{"pageNumber":"318","pageRowStart":"7925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":25708,"text":"wri914066 - 1991 - Plan of study for the regional aquifer-system analysis of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces of the eastern and southeastern United States, with a description of study-area geology and hydrogeology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"wri914066","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4066","title":"Plan of study for the regional aquifer-system analysis of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces of the eastern and southeastern United States, with a description of study-area geology and hydrogeology","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914066","usgsCitation":"Swain, L., Hollyday, E., Daniel, C.C., and Zapecza, O., 1991, Plan of study for the regional aquifer-system analysis of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces of the eastern and southeastern United States, with a description of study-area geology and hydrogeology: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4066, v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914066.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4066/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54468,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, L.A.","contributorId":11249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hollyday, E. F.","contributorId":95062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollyday","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daniel, C. C. III","contributorId":71953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zapecza, O. S.","contributorId":22787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zapecza","given":"O. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70221644,"text":"70221644 - 1991 - Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Sedimentation in the Potomac River Valley, Virginia and Maryland: field trip guidebook","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70221645,"text":"70221645 - 1991 - Potomac River Paleocene and Eocene stop descriptions","indexId":"70221645","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Potomac River Paleocene and Eocene stop descriptions"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70221644,"text":"70221644 - 1991 - Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Sedimentation in the Potomac River Valley, Virginia and Maryland: field trip guidebook","indexId":"70221644","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Sedimentation in the Potomac River Valley, Virginia and Maryland: field trip guidebook"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70221646,"text":"70221646 - 1991 - Calcareous nannofossils and foraminifers from Paleocene and Eocene strata in Maryland and Virginia","indexId":"70221646","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Calcareous nannofossils and foraminifers from Paleocene and Eocene strata in Maryland and Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70221644,"text":"70221644 - 1991 - Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Sedimentation in the Potomac River Valley, Virginia and Maryland: field trip guidebook","indexId":"70221644","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Sedimentation in the Potomac River Valley, Virginia and Maryland: field trip guidebook"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70221647,"text":"70221647 - 1991 - Paleocene and Eocene strata of the central Atlantic Coastal Plain","indexId":"70221647","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Paleocene and Eocene strata of the central Atlantic Coastal Plain"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70221644,"text":"70221644 - 1991 - Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Sedimentation in the Potomac River Valley, Virginia and Maryland: field trip guidebook","indexId":"70221644","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Sedimentation in the Potomac River Valley, Virginia and Maryland: field trip guidebook"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-26T02:28:19.882131","indexId":"70221644","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T21:16:38","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Sedimentation in the Potomac River Valley, Virginia and Maryland: field trip guidebook","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., Bybell, L.M., and I. 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Project 308, 1991, Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Sedimentation in the Potomac River Valley, Virginia and Maryland: field trip guidebook, 124 p.","productDescription":"124 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomic River valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.95373535156249,\n              38.436379603\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.88232421875,\n              38.90813299596705\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.728271484375,\n              39.57605638518604\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.816162109375,\n              39.68605343225986\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.24462890625,\n              39.60145584096999\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.92053222656249,\n              38.96795115401593\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6348876953125,\n              38.371808917147554\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0745849609375,\n              38.25974980039479\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.95373535156249,\n              38.436379603\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"I. G. C. P. Project 308","contributorId":260651,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"I. G. C. P. Project 308","id":818334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70204884,"text":"70204884 - 1991 - Effects of site, landscape features, and fire regime on vegetation patterns in presettlement southern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-21T12:04:54","indexId":"70204884","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T11:55:11","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of site, landscape features, and fire regime on vegetation patterns in presettlement southern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p><span>The presettlement tree cover (1831–33) of 3 townships in a southern Wisconsin landscape was analyzed using original survey records. Four forest types were identified: closed forest, open forest, savanna, and prairie. Comparisons of vegetation types and landscape pattern were made between the east and west sides of the Pecatonica River, which bisects the landscape and could have acted as a natural fire barrier. West of the river, presettlement tree species richness and diversity were lower and trees were smaller in diameter and less dense than to the east. The major vegetation types to the west were prairie (42% of landscape) and savanna (40%), both fire-susceptible types. Prairie was more common on gentle slopes than on other landforms. To the east, the landscape was 70% forested (closed plus open forest). Here, prairie was more frequent on steep dry sites. These vegetation differences, including the contrasting landscape placement of prairie, are attributed to distinct site characteristics and to disturbance (fire) regimes, with the west likely having more frequent fires. In terms of the four vegetation types, the east landscape was more homogeneous, being dominated by closed forest (50%). West of the Pecatonica River, the landscape was more heterogeneous because of the high proportion of both prairie and savanna; however, in terms of flammability of vegetation, the west was essentially homogeneous (82% prairie plus savanna).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00141435","usgsCitation":"Leitner, L.A., Dunn, C.P., Guntenspergen, G.R., Stearns, F., and Sharpe, D.M., 1991, Effects of site, landscape features, and fire regime on vegetation patterns in presettlement southern Wisconsin: Landscape Ecology, v. 5, no. 4, p. 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00141435.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"217","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wiscsonsin","otherGeospatial":"Cadiz Township, Claro Township, Wayne Township","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.00858306884766,\n              42.5060214696839\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.7531509399414,\n              42.5060214696839\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.7531509399414,\n              42.589488572714245\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.00858306884766,\n              42.589488572714245\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.00858306884766,\n              42.5060214696839\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leitner, Lawrence A.","contributorId":218280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leitner","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunn, Christopher P.","contributorId":30924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stearns, F.","contributorId":10518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stearns","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sharpe, David M.","contributorId":113862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70221671,"text":"70221671 - 1991 - Geologic map of the Adelphia and Farmingdale quadrangles, Monmouth and Ocean Counties, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-28T16:00:05.716984","indexId":"70221671","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T10:23:11","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8942,"text":"New Jersey Geological Survey Map Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"91-1","title":"Geologic map of the Adelphia and Farmingdale quadrangles, Monmouth and Ocean Counties, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New Jersey Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sugarman, P.J., Owens, J., and Bybell, L.M., 1991, Geologic map of the Adelphia and Farmingdale quadrangles, Monmouth and Ocean Counties, New Jersey: New Jersey Geological Survey Map Series 91-1, 1 Map: 56.34 x 36.22 inches.","productDescription":"1 Map: 56.34 x 36.22 inches","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Monmouth County, Ocean County","otherGeospatial":"Aldelphia and Farmingdale Quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.375,\n              40.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.125,\n              40.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.125,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.375,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.375,\n              40.125\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sugarman, Peter J.","contributorId":9251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, James P.","contributorId":9691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70231296,"text":"70231296 - 1991 - The second Lehigh Tunnel; geology and the New Austrian Tunnelling Method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-05T15:17:35.49127","indexId":"70231296","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T09:57:41","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3029,"text":"Pennsylvania Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The second Lehigh Tunnel; geology and the New Austrian Tunnelling Method","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., and Buis, P.F., 1991, The second Lehigh Tunnel; geology and the New Austrian Tunnelling Method: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 2-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dcnr.pa.gov/Geology/PublicationsAnddata/Pages/default.aspx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"second Lehigh Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.6909942626953,\n              40.78210123234386\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.66061019897461,\n              40.78210123234386\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.66061019897461,\n              40.832774806200796\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6909942626953,\n              40.832774806200796\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6909942626953,\n              40.78210123234386\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buis, Patricia F.","contributorId":291390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buis","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196847,"text":"70196847 - 1991 - E-4 Central Kentucky to the Carolina Trough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-04T11:17:13","indexId":"70196847","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"E-4 Central Kentucky to the Carolina Trough","docAbstract":"<p><span>E-4 is one of eight Geodynamics transects that cross the Atlantic margin of North America between Georgia and Newfoundland. Five of the transects are in the United States and three are in Canada. Transect E-4, which is 110 km wide and more than 1,100 km long, extends from the stable North American craton just west of the Grenville front near Lexington, Kentucky southeastward across Cape Fear, North Carolina, on the Atlantic coast to oceanic crust east of the Blake Spur magnetic anomaly. Like all of the other U.S. Atlantic coast transects, it crosses Cambrian and Jurassic continental margins of North America as well as the Appalachian orogen. The display, based upon published information, portrays the geology, tectonic style and geophysical expression of this segment of the eastern North American continental margin and interprets its Phanerozoic history. The Decade of North American Geology 1983 geologic time scale (Palmer, 1983) is used throughout the display and text.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/DNAG-COT-E-4","usgsCitation":"Rankin, D., Dillon, W.P., Black, D., Boyer, S., Daniels, D.L., Goldsmith, R., Grow, J.A., Horton, J.W., Hutchinson, D.R., Klitgord, K.D., McDowell, R., Milton, D., Owens, J.P., Phillips, J.D., Bayer, K., Butler, J.R., Elliott, D., and Milici, R.C., 1991, E-4 Central Kentucky to the Carolina Trough, https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-COT-E-4.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2a49e4b0da30c1bfd7c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankin, Douglas W. dwrankin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Douglas W.","email":"dwrankin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":734693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, D.F.B.","contributorId":95939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"D.F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyer, S.E.","contributorId":204689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goldsmith, R.","contributorId":49809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grow, J. A.","contributorId":27858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":173694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McDowell, R. C.","contributorId":30206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Owens, J. P.","contributorId":50946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Bayer, K.C.","contributorId":45714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Butler, John R.","contributorId":36540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Elliott, D.W.","contributorId":204691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Milici, Robert C. rmilici@usgs.gov","contributorId":563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"Robert","email":"rmilici@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70196628,"text":"70196628 - 1991 - Depositional patterns of the Mississippi Fan surface: Evidence from GLORIA II and high-resolution seismic profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-20T14:12:37","indexId":"70196628","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Depositional patterns of the Mississippi Fan surface: Evidence from GLORIA II and high-resolution seismic profiles","docAbstract":"<p><span>GLORIA long-range side-scan sonar imagery and 3.5-kHz seismic-reflection profiles depict a series of nine elongate deposits with generally high-backscatter surfaces covering most of the latest fanlobe sequence of the Mississippi Fan in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The youngest deposit is a “slump” that covers a 250 by 100 km area of the middle and upper fan. The remaining mapped deposits, termed depositional lobes, are long (as much as 200 km) and relatively thin (less than 35 m thick) bodies. Small channels and lineations on the surface of many of these depositional lobes radiate from a single, larger main channel that is the conduit through which sediment has been supplied to these surficial deposits on the fan. The 3.5-kHz profiles show that adjacent depositional lobes overlap one another rather than interfingering, indicating that only one lobe was an active site of deposition at a time. Shifting of the depositional sites appears to be caused by both aggradation and avulsion. The chronology developed from the overlapping relations indicates the oldest of the mapped depositional lobes are on the lowermost fan, and the youngest are further up the fan. Depositional lobes on the lower fan consist of a series of smaller, elongate features with high-backscatter surfaces (540 km in length) located at the ends of previously unrecognized small channels (&lt; 5 m deep). These small channels extend as much as 120 km from the main channel. Small channelized turbidity currents and/or debris flows, sand flows, or mud flows appear to be the dominant transport process constructing these depositional lobes. Channelized flow is an important mechanism for transporting sediment away from the main channel on this fan and the resulting facies created by these small flows are laterally discontinuous.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4684-8276-8_19","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., Kenyon, N.H., Parson, L.M., and McGregor, B.A., 1991, Depositional patterns of the Mississippi Fan surface: Evidence from GLORIA II and high-resolution seismic profiles, p. 349-363, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8276-8_19.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"363","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Fan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.8896484375,\n              28.013801376380712\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.242431640625,\n              28.013801376380712\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.242431640625,\n              31.475524020001806\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8896484375,\n              31.475524020001806\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8896484375,\n              28.013801376380712\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2a4ae4b0da30c1bfd7ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":733814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parson, Lindsay M.","contributorId":194540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parson","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGregor, Bonnie A.","contributorId":61022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGregor","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207095,"text":"70207095 - 1991 - The velocity field along the San Andreas Fault in central and southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T14:49:51.772546","indexId":"70207095","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-06T08:50:19","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The velocity field along the San Andreas Fault in central and southern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The velocity field within a 100‐km‐broad zone centered on the San Andreas fault between the Mexican border and San Francisco Bay has been inferred from repeated surveys of trilateration networks in the 1973–1989 interval. The velocity field has the appearance of a shear flow that remains parallel to the local strike of the fault even through such major deflections as the big bend of the San Andreas fault in the Transverse Ranges of southern California. Across‐strike profiles of the fault‐parallel component of velocity exhibit the expected sigmoidal shape, whereas across‐strike profiles of the fault‐normal component of velocity are flat and featureless. No significant convergence upon the fault is observed even along the big bend sector of the fault. Simple dislocation models can explain most of the features of the observed velocity field, but those explanations are not unique. About 35 mm/yr of relative plate motion is accounted for within the span of the trilateration networks. Geologic studies indicate that the secular slip rate on the San Andreas fault is about 35 mm/yr. The agreement between these two estimates implies that most of the strain accumulation is elastic and will be recovered in subsequent earthquakes. The relative motion observed across the San Andreas fault (35 mm/yr) plus that observed across the Eastern California shear zone (8 mm/yr) accounts for most (43 mm/yr) of the observed North America‐Pacific relative plate motion (47 mm/yr).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB00199","usgsCitation":"Lisowski, M., Savage, J.C., and Prescott, W., 1991, The velocity field along the San Andreas Fault in central and southern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 96, no. B5, p. 8369-8389, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB00199.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"8369","endPage":"8389","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              32.2313896627376\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.115234375,\n              32.2313896627376\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.115234375,\n              35.71083783530009\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              35.71083783530009\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              32.2313896627376\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206856,"text":"70206856 - 1991 - Late Devonian history of Michigan basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T14:05:22.926821","indexId":"70206856","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-26T12:43:20","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Devonian history of Michigan basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Upper Devonian sequence in the Michigan Basin is a westward extension of coeval cyclical facies of the Catskill deltaic complex in the Appalachian basin. Both basins and the intervening Findlay arch express the tectonic and sedimentational effects of foreland compression and isostatic compensation produced by the Acadian orogeny. The Late Devonian Michigan Basin formed as one of several local deeps within the long Eastern Interior seaway that separated the North American craton, backboned by the Transcontinental arch, on the west from the Old Red continent, Avalon terrane (microplate), and possibly northwest Africa on the east. Basin development began in the late Middle Devonian (late Givetian&nbsp;</span><i>varcus</i><span>&nbsp;Zone) with subsidence of a shallow-water carbonate platform formed by rocks of the Traverse Group. Subsidence was contemporaneous with Taghanic onlap of the North American craton. During subsidence, a thin transitional sequence of increasingly deeper water limestones separated by hardgrounds was deposited in the incipient Michigan Basin during the latest Givetian to earliest Frasnian&nbsp;</span><i>disparilis</i><span>&nbsp;to&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i><span>&nbsp;Zones. Deposition of this sequence culminated during the early Frasnian&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i><span>&nbsp;Zone with a calcareous mudstone bed at the top of the Squaw Bay Limestone. Subsidence was followed by a 12-m.y.-long Late Devonian episode of slow, hemipelagic, basinal sedimentation of organic black muds that formed the Antrim Shale, interrupted basinwide only by deposition of its prodeltaic Paxton Member. Westward, the basinal Antrim black muds intertongued with greenish gray, deltaic and prodeltaic muds of an eastward-prograding delta platform formed by the Ellsworth Shale. Basinal black shale deposition ceased in latest Devonian (late Famennian Lower&nbsp;</span><i>praesulcata</i><span>&nbsp;Zone) time, when the Bedford deltaic complex prograded westward, completely filling the Antrim Basin and even covering part of the older Ellsworth deltaic complex on the west. As sea level was lowered eustatically near the end of the Devonian, the regressive Berea Sandstone terminated deltaic deposition. After an Early Mississippian erosional episode, widespread deposition of the unconformably overlying Lower Mississippian Sunbury Shale began during the next transgression, associated with a major eustatic rise in the Lower&nbsp;</span><i>crenulata</i><span>&nbsp;Zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE256-p181","usgsCitation":"Gutschick, R., and Sandberg, C., 1991, Late Devonian history of Michigan basin: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 256, p. 181-202, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE256-p181.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"256","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutschick, R.C.","contributorId":23277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutschick","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206857,"text":"70206857 - 1991 - Upper Devonian biostratigraphy of Michigan Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T14:11:07.770786","indexId":"70206857","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-25T12:48:30","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Devonian biostratigraphy of Michigan Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Late Devonian Michigan Basin was floored by the Middle and Upper Devonian Squaw Bay Limestone, which was deposited during the downwarping that produced the basin within a former Middle Devonian carbonate platform. The Squaw Bay comprises three beds, each having a different conodont fauna. The two upper beds, deposited during the&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i><span>&nbsp;Zone, have different conodont biofacies that reflect this deepening. The basin was largely filled by the deep-water, anaerobic to dysaerobic, organic-rich, black Antrim Shale, which has a facies relationship with the prodeltaic, greenish gray Ellsworth Shale that prograded into the basin from the west. The Upper Devonian (Frasnian to Famennian) Antrim Shale is divided into four members, from base to top: the Norwood, Paxton, Lachine, and upper members. These members are more or less precisely dated by conodonts. The Norwood was deposited during the&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i><span>&nbsp;Zone to&nbsp;</span><i>Ancyrognathus triangularis</i><span>&nbsp;Zone, and the Paxton was deposited from that zone probably through the&nbsp;</span><i>linguiformis</i><span>&nbsp;Zone at the end of the Frasnian. The overlying Lachine was deposited during the early Famennian and has yielded faunas of the Upper&nbsp;</span><i>crepida</i><span>&nbsp;and Lower&nbsp;</span><i>rhomboidea</i><span>&nbsp;Zones. Only the lower part of the upper member is exposed, and near Norwood, Michigan, it yielded conodonts of the Lower&nbsp;</span><i>marginifera</i><span>&nbsp;Zone. The widespread Famennian floating plant&nbsp;</span><i>Protosalvinia (Foerstia)</i><span>&nbsp;has not yet been found in outcrops of the Antrim, and should not be expected to occur except in the upper member or highest part of the Lachine Member. Its range in terms of conodont zones is from the Upper&nbsp;</span><i>trachytera</i><span>&nbsp;Zone through the Lower&nbsp;</span><i>expansa</i><span>&nbsp;Zone and possibly into the Middle&nbsp;</span><i>expansa</i><span>&nbsp;Zone. One known subsurface occurrence might be datable as&nbsp;</span><i>rhomboidea</i><span>&nbsp;or Lower&nbsp;</span><i>marginifera</i><span>&nbsp;Zone, depending on gamma ray correlations to outcrops. Black shale deposition ended when the Late Devonian mud delta of the Bedford Shale prograded across the Michigan Basin from the east and then retreated as the regressive Berea Sandstone was being deposited during the major eustatic sea-level fall that ended the Devonian. The Bedford was deposited during the Upper&nbsp;</span><i>expansa</i><span>&nbsp;to Lower&nbsp;</span><i>praesulcata</i><span>&nbsp;Zones, and the Berea was deposited during the Middle to Upper&nbsp;</span><i>praesulcata</i><span>&nbsp;Zones. Both formations contain the spore&nbsp;</span><i>Retispora lepidophyta,</i><span>&nbsp;which is a global indicator of latest Devonian age.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE256-p155","usgsCitation":"Gutschick, R., and Sandberg, C., 1991, Upper Devonian biostratigraphy of Michigan Basin: GSA Special Papers, v. 256, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE256-p155.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"179","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Michigan 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 \"}}]}","volume":"256","edition":"155","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutschick, R.C.","contributorId":23277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutschick","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70205993,"text":"70205993 - 1991 - The Loma Prieta earthquake, ground motion, and damage in Oakland, Treasure Island, and San Francisco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-24T23:38:57.36407","indexId":"70205993","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-01T14:38:06","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Loma Prieta earthquake, ground motion, and damage in Oakland, Treasure Island, and San Francisco","docAbstract":"<p>The basis of this study is the acceleration, velocity, and displacement wave-forms of the Loma Prieta earthquake (18 October 1989; M = 7.0) at two rock sites in San Francisco, a rock site on Yerba Buena Island, an artificial-fill site on Treasure Island, and three sites in Oakland underlain by thick sections of poorly consolidated Pleistocene sediments. The waveforms at the three rock sites display a strong coherence, as do the three sedimentary sites in Oakland. The duration of strong motion at the rock sites is very brief, suggestive of an unusually short source duration for an earthquake of this size, while the records in Oakland show strong amplification effects due to site geology. The&nbsp;<i>S</i>-wave group at Treasure Island is phase coherent with the Oakland records, but at somewhat diminished amplitudes, until the steps in acceleration at approximately 15 sec, apparently signaling the onset of liquefaction. All seven records clearly show shear-wave first motion opposite to that expected for the mainshock radiation pattern and peak amplitudes greater than expected for sites at these distances (95 ± 3 km) from an earthquake of this magnitude.</p><p>While the association between these ground motion records and related damage patterns in nearby areas has been easily and eagerly accepted by seismological and engineering observers of them, we have had some difficulty in making such relationships quantitative or even just clear. The three Oakland records, from sites that form a nearly equilateral triangle about the Cypress Street viaduct collapse, are dominated by a long-period resonance (≃ 1 1/2-sec period) far removed from the natural frequency of the structure to transverse motion (2.5 Hz) or from high-frequency amplification bands observed in aftershock studies. A spectral ratio arbiter of this discrepancy confuses it further. The failure of the East Bay crossing of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge cannot be attributed to relative displacements of the abutments in Oakland and Yerba Buena Island, but the motions of the Bay Bridge causing failure remain unknown. The steps in acceleration at Treasure Island present unusual strong-motion accelerogram processing problems, and modeling suggests that the velocity and displacement waveforms are contaminated by a spurious response of the filtering operations to the acceleration steps. A variety of coincidences suggests that the Treasure island accelerogram is the most likely strong-motion surrogate for the filled areas of the Marina District, for which no mainshock records are available, but the relative contributions of bad ground, poor construction and truly strong ground motion to damage in the Marina District will never by known in any quantitative way. The principal lesson of all of this is that until a concerted effort is mounted to instrument ground and structures that are likely to fail during earthquakes, our understanding of the very complex relationships between strong ground motion and earthquake damage will, in general, remain rudimentary, imprecise, and vague.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0810052019","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., and Brady, A.G., 1991, The Loma Prieta earthquake, ground motion, and damage in Oakland, Treasure Island, and San Francisco: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 81, no. 5, p. 2019-2047, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0810052019.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"2019","endPage":"2047","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Oakland, San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Treasure Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.49103546142578,\n              37.73081027834234\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2726821899414,\n              37.73081027834234\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2726821899414,\n              37.86509663749013\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49103546142578,\n              37.86509663749013\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49103546142578,\n              37.73081027834234\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, A. Gerald","contributorId":85959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70126917,"text":"70126917 - 1991 - Global warming and prairie wetlands: potential consequences for waterfowl habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T09:49:44","indexId":"70126917","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-01T09:29:53","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global warming and prairie wetlands: potential consequences for waterfowl habitat","docAbstract":"<p>The accumulation of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is expected to warm the earth's climate at an unprecedented rate (Ramanathan 1988, Schneider 1989).  If the climate models are correct, within 100 years the earth will not only be warmer than it has been during the past million years, but the change will have occurred more rapidly than any on record.  Many profound changes in the earth's environment are expected, including rising sea level, increasing aridity in continental interiors, and melting permafrost.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Ecosystems are expected to respond variously to a rapidly changing climate.  Tree ranges in eastern North American are expected to shift northward, and seed dispersal may not be adequate to maintain current diversity (Cohn 1989, Johnson and Webb 1989).  In coastal wetlands, rising sea level from melting icecaps and thermal expansion could flood salt-grass marshes and generally reduce the size and productivity of the intertidal zone (Peters and Darling 1985).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>As yet, little attention has been given to the possible effects of climatic warming on inland prairie wetland ecosystems.  These wetlands, located in the glaciated portion of the North American Great Plains (Figure 1), constitute the single most important breeding area for waterfowl on this continent (Hubbard 1988).  This region annually produces 50-80% of the continent's total duck production (Batt et al. 1989).  These marshes also support a variety of other wildlife, including many species of nongame birds, muskrat, and mink (Kantrud et al. 1989a).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Prairie wetlands are relatively shallow, water-holding depressions that vary in size, water permanence, and water chemistry.  Permanence types include temporary ponds (typically holding water for a few weeks in the springs), seasonal ponds (holding water from spring until early summer), semipermanent ponds (holding water throughout the growing season during most years), and large permanent lakes (Stewart and Kantrud 1971).  Refilling usually occurs in spring from precipitation and runoff from melting snow on frozen or saturated soils (Figure 2).  Annual water levels fluctuate widely due to climate variability in the Great Plains (Borchert 1950, Kantrud et al. 1989b).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Climate affects the quality of habitat for breeding waterfowl by controlling regional water conditions--water depth, areal extent, and length of wet/dry cycles (Cowardin et al. 1988)--and vegetation patterns such as the cover ration (the ratio of emergent plant cover to open water).  With increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate models project warmer and, in some cases, drier conditions for the northern Great Plains (Karl et al. 1991, Manabe and Wetherald 1986, Mitchell 1983, Rind and Lebedeff 1984).  In general, a warmer, drier climate could lower waterfowl production directly by increasing the frequency of dry basins and indirectly by producing less favorable cover rations (i.e., heavy emergent cover with few or no open-water areas).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The possibility of diminished waterfowl production in a greenhouse climate comes at a time when waterfowl numbers have sharply declined for other reasons (Johnson and Shaffer 1987).  Breeding habitat continues to be lost or altered by agriculture, grazing, burning, mowing, sedimentation, and drainage (Kantrud et al. 1989b).  For example, it has been estimated that 60% of the wetland area in North Dakota has been drained (Tiner 1984).  Pesticides entering wetlands from adjacent agricultural fields have been destructive to aquatic invertebrate populations and have significantly lowered duckling survival (Grue et al. 1988).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In this article, we discuss current understanding and projections of global warming; review wetland vegetation dynamics to establish the strong relationship among climate, wetland hydrology, vegetation patterns, and waterflow habitat; discuss the potential effects of a greenhouse warming on these relationships; and illustrate the potential effects of climate change on wetland habitat by using a simulation model.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The extent to which intensive management of the waterfowl resource will be needed in the future strongly depends on whether a changing climate exacerbates the current problem of waterfowl decline.  Should this occur, efforts outlined the recent North American Waterfowl Management Plan between the United States and Canada to reduce the current decline (Patterson and Nelson 1988) may need to be redoubled in coming years.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/1311698","usgsCitation":"Poiani, K.A., and Johnson, W., 1991, Global warming and prairie wetlands: potential consequences for waterfowl habitat: BioScience, v. 41, no. 9, p. 611-618, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311698.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294461,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311698"}],"volume":"41","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252eb5e4b0e641df8a6ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poiani, Karen A.","contributorId":57385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poiani","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W. Carter","contributorId":97237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W. Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200768,"text":"70200768 - 1991 - Crustal subsidence and extension and Medicine Lake volcano, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:16:20","indexId":"70200768","displayToPublicDate":"1991-09-10T09:15:52","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal subsidence and extension and Medicine Lake volcano, northern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The pattern of historical ground deformation, seismicity, and crustal structure near Medicine Lake volcano illustrates a close relation between magmatism and tectonism near the margin of the Cascade volcanic chain and the Basin and Range tectonic province. Between leveling surveys in 1954 and 1989 the summit of Medicine Lake volcano subsided 389±43 mm with respect to a reference bench mark 40 km to the southwest (average rate = 11.1±1.2 mm/yr). A smaller survey across the summit caldera in 1988 suggests that the subsidence rate was 15–28 mm/yr during 1988–1989. Swarms of shallow earthquakes (</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 4.6) occurred in the region during August 1978, January–February 1981, and September 1988. Except for the 1988 swarm, which occurred beneath Medicine Lake caldera, most historical earthquakes were located at least 25 km from the summit. The spatial relation between subsidence and seismicity indicates (1) radially symmetric downwarping of the volcano's summit and flanks centered near the caldera and (2) downfaulting of the entire edifice along regional faults located 25–30 km from the summit. We propose that contemporary subsidence, seismicity, and faulting are caused by (1) loading of the crust by more than 600 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of erupted products plus a large volume of mafic intrusives; (2) east‐west extension in the western Basin and Range province; and, to a lesser extent, (3) crystallization or withdrawal of magma beneath the volcano. Thermal weakening of the subvolcanic crust by mafic intrusions facilitates subsidence and influences the distribution of earthquakes. Subsidence occurs mainly by aseismic creep within 25 km of the summit, where the crust has been heated and weakened by intrusions, and by normal faulting during episodic earthquake swarms in surrounding, cooler terrain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB01452","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Evans, J.R., and Walter, S.R., 1991, Crustal subsidence and extension and Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 96, no. B10, p. 16319-16333, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB01452.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"16319","endPage":"16333","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Medicine Lake Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.74224853515625,\n              41.35413387210046\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74224853515625,\n              41.71700538790365\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.3385009765625,\n              41.71700538790365\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.3385009765625,\n              41.35413387210046\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74224853515625,\n              41.35413387210046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c11243ce4b034bf6a81deb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, John R. jevans1@usgs.gov","contributorId":621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jevans1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walter, Stephen R.","contributorId":34954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70138492,"text":"70138492 - 1991 - Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T14:35:52","indexId":"70138492","displayToPublicDate":"1991-09-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127","docAbstract":"<p>The relative effects of paleoceanographic and paleogeographic variations, sediment lithology, and diagenetic processes on the recorded rare earth element (REE) chemistry of Japan Sea sediments are evaluated by investigating REE total abundances and relative fractionations in 59 samples from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 127.</p>\n<p>REE total abundances (&Sigma;REE) in the Japan Sea are strongly dependent upon the paleoceanographic position of a given site with respect to terrigenous and biogenic sources. REE concentrations at Site 794 (Yamato Basin) overall correspond well to aluminosilicate chemical indices and are strongly diluted by SiO<sub>2</sub>within the late Miocene-Pliocene diatomaceous sequence. <i><strong>Eu/Eu*<strong></strong></strong></i> values at Site 794 reach a maximum through the diatomaceous interval as well, most likely suggesting an association of <i><strong>Eu/Eu*</strong></i> with the siliceous component, or reflecting slight incorporation of a detrital feldspar phase. &Sigma;REE at Site 795 (Japan Basin) also is affiliated strongly with aluminosilicate phases, yet is diluted only slightly by siliceous input. At Site 797 (Yamato Basin), REE is not as clearly associated with the aluminosilicate fraction, is correlated moderately to siliceous input, and may be sporadically influenced by detrital heavy minerals originating from the nearby rifted continental fragment composing the Yamato Rise. The biogenic influence is largest at Site 794, moderately developed at Site 797, and of only minor importance at Site 795, reflecting basinal contrasts in productivity such that the Yamato Basin records greater biogenic input than the Japan Basin, while the most productive waters overlie the easternmost sequence of Site 794.</p>\n<p><i><strong>Ce/Ce*</strong></i> profiles at all three sites increase monotonically with depth, and record progressive diagenetic LREE fractionation. The observed <i><strong>Ce/Ce*</strong></i> record does not respond to changes in oxygenation state of the overlying water, and <i><strong>Ce/Ce*</strong></i> correlated slightly better with depth than with age. The downhole increase in <i><strong>Ce/Ce*</strong></i> at Site 794 and Site 797 is a passive response to diagenetic transfer of LREE (except Ce) from sediment to interstitial water. At Site 795, the overall lack of correlation between <i><strong>Ce/Ce*</strong></i> and <strong><i>L<sub>(l</sub><sub>n</sub>/Yb<sub>n</sub></i></strong>suggests that other processes are occurring which mask the diagenetic behavior of all LREEs. First-order calculations of the Ce budget in Japan Sea waters and sediment indicate that ~20% of the excess Ce adsorbed by settling particles is recycled within the water column, and that an additional ~38% is recycled at or near the seafloor (data from Masuzawa and Koyama, 1989). Thus, because the remaining <i>excess</i> Ce is only ~10% of the <i>total</i> Ce, there is not a large source of Ce to the deeply buried sediment, further suggesting that the downhole increase in <i><strong>Ce/Ce*</strong></i> is a passive response to diagenetic behavior of the other LREEs. The REE chemistry of Japan Sea sediment therefore predicts successive downhole addition of LREEs to deeply-buried interstitial waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90365-C","usgsCitation":"Murray, R., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Brumsack, H., Gerlach, D.C., and Russ, G.P., 1991, Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 9, p. 2453-2466, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90365-C.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2453","endPage":"2466","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Japan Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              132.5390625,\n              33.7243396617476\n            ],\n            [\n              141.6796875,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              140.625,\n              50.064191736659104\n            ],\n            [\n              131.8359375,\n              44.33956524809713\n            ],\n            [\n              128.671875,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              127.61718749999999,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              132.5390625,\n              33.7243396617476\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c3fe4b08de9379b36d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, R.","contributorId":80440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumsack, Hans-Juergen","contributorId":61141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumsack","given":"Hans-Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerlach, David C.","contributorId":138786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerlach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russ, G. Price","contributorId":138787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russ","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Price","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1003907,"text":"1003907 - 1991 - Fall and winter distribution of Canada geese in the Mississippi flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-29T16:59:16.102986","indexId":"1003907","displayToPublicDate":"1991-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall and winter distribution of Canada geese in the Mississippi flyway","docAbstract":"<p>Canada geese (<i>Branta canadensis</i>) from northern Manitoba and northern Ontario were marked with leg bands and neck bands and observed throughout the Mississippi flyway from 1978 to 1989. We used observations of neck-banded geese within each state to determine the relative fall/winter distribution of the Eastern Prairie Population (EPP) and the Mississippi Valley Population (MVP). Mississippi Valley geese were affiliated with states east of the Mississippi River; EPP geese were affiliated with states west of the Mississippi River. However, we found geographic differences in population distribution within several states. Significant annual changes in distribution also occurred in most states. Management of Mississippi flyway geese should consider the differences in both population dynamics and spatial and temporal distributions of MVP and EPP geese in determining state and flyway harvest objectives.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808973","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M., Rusch, D.H., Abraham, K., Gillespie, M.M., Prevett, J.P., and Swenson, G.W., 1991, Fall and winter distribution of Canada geese in the Mississippi flyway: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 3, p. 449-456, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808973.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"456","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486827,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3808973","text":"Publisher Index 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Paul","contributorId":24730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prevett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swenson, George W.","contributorId":33270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70016690,"text":"70016690 - 1991 - Resource constraints in petroleum production potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-19T15:28:23.999091","indexId":"70016690","displayToPublicDate":"1991-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource constraints in petroleum production potential","docAbstract":"Geologic reasons indicate that the dominant position of the Middle East as a source of conventional petroleum will not be changed by new discoveries elsewhere. The share of world crude oil production coming from the Middle East could increase, within 10 to 20 years, to exceed 50 percent, under even modest increases in world consumption. Nonconventional resources of oil exist in large quantities, but because of their low production rates they can at best only mitigate extant trends. Increased production of natural gas outside the United States, however, offers an opportunity for geographically diversified energy supplies in the near future.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.253.5016.146","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Masters, C., Root, D.H., and Attanasi, E.D., 1991, Resource constraints in petroleum production potential: Science, v. 253, no. 5016, p. 146-152, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.253.5016.146.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"152","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"253","issue":"5016","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9eee4b0c8380cd8605a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masters, C.D.","contributorId":96664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70210579,"text":"70210579 - 1991 - Seismic reflection/refraction mapping of faulting and regional dips in the eastern Alaska Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-10T17:31:09.888198","indexId":"70210579","displayToPublicDate":"1991-06-10T12:22:37","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic reflection/refraction mapping of faulting and regional dips in the eastern Alaska Range","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present the results of a Trans‐Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT) investigation of the upper 2–5 km of the eastern Alaska Range in the vicinity of the Denali fault based on seismic reflection/refraction data, laboratory measurements of rock velocities, and structural mapping. The Denali fault is a major dextral slip structure mappable for more than 2000 km separating the Wrangellia and adjacent terranes to the south from the Yukon‐Tanana and adjacent terranes to the north. Geologic mapping suggests over 400 km of dextral slip has occurred on the fault, yet within the upper 1.5 km of the crust along the TACT corridor, basement rocks juxtaposed along the Denali fault reveal no significant seismic velocity differences, although the fault zone itself is associated with a minor lowering of velocity. The lack of seismic velocity contrast adjacent to the fault is in agreement with laboratory measurements of elastic wave velocities of samples from terranes bordering the fault. Laboratory measurements of elastic wave velocities of the metasedimentary mica‐quartz schists comprising the Yukon‐Tanana basement are highly anisotropic because of preferred orientation of mica and predict significant variations in velocity accompanying variations in foliation dip. Although other interpretations are possible, the northward shallowing of foliation dip of basement rocks in the Yukon‐Tanana terrane combined with the strong anisotropy associated with these highly foliated rocks can explain an observed northward increase in seismic velocity within this terrane. Seismic reflections from basement rocks within the Yukon‐Tanana terrane may originate from variations in anisotropy with depth and/or changes in composition reflecting different proportions of sandstone and shale in the protolith.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/91JB00905","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Nokleberg, W.J., Christensen, N., Lutter, W.J., Geist, E.L., and Fisher, M.A., 1991, Seismic reflection/refraction mapping of faulting and regional dips in the eastern Alaska Range: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 96, no. B6, p. 10233-10249, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB00905.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"10233","endPage":"10249","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Alaska Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.490234375,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.900390625,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.900390625,\n              63.074865690586634\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.490234375,\n              63.074865690586634\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.490234375,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lutter, William J.","contributorId":74366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70185488,"text":"70185488 - 1991 - Neotectonic effects on sinuosity and channel migration, Belle Fourche River, Western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T16:12:16","indexId":"70185488","displayToPublicDate":"1991-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neotectonic effects on sinuosity and channel migration, Belle Fourche River, Western South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Short-term instability in the behaviour of a small, meandering alluvial channel is identified from the relation between sinuosity and either floodplain slope or channel slope within 17 reaches along an 81-kilometre section of the Belle Fourche River in western South Dakota. In reaches 1 to 4 and 11 to 17 the channel is relatively stable and sinuosity varies inversely with channel slope. In reaches 5 to 10, sinuosity is positively related to floodplain slope. Sinuosity increases markedly in reaches 5, 6, and 7 (which are immediately downstream from a discontinuity in the long profile of the floodplain) in association with an increase in floodplain slope. Immediately upstream from the discontinuity, bankfull channel depth and sinuosity decrease and the area of the floodplain reworked by meander migration between 1939 and 1981 increases, in association with a decrease in floodplain slope. Channel behaviour in reaches 5 to 10 is best explained as a consequence of neotectonic activity, as indicated by changes in elevation recorded along geodetic survey lines that cross lineaments that may delimit the eastern boundary of the Black Hills uplift. Sinuosity acts as a barometer of the effects of neotectonic activity on alluvial channels. Initial indications of channel and floodplain instability due to neotectonic activity may be derived from evidence of anomalously active channel migration, as documented from photographic or topographic sources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3290160304","usgsCitation":"Gomez, B., and Marron, D.C., 1991, Neotectonic effects on sinuosity and channel migration, Belle Fourche River, Western South Dakota: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 16, no. 3, p. 227-235, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290160304.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"227","endPage":"235","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Belle Fourche River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.34564208984375,\n              44.620287898534244\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.32298278808594,\n              44.61637785698343\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.21517944335938,\n              44.5435052132082\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.11012268066405,\n              44.4190688110522\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.02978515625,\n              44.38865427337759\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.01193237304688,\n              44.422011314236634\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.05587768554686,\n              44.476910857223224\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.15887451171875,\n              44.61784415342067\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.260498046875,\n              44.65839700490685\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.37860107421875,\n              44.66865287227321\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.52073669433594,\n              44.68476556953855\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.623046875,\n              44.681348099056066\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.71231079101562,\n              44.687694669498015\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.78578186035156,\n              44.70868221820806\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.79814147949219,\n              44.69111176558736\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.77342224121092,\n              44.66767620116954\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.70750427246094,\n              44.64423115768092\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.63334655761719,\n              44.63445959194018\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.34564208984375,\n              44.620287898534244\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d61e4b0236b68f98f80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez, Basil","contributorId":65475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"Basil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marron, Donna C.","contributorId":6900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marron","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70210206,"text":"70210206 - 1991 - Basin and range crustal and upper mantle structure, northwest to central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-20T14:33:31.39634","indexId":"70210206","displayToPublicDate":"1991-04-10T09:27:04","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basin and range crustal and upper mantle structure, northwest to central Nevada","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>We present an interpretation of the crustal and uppermost mantle structure of the Basin and Range of northwestern Nevada based on seismic refraction/wide‐angle reflection, near‐vertical reflection, and gravity data. In comparison to most previous estimates, we find that the crust is somewhat thicker (32–36 km versus 22–30 km), and the uppermost mantle velocity is somewhat higher (8.0 km/s versus 7.3–7.9 km/s). Along our transects, the crust is thinnest (32 km) in the Carson Sink‐Buena Vista Valley region and increases by 2–4 km to the west and east, respectively. There is considerable complexity throughout the crust where velocities range from of 2.5 km/s at the surface to 7.4 km/s in the lowermost crust. Variations in velocity and structure of the upper crustal layers reveal apparent basement velocity depressions (areas of lower velocities extending up to 10 km in depth) that underlie some surface ranges as well as the basins. The middle crust rises from about 20 km beneath central Nevada to within 12 km of the surface beneath the area of thinnest crust and is characterized by a modest (∼0.1 km/s) change in velocity and low‐velocity gradients. These midcrustal layers mark the onset of high crustal reflectivity and the apparent limiting depth to which Basin and Range faults can be traced in near‐vertical reflection profiles, suggesting that these midcrustal layers represent the transition between the brittle and ductile zones of the crust. The lower crust is more structurally complex, with layers thickening and thinning in a systematic manner with the upper crustal layers; generally, where there are velocity depressions in the upper crust, the lower crust is thickest and shallowest. The geometry of these lower crustal layers (derived from refraction modeling) coincides with changes in the crustal reflectivity, determined from the Consortium of Continental Reflection Profiling reflection data. The lower crustal layer is unusually high in velocity (7.4 km/s) and is likely the layer identified as mantle in some previous studies. We do not identify the 7.4 km/s layer as mantle because (1) there is an underlying layer with a velocity (8.0 km/s) that is more consistent with the worldwide average velocity for the upper mantle, and (2) the 7.4 km/s layer does not correspond to the “reflection” Moho. Gravity modeling and comparison to existing seismic models show a general consensus in many aspects with respect to crustal structure. This new model forms the basis for speculation on some of the processes associated with rifting of the Basin and Range Province. One such process, lithospheric magmatism, is inferred from the strong attenuation of transmitted seismic waves, which occurs at the same interface at which high‐amplitude, bright spot reflections originate. Unlike previous models, the overall structure and velocity of the crust and uppermost mantle of our new model are similar to other regions worldwide which have undergone high degrees of extension.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB00194","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., and Mooney, W.D., 1991, Basin and range crustal and upper mantle structure, northwest to central Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 96, no. 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,{"id":70209351,"text":"70209351 - 1991 - U–Pb geochronology of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons in the northern Coast Mountains batholith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-01T13:57:37","indexId":"70209351","displayToPublicDate":"1991-04-01T13:49:11","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U–Pb geochronology of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons in the northern Coast Mountains batholith","docAbstract":"<p><span>U–Pb geochronologic studies demonstrate that steeply dipping, sheetlike tonalitic plutons along the western margin of the northern Coast Mountains batholith were emplaced between ~83 and ~57 (perhaps ~55) Ma. Less elongate tonalitic–granodioritic bodies in central portions of the batholith yield ages of 59–58 Ma, coeval with younger phases of the tonalitic sheets. Large granite–granodiorite bodies in central and eastern portions of the batholith were emplaced at 51–48 Ma. Trends in ages suggest that the tonalitic bodies generally become younger southeastward and that, at the latitude of Juneau, plutonism migrated northeastward across the batholith at ~0.9 km/Ma. Variations in the age, shape, location, and degree of fabric development among the various plutons indicate that Late Cretaceous – Paleocene tonalitic bodies were emplaced into a steeply dipping, dip-slip shear zone that was active along the western margin of the batholith. Postkinematic Eocene plutons were emplaced at shallow crustal levels. Inherited zircon components in these plutons range in age from mid-Paleozoic to Early Proterozoic and are coeval with detrital zircons in adjacent metasedimentary rocks. These old zircons, combined with evolved Nd isotopic signatures for most plutons, record assimilation of continental crustal or supracrustal rocks during the generation and (or) ascent of the plutons.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e91-082","usgsCitation":"Gehrels, G., McClelland, W.C., Sampson, S., Jonathan, P.P., and Brew, D.A., 1991, U–Pb geochronology of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons in the northern Coast Mountains batholith: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, no. 6, p. 899-911, https://doi.org/10.1139/e91-082.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"899","endPage":"911","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northern Coast Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -135.087890625,\n              59.5343180010956\n            ],\n            [\n              -138.076171875,\n              58.53959476664049\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.2421875,\n              54.16243396806779\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.814453125,\n              55.27911529201561\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.087890625,\n              59.5343180010956\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehrels, G.E.","contributorId":211571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClelland, W. C.","contributorId":147243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClelland","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sampson, S.D.","contributorId":20144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jonathan, Patchett P.","contributorId":85323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonathan","given":"Patchett","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5222674,"text":"5222674 - 1991 - Home range and movements of juvenile Puerto Rican parrots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-29T17:52:02.345528","indexId":"5222674","displayToPublicDate":"1991-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Home range and movements of juvenile Puerto Rican parrots","docAbstract":"<p>We studied home range and movements of 15 radio-marked, juvenile Puerto Rican parrots (<i>Amazona vittata</i>) fledging from wild nests during summer and fall, 1985-87. When juvenile parrots remained in the nest valley, home ranges during 1986 (<i><span>x̄</span></i> = 32 <span class=\"l_ecrd_txt_pln\">± </span>10 [SE] ha, <i>n</i> = 4) were larger (<i>P</i> = 0.0079) than during 1987 (<span><i>x̄</i></span> = 13 <span class=\"l_ecrd_txt_pln\">± </span>6 ha, n = 5). After radio-marked parrots integrated into adult flocks, home ranges during 1986 (<i><span>x̄ </span></i>= 1,075 <span class=\"l_ecrd_txt_pln\">± </span>135 ha, n = 3) were similar (<i>P</i> = 0.10) to 1987 (<i><span>x̄</span></i> = 416 <span class=\"l_ecrd_txt_pln\">± </span>62 ha, n = 2). Juvenile parrots restricted their movements to nest valleys an average of 58 <span class=\"l_ecrd_txt_pln\">± </span>29 days following fledging. After joining adult flocks, juvenile parrots routinely flew between the east and west slopes of the Luquillo Mountains but did not exhibit a seasonal pattern of movement. We recommend that captive-raised, juvenile parrots used in release programs be <span>≥</span>5 months old to ensure they are mature enough to integrate into wild flocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809157","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, G.D., Arendt, W.J., Kalina, J., and Pendleton, G.W., 1991, Home range and movements of juvenile Puerto Rican parrots: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 2, p. 318-322, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809157.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.8449580355314,\n              18.386269369467428\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.8449580355314,\n              18.255457908349925\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.70184549884009,\n              18.255457908349925\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.70184549884009,\n              18.386269369467428\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.8449580355314,\n              18.386269369467428\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bf10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, Gerald D.","contributorId":102534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arendt, Wayne J.","contributorId":176182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arendt","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalina, Jan","contributorId":63898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalina","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, Grey W.","contributorId":191446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222575,"text":"5222575 - 1991 - Population trends from the American woodcock singing-ground survey, 1970-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-29T17:29:53.660849","indexId":"5222575","displayToPublicDate":"1991-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trends from the American woodcock singing-ground survey, 1970-88","docAbstract":"<p>Population trend analysis of American woodcook (<i>Scolopax minor</i>) using data from a singing-ground survey indicates population declines throughout the breeding range of the species between 1970 and 1988. In the eastern United States and Canada, this decline has been quite consistent throughout the period, but in the central portion of the continent the population increased during the 1970's and declined during the early 1980's. Observers differ in their ability to hear woodcock, and we document observer differences in the singing-ground survey data and incorporate them into our analyses. Habitat changes have been suggested as the most likely cause of declines in woodcock populations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809154","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., and Bortner, J.B., 1991, Population trends from the American woodcock singing-ground survey, 1970-88: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 2, p. 300-312, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809154.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"312","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.0967375093654,\n              49.09595677704732\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.0967375093654,\n              35.435945782001156\n            ],\n            [\n              -61.30126610548075,\n              35.435945782001156\n            ],\n            [\n              -61.30126610548075,\n              49.09595677704732\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.0967375093654,\n              49.09595677704732\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683db8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bortner, James B.","contributorId":83381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016558,"text":"70016558 - 1991 - Possible solar noble-gas component in Hawaiian basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T17:38:45.595073","indexId":"70016558","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible solar noble-gas component in Hawaiian basalts","docAbstract":"<p><span>The noble-gas elemental and isotopic composition in the Earth is significantly different from that of the present atmosphere, and provides an important clue to the origin and history of the Earth and its atmosphere. Possible candidates for the noble-gas composition of the primordial Earth include a solar-like component, a planetary-like component (as observed in primitive meteorites) and a component similar in composition to the present atmosphere. In an attempt to identify the contributions of such components, we have measured isotope ratios of helium and neon in fresh basaltic glasses dredged from Loihi seamount and the East Rift Zone of Kilauea</span><sup>1–3</sup><span>. We find a systematic enrichment in&nbsp;</span><sup>20</sup><span>Ne and&nbsp;</span><sup>21</sup><span>Ne relative to&nbsp;</span><sup>22</sup><span>Ne, compared with atmospheric neon. The helium and neon isotope signatures observed in our samples can be explained by mixing of solar, present atmospheric, radiogenic and nucleogenic components. These data suggest that the noble-gas isotopic composition of the mantle source of the Hawaiian plume is different from that of the present atmosphere, and that it includes a significant solar-like component. We infer that this component was acquired during the formation of the Earth.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/349149a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Honda, M., McDougall, I., Patterson, D., Doulgeris, A., and Clague, D., 1991, Possible solar noble-gas component in Hawaiian basalts: Nature, v. 349, no. 6305, p. 149-151, https://doi.org/10.1038/349149a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"151","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70138488,"text":"70138488 - 1991 - The neotectonic setting of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T18:52:43","indexId":"70138488","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The neotectonic setting of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p><span>The island of Puerto Rico, in the northeast Caribbean, lies within a broad deformation zone between the Caribbean and North American plates. The simplest model for the tectonic setting of Puerto Rico has major strike-slip movement on nearly east-west lines in the vicinity of the Puerto Rico Trench coupled to a small counterclockwise rotation of a Puerto Rico block within the broader plate boundary zone. This simple model is attractive because it predicts the tectonic regime south of Puerto Rico, and provides an explanation for a possible component of extension across the Puerto Rico Trench west of 65.5&deg;W. GLORIA long-range sidescan sonar data and seismic reflection profiles have been used to test this model by mapping the major tectonic features across the plate boundary north and south of Puerto Rico. To the north, the new data help to resolve between conflicting models, of underthrusting or strike-slip motion at the Puerto Rico Trench. No direct evidence of compression is seen, although evidence for normal and strike-slip movement is abundant. This, combined with regional considerations, leads us to conclude that the main east-west-trending part of the Puerto Rico Trench between 65.5&deg;W and 68&deg;W lies within a strike-slip regime, although oblique convergence occurs both to the east and west where the plate boundary trends east-southeast. To the south of Puerto Rico, underthrusting of the Caribbean plate beneath the island decreases from west to east, and it is ultimately replaced by extension in the Virgin Islands Basin east of 65&deg;W.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0144:TNSOPR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Masson, D., and Scanlon, K.M., 1991, The neotectonic setting of Puerto Rico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, no. 1, p. 144-154, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0144:TNSOPR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.587890625,\n              17.43451055152291\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.2587890625,\n              17.43451055152291\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.2587890625,\n              19.02057711096681\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.587890625,\n              19.02057711096681\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.587890625,\n              17.43451055152291\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c6de4b08de9379b37dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masson, D.G.","contributorId":44160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70074736,"text":"70074736 - 1991 - Electromagnetic terrain conductive and ground penetrating radar investigation at and near the Ciba-Geigy Superfund site, Ocean County, New Jersey: quality control assurance plan and results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-03T13:03:47","indexId":"70074736","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:59:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Electromagnetic terrain conductive and ground penetrating radar investigation at and near the Ciba-Geigy Superfund site, Ocean County, New Jersey: quality control assurance plan and results","docAbstract":"Ground water is the principal source of drinking water in the\nvicinity of the Ciba-Geigy Superfund site near Toms River, Ocean County,\nNew Jersey. The presence of earlier identified point sources of\norganic-compound and, to a lesser extent, metals contamination dt the\nCiba-Geigy Toms River Chemical Company Plant has resulted-in severe\ndegradation of ground-water quality and has increased the potentiil for\nwater-supply problems (NUS Corporation, 1988). The point sources of\ncontamination include a manufacturing area, a backfilled-lagoons area, a\nformer fire-prevention training area, several sludge-disposal areas, and\na drum-disposal area. A borrow area also is considered a potential\nsource of contamination (Camp Dresser 6 McKee, Inc., 1989).\nThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requested that the U.S.\nGeological Survey evaluate the hydrogeologic conditions in the Kirkwood-\nCohansey aquifer system (Zapecza, 1989) and the extent of ground-water\ncontamination on the property of the plant (which includes the Superfund\nsite) and in Winding River Park, which borders the Toms River\nimmediately to the east of the Superfund site (Barton, 1989). This\ninvestigation included an electromagnetic-induction survey covering\n45 line miles throughout the site and a ground-penetrating-radar survey\nin part of the borrow area.\nThe quality assurance/quality control plan (QA/QC) for the\nelectromagnetic-induction survey established guidelines for performance,\nsystem audits, and data validation, and set control limits for\ninstrument and procedural precision. The QA/QC plan for the groundpenetrating-\nradar survey sets guidelines for performance and system\naudits.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems","conferenceTitle":"4th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems","conferenceDate":"1991-03-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Knoxville, TN","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","publisherLocation":"Golden, CO","usgsCitation":"Barton, G., and Ivahnenko, T., 1991, Electromagnetic terrain conductive and ground penetrating radar investigation at and near the Ciba-Geigy Superfund site, Ocean County, New Jersey: quality control assurance plan and results, p. 357-359.","productDescription":"p. 357-359","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Ocean County","otherGeospatial":"Ciby-geigy Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.553105,39.475198 ], [ -74.553105,40.172355 ], [ -73.965414,40.172355 ], [ -73.965414,39.475198 ], [ -74.553105,39.475198 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd574ee4b0b290850f7670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ivahnenko, Tamara 0000-0002-1124-7688 ivahnenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-7688","contributorId":93524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"Tamara","email":"ivahnenk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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