Fifty-eight ground-water samples were collected and analyzed in 1998 by the U.S. Geological Survey\nand the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality to assess ground-water quality and to identify\nfactors affecting ground-water quality in the Upper Santa Cruz Basin. In addition, pre-existing groundwater\nquality data for six wells were analyzed to determine changes in the ground-water quality of the\nbasin over time.
\nTwenty-nine percent of the ground-water samples collected had concentrations of at least one\nconstituent that exceeded a Federal or State water-quality standard. The Maximum Contaminant Levels of\nthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the aquifer water-quality standards of the State of Arizona\nwere exceeded for arsenic, fluoride, and nitrite plus nitrate. The Secondary Maximum Contaminant\nLevels of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were exceeded for fluoride, iron, manganese, pH,\nsulfate, and dissolved solids.
\nGround-water quality in the basin is affected by natural factors and human activities. The natural\nfactors that have the most effect on ground-water quality in the basin are depth in the aquifer and distance\nfrom major faults. Ground-water temperatures and pH significantly increased with well depth (p≤0.05).\nConcentrations of dissolved solids, alkalinity, calcium, potassium, chloride, and sulfate were significantly\nhigher in samples collected from wells less than 2 kilometers from major faults than in samples from\nwells greater than 2 kilometers from major faults (p≤0.05). Previous studies have attributed this relation to\nthe upward migration through faults of ground water from gypsiferous mudstones. Ground-water quality\nwas not significantly different among the various basin-fill units; between parts of the basin fill that differ\nin thickness, lateral extent, and composition north and south of an inferred fault; or among areas that\ndiffer in distance from stream alluvium (p>0.05).
\nHuman activities have a substantial effect on ground-water quality in the basin. Ground water that\ncontained recent (post-1953) recharge from urban areas had significantly higher concentrations of nitrite\nplus nitrate than ground water that did not contain recent recharge from the land surface (p≤0.05). Ground\nwater that contained recent recharge from present agricultural areas had significantly higher concentrations\nof nitrite plus nitrate, calcium, and potassium than ground water that did not contain recent\nrecharge from the land surface (p≤0.05). Ground water that contained recent recharge from present\nagricultural areas also had significantly higher concentrations of calcium, potassium, alkalinity, and\ndissolved solids than ground water that contained recent recharge from urban areas (p≤0.05).
\nPre-existing ground-water quality data for\nsix wells indicated that from the 1980s to 1998,\nconcentrations of nitrite plus nitrate and dissolved\nsolids significantly increased at a well in an\nagricultural area, concentrations of nitrite plus\nnitrate significantly increased at a well where the\nland use had changed from rangeland to urban,\nand concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate and\ndissolved solids significantly decreased at a well in\nan urban area (p≤0.10). Constituents did not\nsignificantly increase or decrease from the 1980s\nto 1998 at an additional well in an agricultural\narea, at an additional well where the land use had\nchanged from rangeland to urban, and at a well\nwhere the land use had changed from agricultural\nto urban (p≤0.10).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri004117","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Coes, A., Gellenbeck, D., Towne, D.C., and Freark, M.C., 2000, Ground-water quality in the upper Santa Cruz Basin, Arizona, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4117, ix, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004117.","productDescription":"ix, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288391,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4117/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper Santa Cruz Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.125,31.5 ], [ -111.125,32.5 ], [ -110.625,32.5 ], [ -110.625,31.5 ], [ -111.125,31.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4994e4b07f02db5b5f9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coes, Alissa 0000-0001-6682-5417","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-5417","contributorId":28275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coes","given":"Alissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gellenbeck, Dorinda J.","contributorId":13228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellenbeck","given":"Dorinda J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Towne, Douglas C.","contributorId":100887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Towne","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freark, Maureen C.","contributorId":72827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freark","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":24607,"text":"ofr00355 - 2000 - Recovery of perennial vegetation in military target sites in the eastern Mohave Desert, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T13:41:16.683736","indexId":"ofr00355","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-355","title":"Recovery of perennial vegetation in military target sites in the eastern Mohave Desert, Arizona","docAbstract":"The effect of the age of geomorphic surfaces on the recovery of desert vegetation in military target sites was studied in the Mohave and Cerbat Mountains of northwestern Arizona. The target sites were cleared of all vegetation during military exercises in 1942-1943 and have not been subsequently disturbed. The degree of recovery was measured by calculating percentage-similarity (PS) and correlation-coefficient indices on the basis of differences in cover, density, and volume of species growing in and out of each target site. PS values, ranging from 22.7 to 95.1 percent (100 percent = identical composition), indicate a wide range of recovery that is partially controlled by the edaphic properties of the geomorphic surfaces. Statistical analyses show a strong pattern that indicates a greater variability in the degree of recovery for sites on older surfaces than on younger surfaces and a weak pattern that indicates an inverse relation between the degree of recovery and geomorphic age. Comparisons of the different effects of target site construction on the edaphic characteristics of each target site provides an explanation for these patterns and suggests the soil properties critical to the recovery process. Statistically significant negative or positive response to disturbance for most species are independent of the age of the geomorphic surfaces; however, there is strong evidence for a shift in response for the common perennial species Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus, and to a lesser extent, Salazaria mexicana, Encelia farinosa, and Coldenia canescens, among different geomorphic surfaces.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00355","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Steiger, J.W., and Webb, R., 2000, Recovery of perennial vegetation in military target sites in the eastern Mohave Desert, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-355, i, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00355.","productDescription":"i, 28 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1887,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0355/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0355/pdf/of00-355.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9789,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,34.1607 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63540c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steiger, John W.","contributorId":19196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":192242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26269,"text":"wri004118 - 2000 - Occurrence of pesticides in streams and ground water in the Puget Sound basin, Washington, and British Columbia, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"wri004118","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4118","title":"Occurrence of pesticides in streams and ground water in the Puget Sound basin, Washington, and British Columbia, 1996-98","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004118","usgsCitation":"Bortleson, G.C., and Ebbert, J., 2000, Occurrence of pesticides in streams and ground water in the Puget Sound basin, Washington, and British Columbia, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4118, iv, 14 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004118.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95590,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4118/report.pdf","size":"3077","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4118/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bortleson, Gilbert Carl","contributorId":7253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortleson","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29513,"text":"wri004106 - 2000 - Ground-water quality in alluvial aquifers in the eastern Iowa basins, Iowa and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T14:21:07","indexId":"wri004106","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4106","title":"Ground-water quality in alluvial aquifers in the eastern Iowa basins, Iowa and Minnesota","docAbstract":"The quality of shallow alluvial ground water that is used for domestic supplies in the Wapsipinicon, Cedar, Iowa, and Skunk River Basins (Eastern Iowa Basins) is described. Water samples from 32 domestic-supply wells were collected from June through July 1998. This study of ground-water quality in alluvial aquifers in the Eastern Iowa Basins is part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program.
\nCalcium and bicarbonate were the dominant ions in solution, likely derived from the dissolution of carbonate minerals in the alluvial aquifer material. Concentrations of iron exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (300 micrograms per liter) for drinking water in 53 percent of the samples, and 50 percent of the samples exceeded the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for manganese (50 micrograms per liter). pH and alkalinity increased and sulfate concentrations decreased with increasing well depth.
\nNitrite plus nitrate nitrogen was detected in 53 percent of the samples and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 milligrams per liter for drinking water in 13 percent of the samples. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations were negatively correlated with well depth and positively correlated with percentage of oxygen saturation. Ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations were positively correlated with well depth, and ratios of nitrite plus nitrate to ammonia were positively correlated with percentage of oxygen saturation.
\nThe majority of samples, 72 percent, contained water recharged since the early 1950's. The recharge date of water was earlier in deeper wells. Nitrite plus nitrate and total pesticide concentrations were greater in more recently recharged water.
\nEight pesticides and eight pesticide metabolites were detected in ground-water samples. Atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide, and metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid was the most commonly detected metabolite. No pesticide detections exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water Maximum Contaminant Levels.
\nThe effects of land use on ground-water quality also were examined. There was a positive correlation between percentage of land used for soybean production and concentrations of metolachlor, metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid, and metolachlor oxanilic acid in ground-water samples.
Data from this study and from previous studies in the Eastern Iowa Basins were compared statistically by well type (domestic, municipal, and monitoring wells). Well depths were significantly greater in domestic and municipal wells than in monitoring wells. pH, calcium, sulfate, chloride, and atrazine concentrations were significantly higher in municipal-well samples than in domestic-well samples. pH and sulfate concentrations were significantly higher in municipal-well samples than in monitoring-well samples. Ammonia was significantly higher in domestic-well samples than in monitoring-well samples, chloride was significantly higher in monitoring-well samples than in domestic-well samples, and fluoride was significantly higher in domestic-well samples than in municipal-well samples.
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Previous Studies
Description of Study Unit
Acknowledgments
Study Design and Methods
Well Selection
Sample Collection
Water-Quality Analysis
Quality Assurance
Statistical Analysis
Land-Use Classification
Ground-Water Quality
Physical Properties
Major Ions and Trace Metals
Nutrients and Dissolved Organic Carbon
Tritium
Radon
Pesticides and Pesticide Metabolites
Volatile Organic Compounds
Relations Between Ground-Water Quality and Land Use
Relations Between Ground-Water Quality and Type of Well Sampled
Summary
References
Supplemental Information
This report summarizes results of a visit by the report authors to Marinduque Island, Philippines, in May 2000. The purpose of the visit was to conduct a preliminary examination of environmental problems created by a 1996 tailings spill from the Marcopper open-pit copper mine. The mine was operated from 1969-1996 by Macropper Mining Corperation, under 39.9% ownership, and design and management control of Placer Dome, Inc. Our trip expenses to and from the Philippines were funded by the USGS. In-country expenses were paid by the offices of Congressman Reyes and the Governor of Marinduque, Carmencita O. Reyes. This report includes observations we made based on our relatively short visit to the island, and observations based upon a preliminary review of the literature available on the islanda??s mining-environmental issues. In addition, we have included preliminary interpretations and analytical results of some water, sediment, and mine waste samples collected during our trip. We also highlight the environmental and human health issues we fell are in need of further study and consideration for mitigation or remediation. This report is preliminary and is not intended to be a comprehensive or final review of the islanda??s mining-environmental issues; many areas of further study are clearly neededa?|
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000397","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Morton, R., Boyle, T., Medlin, J.H., and Centeno, J.A., 2000, An overview of mining-related environmental and human health issues, Marinduque Island, Philippines: observations from a joint U.S. Geological Survey - Armed Forces Institute of Pathology reconnaissance field evaluation, May 12-19, 2000 (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-397, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000397.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1177,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0397/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":320151,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0397/ofr-00-0397.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68415f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, Terence P.","contributorId":85214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Terence P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Medlin, Jack H. jmedlin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medlin","given":"Jack","email":"jmedlin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":186609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Centeno, Jose A.","contributorId":107724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":23095,"text":"ofr00405 - 2000 - Cruise report R/V Surf Surveyor cruise S1-00-CL, mapping the bathymetry of Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-14T19:07:41.162141","indexId":"ofr00405","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-405","title":"Cruise report R/V Surf Surveyor cruise S1-00-CL, mapping the bathymetry of Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"During the Spring of 1999, the US Geological Survey (USGS) Pacific Seafloor Mapping Project (PSMP) was contacted by the US National Park Service Crater Lake National Park (CLNP) to inquire about the plausibility of producing a high-resolution multibeam bathymetric map of Crater Lake. The purpose was to generate a much higher-resolution and more geographically accurate bathymetric map than was produced in 1959, the last time the lake had been surveyed. Scientific interest in various aspects of Crater Lake (aquatic biology, geochemistry, volcanic processes, etc.) has increased during the past decade but the basemap of bathymetry was woefully inadequate. Funds were gathered during the early part of 2000 and the mapping began in late July, 2000. Crater Lake (see fig. 1 in report) is located in south central Oregon (see fig. 2 in report) within the Cascades Range, a chain of volcanoes that stretches from northern California to southern British Columbia. Crater Lake is the collapsed caldera of Mt. Mazama from a climatic eruption about 7700-yr ago (Nelson et al., 1988; Bacon and Lanphere, 1990; Bacon et al., 1997).\n\nThe floor of Crater Lake has only been mapped three times since the lake was first stumbled upon by gold prospectors in the 1853. The first survey was carried by out by William G. Steel during a joint USGS-US Army expedition under the direction of Maj. Clarence E. Dutton in 1886 (Dutton, 1889). Steel�s mapping survey collected 186 soundings using a Millers lead-line sounding machine (see fig.3 in report). The resulting map (see fig.4 in report) shows only soundings and no attempts were made to generate contours. The second survey, conducted in 1959 by the US Coast and Geodetic Survey, mapped the bathymetry of Crater Lake with an acoustic echo sounder using radar navigation and collected 4000 soundings. The data were contoured by Williams (1961) and Byrne (1962) and the result is a fairly detailed map of the large-scale features of Crater Lake (see fig. 5 in report). The third mapping survey, the one of this report, was a joint USGS-NPS project carried out under a Cooperative Agreement with the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire. The 2000 survey used a Kongsberg Simrad EM1002 high-resolution multibeam mapping system owned and operated by C&C Technologies, Inc. of Lafayette, LA.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00405","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., Mayer, L.A., and Buktenica, M.W., 2000, Cruise report R/V Surf Surveyor cruise S1-00-CL, mapping the bathymetry of Crater Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-405, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00405.","productDescription":"32 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281868,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0405/pdf/of00-405.pdf"},{"id":156003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1511,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, Larry A.","contributorId":69583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buktenica, Mark W.","contributorId":47817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buktenica","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24256,"text":"ofr00512 - 2000 - The lasting effects of tank maneuvers on desert soils and intershrub flora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T10:20:05","indexId":"ofr00512","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-512","title":"The lasting effects of tank maneuvers on desert soils and intershrub flora","docAbstract":"Mojave Desert soils and intershrub flora sustained lasting disturbances during military training maneuvers initiated by General George Patton, Jr. in the 1940s, and during Operation Desert Strike in 1964. At six sites, mean desert pavement clast size was significantly smaller by 15% to 50% in single tank tracks compared to undisturbed surfaces. The finer-grained tracks yielded significantly higher surface reflectance values at two of three sites. At one site, Patton era tank tracks cross centuries-old \"intaglios\" and there was no significant difference in clast size between the disturbances. Full recovery of pavement surfaces may require a change in climate since pavements formed in Pleistocene times under climatic conditions that no longer exist. Tank tracks of both ages exhibited significant levels of soil compaction, as indicated by penetrometer resistance values that were 51% to 120% greater than those in undisturbed soils to 0.3 m depth. Soil bulk density in tracks was 4% to 6% higher than in undisturbed soils. Soil compaction lowered infiltration rates in tank tracks by 24% to 55% in comparison to undisturbed soils. Compaction has prevented the intershrub flora from recovering in tank tracks. Annual and herbaceous perennial plant density was higher by 13% to 56% in tank tracks than in undisturbed soils, but compaction has restricted the growth of individual plants. This was reflected in plant cover values, which were 3% to 16% lower in tank tracks than in undisturbed soils. Soil compaction also altered the species composition. Species with long taproots, such as Chaenactis fremontii, were reduced in density and cover in tank tracks, whereas grass species with shallow, fibrous root systems had large density increases in tracks. Another important element of the intershrub flora, cryptobiotic crust, exhibited a low rate of recovery from the impact of tank travel at one site. The cover of the most well-developed component of the crusts, growing on delicate soil pedicels in undisturbed soils, was reduced by 50% in tank tracks because of destruction and compaction of the uppermost soil layers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00512","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Prose, D.V., and Wilshire, H.G., 2000, The lasting effects of tank maneuvers on desert soils and intershrub flora: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-512, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00512.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":555,"text":"Soil Biogeochemistry Group","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00512.jpg"},{"id":1639,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0512/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281997,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0512/pdf/of00-512.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,32.0 ], [ -117.0,36.0 ], [ -113.0,36.0 ], [ -113.0,32.0 ], [ -117.0,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64b075","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prose, Douglas V.","contributorId":72019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prose","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilshire, Howard G.","contributorId":68346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilshire","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32343,"text":"ofr0072 - 2000 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer, west-central Florida, May 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:10","indexId":"ofr0072","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-72","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer, west-central Florida, May 1999","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0072","usgsCitation":"Duerr, A.D., and Torres, A.E., 2000, Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer, west-central Florida, May 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-72, 1 map ; 72 x 69 cm., folded to 22 x 26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0072.","productDescription":"1 map ; 72 x 69 cm., folded to 22 x 26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":60354,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0072/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682c1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duerr, A. D.","contributorId":29821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duerr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torres, Arturo E. aetorres@usgs.gov","contributorId":1397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"Arturo","email":"aetorres@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":208314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23467,"text":"ofr00379 - 2000 - A filter circuit board for the Earthworm Seismic Data Acquisition System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T14:35:26","indexId":"ofr00379","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-379","title":"A filter circuit board for the Earthworm Seismic Data Acquisition System","docAbstract":"The Earthworm system is a seismic network data acquisition and processing system used by the Northern California Seismic Network as well as many other seismic networks. The input to the system is comprised of many realtime electronic waveforms fed to a multi-channel digitizer on a PC platform. The digitizer consists of one or more National Instruments Corp. AMUX–64T multiplexer boards attached to an A/D converter board located in the computer. Originally, passive filters were installed on the multiplexers to eliminate electronic noise picked up in cabling. It was later discovered that a small amount of crosstalk occurred between successive channels in the digitizing sequence. Though small, this crosstalk will cause what appear to be small earthquake arrivals at the wrong time on some channels. This can result in erroneous calculation of earthquake arrival times, particularly by automated algorithms. To deal with this problem, an Earthworm filter board was developed to provide the needed filtering while eliminating crosstalk. This report describes the tests performed to find a suitable solution, and the design of the circuit board. Also included are all the details needed to build and install this board in an Earthworm system or any other system using the AMUX–64T board. Available below is the report in PDF format as well as an archive file containing the circuit board manufacturing information.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00379","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Jensen, E., 2000, A filter circuit board for the Earthworm Seismic Data Acquisition System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-379, Report: 17 p.; Archive file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00379.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; Archive file","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1789,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0379/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00379.png"},{"id":281853,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0379/pdf/of00-379.pdf"},{"id":281854,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0379/EWFilter.exe"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jensen, Edward Gray","contributorId":37372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Edward Gray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24430,"text":"ofr00365 - 2000 - Eastern Aleutian volcanic arc digital model - version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr00365","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-365","title":"Eastern Aleutian volcanic arc digital model - version 1.0","docAbstract":"A 3-dimensional model (Figure 1) of the interaction of oceanic and continental tectonic plates along the eastern portion of the Aleutian volcanic arc helps in the visualization of basic tectonic, geodetic, and geophysical data in this active plate boundary region. The model is constrained by topographic, bathymetric, and seismic data and by the principle of isostasy. Examination of free-air gravity anomalies over the region indicates where the flexural strength of the down-going oceanic slab disturbs local isostatic balance and where low-density sediments have accumulated in the trench and forearc regions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00365","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., and Barnett, A., 2000, Eastern Aleutian volcanic arc digital model - version 1.0 (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-365, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00365.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1775,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0365/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62874d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnett, Adrienne","contributorId":16820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"Adrienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21793,"text":"ofr00244 - 2000 - Geochemical and isotopic data from streambed sediment, Animas River watershed, Colorado, 1995-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T12:44:13","indexId":"ofr00244","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-244","title":"Geochemical and isotopic data from streambed sediment, Animas River watershed, Colorado, 1995-1999","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00244","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Fey, D., Unruh, D., Vaughn, R.B., and Taggart, J., 2000, Geochemical and isotopic data from streambed sediment, Animas River watershed, Colorado, 1995-1999 (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-244, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00244.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1217,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":308212,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/OFR-00-0244.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":308213,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table1.xls","text":"Table 1","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":308214,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table2.xls","text":"Table 2","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":308215,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table3.xls","text":"Table 3","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":308216,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table4.xls","text":"Table 4","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":308217,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table5.xls","text":"Table 5","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":308218,"rank":9,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table6.xls","text":"Table 6","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":308220,"rank":11,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table8.xls","text":"Table 8","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":308221,"rank":12,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table9.xls","text":"Table 9","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":308219,"rank":10,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table7.xls","text":"Table 7","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":308222,"rank":13,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table10.xls","text":"Table 10","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":308223,"rank":14,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0244/Table11.xls","text":"Table 11","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db53074f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fey, D.L.","contributorId":44537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unruh, D.M.","contributorId":8498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughn, R. B.","contributorId":27043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taggart, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":51301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":22063,"text":"ofr00490 - 2000 - Principal facts for gravity data collected in the southern Albuquerque Basin area and a regional compilation, central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr00490","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-490","title":"Principal facts for gravity data collected in the southern Albuquerque Basin area and a regional compilation, central New Mexico","docAbstract":"Principal facts for 156 new gravity stations in the southern Albuquerque basin are\r\npresented. These data fill a gap in existing data coverage. The compilation of the new data and\r\ntwo existing data sets into a regional data set of 5562 stations that cover the Albuquerque basin\r\nand vicinity is also described. 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Because insufficient surface-water supplies are available to meet the growing demand, ground-water pumpage has increased and the resulting water-level declines have raised concern that this water resource may become overstressed. One particular concern is whether the larger ground-water basins within the county function as large individual basins or whether subsurface structures divide these large basins into smaller subbasins, as differences in ground-water-level data suggest. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is used in locating land-surface displacement, which may indicate subsurface structures in ground-water basins by determining seasonal and historical land-surface changes. Owing to the high spatial detail of InSAR imagery, the InSAR-derived displacement maps can be used with ground-water-level data to reveal differential aquifer-system compaction related to the presence of geological structures or the distribution of compressible sediments that may define subbasin boundaries. This report describes InSAR displacement maps of the Paso Robles area of San Luis Obispo County and compares them to maps of seasonal changes in ground-water levels to detect the presence of aquifer-system compaction.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr00447A","usgsCitation":"Valentine, D., Densmore, J., Galloway, D., and Amelung, F., 2000, Use of InSAR to identify land-surface displacements caused by aquifer-system compaction in the Paso Robles area, San Luis Obispo County, California, March to August 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-447, One CD-ROM., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00447A.","productDescription":"One CD-ROM.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2726,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr00-447/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, D.W.","contributorId":97157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, J.N. 0000-0002-5345-6613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":100882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"J.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, D. 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Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, David R.","contributorId":75510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21711,"text":"ofr00262 - 2000 - Data from a thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek washes in the western part of the Mojave Desert, near Victorville, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T06:54:34","indexId":"ofr00262","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-262","title":"Data from a thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek washes in the western part of the Mojave Desert, near Victorville, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"This report presents data on the physical properties of unsaturated alluvial deposits and on the chemical and isotopic composition of soil water and soil gas collected at 12 monitoring sites in the western part of the Mojave Desert, near Victorville, California. Sites were installed using the ODEX air-hammer method. Seven sites were located in the active channels of Oro Grande and Sheep Creek Washes. The remaining five sites were located away from the active washes. Most sites were drilled to a depth of about 100 feet below land surface; two sites were drilled to the water table almost 650 feet below land surface. Drilling procedures, lithologic and geophysical data, and site construction and instrumentation are described. Core material was analyzed for water content, bulk density, water potential, particle size, and water retention. The chemical composition of leachate from almost 1,000 subsamples of cores and cuttings was determined. Water extracted from selected subsamples of cores was analyzed for tritium and the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen. Water from suction-cup lysimeters and soil-gas samples also were analyzed for chemical and isotopic composition. In addition, data on the chemical and isotopic composition of bulk precipitation from five sites and on ground water from two water-table wells are reported.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00262","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Clark, D.A., Pimental, M.I., Land, M., Radyk, J.C., and Michel, R.L., 2000, Data from a thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek washes in the western part of the Mojave Desert, near Victorville, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-262, v, 133 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00262.","productDescription":"v, 133 p. 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