The east-central part of the left-lateral Garlock fault, in southeast California, is associated with three broad folds that trend and plunge northeast. The folds, which lie north, south, and astride the fault, postdate deposition of alluvial gravels that at one time formed a continuous northwest-sloping fan; the gravels rest conformably on lake beds that contain the Lava Creek B ash bed (0.62 Ma). The anticline, named after Christmas Canyon, has vertical relief of as much as 100 m. Topographic profiles suggest that the gravels exposed along the synclinal troughs to its southeast (Pilot Knob Valley syncline) and northwest (Teagle Wash syncline) lie at about the same elevations as they did when part of the originally active fan, implying that the synclines are passive results of the anticline development. If so, the original slope of the middle Pleistocene alluvial sediment sheet was about 0.6° northwest. The age and dimensional controls allow calculation of the rates of tilting and horizontal shortening. Corrected tilting rates vary from about 2.5° to 4.7°/m.y.; the total shortening of about 7.5 m developed at a minimum rate of 12.5 m/m.y.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0615:AFAWTE>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, G., 1991, Anomalous folds associated with the east-central part of the Garlock Fault, southeast California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, no. 5, p. 615-624, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0615:AFAWTE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"624","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"103","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec48e4b0c8380cd49181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G.I.","contributorId":103694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197522,"text":"70197522 - 1991 - Off-fault ground ruptures in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California: Ridge-top spreading versus tectonic extension during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T23:57:45.486451","indexId":"70197522","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Off-fault ground ruptures in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California: Ridge-top spreading versus tectonic extension during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","docAbstract":"The Ms 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake of 18 October 1989 produced abundant ground ruptures in an 8 by 4 km area along Summit Road and Skyland Ridge in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Predominantly extensional fissures formed a left-stepping, crudely en echelon pattern along ridges of the hanging-wall block southwest of the San Andreas fault, about 12 km northwest of the epicenter. The fissures are subparallel to the San Andreas fault and appear to be controlled by bedding planes, faults, joints, and other weak zones in the underlying Tertiary sedimentary strata of the hanging-wall block. The pattern of extensional fissures is generally consistent with tectonic extension across the crest of the uplifted hanging-wall block. Also, many displacements in Laurel Creek canyon and along the San Andreas and Sargent faults are consistent with right-lateral reverse faulting inferred for the mainshock. Additional small tensile failures along the axis of the Laurel anticline may reflect growth of the fold during deep-seated compression. However, the larger ridge-top fissures commonly have displacements that are parallel to the north-northeast regional slope directions and appear inconsistent with east-northeast extension expected from this earthquake. Measured cumulative displacements across the ridge crests are at least 35 times larger than that predicted by the geodetically determined surface deformation. These fissures also occur in association with ubiquitous landslide complexes that were reactivated by the earthquake to produce the largest concentration of co-seismic slope failures in the epicentral region. The anomalously large displacements and the apparent slope control of the geometry and displacement of many co-seismic surface ruptures lead us to conclude that gravity is an important driving force in the formation of the ridge-top fissures. Shaking-induced gravitational spreading of ridges and downslope movement may account for 90¿ or more of the observed displacements on the linear fissures. Similar fissures occurred in the same area and elsewhere near the San Andreas fault during the predominantly right-lateral 1906 San Francisco earthquake and suggest that the Loma Prieta ground ruptures may, in large part, be independent of fault kinematics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0810051480","usgsCitation":"Ponti, D.J., and Wells, R., 1991, Off-fault ground ruptures in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California: Ridge-top spreading versus tectonic extension during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 81, no. 5, p. 1480-1510, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0810051480.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1480","endPage":"1510","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354868,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/81/5/1480/119497/off-fault-ground-ruptures-in-the-santa-cruz"},{"id":354869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.26218327718883,\n 37.37731406960248\n ],\n [\n -122.26218327718883,\n 36.80228898963584\n ],\n [\n -121.53712401965575,\n 36.80228898963584\n ],\n [\n -121.53712401965575,\n 37.37731406960248\n ],\n [\n -122.26218327718883,\n 37.37731406960248\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112478e4b034bf6a81dfb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016653,"text":"70016653 - 1991 - Application of uphole data from petroleum seismic surveys to groundwater investigations, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T16:17:02.52515","indexId":"70016653","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1761,"text":"Geoexploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of uphole data from petroleum seismic surveys to groundwater investigations, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)","docAbstract":"Velocity data from uphole surveys were used to map the water table and the contact at the base dune sand/top alluvium as part of a joint National Drilling Company-United States Geological Survey Ground Water Research Project in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. During 1981–1983, a reconnaissance seismic survey was conducted for petroleum exploration in the eastern region of Abu Dhabi. Approximately 2800 kilometers of seismic data, consisting of 92 lines, were acquired in the 2500 km2 concession area near Al Ain. Uphole surveys were conducted about 2 km apart along each seismic line, and were used to calculate weathering corrections required to further process in the seismic data. Approximately 1300 uphole surveys were completed in the concession area between March 1981 and June 1983.
Reinterpretation of the velocity profiles derived from the uphole surveys provided data for determining the following subsurface layers, listed in descending order: (1) a surficial, unconsolidated weathering layer with a velocity from 300 to 450 m/s; (2) surficial dune sand, from 750 to 900 m/s; (3) unsaturated, unconsolidated alluvium, from 1000 to 1300 m/s; and (4) saturated, unconsolidated alluvium, from 1900 to 2200 m/s. Two interfaces—the water table and the base dune sand/top alluvium — were identified and mapped from boundaries between these velocity layers.
Although the regional water table can fluctuate naturally as much as 3 m per year in this area and the water-table determinations from the uphole data span a 27-month period, an extremely consistent and interpretable water-table map was derived from the uphole data throughout the entire concession area. In the northern part of the area, unconfined groundwater moves northward and northwestward toward the Arabian Gulf; and in the central and southern parts of the area, groundwater moves westward away from the Oman Mountains. In the extreme southern area east of Jabal Hafit, groundwater moves southward into Oman. The map of the base dune sand/top alluvium suggests a buried paleodrainage network trending westward to southwestward away from the Oman Mountains. These paleodrainages, now buried by dune sand, probably contain alluvial fill and are logical targets for groundwater exploration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7142(91)90022-5","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D., and Menges, C., 1991, Application of uphole data from petroleum seismic surveys to groundwater investigations, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates): Geoexploration, v. 27, no. 1-2, p. 193-212, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7142(91)90022-5.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Emirate of Abu Dhabi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 55.32682386383689,\n 23.259579811742427\n ],\n [\n 55.400103111166004,\n 23.38995516275145\n ],\n [\n 55.44132268778836,\n 23.385751504225226\n ],\n [\n 55.56956137061428,\n 23.620950446918116\n ],\n [\n 55.53292174694974,\n 23.767735958015336\n ],\n [\n 55.491702170327386,\n 23.943660152143167\n ],\n [\n 55.757339441894885,\n 24.0649919026839\n ],\n [\n 55.80313897147505,\n 24.0064322398199\n ],\n [\n 56.01381680754673,\n 24.073355388987736\n ],\n [\n 55.96801727796549,\n 24.211274067127633\n ],\n [\n 55.83519864218178,\n 24.207096900942233\n ],\n [\n 55.757339441894885,\n 24.23633418804704\n ],\n [\n 55.835196374044415,\n 24.340698504433462\n ],\n [\n 55.79855675037979,\n 24.48666372391564\n ],\n [\n 55.77565698558871,\n 24.56166572782938\n ],\n [\n 55.80771665629544,\n 24.624133146190175\n ],\n [\n 55.78939684446314,\n 24.65327393418373\n ],\n [\n 55.835196374044415,\n 24.68656936414301\n ],\n [\n 55.82603646812771,\n 24.79471805920342\n ],\n [\n 55.3497213604885,\n 24.83213220937651\n ],\n [\n 55.262702254285955,\n 24.094262010568798\n ],\n [\n 55.16652324216682,\n 23.30165064334244\n ],\n [\n 55.32682386383689,\n 23.259579811742427\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 53.12078805550857,\n 22.87382204623931\n ],\n [\n 54.41819426053206,\n 22.727057558523896\n ],\n [\n 54.462753218353015,\n 23.44568151771233\n ],\n [\n 53.13792510895331,\n 23.451425930801733\n ],\n [\n 53.12078805550857,\n 22.87382204623931\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc0e4b0c8380cd49470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, D.","contributorId":36701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menges, C.M.","contributorId":71200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015049,"text":"70015049 - 1991 - Sedimentology and cyclicity in the Lower Permian De Chelly Sandstone on the Defiance Plateau: Eastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-11T07:24:31","indexId":"70015049","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentology and cyclicity in the Lower Permian De Chelly Sandstone on the Defiance Plateau: Eastern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Lower Permian (Leonardian) De Chelly Sandstone crops out along a north-south trend on the Defiance Plateau of eastern Arizona. It is divided into lower and upper members separated by a tongue of the Supai Formation that pinches out to the north.
Lithofacies in the De Chelly Sandstone consist of (1) a large-scale trough to tabular- and/or wedge-planar cross-stratified sandstone facies of large-scale eolian dune origin, (2) a small- to medium-scale, trough cross-stratified sandstone also of eolian dune origin, (3) a horizontally stratified, wind-rippled sandstone of sand sheet origin, (4) a wavy, horizontally stratified, wind-rippled sandstone of sabkha origin, and (5) a mud-draped ripple-laminated sandstone of mud-flat origin.
The De Chelly Sandstone in the northern Defiance Plateau consists mainly of large-scale dune deposits. Stratigraphic sections in the middle of the plateau are dominated by small- to medium-scale dune and sand sheet deposits whereas those along the southern end of the plateau are composed largely of sabkha and supratidal mud-flat deposits. The lateral distribution of these facies suggests a north-south juxtaposition of central-erg, fore-erg, and mixed sabkha-supratidal depositional environments. Repetitive interbedding of facies in the De Chelly indicates at least twelve depositional cycles in which sabkha and/or supratidal to coastal-plain mud-flats were sequentially overridden by eolian sand sheets and cross-stratified dunes.
Lateral and vertical facies relations within the lower and upper members of the De Chelly Sandstone record episodic expansion of the De Chelly erg southward, The comparative abundance of large-scale dune deposits in the upper member suggests that progradation was more extensive during latter stages of deposition. The intervening tongue of Supai Formation and the redbeds that overlie the upper member of the De Chelly at Bonito Canyon document northward transgression of sabkha and supratidal to coastal-plain mud-flat environments. Eolian dune deposition was restricted to the northern Defiance Plateau during deposition of these units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Stanesco, J., 1991, Sedimentology and cyclicity in the Lower Permian De Chelly Sandstone on the Defiance Plateau: Eastern Arizona: Mountain Geologist, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1-11.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/rmag/mg/1991/stanesco.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Defiance Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 35.721987809328716\n ],\n [\n -109.05853271484374,\n 35.721987809328716\n ],\n [\n -109.05853271484374,\n 36.30848550829368\n ],\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 36.30848550829368\n ],\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 35.721987809328716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a99e4b08c986b317284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanesco, J. D.","contributorId":91246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanesco","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015002,"text":"70015002 - 1991 - Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutonism and deformation in the Skagit Gneiss Complex, north Cascade Range, Washington and British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T11:53:47.42529","indexId":"70015002","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutonism and deformation in the Skagit Gneiss Complex, north Cascade Range, Washington and British Columbia","docAbstract":"The Skagit Gneiss Complex forms a more-or-less continuous terrane within the northern, more deeply eroded part of the North Cascade Range. The complex comprises abundant plutons intruded at mid-crustal depths into a variety of metamorphosed supracrustal rocks of both oceanic and volcanic-arc origin. A plethora of syntectonic pegmatite, small plutons, and granitic dikes gives the complex a migmatitic aspect.
U-Pb zircon ages from gneissic plutons within and near the Skagit Gneiss Complex indicate magmatic crystallization between 75 and 60 Ma. Deformation, recrystallization, and migmatization in part postdate intrusion of the 75-60 Ma plutons. This latest Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary plutonism and migmatization may reflect thermal relaxation following early Late Cretaceous orogeny documented else-where in the North Cascades.
The complex was ductilely extended northwest-southeast shortly after intrusion of granite dikes at ∼45 Ma, but before emplacement of the earliest (∼34 Ma) plutons of the Cascade arc. Outcrops of Late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary plutons, migmatites of the Skagit Gneiss Complex, and rocks with young ductile deformation are roughly coextensive, all apparently marking a region of greater middle Eocene unroofing. Unroofing was apparently contemporaneous with east-west extension in the Okanogan region to the east and north-south and northwest-southeast strike-slip faulting within the North Cascades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1297:LCAETP>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haugerud, R., Van Der Heyden, P., Tabor, R.W., Stacey, J.S., and Zartman, R., 1991, Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutonism and deformation in the Skagit Gneiss Complex, north Cascade Range, Washington and British Columbia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, no. 10, p. 1297-1307, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1297:LCAETP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1297","endPage":"1307","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224286,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.78052502706436,\n 51.503705568778855\n ],\n [\n -124.78052502706436,\n 47.12444497066605\n ],\n [\n -118.27661877706427,\n 47.12444497066605\n ],\n [\n -118.27661877706427,\n 51.503705568778855\n ],\n [\n -124.78052502706436,\n 51.503705568778855\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44d4e4b0c8380cd66e01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugerud, R. A. 0000-0001-7302-4351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":42953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Der Heyden, P.","contributorId":25708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Heyden","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tabor, R. W.","contributorId":16002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabor","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70016447,"text":"70016447 - 1991 - Soil chronosequence studies in temperate to subtropical, low-latitude, low-relief terrain with data from the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T19:04:39.4049","indexId":"70016447","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil chronosequence studies in temperate to subtropical, low-latitude, low-relief terrain with data from the eastern United States","docAbstract":"The Coastal Plain of the eastern United States is a low-latitude, low-altitude, low-relief terrain composed primarily of gently dipping marine and marginal-marine sediments that range in age from Cretaceous to Quaternary. Population density of the area is moderate, and most of the population is concentrated along the coast. Inland of the coast, agriculture, including growing trees for pulp, is the dominant economy. In this region, soils have developed along two different pathways. One pathway is dominated by the dissolution and movement of oxyhydroxides and the accumulation of organic matter; the other by the accumulation of clays and oxyhydroxyides and the adsorption or oxidation of organic matter. The first pathway has resulted in the formation of Spodosols; the second, in the development of Ultisols. No clearly distinguishable age trends have been identified in the Spodosols, but the properties of Ultisols can be measured to quantify surface material alteration through time. Ultisols are, therefore, suited to order-of-magnitude chronostratigraphic interpretations. Potentially, data derived through the study of Ultisols can be used to develop models that predict how surface processes will change due to continued weathering and pedogenesis or as the result of climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7061(91)90072-2","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H.W., and Pavich, M., 1991, Soil chronosequence studies in temperate to subtropical, low-latitude, low-relief terrain with data from the eastern United States: Geoderma, v. 51, no. 1-4, p. 213-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(91)90072-2.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"239","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.65740498515868,\n 29.56073216248066\n ],\n [\n -81.04209111575037,\n 29.70294791375342\n ],\n [\n -81.32008465430667,\n 30.336573155280433\n ],\n [\n -81.28926863352359,\n 30.839173001811446\n ],\n [\n -81.10795333948283,\n 31.675802100881526\n ],\n [\n -80.41054135680525,\n 32.2155811685203\n ],\n [\n -79.35141323445242,\n 32.88262853802331\n ],\n [\n -78.9951818009355,\n 33.080517055495775\n ],\n [\n -78.95338088751612,\n 33.44486091823089\n ],\n [\n -78.43340354833373,\n 33.73958574559721\n ],\n [\n -77.95669806937994,\n 33.63505845729995\n ],\n [\n -77.625425186773,\n 34.193993116921305\n ],\n [\n -77.05536053640651,\n 34.44958955891752\n ],\n [\n -76.27800212167642,\n 34.6980372864103\n ],\n [\n -75.66034727003597,\n 35.679759013216795\n ],\n [\n -75.63024711439672,\n 36.24611046119435\n ],\n [\n -75.75291815153346,\n 37.05242613609788\n ],\n [\n -75.64382189128256,\n 37.48612546856154\n ],\n [\n -75.04061840870713,\n 38.24571164914883\n ],\n [\n -74.54606120086645,\n 39.04666102268308\n ],\n [\n -74.16065699691825,\n 39.44510284389685\n ],\n [\n -73.91123229815838,\n 39.7461249726409\n ],\n [\n -73.98987192172642,\n 40.300395445354866\n ],\n [\n -73.67383075027301,\n 41.16024579379487\n ],\n [\n -73.45562020409652,\n 42.246377813940796\n ],\n [\n -73.24874940925498,\n 42.77550842067669\n ],\n [\n -77.29144540745926,\n 42.927755716296105\n ],\n [\n -77.37766959325147,\n 42.007514196380015\n ],\n [\n -79.64501061925347,\n 41.94853624470812\n ],\n [\n -79.6460568639244,\n 42.335962204424845\n ],\n [\n -80.50438839794788,\n 41.91098127866414\n ],\n [\n -80.5741585555397,\n 40.899542931395075\n ],\n [\n -80.73285291549277,\n 40.590263414786904\n ],\n [\n -80.69694400260454,\n 40.31039863298716\n ],\n [\n -80.96570253434754,\n 39.652857933995165\n ],\n [\n -81.418963558928,\n 39.414911863833964\n ],\n [\n -81.61948307147509,\n 39.43380229891457\n ],\n [\n -81.84637289319473,\n 39.14138287378918\n ],\n [\n -82.1359093662436,\n 39.02190171059155\n ],\n [\n -82.29219319714245,\n 38.798170410820376\n ],\n [\n -82.31564745443391,\n 38.52257047831131\n ],\n [\n -82.68922659569647,\n 38.45411056377512\n ],\n [\n -82.68906036545968,\n 38.195994304719164\n ],\n [\n -82.29806540311749,\n 37.645361355803544\n ],\n [\n -82.16905474335533,\n 37.455881280933184\n ],\n [\n -82.86080922721337,\n 37.11295010525521\n ],\n [\n -82.98927778322748,\n 36.92357308197964\n ],\n [\n -83.16094469814301,\n 36.871352448668105\n ],\n [\n -83.8447722119688,\n 36.59092866212001\n ],\n [\n -84.50260830666883,\n 36.25450391102903\n ],\n [\n -85.38289141785889,\n 35.59608738764305\n ],\n [\n -86.54619672147197,\n 34.68748424448863\n ],\n [\n -88.09453878295756,\n 34.65713328405975\n ],\n [\n -88.45882387865532,\n 32.28457646965607\n ],\n [\n -88.47957915470448,\n 30.412663603338416\n ],\n [\n -87.7830130061835,\n 30.251488905804294\n ],\n [\n -87.60687215829314,\n 30.11344712321747\n ],\n [\n -87.26815773703689,\n 30.224147044061937\n ],\n [\n -86.50464178478586,\n 30.3156419338991\n ],\n [\n -85.5675504699858,\n 29.927846128637057\n ],\n [\n -85.391940602425,\n 29.452508157008737\n ],\n [\n -84.43514465045406,\n 29.774246787668204\n ],\n [\n -84.14495900084188,\n 29.964033943908447\n ],\n [\n -83.76866227734911,\n 29.822433980986062\n ],\n [\n -83.65740498515868,\n 29.56073216248066\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91f6e4b08c986b319be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, H. W.","contributorId":31426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016518,"text":"70016518 - 1991 - A northern Cordilleran ocean-continent transect: Sitka Sound, Alaska, to Atlin Lake, British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T17:15:24.648945","indexId":"70016518","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A northern Cordilleran ocean-continent transect: Sitka Sound, Alaska, to Atlin Lake, British Columbia","docAbstract":"The 155 km wide, 310 km long Sitka Sound – Atlin Lake continent–ocean transect includes almost all the geologic, geophysical, and geotectonic elements of the Canadian Cordillera. It crosses the Chugach, Wrangellia, Alexander, Stikine, and Cache Creek terranes, the Gravina and Laberge overlap assemblages, intrusive and metamorphic belts, and neotectonic faults that bound major blocks. Linear belts of magnetic highs are associated with Jurassic and Cretaceous granitic belts in Wrangellia and the western and central parts of the Alexander terrane and with the granitic rocks of the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex (CPMC). The Border Ranges fault may be expressed at depth on either side of the Peril Strait fault. An enigmatic northeast-trending gradient in the CPMC and adjacent rocks separates a regional magnetic low to the northwest from a 300 nT high field to the southeast. The Bouguer gravity field decreases in broad steps from Pacific crust high values to lows at the international boundary, with pronounced gradients at the east edge of Chugach terrane and west edge of of CPMC. It indicates that the crust thickens from about 20 to 40 km from southwest to northeast. Ultramafic bodies in the Chugach, Alexander, and Wrangellia terranes and Gravina assemblage underlie local highs. Most of the accumulated seismic strain is released by large earthquakes on the Fairweather – Queen Charlotte Islands plate-margin fault, but the northern part of the Glacier Bay region, the Denali fault zone, and the Coast Mountains also have significant seismicity. Part of the Glacier Bay region is being uplifted at a high rate. Most of these features are related to the joining of (i) Wrangellia to Alexander terrane (Carboniferous), (ii) Stikine to Cache Creek terrane (Early Jurassic), (iii) Alexander terrane and Gravina assemblage to Stikine (Late Cretaceous), and (iv) Chugach to Wrangellia and Alexander terrane (Late Cretaceous or Paleogene).
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e91-077","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., Karl, S.M., Barnes, D., Jachens, R., Ford, A.B., and Horner, R., 1991, A northern Cordilleran ocean-continent transect: Sitka Sound, Alaska, to Atlin Lake, British Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, no. 6, p. 840-853, https://doi.org/10.1139/e91-077.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"840","endPage":"853","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Atlin Lake, Sitka Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -137.5241906864212,\n 57.470765580093484\n ],\n [\n -135.02273584236966,\n 56.73536265956932\n ],\n [\n -132.5284076502953,\n 59.347930175602784\n ],\n [\n -135.1723955338938,\n 59.94202022251474\n ],\n [\n -137.5241906864212,\n 57.470765580093484\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c0e4b0c8380cd468cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, D.F.","contributorId":48960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ford, A. B.","contributorId":44924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horner, R.","contributorId":93000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016536,"text":"70016536 - 1991 - Submarine processes of the middle Atlantic continental rise based on GLORIA imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T13:29:14","indexId":"70016536","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine processes of the middle Atlantic continental rise based on GLORIA imagery","docAbstract":"Approximately 6100 km of 3.5-kHz echo-sounding profiles was correlated with a GLORIA side-scan sonar image of the mid-Atlantic United States (34??N, 70??W) lower slope-upper continental rise. The image allows us to map the major erosional and depositional features and to identify major processes that have shaped the area. Interpretation of GLORIA imagery and echo-sounding profiles indicates that mass movement is the predominant process affecting sediment on the United States east coast mid-Atlantic slope and upper rise and that isobath-parallel sediment movement by geostrophic currents is restricted mainly to the lower continental rise. The mass-movement processes evident on the rise probably were most active during the Pleistocene, when sea level was lower and sediment input more active. -from Authors","largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1090:SPOTMA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schlee, J.S., and Robb, J.M., 1991, Submarine processes of the middle Atlantic continental rise based on GLORIA imagery: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, no. 8, p. 1090-1103, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1090:SPOTMA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1090","endPage":"1103","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d2ee4b08c986b31d6bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlee, J. S.","contributorId":68337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robb, James M.","contributorId":73272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016934,"text":"70016934 - 1991 - Wasatch fault zone, Utah - segmentation and history of Holocene earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016934","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wasatch fault zone, Utah - segmentation and history of Holocene earthquakes","docAbstract":"The Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) forms the eastern boundary of the Basin and Range province and is the longest continuous, active normal fault (343 km) in the United States. It underlies an urban corridor of 1.6 million people (80% of Utah's population) representing the largest earthquake risk in the interior of the western United States. The authors have used paleoseismological data to identify 10 discrete segments of the WFZ. Five are active, medial segments with Holocene slip rates of 1-2 mm a-1, recurrence intervals of 2000-4000 years and average lengths of about 50 km. Five are less active, distal segments with mostly pre-Holocene surface ruptures, late Quaternary slip rates of <0.5 mm a-1, recurrence intervals of ???10,000 years and average lengths of about 20 km. Surface-faulting events on each of the medial segments of the WFZ formed 2-4-m-high scarps repeatedly during the Holocene. Paleoseismological records for the past 6000 years indicate that a major surface-rupturing earthquake has occurred along one of the medial segments about every 395 ?? 60 years. However, between about 400 and 1500 years ago, the WFZ experienced six major surface-rupturing events, an average of one event every 220 years, or about twice as often as expected from the 6000-year record. Evidence has been found that surface-rupturing events occurred on the WFZ during the past 400 years, a time period which is twice the average intracluster recurrence interval and equal to the average Holocene recurrence interval.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0191-8141(91)90063-O","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Machette, M., Personius, S.F., Nelson, A.R., Schwartz, D.P., and Lund, W., 1991, Wasatch fault zone, Utah - segmentation and history of Holocene earthquakes: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 13, no. 2, p. 151-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(91)90063-O.","startPage":"151","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205582,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(91)90063-O"},{"id":224994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3e3e4b08c986b32b3d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lund, William R.","contributorId":48320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70016573,"text":"70016573 - 1991 - Trondhjemitic, 1.35-1.31 Ga gneisses of the Mount Holly Complex of Vermont: evidence for an Elzevirian event in the Grenville Basement of the United States Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:48:32.534194","indexId":"70016573","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trondhjemitic, 1.35-1.31 Ga gneisses of the Mount Holly Complex of Vermont: evidence for an Elzevirian event in the Grenville Basement of the United States Appalachians","docAbstract":"A newly recognized suite of trondhjemite–tonalite and dacitic gneiss forms a 10 km wide belt of rocks within the Mount Holly Complex in the central part of the Green Mountain massif of Vermont. Field relationships and chemistry indicate that these gneisses are calc-alkaline, volcanic, and hypabyssal plutonic rocks older than the Middle Proterozoic regional deformation that affected the Mount Holly Complex. U–Pb zircon dates indicate ages as great as 1.35 Ga for crystallization of the volcanic protoliths and for intrusion of crosscutting trondhjemite. Tonalitic plutonism continued until 1.31 Ga.Map-scale contacts between the trondhjemitic–tonalitic–dacitic gneisses and the paragneiss sequence of the Mount Holly Complex are sharp, suggesting that the volcanic rocks of the trondhjemite–tonalite suite underlie the paragneiss units and do not intrude them. These relationships suggest that the trondhjemite–tonalite suite is either considerably older than, and unconformable beneath, the paragneiss cover rocks or represents a volcanic edifice slightly older than the deposition of the sedimentary precursor to the paragneiss units. The paragneiss and tonalite–trondhjemite gneisses are both intruded by younger granitoids that were intruded at about 1.25 Ga during strong dynamothermal metamorphism.The trondhjemitic gneisses of the Mount Holly Complex of Vermont have high Al2O3 and low Yb contents and light rare-earth element enrichment patterns that are more characteristic of continental than oceanic volcanic arcs. The Mount Holly intrusives and volcanics may have formed during 1.35–1.31 Ga ensialic volcanic-arc activity, contemporaneous with ensimatic arc activity during the early part of the Elzevirian phase of the Grenville orogeny. In Vermont, later deformation and granite intrusion at about 1.25 Ga coincide with the major pulse of the Elzevirian orogeny and associated trondhjemitic plutonism in the Central Metasedimentary Belt of eastern Canada.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e91-007","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., Aleinikoff, J.N., Burton, W., and Karabinos, P., 1991, Trondhjemitic, 1.35-1.31 Ga gneisses of the Mount Holly Complex of Vermont: evidence for an Elzevirian event in the Grenville Basement of the United States Appalachians: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, no. 1, p. 77-93, https://doi.org/10.1139/e91-007.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223014,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Mountains, Green Mountain Massif, Mount Holly Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.18804873081775,\n 42.982419440295075\n ],\n [\n -72.84188603089605,\n 42.97826782801144\n ],\n [\n -72.79365024484139,\n 43.28886064626457\n ],\n [\n -73.00361778413804,\n 43.29505641101093\n ],\n [\n -73.18804873081775,\n 42.982419440295075\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb881e4b08c986b3278c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, N. M.","contributorId":80691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"N.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, W.C.","contributorId":41439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karabinos, P.","contributorId":72153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karabinos","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003844,"text":"1003844 - 1991 - Mortality in tundra swans Cygnus columbianus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T17:39:24","indexId":"1003844","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality in tundra swans Cygnus columbianus","docAbstract":"Our paper identifies and examines the significance of hunting and non-hunting mortality affecting the Eastern Population (EP) and Western Population (WP) (see Serie & Bartonek 1991a) of Tundra Swans. Sport hunting (Serie & Bartonek 1991b), native subsistence hunting (Copp 1989, Stewart & Bernier 1989), malicious shooting (McKelvey & MacNeill 1981), avian cholera (Friend et al. 1981, Schroeder 1983), ecto- and endoparasites (Trauger & Bartonek 1977, Woebeser 1981), lead poisoning (Sherwood 1960, Friend et al. 1981), collision (Willard 1978), and drowning (Miller et al. 1986) have been documented as being direct or indirect causes of mortality in fledged Tundra Swans; but their relative importance remains unknown.
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James C.","contributorId":38085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartonek","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Serie, J.R.","contributorId":54919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serie","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016367,"text":"70016367 - 1991 - The Wasatch fault zone, utah-segmentation and history of Holocene earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-10T00:09:00.870699","indexId":"70016367","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Wasatch fault zone, utah-segmentation and history of Holocene earthquakes","docAbstract":"The Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) forms the eastern boundary of the Basin and Range province and is the longest continuous, active normal fault (343 km) in the United States. It underlies an urban corridor of 1.6 million people (80% of Utah's population) representing the largest earthquake risk in the interior of the western United States.
We have used paleoseismological data to identify 10 discrete segments of the WFZ. Five are active, medial segments with Holocene slip rates of 1–2 mm a−1, recurrence intervals of 2000–4000 years and average lengths of about 50 km. Five are less active, distal segments with mostly pre-Holocene surface ruptures, late Quaternary slip rates of <0.5 mm a−1 recurrence intervals of ≥10,000 years and average lengths of about 20 km. Surface-faulting events on each of the medial segments of the WFZ formed 2–4-m-high scarps repeatedly during the Holocene; latest Pleistocene (14–15 ka) deposits commonly have scarps as much as 15–20 m in height. Segments identified from paleoseismological studies of other major late Quaternary normal faults in the northern Basin and Range province are 20–25 km long, or about half of that proposed for the medial segments of the WFZ.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0191-8141(91)90062-N","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Machette, M.N., Personius, S., Nelson, A., Schwartz, D.P., and Lund, W., 1991, The Wasatch fault zone, utah-segmentation and history of Holocene earthquakes: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 13, no. 2, p. 137-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(91)90062-N.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba97be4b08c986b3222c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lund, W.R.","contributorId":58781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":28665,"text":"wri904115 - 1990 - Water-resources potential of the freshwater lens at Key West, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T12:10:52.107661","indexId":"wri904115","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:05:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4115","title":"Water-resources potential of the freshwater lens at Key West, Florida","docAbstract":"The island of Key West lies at the end of the Florida Keys, about 150 miles southwest of Miami. The public-water supply for the island is provided by the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority Well Field near Miami. However, there are many privately owned wells on the island that tap the local fresh ground-water lens for potable and nonpotable water supply. The number of people who use water from the wells for drinking purposes is unknown.\r\n\r\nFrom 1985 to 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District, conducted an investigation to characterize the Key West freshwater lens. Observation wells were drilled to determine the extent of the lens and to characterize the water quality. Previous well logs and well-core data collected during the investigation showed the aquifer to be a highly permeable, porous, solution-riddled, oolitic limestone that allows rainfall recharge to quickly seep into the ocean and saltwater to easily intrude the aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe small freshwater lens (250 milligrams per liter of chloride concentration, or less) averages 5 feet in thickness below the center of the western half (Old Town) of the island. The lens contains about 20 million gallons of fresh-water during the dry season and about 30 million gallons during the wet season. Underlying the freshwater lens is a transition zone of freshwater-saltwater mix that extends to the saltwater interface (19,000 milligrams per liter of chloride concentration), which is about 40-feet deep at the center of the lens. The water table fluctuates and the configuration of the lens constantly changes, largely as a result of tidal effects. Other events, such as rainfall, pumping, and evapotranspiration, are masked by the tidal effects.\r\n\r\nThe freshwater lens is a calcium bicarbonate water that grades to a sodium chloride type near the saltwater interface. Elevated concentrations of nitrate nitrogen were found in water samples from wells in the Old Town district. However, concentrations generally were not above the maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter for drinking water established by the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. Water samples near an old land-fill in the eastern half of the island had concentrations of iron (600-1,900 micrograms per liter) and lead (40-800 micrograms per liter) that extended maximum contaminant levels of 300 and 50 micrograms per liter. These trace-element concentrations generally decreased with distance from the landfill.\r\n\r\nAlthough the freshwater lens is a potential source of water for additional nonpotable water needs in Key West, any large-scale pumping could quickly exhaust the freshwater lens, and saline water could be rapidly drawn though the porous limestone aquifer. Water-quality data indicate that the lens is an unlikely source of potable water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri904115","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, D., 1990, Water-resources potential of the freshwater lens at Key West, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4115, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904115.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57505,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4115/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"882 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 90-4115"},{"id":124359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4115/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Key West","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.11181640625,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 24.766784522874453\n ],\n [\n -82.11181640625,\n 24.766784522874453\n ],\n [\n -82.11181640625,\n 24.44714958973082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The unprecedented natural gas price increases in the late 1970's and early 1980's allowed a glimpse of part of the in-situ distribution of natural gas fields that had been hidden by economic truncation. Analysis of those discoveries shows the distribution to be characterized by progressively larger numbers of fields as size category declines. This paper demonstrates the effects of economic truncation for gas fields found in Texas State and Federal offshore areas in the Gulf of Mexico. Economic and policy implications of alternative in-situ field size distribution influence future gas supplies, the associated costs, and petroleum industry activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Publications","doi":"10.1177/014459879000800307","issn":"01445987","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Drew, L., 1990, Economic implications of petroleum field size distributions: Energy Exploration & Exploitation, v. 8, no. 3, p. 245-257, https://doi.org/10.1177/014459879000800307.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"257","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112564e4b034bf6a81e5b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":190730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179027,"text":"70179027 - 1990 - Base of moderately saline ground water in San Juan County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T14:50:45","indexId":"70179027","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"94","title":"Base of moderately saline ground water in San Juan County, Utah","docAbstract":"The base of moderately saline ground water (water that contains from 3,000 to 10,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids) was delineated for San Juan County, Utah, based on water-quality data and on formation-water resistivities determined from geophysical well logs using the resistivity-porosity, spontaneous-potential, and resistivity-ratio methods. These data and the contour map developed from them show that a thick layer of very saline to briny ground water (water that contains more than 10,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids) underlies the eastern two-thirds of San Juan County. The upper surface of this layer is affected by the geologic structure of the area, but it may be modified locally by recharge mounds of less saline water and by vertical leakage of water through transmissive faults and fractures. The highest altitude of the base of moderately saline water is west of the Abajo Mountains where it is more than 6,500 feet above sea level. The lowest altitude is in the western part of the county and is below sea level: depressions in the base of moderately saline water in recharge areas in the La Sal and Abajo Mountains also may be that low. The base of moderately saline water commonly is in the Permian Cutler Formation or the Pennsylvanian Honaker Trail Formation of the Hermosa Group, but locally may be as high stratigraphically as the Triassic (?) and Jurassic Navajo Sandstone north of the Abajo Mountains and in the Jurassic Morrison Formation south of the mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Oil, Gas and Mining","usgsCitation":"Howells, L., 1990, Base of moderately saline ground water in San Juan County, Utah: Technical Publication 94, iv, 35.","productDescription":"iv, 35","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332061,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w92000ah.pdf"},{"id":332060,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-360"}],"country":"United 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Juan\",\"state\":\"UT\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bee4b08138bf1abd6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howells, Lewis","contributorId":12081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howells","given":"Lewis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179025,"text":"70179025 - 1990 - Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T14:09:30","indexId":"70179025","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"93","title":"Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"The ground-water resources in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah, were studied to better define the ground-water system; to document changes in ground-water levels, quality, and storage; and to simulate effects of an increase in ground-water withdrawals. The East Shore aquifer system is in basin-fill deposits, and is primarily a confined system with unconfined parts near the mountain front.
Recharge to and discharge from the East Shore aquifer system were estimated to average about 160,000 acre-feet per year during 1969-84, with minor amounts of water being removed from storage during that period. Major sources of ground-water recharge are seepage from surface water in natural channels and irrigation canals, and subsurface inflow from consolidated rock to the basin-fill deposits. Discharge of ground water is primarily to wells, water courses, springs, and as diffuse seepage to Great Salt Lake. Average annual surface-water inflow to the study area was estimated to be 860,000 acre-feet for the period 1969-84. Annual withdrawal of ground water for municipal and industrial use increased from about 10,000 acre-feet in 1960 to more than 30,000 acre-feet in 1980 to supply a population that increased from 175,000 in 1960 to 290,000 in 1980.
Long-term trends of ground-water levels indicate a steady decline at most observation wells since 1952, despite near normal or increased precipitation since the late 1960's. Water levels declined as much as 50 feet near the principal pumping center in the east-central part of the study area. They declined as much as 35 feet more than five miles from the pumping center. The increase in withdrawals and subsequent water-level declines have caused about 700 wells within 30 square miles to cease flowing since 1954.
A numerical model of the East Shore aquifer system in the Weber Delta area was constructed and calibrated using water-level data and changes in ground-water withdrawals for 1955-85. Predictive simulations were made based on doubling the 1980-84 rate of municipal and industrial withdrawals for 20 years, and using both average and below-average recharge rates. The simulations indicated water-level declines of an additional 35 to 50 feet near the principal pumping center; a decrease in natural discharge to drains, evapotranspiration, and Great Salt Lake; and a decrease in ground-water storage of 80,000 to 115,000 acre-feet after 20 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.W., Appel, C.L., Lambert, P.M., and Puryear, R.L., 1990, Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah: Technical Publication 93, xi, 150 p.","productDescription":"xi, 150 p.","numberOfPages":"160","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-330"},{"id":332057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/y920/y9200002.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Box Elder County, Davis County, Weber County","otherGeospatial":"East Shore Area, Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.39013671875,\n 40.65563874006118\n ],\n [\n -112.39013671875,\n 41.430371882652814\n ],\n [\n -111.5277099609375,\n 41.430371882652814\n ],\n [\n -111.5277099609375,\n 40.65563874006118\n ],\n [\n -112.39013671875,\n 40.65563874006118\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bee4b08138bf1abd6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, David W.","contributorId":77146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appel, Cynthia L.","contributorId":34509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6808-2303 plambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-2303","contributorId":349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Patrick","email":"plambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Puryear, Robert L.","contributorId":85191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puryear","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223016,"text":"5223016 - 1990 - Surveying woodland raptors by broadcast of conspecific vocalizations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:36","indexId":"5223016","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:08","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surveying woodland raptors by broadcast of conspecific vocalizations","docAbstract":"We surveyed for raptors in forests on study areas in five of the eastern United States. For Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperi), Red-shouldered Hawks (Buteo lineatus), and Barred Owls (Strix varia) the contact rates obtained by broadcasting taped vocalizations of conspecifics along roads were significantly greater than contact rates obtained by only looking and listening from the roadside. Broad-winged Hawks (B. platypterus) were detected only after their calls were broadcast. Most raptors were detected within 10 min of the beginning of the broadcasts. Red-tailed Hawks (B. jamaicensis) and Goshawks (A. gentilis) nested infrequently on our study areas, and we were unable to increase detections of these species. Generally, point count transects along woodland roads, from which conspecific vocalizations were broadcast, resulted in higher species specific detection rates than when walking, driving continuously, or only looking and listening for raptors at roadside stops.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mosher, J.A., Fuller, M., and Kopeny, M., 1990, Surveying woodland raptors by broadcast of conspecific vocalizations: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 61, no. 4, p. 453-461.","productDescription":"453-461","startPage":"453","endPage":"461","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17971,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v061n04/p0453-p0461.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosher, J. A.","contributorId":34605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kopeny, M.","contributorId":52288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopeny","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222424,"text":"5222424 - 1990 - [Book review] Ospreys: A natural and unnatural history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T16:38:08","indexId":"5222424","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:11","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Ospreys: A natural and unnatural history","docAbstract":"The Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is now arguably the world's best known bird of prey. The DDT-related Osprey population crash in the northeastern United States resulted in an unparalleled amount of research during the last 20 years. In 1969, when I published my first paper on Ospreys in The Auk, there were only three or four osprey papers of consequence in the United States, plus an important paper on Swedish Ospreys, which hardly compares to the nearly 300 papers (the great majority dealing with Ospreys) cited by Poole in his book. Based on his detailed investigations in eastern North America and the literature from throughout the world, Poole wrote a book with perfect timing. A synthesis of the massive literature on this species was needed, and judging from the bio- logical soundness, completeness, and clear writing style, Poole was the proper person to write the book. Of course it is one aim to prepare a synthesis but, in addition, Poole carefully points out potential biases in data, gaps in information, and needs for further research. The book is both informative, and points out research problems for the next generation of Osprey investigators.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088026","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., 1990, [Book review] Ospreys: A natural and unnatural history: The Auk, v. 107, no. 4, p. 808-809, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088026.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"808","endPage":"809","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"4","publicComments":"Review of: Ospreys: A Natural and Unnatural History. Alan F. Poole. 1989. Cambridge, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press. xviii + 246 pp., 92 text figures, 21 text tables, 10 appendices (figures and tables). ISBN 0-521-30623-X","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47bde4b07f02db4a4288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210483,"text":"5210483 - 1990 - Owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210483","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Owls","docAbstract":"Eight species of owls regularly occur and may breed in one or more of the southeastern states. Several additional northern or western species appear irregularly as accidentals or during years of southward incursions. In the Southeast, the most common and wide- spread owls are the common barn-owl, eastern screech-owl, great horned owl and barred owl; the most restricted is the burrowing owl. The long-eared, short-eared, and northern saw-whet owls are primarily winter visitors in this region, although small and very localized nesting populations of short-eared owls may occur in Virginia. Long-eared owls and northern saw-whet owls may occur in West Virginia and northern saw-whet owls may occur in the highlands of Tennessee and North Carolina. Several owls of the Southeast are Blue-listed as threatened, endangered, or of local concern, including the common barn-owl, eastern screech-owl, burrow'ing owl and short-eared owl. The nesting status of the long-eared owl and northern saw-whet owl are still poorly known. These two owls should be included on stat and regional lists of species of special concern. Important limiting factors for all owls of the Southeast include habitat loss and human related mortality. Management issues center on obtaining a data base useful in predicting the effects of current forest management practices on owl populations and encouraging use of forestry techniques that least impact owls. Research needs include initiating studies of all aspects of the life history and habitat relationships of each owl species.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Southeast Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation.","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Ellis, D.H., and Millsap, B., 1990, Owls, chap. of Proceedings of the Southeast Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. , p. 89-117.","productDescription":"xii, 245","startPage":"89","endPage":"117","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47b1e4b07f02db49d32f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Beth Giron","contributorId":111970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"Giron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506518,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millsap, B.A.","contributorId":30716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millsap","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039527,"text":"70039527 - 1990 - The Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989 : a brief geologic view of what caused the Loma Prieta earthquake and implications for future California earthquakes: What happened ... what is expected ... what can be done.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039527","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-15T15:10:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"The Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989 : a brief geologic view of what caused the Loma Prieta earthquake and implications for future California earthquakes: What happened ... what is expected ... what can be done.","docAbstract":"The San Andreas fault, in California, is the primary boundary between the North American plate and the Pacific plate. Land west of the fault has been moving northwestward relative to land on the east at an average rate of 2 inches per year for millions of years. This motion is not constant but occurs typically in sudden jumps during large earthquakes. This motion is relentless; therefore earthquakes in California are inevitable.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039527","usgsCitation":"Ward, P.L., and Page, R.A., 1990, The Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989 : a brief geologic view of what caused the Loma Prieta earthquake and implications for future California earthquakes: What happened ... what is expected ... what can be done., 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039527.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261654,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039527/report.pdf"},{"id":261655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039527/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7b7e4b08c986b32175f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Peter L.","contributorId":86324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, Robert A.","contributorId":17207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016315,"text":"70016315 - 1990 - Role of heat and detachment in continental extension as viewed from the eastern basin and range province in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-20T15:04:57.5811","indexId":"70016315","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of heat and detachment in continental extension as viewed from the eastern basin and range province in Arizona","docAbstract":"The Bill Williams River area of west-central Arizona includes not only the Rawhide-Buckskin metamorphic core complex, which is part of the lower Colorado River highly extended terrane (HET), but also the boundary between the extended terranes of the Basin and Range Province and the less deformed Arizona Transition Zone/Colorado Plateau. This provides important constraints on models that address the mechanisms for the mid- to late Tertiary deformation.
Three phases of extension are present. The oldest is the extension associated with core-complex tectonism, which characteristically shows a lower plate composed of lineated mylonitic gneiss overlain by a detachment fault that is regionally nearly horizontal but undulates at the local scale. The fault in turn is overlain by an upper plate that includes Precambrian basement rocks, recrystallized Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic(?) metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of greenschist facies, and unaltered to hydrothermally altered syntectonic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Miocene age. The upper plate is cut by closely spaced faults of modest structural relief that strike northwest and strongly rotate intervening blocks to face southwest. Most of these faults do not penetrate below the detachment fault. Fault spacing increases, and rotation decreases, to the northeast, away from the trace of the detachment. The second phase consists of “classic” Basin-Range high-angle normal faults that strike about north and have wide spacing, high structural relief, and modest rotation of blocks. These faults have no consistent direction of displacement and so produced horst and graben that form the ranges and basins visible today. This phase is locally superposed on Phase I, and also extends in more subdued form into the Transition Zone/Colorado Plateau. The third phase consists of tectonic quiescence and is present everywhere except parts of the Transition Zone that are still active seismically.
The first phase occurred in the early and middle Miocene and was accompanied by deposition of syntectonic fluviolacustrine rocks (Suite I); the second (middle to late Miocene) was marked by interior-basin deposits (Suite II); the third (latest Miocene through Quaternary) is characterized by deposits related to through-flowing drainage.
The phases grade into each other and thus are likely to be genetically related. Tectonic models must take into account not only the geographic distribution of deformation at any one time but also the time-dependent succession of deformation at any one place. A model proposed in this paper attempts to do this.
The model is thermotectonic. A heating event in the lower crust, (basaltic intrusion, asthenospheric upwelling) combined with stretching, causes a sharp thermal front to rise within the crust. Embedded within the front is an “isotherm” that marks the brittle-ductile transition. As the front rises, it leaves behind a trail of shear zones, each marking a locus of preferred failure defined by mechanical or physical properties, or combinations thereof. The highest shear zone, now preserved in fossil form as the “detachment”, occurs where the front impinges on the meteoric groundwater, a few km below the topographic surface. The water steepens the thermal gradient at the front, which it stabilizes. A convective hydrothermal circulation system is established, causing alteration and mineralization above the ductile-brittle transition, as well as pore overpressure that results in hydrofracturing (producing monolithologic breccias) and the sliding of gravity-glide sheets. During these events, extension is taking place by brittle failure in the upper plate and ductile deformation below the detachment. Simultaneously, the hottest areas (core complexes) are updomed, promoting drainage reversals and the sliding of breccias and glide sheets. All this occurred only in the hottest areas or “blisters”, now marked by the core complexes. Distal areas showed less or no deformation at the surface. With time and the waning of the thermal event, the thermal front, and thus the brittle-ductile transition, smoothed out and sank, again leaving a trail of shear zones. Phase 1 deformation ceased and was replaced by Phase 2 deformation that occurred over a much wider area. Eventually, the front sank so deep that surface deformation ceased. This illustrates how the style of deformation at the surface may be a measure of the depth to the brittle-ductile transition.
According to the thermotectonic model, extensional strain does not need to be constant along the detachment, in contrast to models involving simple shear through crustal-scale normal faults. On the contrary, one would expect strain to vary geographically as a function of maximum temperature attained, because of the well known relation between temperature and lithospheric strength. The thermotectonic model is also in good accord with geophysical characteristics of the Basin and Range Province, which suggests that extension was accompanied by intrusion of basalt into the lower crust, with consequent heating and anatexis.
Many studies in the U.S. and elsewhere support the model by showing that continental extension commonly is accompanied by near-surface temperatures corresponding to the brittle-ductile transition, by steep thermal gradients, and by hydrothemal convective systems.
A possible driving mechanism from the thermotectonic processes described by the model is the rise of asthenospheric domes or welts, which thin the lithosphere by subcrustal transfer while heating and stretching it. An asthenospheric welt that migrates northeastward while dying out might explain the encroachment of relatively subdued extension onto the Colorado Plateau, as well as the juxtaposition of compressive stress on the plateau with extensional stress in the adjacent Transition Zone and Basin and Range Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(90)90385-L","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, I., 1990, Role of heat and detachment in continental extension as viewed from the eastern basin and range province in Arizona: Tectonophysics, v. 174, no. 1-2, p. 77-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90385-L.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"114","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223417,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.11040219330253,\n 37.085662597227596\n ],\n [\n -114.10444816448911,\n 36.30512842639031\n ],\n [\n -114.8573799166903,\n 36.02538022975845\n ],\n [\n -114.71636098248497,\n 33.24395951089163\n ],\n [\n -114.79917492635654,\n 32.476304116176465\n ],\n [\n -111.10574232896127,\n 31.364458671785457\n ],\n [\n -109.03791293413464,\n 31.30894766509266\n ],\n [\n -109.03791293413464,\n 37.085662597227596\n ],\n [\n -114.11040219330253,\n 37.085662597227596\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"174","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae53e4b0c8380cd8708c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Ivo","contributorId":94291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Ivo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":60324,"text":"mf2138G - 1990 - Map showing the distribution of silver in stream-sediment samples, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T20:26:48.684931","indexId":"mf2138G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2138","chapter":"G","title":"Map showing the distribution of silver in stream-sediment samples, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"This map of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah, shows the regional distribution of silver in the less-than-0.180-mm (minus-80-mesh) fraction of stream-sediments. It is part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other published geochemical maps in this folio are listed in the references (this publication).
\nThe Richfield quadrangle is located in west-central Utah and includes the eastern part of the Pioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Pioche in southeastern Nevada, east-northeastward for 155 miles into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is part of the Basin and Range province, whereas the eastern third is part of the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.
\nBedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks located in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrain into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were eroded to various degrees and the resulting debris was deposited in adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed as a result of igneous activity in the middle and late Cenozoic time. A more complete description of the geology and a mineral-resource appraisal of the Richfield quadrangle appears in Steven and Morris (1984 and 1987).
\nThe regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends that can be utilized along with geological and geophysical data to assess the mineral-resource potential for this quadrangle. Reconnaissance geochemical surveys are valuable tools in mineral exploration, especially when used in conjunction with data obtained from other earth science disciplines. Identifying specific exploration targets generally involves additional, more detailed investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf2138G","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1990, Map showing the distribution of silver in stream-sediment samples, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2138, 1 Plate: 40.36 x 24.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2138G.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 40.36 x 24.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2138g.jpg"},{"id":283676,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2138-G/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":390778,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5748.htm"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db660f8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":60317,"text":"mf2138A - 1990 - Map showing distribution of barium in stream-sediment samples, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T20:02:18.85479","indexId":"mf2138A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2138","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing distribution of barium in stream-sediment samples, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"This map of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle shows the regional distribution of barium in the less-than-0.180-mm (minus-80-mesh) fraction of stream sediments. It is part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other published geochemical maps in this folio are listed in the references (this publication).
\nThe Richfield quadrangle is located in west-central Utah and includes the eastern part of the Pioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Pioche in southeastern Nevada, east-northeastward for 155 miles into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is part of the Basin and Range province, whereas the eastern third is part of the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.
\nBedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks located in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrain into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were eroded to various degrees and the resulting debris was deposited in adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed as a result of igneous activity in the middle and late Cenozoic time. A more complete description of the geology and a mineral-resource appraisal of the Richfield quadrangle appears in Steven and Morris (1984 and 1987).
\nThe regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends that can be utilized along with geological and geophysical data to assess the mineral-resource potential for this quadrangle. Reconnaissance geochemical surveys are valuable tools in mineral exploration, especially when used in conjunction with data obtained from other earth science disciplines. Identifying specific exploration targets generally involves additional, more detailed investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf2138A","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1990, Map showing distribution of barium in stream-sediment samples, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2138, 1 Plate: 41.85 x 24.52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2138A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41.85 x 24.52 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390769,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5742.htm"},{"id":283670,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2138-A/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":179827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2138a.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db660eaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}