibians Conference, p. 90-91.","startPage":"90","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62522d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kaiser, Hinrich","contributorId":113107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Hinrich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507519,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casper, Gary S.","contributorId":58186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casper","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507518,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernstein, Neil P.","contributorId":113155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernstein","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507520,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5211045,"text":"5211045 - 2000 - Reflections on heron conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211045","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reflections on heron conservation","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Heron conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","usgsCitation":"Kushlan, J., and Hafner, H., 2000, Reflections on heron conservation, chap. of Heron conservation, p. 377-379.","productDescription":"xvi, 480","startPage":"377","endPage":"379","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635113","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kushlan, J.A.","contributorId":18301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kushlan","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hafner, H.","contributorId":12803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafner","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211044,"text":"5211044 - 2000 - Conservation of herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211044","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Conservation of herons","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Heron conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","usgsCitation":"Hafner, H., Lansdown, R., Kushlan, J., Butler, R.W., Custer, T., Davidson, I., Erwin, R., Hancock, J., Lyles, A., Maddock, M., Marion, L., Morales, G., Mundkur, T., Perennou, C., Pineau, O., Turner, D., Ulenaers, P., van Vessem, J., and Young, L., 2000, Conservation of herons, chap. of Heron conservation, p. 343-375.","productDescription":"xvi, 480","startPage":"343","endPage":"375","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a29bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hafner, H.","contributorId":12803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafner","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lansdown, R.V.","contributorId":53722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lansdown","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kushlan, J.A.","contributorId":18301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kushlan","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, Robert W.","contributorId":67444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davidson, I.J.","contributorId":52104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hancock, J.A.","contributorId":87877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hancock","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lyles, A.M.","contributorId":79828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyles","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Maddock, M.","contributorId":21488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Marion, L.","contributorId":25502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Morales, G.","contributorId":30168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morales","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mundkur, T.","contributorId":60151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundkur","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Perennou, C.","contributorId":8030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perennou","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Pineau, O.","contributorId":15552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pineau","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Turner, D.","contributorId":97029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Ulenaers, P.","contributorId":63749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulenaers","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"van Vessem, J.","contributorId":105825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Vessem","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Young, L.","contributorId":39717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":5211036,"text":"5211036 - 2000 - Impacts of cowbird parasitism on wood thrushes and other neotropical migrants in suburban Maryland forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5211036","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Impacts of cowbird parasitism on wood thrushes and other neotropical migrants in suburban Maryland forests","docAbstract":"During 1988-1993, we monitored nests of neotropical migrant birds in seven suburban Maryland forests to compare parasitism and predation rates in forests of different areas. Of 1,122 nests monitored, 672 were of Wood Thrush, the most commonly found nesting species. Study sites were forests that ranged in size from 21 ha to more than 1,300 ha in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of Maryland within 50 km of Washington, D.C. Parasitism rates of Wood Thrush nests varied greatly among sites, ranging from 0% (29 nests in 1990-1992) in a site in extensive forest to 68% (31 nests 1992-1993) in a 21-ha, selectively logged old-growth forest. A sudden increase in parasitism from 9% (102 nests 1990-1991) to 35% (125 nests 1992-1993) in a 23-ha old-growth forest was noteworthy. The surrounding environment at this site is changing from rural to residential. Wood Thrush parasitism rates dropped as the breeding season progressed, but peaks of parasitism coincided with peaks of nesting activity. Parasitism rates for Hooded Warblers (88% of 17 nests-all sites) were most alarming. High predation rates were a much greater factor in low productivity for Wood Thrushes than parasitism.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Management of Cowbirds and Their Hosts: Studies in the Conservation of North American Passerine Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Texas Press","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","collaboration":"Proceeding of North American Research Workshop on the Ecology and Management of Cowbirds, Austin, Texas Nov. 4-5, 1993, the Nature Conservancy. OCLC: 41108554 PDF on file: 5464_Dowell.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dowell, B., Fallon, J., Robbins, C., Dawson, D., and Fallon, F., 2000, Impacts of cowbird parasitism on wood thrushes and other neotropical migrants in suburban Maryland forests, chap. of Ecology and Management of Cowbirds and Their Hosts: Studies in the Conservation of North American Passerine Birds, p. 244-254.","productDescription":"ix, 388","startPage":"244","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c45a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, James N.M.","contributorId":112693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507516,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Terry L.","contributorId":111385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507513,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rothstein, Stephen I.","contributorId":113108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothstein","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507517,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Scott K.","contributorId":112569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507515,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sealy, Spencer G.","contributorId":111386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sealy","given":"Spencer","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507514,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Dowell, B.A.","contributorId":35842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowell","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, J.E.","contributorId":50629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fallon, F.W.","contributorId":80794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5210993,"text":"5210993 - 2000 - Estimating survival of neotropical-nearctic migratory birds: Are they dead or just dispersed?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5210993","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Estimating survival of neotropical-nearctic migratory birds: Are they dead or just dispersed?","docAbstract":"The most common method for estimating adult survival in site specific demographic studies of Neotropical-Nearctic migratory bird populations is by measuring the return rate of marked individuals. Return rate historically has been defined as the ratio of resighted birds to the total number banded (i.e., with bands on) the prior year, and has been used as a 'minimum number known alive' estimate of survival. Return rates potentially underestimate true survival (the complement of mortality) for two reasons. First, not every bird that returns to the study plot is actually encountered by the field researcher, and second, not every bird that survives to the next breeding season returns to the study plot. We use a branching-tree diagram to illustrate that the essential problem with return rate methodology is that the fate of birds that are not resighted is unknown. It is widely recognized that Cormack-Jolly-Seber based analyses greatly improve 'survival' estimates by incorporating the probability of resighting a bird given that it is alive and present on the study plot. However, these estimates will underestimate true survival if birds disperse beyond the range of the resighting effort. Because long-distance dispersal events are an important component of migratory bird ecology, we cannot estimate true survival from return rate data until better information on dispersal distances and probabilities are collected. We discuss several conservation implications of underestimating survival,.and suggest terminology that is potentially less confusing.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","usgsCitation":"Marshall, M., Wilson, R., and Cooper, R., 2000, Estimating survival of neotropical-nearctic migratory birds: Are they dead or just dispersed?, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 195-199.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"195","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc848","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507451,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507452,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507450,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507449,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, M.R.","contributorId":82427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, R.R.","contributorId":12138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210998,"text":"5210998 - 2000 - Population and habitat assessment: Monitoring bird populations over large areas: Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5210998","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Population and habitat assessment: Monitoring bird populations over large areas: Introduction","docAbstract":"Monitoring provides essential information about status and change in bird populations. For Neotropical Migrant Birds (NTMBs), the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) has been particularly influential in documenting regional population change and often is cited as justification for management actions. However, as with most bird surveys, the design of the BBS, and the geographic scale of the information, often limits its use either in evaluating the response of bird populations to management, or in identifying causes of population change.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., and Cooper, R., 2000, Population and habitat assessment: Monitoring bird populations over large areas: Introduction, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 113-114.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"113","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842ca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507471,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507472,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507470,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507469,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210990,"text":"5210990 - 2000 - Development of management objectives for breeding birds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5210990","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Development of management objectives for breeding birds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"We used a six-step process to set habitat objectives and population goals for breeding birds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Specifically, we used existing empirical studies and mathematically derived viable population estimates to define habitat objectives and population goals for bottomland hardwood forest, the most important habitat type in this physiographic area. Although habitat objectives must address both quality and quantity, we concentrate here on the size and number of forest patches in this highly fragmented landscape. To support source populations of all forest breeding birds we recommend the protection/restoration of 52 forest patches that are 4,000-8,000 ha in size, 36 patches of 8,000-40,000 ha, and 13 patches greater than 40,000 ha. Although every physiographic area is unique, the methodology applied here should be applicable in other situations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","usgsCitation":"Mueller, A., Twedt, D., and Loesch, C., 2000, Development of management objectives for breeding birds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 12-17.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"12","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686678","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507439,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507440,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507438,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507437,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, A.J.","contributorId":40687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loesch, C.R.","contributorId":56767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loesch","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210996,"text":"5210996 - 2000 - Conservation planning and monitoring avian habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5210996","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Conservation planning and monitoring avian habitat","docAbstract":"Migratory bird conservation plans should not only develop population goals, they also should establish attainable objectives for optimizing avian habitats. Meeting population goals is of paramount importance, but progress toward established habitat objectives can generally be monitored more easily than can progress toward population goals. Additionally, local or regional habitat objectives can be attained regardless of perturbations to avian populations that occur outside the geographic area covered by conservation plans. Assessments of current avian habitats, obtained from remotely sensed data, and the historical distribution of habitats should be used in establishing habitat objectives. Habitat planning and monitoring are best conducted using a geographic information system. Habitat objectives are assigned to three categories: maintaining existing habitat, restoring habitat, and creating new or alternative habitat. Progress toward meeting habitat objectives can be monitored through geographic information systems by incorporating georeferenced information on public lands, private lands under conservation easements, corporate lands under prescribed management, habitat restoration areas, and private lands under alternative management to enhance wildlife values. We recommend that the area and distribution of habitats within the area covered by conservation plans be reassessed from remotely sensed imagery at intervals appropriate to detect predicted habitat changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D., and Loesch, C., 2000, Conservation planning and monitoring avian habitat, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 131-134.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"131","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687de2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507463,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507464,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507462,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507461,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loesch, C.R.","contributorId":56767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loesch","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210999,"text":"5210999 - 2000 - Managing wetlands for waterbirds: How managers can make a difference in improving habitat to support a North American Bird Conservation Plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5210999","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Managing wetlands for waterbirds: How managers can make a difference in improving habitat to support a North American Bird Conservation Plan","docAbstract":"Wetlands are the most productive ecosystems in the world, yet they have suffered more loss and degradation than any other ecosystem. Not surprisingly, 50% (29 of 58) of all the bird species in the U. S. (excluding Hawaii and territories) that are listed either as federally threatened or endangered, or are on the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1995 List of Migratory Nongame Birds of Management Concern, occupy wetland or aquatic habitats even though many remaining wetlands across the North American landscape already are managed primarily for waterbirds. Some of these wetlands are administered by federal and state entities (e.g., national wildlife refuges, national and state parks, state wetland management areas) or are maintained on private lands through federally supported restoration and enhancement programs (e.g., Conservation Reserve Program, Wetland Reserve Program, Waterfowl Production Areas, and Partners for Wildlife). Private organizations, such as the National Audubon Society, The Nature Conservancy, and private hunting clubs, also own wetland areas that are managed specifically to benefit wildlife. If management philosophies are altered to consider the entire complex of wetlands, many wetlands can provide benefits to a broad array of waterbirds, as opposed to just one or a few species. However, challenges for natural resource managers are in forming partnerships with owners-managers of wetlands where the objectives are not primarily wildlife oriented. These owners or managers need to be included in wetland training workshops in an attempt to educate them about wetland values and secondary wildlife benefits that may be derived in flooded agricultural lands, aquaculture ponds, altered coastal marshes (mosquito control), and salt evaporation ponds. In some cases, compensation for crop damages by wildlife may be a necessary part of any cooperative agreements. In the development of a North American Bird Conservation Plan we propose a four-step approach and recommend that emphasis be placed on working with Joint Ventures of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan to ensure that a diverse array of waterbird species will benefit. Efforts also should be devoted to developing similar partnerships in areas where important wetland resources exist but no Joint Ventures are planned.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Laubhan, M., Cornely, J., and Bradshaw, D., 2000, Managing wetlands for waterbirds: How managers can make a difference in improving habitat to support a North American Bird Conservation Plan, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 82-87.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"82","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac2d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507475,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507476,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507474,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507473,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laubhan, M.K.","contributorId":40542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laubhan","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornely, J.E.","contributorId":83865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornely","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradshaw, D.M.","contributorId":76438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradshaw","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210987,"text":"5210987 - 2000 - Monitoring is not enough: on the need for a model-based approach to migratory bird management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5210987","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Monitoring is not enough: on the need for a model-based approach to migratory bird management","docAbstract":"Informed management requires information about system state and about effects of potential management actions on system state. Population monitoring can provide the needed information about system state, as well as information that can be used to investigate effects of management actions. Three methods for investigating effects of management on bird populations are (1) retrospective analysis, (2) formal experimentation and constrained-design studies, and (3) adaptive management. Retrospective analyses provide weak inferences, regardless of the quality of the monitoring data. The active use of monitoring data in experimental or constrained-design studies or in adaptive management is recommended. Under both approaches, learning occurs via the comparison of estimates from the monitoring program with predictions from competing management models.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, Utah","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., 2000, Monitoring is not enough: on the need for a model-based approach to migratory bird management, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 121-123.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"121","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6990fc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507427,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507428,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210988,"text":"5210988 - 2000 - DC birdscape: a program for monitoring neotropical migrant birds in Washington, DC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5210988","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"DC birdscape: a program for monitoring neotropical migrant birds in Washington, DC","docAbstract":"Urban and suburban habitats often contain a variety of Neotropical migratory birds, but are poorly sampled by programs such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey. DC Birdscape was developed to inventory and monitor birds in Washington, D.C. Birds were surveyed using a systematic sample of point counts during 1993-1995. Results indicate that species richness of Neotropical migratory birds varied among land-use categories, and that maximum species richness occurred in parkland habitats. Although DC Birdscape has provided relevant information on bird distribution and species richness, it is unclear whether the information is of sufficient management interest to support its continuation as a long-term monitoring program.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Hadidian, J., Swarth, C., Droege, S., Handly, P., Diddan, G., and Huff, J., 2000, DC birdscape: a program for monitoring neotropical migrant birds in Washington, DC, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 140-142.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"140","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb69","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507432,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hadidian, J.","contributorId":68429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadidian","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarth, C.","contributorId":57566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarth","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Handly, P.","contributorId":35036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handly","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diddan, G.","contributorId":26041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diddan","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huff, J.","contributorId":38675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5211038,"text":"5211038 - 2000 - Effects of two long-term mowing regimes on vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211038","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of two long-term mowing regimes on vegetation","docAbstract":"Wildlife managers have for many years been interested in the role of mowing as a management technique to benefit wildlife. Two long-term mowing regimes (60 years of similar management) were evaluated at Patuxent Research Refuge during the summer of 1997 to better understand the influence of mowing on vegetation communities. Mowing ceased in 1997 due to reduction in maintenance funds, which facilitated the identification of mature grasses. The previous mowing regimes included (1) lawn areas that had been mowed with rotary mowers approximately every 24 weeks and (2) meadow areas that had been mowed approximately once a year with a brushhog. Each regime had two replications. Vegetation was sampled in 20, 1 m2 plots per area (n=80) and percent cover visually estimated by species. The percent ground cover of the dominant vegetation on the lawn area was 40.0% red fescue (Festuca rubra), 26.5% white clover (Trifolium repens), and 18.0% Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis). The percent ground cover of the dominant vegetation in the meadow area was 33.2% meadow fescue (Festuca elatior), 9.9% sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), 9.2% orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), 6.3% Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and 5.2% red fescue. The sites were sampled again in 1999 with the major difference being the absence of white clover in the lawn areas, believed to be a result of the drought conditions in recent years. All percent ground covers for the dominant vegetation were significantly different (P<0.01) between the two mowing regimes. Species richness was higher in both years in the meadow regime (74, 62) versus the lawn regime (33, 23). Frequently mowed lawn areas may provide better grazing forage for herbivores, such as geese, rabbits, and deer, however, meadow areas may provide greater plant biomass (232 vs. 63 g/m2) and greater diversity of plant species. The meadow regime also appeared to have greater seed production and cover, which is favored by a wider variety of wildlife species, especially passerine birds and small mammals.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 17-19, 1999","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Agricultural Research Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service","publisherLocation":"Baltimore, MD","collaboration":"OCLC: 44137048","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., and Deller, A., 2000, Effects of two long-term mowing regimes on vegetation, chap. of Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 17-19, 1999, p. 249-252.","productDescription":"vi, 360","startPage":"249","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c83a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deller, A.S.","contributorId":38677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deller","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211035,"text":"5211035 - 2000 - Temporal and geographic patterns in population trends of brown-headed cowbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211035","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Temporal and geographic patterns in population trends of brown-headed cowbirds","docAbstract":"The temporal and geographic patterns in the population trends of Brown-headed Cowbirds are summarized from the North American Breeding Bird Survey. During 1966-1992, the survey-wide population declined significantly, a result of declining populations in the Eastern BBS Region, southern Great Plains, and the Pacific coast states. Increasing populations were most evident in the northern Great Plains. Cowbird populations were generally stable or increasing during 1966-1976, but their trends became more negative after 1976. The trends in cowbird populations were generally directly correlated with the trends of both host and nonhost species, suggesting that large-scale factors such as changing weather patterns, land use practices, or habitat availability were responsible for the observed temporal and geographic patterns in the trends of cowbirds and their hosts.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and management of cowbirds and their hosts: studies in the conservation of North American passerine birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Texas Press","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","collaboration":"Proceeding of North American Research Workshop on the Ecology and Management of Cowbirds, Austin, Texas Nov. 4-5, 1993, the Nature Conservancy. OCLC: 41108554 PDF on file: 5463_Peterjohn.pdf","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B., Sauer, J., and Schwarz, S., 2000, Temporal and geographic patterns in population trends of brown-headed cowbirds, chap. of Ecology and management of cowbirds and their hosts: studies in the conservation of North American passerine birds, p. 21-34.","productDescription":"ix, 388","startPage":"21","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, S.","contributorId":84052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210997,"text":"5210997 - 2000 - Monitoring survival rates of landbirds at varying spatial scales: An application of the MAPS Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5210997","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Monitoring survival rates of landbirds at varying spatial scales: An application of the MAPS Program","docAbstract":"Survivorship is a primary demographic parameter affecting population dynamics, and thus trends in species abundance. The Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) program is a cooperative effort designed to monitor landbird demographic parameters. A principle goal of MAPS is to estimate annual survivorship and identify spatial patterns and temporal trends in these rates. We evaluated hypotheses of spatial patterns in survival rates among a collection of neighboring sampling sites, such as within national forests, among biogeographic provinces, and between breeding populations that winter in either Central or South America, and compared these geographic-specific models to a model of a common survival rate among all sampling sites. We used data collected during 1992-1995 from Swainson's Thrush (Cathorus ustulatus) populations in the western region of the United States. We evaluated the ability to detect spatial and temporal patterns of survivorship with simulated data. We found weak evidence of spatial differences in survival rates at the local scale of 'location,' which typically contained 3 mist-netting stations. There was little evidence of differences in survival rates among biogeographic provinces or between populations that winter in either Central or South America. When data were pooled for a regional estimate of survivorship, the percent relative bias due to pooling 'locations' was <1%. With the pooled data, we estimated a 44% annual regional survival rate; this low estimated survival rate was likely due to the presence of transients in the population (Rosenberg and others 1999). Using simulated data, we found that power to detect spatial differences increased considerably with number of years and spatial scale, the latter reflecting larger sample size. Detection of trends at smaller spatial scales required > 12 years of monitoring. Detection of spatial patterns and temporal trends in survival rates from local to regional scales will provide important information for management and future research directed toward conservation of landbirds.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. 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Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 178-184.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"178","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa6f8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507467,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507468,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507466,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507465,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberg, D.K.","contributorId":31505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeSante, D.F.","contributorId":70514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSante","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211029,"text":"5211029 - 2000 - Embryologic considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T13:00:24","indexId":"5211029","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Embryologic considerations","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of Avian Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mosby","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., 2000, Embryologic considerations, chap. of Manual of Avian Medicine, p. 189-212.","productDescription":"x, 622","startPage":"189","endPage":"212","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6059db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5211031,"text":"5211031 - 2000 - Problems of the bill and oropharynx","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T13:04:27","indexId":"5211031","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Problems of the bill and oropharynx","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of Avian Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mosby","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","collaboration":"OCLC: 41388350","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., 2000, Problems of the bill and oropharynx, chap. of Manual of Avian Medicine, p. 359-368.","productDescription":"x, 622","startPage":"359","endPage":"368","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660a28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5211050,"text":"5211050 - 2000 - Recreation impacts and management in wilderness: A state-of-knowledge review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211050","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Recreation impacts and management in wilderness: A state-of-knowledge review","docAbstract":"This paper reviews the body of literature on recreation resource impacts and their management in the United States, with a primary focus on research within designated wildernesses during the past 15 years since the previous review (Cole 1987b). Recreation impacts have become a salient issue among wilderness scientists, managers and advocates alike. Studies of recreation impacts, referred to as recreation ecology, have expanded and diversified. Research has shifted its focus more towards questions driven by wilderness and park planning frameworks such the Limits of Acceptable Change and the Visitor Experience and Resource Protection. This paper begins by providing an overview of recreation impacts and their significance in wilderness, followed by a review of research approaches and methods. Major findings from recent studies are summarized. The contribution of this knowledge base to management decisionmaking and practices is examined. The paper concludes with a discussion of major knowledge gaps and suggested areas for future research.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Wilderness Science in a Time of Change, May 23-27, 1999, Missoula, MT. Vol. 5, Wilderness ecosystems, threats, and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","collaboration":"OCLC: 46344134. PDF on file: 5512_Leung.pdf","usgsCitation":"Leung, Y., and Marion, J., 2000, Recreation impacts and management in wilderness: A state-of-knowledge review, chap. of Proceedings: Wilderness Science in a Time of Change, May 23-27, 1999, Missoula, MT. Vol. 5, Wilderness ecosystems, threats, and management, p. 23-48.","startPage":"23","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6353e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leung, Y.-F.","contributorId":34613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leung","given":"Y.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211048,"text":"5211048 - 2000 - Landscape associations of frog and toad species in Iowa and Wisconsin, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211048","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Landscape associations of frog and toad species in Iowa and Wisconsin, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Landscape habitat associations of frogs and toads in Iowa and Wisconsin were tested to determine whether they support or refute previous general habitat classifications. We examined which Midwestern species shared similar habitats to see if these associations were consistent across large geographic areas (states). Rana sylvatica (wood frog), Hyla versicolor (eastern gray treefrog), Pseudacris crucifer (spring peeper), and Acris crepitans (cricket frog) were identified as forest species, P. triseriata (chorus frog), H. chrysoscelis (Cope's gray treefrog), R. pipiens (leopard frog), and Bufo americanus (American toad) as grassland species, and R. catesbeiana (bullfrog), R. clamitans (green frog), R. palustris (pickerel frog), and R. septentrionalis (mink frog) as lake or stream species. The best candidates to serve as bioindicators of habitat quality were the forest species R. sylvatica, H. versicolor, and P. crucifer, the grassland species R. pipiens and P. triseriata, and a cold water wetland species, R. palustris. Declines of P. crucifer, R. pipiens, and R. palustris populations in one or both states may reflect changes in habitat quality. Habitat and community associations of some species differed between states, indicating that these relationships may change across the range of a species. Acris crepitans may have shifted its habitat affinities from open habitats, recorded historically, to the more forested habitat associations we recorded. We suggest contaminants deserve more investigation regarding the abrupt and widespread declines of this species. Interspersion of different habitat types was positively associated with several species. A larger number of wetland patches may increase breeding opportunities and increase the probability of at least one site being suitable. We noted consistently negative associations between anuran species and urban development. Given the current trend of urban growth and increasing density of the human population, declines of amphibian populations are likely to continue.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Investigating amphibian declines: Proceedings of the 1998 declining amphibians conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"OCLC: 45165303","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., Sauer, J., Olsen, D., Mossman, M., Hemesath, L., and Lannoo, M., 2000, Landscape associations of frog and toad species in Iowa and Wisconsin, U.S.A, chap. of Investigating amphibian declines: Proceedings of the 1998 declining amphibians conference, p. 134-145.","startPage":"134","endPage":"145","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abbad","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kaiser, Hinrich","contributorId":113107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Hinrich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507522,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casper, Gary S.","contributorId":58186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casper","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507521,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernstein, Neil P.","contributorId":113155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernstein","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507523,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, D.A.","contributorId":10377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mossman, M.J.","contributorId":54946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossman","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hemesath, L.M.","contributorId":44502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemesath","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lannoo, M.J.","contributorId":17937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5210989,"text":"5210989 - 2000 - Combining information from monitoring programs: Complications associated with indices and geographic scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5210989","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Combining information from monitoring programs: Complications associated with indices and geographic scale","docAbstract":"To adequately monitor Neotropical migratory birds, information must be collected to assess population change at local, regional, and continent-wide scales. I suggest that large-scale survey results (such as those derived from the North American Breeding Bird Survey) should not be used to predict population attributes on parks, refuges, and other protected areas. These areas are often managed, and generally contain habitats that can be poorly sampled in large scale surveys, hence local bird populations might be quite different from those sampled in the large-scale surveys. Furthermore, we are limited in our capabilities to combine information from local surveys with large-scale survey data. Most surveys of bird populations collect indices of abundance which are often not comparable among surveys due to habitat and region specific differences in probabilities of detecting birds. In assessing the effects of management, it is important to understand the limitations of monitoring at different geographic scales and to design programs to monitor at the scale at which management is conducted.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, Utah","collaboration":"1995 Partners in Flight International Workshop, Cape May, N.J. ","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., 2000, Combining information from monitoring programs: Complications associated with indices and geographic scale, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 124-126.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"124","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae778","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507435,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507436,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507434,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5211030,"text":"5211030 - 2000 - Problems of neonates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T13:01:55","indexId":"5211030","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Problems of neonates","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of Avian Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mosby","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","collaboration":"OCLC: 41388350","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., 2000, Problems of neonates, chap. of Manual of Avian Medicine, p. 213-227.","productDescription":"x, 622","startPage":"213","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65542e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5200250,"text":"5200250 - 2000 - Date guide to the occurrences of birds in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5200250","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Date guide to the occurrences of birds in Oklahoma","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Norman, OK","collaboration":"OCLC: 44521261","usgsCitation":"Arterburn, J., Carter, W., Clapp, R.B., Cox, J., Dole, J., Grzybowski, J., Loyd, M., Mays, L., Reinking, D., Tomer, J., and Verser, D., 2000, Date guide to the occurrences of birds in Oklahoma (3rd), 40.","productDescription":"40","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"3rd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arterburn, J.A.","contributorId":24063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arterburn","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, W.A.","contributorId":55555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, J.A.","contributorId":30725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dole, J.M.","contributorId":12153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dole","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grzybowski, J.A.","contributorId":40703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grzybowski","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loyd, M.J.","contributorId":106232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loyd","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mays, L.P.","contributorId":8586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mays","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reinking, D.L.","contributorId":26655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinking","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tomer, J.S.","contributorId":31873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Verser, D.W.","contributorId":31874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verser","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":5200239,"text":"5200239 - 2000 - Ecological status and conservation of tigers in India. Final Technical Report (February 1995 to January 2000)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5200239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Ecological status and conservation of tigers in India. Final Technical Report (February 1995 to January 2000)","language":"English","publisher":"Centre for Wildlife Studies","publisherLocation":"Bangalore, India","collaboration":"Final Technical Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of International Conservation, Washington, DC. and the Wildlife Conservation Society, New York. OCLC: 45786917","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K.U., and Nichols, J., 2000, Ecological status and conservation of tigers in India. Final Technical Report (February 1995 to January 2000), 124.","productDescription":"124","numberOfPages":"124","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fad81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, K. U.","contributorId":23645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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