Between 1961 and 1969, Alan Griggs and others conducted fieldwork to prepare a geologic map of the Spokane 1:250,000 map (Griggs, 1973). Their field observations were posted on paper copies of 15-minute quadrangle maps. In 1999, the USGS contracted with the Idaho Geological Survey to prepare a digital version of the Coeur d’Alene 1:100,000 quadrangle. To facilitate this work, the USGS obtained the field maps prepared by Griggs and others from the USGS Field Records Library in Denver, Colorado. The Idaho Geological Survey (IGS) digitized these maps and used them in their mapping program. The mapping focused on field checks to resolve problems in poorly known areas and in areas of disagreement between adjoining maps. The IGS is currently in the process of preparing a final digital spatial database for the Coeur d’Alene 1:100,000 quadrangle. However, there was immediate need for a digital version of the geologic map of the Coeur d’Alene 1:100,000 quadrangle and the data from the field sheets along with several other sources were assembled to produce this interim product.
\nThis interim product is the digital geologic map of the Coeur d’Alene 1:100,000 quadrangle, Idaho and Montana. It was compiled from the preliminary digital files prepared by the Idaho Geological, and supplemented by data from Griggs (1973) and from digital databases by Bookstrom and others (1999) and Derkey and others (1996). The resulting digital geologic map (GIS) database can be queried in many ways to produce a variety of geologic maps. Digital base map data files (topography, roads, towns, rivers and lakes, etc.) are not included: they may be obtained from a variety of commercial and government sources. This database is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:100,000 (e.g., 1:62,500 or 1:24,000). The digital geologic map graphics (of00-135_map.pdf) that are provided are representations of the digital database.
\nThe map area is located in north Idaho. This open-file report describes the geologic map units, the methods used to convert the geologic map data into a digital format, the ArcInfo GIS file structures and relationships, and explains how to download the digital files from the U.S. Geological Survey public access World Wide Web site on the Internet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"2000, Digital geologic map of the Coeur d'Alene 1:100,000 quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-135, Report: ii, 30 p.; Data; Map: 40.5 x 29.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00135.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 30 p.; Data; Map: 40.5 x 29.0 inches","numberOfPages":"32","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00135.jpg"},{"id":110137,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34289.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34289"},{"id":281184,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0135/pdf/of00-134_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1"},{"id":281183,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0135/of00-135.tar.Z"},{"id":2645,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD27","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,47.5 ], [ -117.0,48.0 ], [ -116.0,48.0 ], [ -116.0,47.5 ], [ -117.0,47.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a97e4b07f02db65ae00","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Munts, Steven R.","contributorId":104110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munts","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876025,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31183,"text":"ofr00445 - 2000 - Selected hydrologic and water-quality data, 1997 through 1999, for the Lake Traverse Reservation/Roberts County water-resources investigation in South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:06","indexId":"ofr00445","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-445","title":"Selected hydrologic and water-quality data, 1997 through 1999, for the Lake Traverse Reservation/Roberts County water-resources investigation in South Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr00445","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.F., 2000, Selected hydrologic and water-quality data, 1997 through 1999, for the Lake Traverse Reservation/Roberts County water-resources investigation in South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-445, ix, 304 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00445.","productDescription":"ix, 304 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0445/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59698,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0445/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8d3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, R. F.","contributorId":67115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24107,"text":"ofr2000499 - 2000 - Simple Techniques For Assessing Impacts Of Oil And Gas Operations On Federal Lands - A Field Evaluation At Big South Fork National River And Recreation Area, Scott County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr2000499","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-499","title":"Simple Techniques For Assessing Impacts Of Oil And Gas Operations On Federal Lands - A Field Evaluation At Big South Fork National River And Recreation Area, Scott County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Simple, cost-effective techniques are needed for land\r\nmanagers to assess the environmental impacts of oil and gas\r\nproduction activities on public lands so that sites may be\r\nprioritized for further, more formal assessment or remediation.\r\nThese techniques should allow the field investigator to extend\r\nthe assessment beyond the surface disturbances documented by\r\nsimple observation and mapping using field-portable instruments\r\nand expendable materials that provide real-time data. The\r\nprincipal contaminants of current concern are hydrocarbons,\r\nproduced water, and naturally occurring radioactive materials\r\n(NORM). Field investigators can examine sites for the impacts\r\nof hydrocarbon releases using a photoionization detector (PID)\r\nand a soil auger. Volatile organic carbon (VOC) in soil gases\r\nin an open auger hole or in the head space of a bagged and\r\ngently warmed auger soil sample can be measured by the PID.\r\nThis allows detection of hydrocarbon movement in the shallow\r\nsubsurface away from areas of obvious oil-stained soils or oil\r\nin pits at a production site. Similarly, a field conductivity\r\nmeter and chloride titration strips can be used to measure salts\r\nin water and soil samples at distances well beyond areas of\r\nsurface salt scarring. Use of a soil auger allows detection of\r\nsaline subsoils in areas where salts may be flushed from the\r\nsurface soil layers. Finally, a microRmeter detects the\r\npresence of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in\r\nequipment and soils. NORM often goes undetected at many sites\r\nalthough regulations limiting NORM in equipment and soils are\r\nbeing promulgated in several States and are being considered by\r\nthe USEPA. With each technique, background sampling should be\r\ndone for comparison with impacted areas.\r\nThe authors examined sites in the Big South Fork National\r\nRiver and Recreation Area in November of 1999. A pit at one\r\nsite at the edge of the flood plain of a small stream had\r\nreceived crude oil releases from a nearby tank. Auger holes\r\ndown gradient from the pit showed the presence of anomalous\r\nconcentrations of VOCs at depths of 3 feet for a distance of\r\nabout 50 feet. PID readings at other sites showed 1) one\r\nreclaimed site where hydrocarbon biodegradation was incomplete;\r\n2) one reclaimed site where biodegradation had left no traces of\r\nVOCS; and 3) two sites where traces of substantial offsite\r\nmigration of hydrocarbons occurred. Produced water salts at one\r\nsite have migrated many 100s of feet downvalley from the area of\r\nsalt scarring and tree death adjacent to the pits. Naturally\r\noccurring radioactivity (NORM) at most sites was at background.\r\nOne site showed anomalous radioactivity related to NORM in a small brine pit. Some of this NORM has moved downslope from the\r\noutlet pipe to the pit.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000499","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., and Zielinski, R.A., 2000, Simple Techniques For Assessing Impacts Of Oil And Gas Operations On Federal Lands - A Field Evaluation At Big South Fork National River And Recreation Area, Scott County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-499, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000499.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12448,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-499/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3a0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23469,"text":"ofr00506 - 2000 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:32:55.643478","indexId":"ofr00506","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-506","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"In April 2000 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established 211 gravity stations in the Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat area of west-central Nevada (see figure 1). The stations were located about 15 miles north of Reno, Nevada, southwest of Dogskin Mountain, and east of Petersen Mountain, concentrated in Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat (figure 2). The ranges in this area primarily consist of normal-faulted Cretaceous granitic rocks, with some volcanic and metavolcanic rocks.\n\nThe purpose of the survey was to characterize the hydrogeologic framework of Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat in support of future hydrologic investigations. The information developed during this study can be used in groundwater models.\n\nGravity data were collected between latitude 39°37.5' and 40°00' N and longitude 119°37.5' and 120°00' W. The stations were located on the Seven Lakes Mountain, Dogskin Mountain, Granite Peak, Bedell Flat, Fraser Flat, and Reno NE 7.5 minute quadrangles. All data were tied to secondary base station RENO-A located on the campus of the University of Nevada at Reno (UNR) in Reno, Nevada (latitude 39°32.30' N, longitude 119°48.70' W, observed gravity value 979674.69 mGal). The value for observed gravity was calculated by multiple ties to the base station RENO (latitude 39°32.30' N, longitude 119°48.70' W, observed gravity value 979674.65 mGal), also on the UNR campus. The isostatic gravity map (figure 3) includes additional data sets from the following sources: 202 stations from a Geological Survey digital data set (Ponce, 1997), and 126 stations from Thomas C. Carpenter (written commun., 1998).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00506","usgsCitation":"Jewel, E.B., Ponce, D.A., and Morin, R.L., 2000, Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-506, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00506.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/pdf/of00-506.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414299,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34762.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley, Bedell Flat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -119.625,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -119.625,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 39.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jewel, Eleanore B.","contributorId":91787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewel","given":"Eleanore","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24907,"text":"ofr00322 - 2000 - Concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc measured near the peak of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff hydrographs for 42 water-quality stations, Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-25T20:57:54","indexId":"ofr00322","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-322","title":"Concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc measured near the peak of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff hydrographs for 42 water-quality stations, Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency within the Spokane River Basin of northern Idaho and eastern Washington included extensive data-collection activities to determine the nature and extent of trace-element contamination within the basin. The U.S. Geological Survey designed and implemented synoptic sampling of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff event at 42 water- quality stations during the 1999 water year. The distribution of the 42 stations was as follows: North Fork Coeur d’Alene River and tributaries, 4 stations; South Fork Coeur d’Alene River, 13 stations; Canyon, Ninemile, and Pine Creeks, 4 stations each; other tributaries to South Fork Coeur d’Alene River, 10 stations; and main stem Coeur d’Alene River, 3 stations. The objective was to synoptically collect discharge and water-quality data in order to significantly improve the estimation of trace-element loads from multiple contributing source areas during the snowmelt-runoff event. Discharge and water-quality data were collected near the peak discharge during late May 1999. Each station was sampled for whole-water recoverable and dissolved concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc.\nThree general concentration levels of cadmium, lead, and zinc were noted among the 42 stations. Dissolved cadmium concentrations were less than 1 microgram per liter (μg/L) at 26 stations, exceeded 10 μg/L at 1 station, and ranged from 1 to 10 μg/L at the remaining 15 stations. Whole-water recoverable cadmium concentrations were less than 1 μg/L at 23 stations, exceeded 10 μg/L at 4 stations, and ranged from 1 to 10 μg/L at the remaining 15 stations. Dissolved lead concentrations were less than 1 μg/L at 22 stations, exceeded 10 μg/L at 7 stations, and ranged from 1 to 10 μg/L at the remaining 13 stations. Whole-water recoverable lead concentrations were less than 10 μg/L at 13 stations, exceeded 500 μg/L at 20 stations, and ranged from 10 to 500 μg/L at the remaining 9 stations. Dis- solved zinc concentrations were less than 10 μg/L at 14 stations, exceeded 500 μg/L at 6 stations, and ranged from 10 to 500 μg/L at the remaining 22 stations. Whole-water recoverable zinc concentrations were less than 10 μg/L at 9 stations, exceeded 500 μg/L at 15 stations, and ranged from 10 to 500 μg/L at the remaining 18 stations.\nThe accounting of tributary loads between two South Fork stations at O’Brien Gulch and Pinehurst revealed differences between dissolved and whole-water recoverable loads, as well as differences among the three trace elements. Tributary loads accounted for an average of 29 percent (range of 27 to 31.6 percent) of the differences in whole-water recoverable loads of the three trace elements between the O’Brien Gulch and Pinehurst stations. This result implies that the main stem of the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River is an important source of sediment-associated trace elements under elevated streamflows. In the case of dissolved loads of cadmium and zinc, the tributary loads accounted for about one-half (range of 47.3 to 55 percent) of the differences between the two South Fork stations. As with whole-water recoverable loads, this result indicates an important source of dissolved cadmium and zinc within the main stem. The picture is much different for dissolved lead loads: About 94 percent of the load difference between the O’Brien Gulch and Pinehurst stations was accounted for by loads from the 13 tributaries.\nThe Coeur d’Alene River near Harrison transported 924 pounds of dissolved lead per day, of which 82.8 pounds came from the South Fork and 11.7 pounds from the North Fork. Only 10.2 percent of the load at Harrison was measured at the Pinehurst and Enaville stations; therefore, a substantial load of dissolved lead is being contributed downstream from the confluence of the North and South Forks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00322","isbn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 2000, Concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc measured near the peak of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff hydrographs for 42 water-quality stations, Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-322, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00322.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"67","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262318,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0322/report.pdf"},{"id":262319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0322/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Coeur D'alene River;South Fork Coeur D'alene River;Canyon Creek;Ninemile Creek;Pine Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.9695,47.3499 ], [ -116.9695,47.8014 ], [ -115.4985,47.8014 ], [ -115.4985,47.3499 ], [ -116.9695,47.3499 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30849,"text":"wri984253 - 2000 - Hydrogeology and the distribution of salinity in the Floridan Aquifer system, southwestern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-01T11:53:10","indexId":"wri984253","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4253","title":"Hydrogeology and the distribution of salinity in the Floridan Aquifer system, southwestern Florida","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to establish a detailed hydrogeologic framework in the complex Floridan aquifer system of southwestern Florida, and to evaluate and relate the distribution of salinity found in this system. The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper Floridan aquifer, middle confining unit, and Lower Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer extends into a basal unit of the Hawthorn Group; however, a regional unconformity present at the base of this unit generally marks the top of the Floridan aquifer system, as it does in the rest of southern Florida. The basal Hawthorn unit, which is defined at its top by a correlative marker unit, ranges in thickness from 120 to 460 feet. Paleotopography present prior to deposition of the basal Hawthorn unit, which resulted at least in part from erosion, is believed to have caused some of this variation in thickness. However, in some areas where the basal Hawthorn unit is thick, particularly in Lee County, depositional buildup created paleotopographic highs at the top of the unit. In these areas, permeable limestone zones are present in the unit, giving the unit a high transmissivity.\nIn most of the study area, the Floridan aquifer system can be divided into a brackish-water zone, a salinity transition zone, and a saline-water zone. The brackish-water zone contains water with a dissolved-solids concentration of less than 10,000 milligrams per liter. The saline-water zone has a dissolved-solids concentration of at least 35,000 milligrams per liter and a salinity similar to that of seawater. The salinity transition zone that separates these two zones is usually 150 feet or less in thickness. The altitude of the base of the brackish-water zone was mapped primarily using geophysical logs; it ranges from as shallow as 565 feet below sea level along the coast to almost 2,200 feet below sea level inland. This mapping indicated that the boundary represents a salinity interface, the depth of which is controlled by head in the brackish-water zone.
\nChloride concentrations in the upper part of the brackish-water zone range from 400 to 4,000 milligrams per liter. A large area of relatively low salinity in north-central Collier County and to the northwest, as defined by a 1,200-milligram-per-liter chloride-concentration line, coincides with a high area on the basal contact of the Hawthorn Group. As this contact dips away from this high area to central Hendry and southwestern Collier Counties, chloride concentration increases to 2,000 milligrams per liter or greater. However, the increase in salinity in these areas occurs only in the basal Hawthorn unit or Suwannee Limestone, but not in deeper units. In central Hendry County, the increase occurs only in the basal Hawthorn unit in an area where the unit is well developed and thick. These areas of higher salinity could have resulted from the influx of seawater from southwestern Collier County into zones of higher permeability in the Upper Floridan aquifer during high sea-level stands. The influx may only have occurred in structurally low areas and may have experienced incomplete flushing subsequently by the modern freshwater flow system.
\nIn an area in north-central Collier County, the altitude of the base of the brackish-water zone is anomalously deep given the position of this area relative to the coast. In this area, the base extends as deep as 2,090 feet below sea level, and the salinity transition zone is not present or is poorly defined. The origin of this anomalous area is interpreted to be related to the development of a unit containing thick dolomite and evaporite beds high in the middle confining unit of the Floridan aquifer system. The top of this dolomite-evaporite unit, which probably has very low permeability, occurs at the base of the brackish-water zone in this area. The axis of a high area mapped at the top of the unit trends to the northwest from central Collier County into north-central Lee County. This axis parallels and lies just to the west of the anomalous area, and it could have acted as an impermeable sill, preventing saline water from moving in laterally from the coast to the southwest and up from the Lower Floridan aquifer. Locating a Floridan aquifer system well field in or near this anomalous area could be optimal because of the lack of a salinity interface at depth.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri984253","usgsCitation":"Reese, R., 2000, Hydrogeology and the distribution of salinity in the Floridan Aquifer system, southwestern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4253, 86 p., 10 over-size sheets., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984253.","productDescription":"86 p., 10 over-size sheets.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri984253","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95854,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/report.pdf","size":"12074","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95855,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/plate-01.pdf","size":"4224","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95856,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/plate-02.pdf","size":"4230","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95857,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/plate-03.pdf","size":"3537","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95858,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/plate-04.pdf","size":"3971","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95859,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/plate-05.pdf","size":"4083","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95860,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/plate-06.pdf","size":"4138","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95861,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/plate-07.pdf","size":"4229","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95862,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/plate-08.pdf","size":"4215","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95863,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/plate-09.pdf","size":"4430","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95864,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/plate-10.pdf","size":"4073","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4253/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6252ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, R.S.","contributorId":17644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24926,"text":"ofr00336 - 2000 - Assessment of Folsom Lake response to historical and potential future climate scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"ofr00336","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-336","title":"Assessment of Folsom Lake response to historical and potential future climate scenarios","docAbstract":"An integrated forecast-decision system for Folsom Lake (California) is developed and used to assess the sensitivity of reservoir performance to various forecast-management schemes under historical and future climate scenarios. The assessments are based on various combinations of inflow forecasting models, decision rules, and climate scenarios and demonstrate that (1) reliable inflow forecasts and adaptive decision systems can substantially benefit reservoir performance and (2) dynamic operational procedures represent effective climate change coping strategies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00336","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yao, H., and Georgakakos, A.P., 2000, Assessment of Folsom Lake response to historical and potential future climate scenarios (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-336, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00336.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1897,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-336/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67297a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yao, Huaming","contributorId":25592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Huaming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Georgakakos, Aris P.","contributorId":59828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Aris","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23179,"text":"ofr00335 - 2000 - Soil moisture tendencies into the next century for the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr00335","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-335","title":"Soil moisture tendencies into the next century for the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"A monthly snow-pack and soil- moisture accounting model is formulated for application to each of the climate divisions of the conterminous United States for use in climate impacts-assessment studies. Statistical downscaling and bias-adjustment components complement the model for the assimilation of large-scale global climate model data. Simulations of the formulated model driven by precipitation and temperature for the period 1931-1998 produce streamflows that are broadly consistent with observed data from several drainage basins in the US. Simulated historical soil moisture fields reproduce several features of the available observed soil moisture in the Midwest. The simulations produce large-scale coherent seasonal patterns of soil moisture field- moments over the conterminous US, with high soil moisture means over divisions in the Ohio Valley, the northeastern US and the Pacific Northwest, and with pronounced low means in most of the western US climate divisions. Characteristically low field-standard- deviations are produced for the Ohio Valley and northeastern US, and the Pacific Northwest in winter, and the southwestern US in summer. Differences in extreme standardized anomalies of soil moisture over the historical record range possess high values (2.5 - 3) in the central US where the available water capacity of the soils is high.\r\n\r\nAn application of the model to exemplify the methodology for determining projected US monthly soil moisture fields under control and greenhouse gas forcing is also documented. Climate simulations of the coupled global climate model from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis were used for these sensitivity examples. The climatology of the control-run soil moisture fields reproduces several characteristic features of the historical soil moisture climatology. Simulations with forcing by a 1% greenhouse-gas- increase scenario show that for at least the first few decades of the 21 st Century somewhat drier-than-present soil conditions are projected, with highest drying trends found in the southeastern US. The soil moisture deficits in most areas are of the same order of magnitude as the soil moisture field-standard- deviations aris ing from historical natural variability. In a companion paper (Brumbelow and A. Georgakakos, 2000), the monthly soil moisture fields for the historical, control and greenhouse-gas-increase runs are used to initialize a site-specific daily crop yield model at the start of the growing season. Assessments of potential impacts of climate variability and trends on irrigation requirements and crop yield across the conterminous US are made.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00335","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Georgakakos, K.P., and Smith, D.E., 2000, Soil moisture tendencies into the next century for the conterminous United States (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-335, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00335.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1315,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-335/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69823f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Georgakakos, Konstantine P.","contributorId":56676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Konstantine","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Diane E.","contributorId":72018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23178,"text":"ofr00334 - 2000 - Climate change impacts on southeastern U.S. basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr00334","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-334","title":"Climate change impacts on southeastern U.S. basins","docAbstract":"The work described herein aims to assess the impacts of potential climate change on the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) and Alabama-Coosa-Talapoosa (ACT) river basins in the Southeastern US. The assessment addresses the potential impacts on watershed hydrology (soil moisture and streamflow) and on major water uses including water supply, drought management, hydropower, environmental and ecological protection, recreation, and navigation. This investigation develops new methods, establishes and uses an integrated modeling framework, and reaches several important conclusions that bear upon river basin planning and management. Although the specific impacts vary significantly with the choice of the GCM scenario, some general conclusions are that (1) soil moisture and streamflow variability is expected to increase, and (2) flexible and adaptive water sharing agreements, management strategies, and institutional processes are best suited to cope with the uncertainty associated with future climate scenarios.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00334","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Georgakakos, A.P., and Yao, H., 2000, Climate change impacts on southeastern U.S. basins (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-334, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00334.","productDescription":"72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1314,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-334/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de1e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Georgakakos, Aris P.","contributorId":59828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Aris","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yao, Huaming","contributorId":25592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Huaming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22656,"text":"ofr00333 - 2000 - Assessment of Folsom Lake Watershed response to historical and potential future climate scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr00333","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-333","title":"Assessment of Folsom Lake Watershed response to historical and potential future climate scenarios","docAbstract":"An integrated forecast-control system was designed to allow the profitable use of ensemble forecasts for the operational management of multi-purpose reservoirs. The system ingests large-scale climate model monthly precipitation through the adjustment of the marginal distribution of reservoir-catchment precipitation to reflect occurrence of monthly climate precipitation amounts in the extreme terciles of their distribution. Generation of ensemble reservoir inflow forecasts is then accomplished with due account for atmospheric- forcing and hydrologic- model uncertainties. These ensemble forecasts are ingested by the decision component of the integrated system, which generates non- inferior trade-off surfaces and, given management preferences, estimates of reservoir- management benefits over given periods. In collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation and the California Nevada River Forecast Center, the integrated system is applied to Folsom Lake in California to evaluate the benefits for flood control, hydroelectric energy production, and low flow augmentation. In addition to retrospective studies involving the historical period 1964-1993, system simulations were performed for the future period 2001-2030, under a control (constant future greenhouse-gas concentrations assumed at the present levels) and a greenhouse-gas- increase (1-% per annum increase assumed) scenario. The present paper presents and validates ensemble 30-day reservoir- inflow forecasts under a variety of situations. Corresponding reservoir management results are presented in Yao and Georgakakos, A., this issue. Principle conclusions of this paper are that the integrated system provides reliable ensemble inflow volume forecasts at the 5-% confidence level for the majority of the deciles of forecast frequency, and that the use of climate model simulations is beneficial mainly during high flow periods. It is also found that, for future periods with potential sharp climatic increases of precipitation amount and to maintain good reliability levels, operational ensemble inflow forecasting should involve atmospheric forcing from appropriate climatic periods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00333","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, T.M., and Georgakakos, K.P., 2000, Assessment of Folsom Lake Watershed response to historical and potential future climate scenarios (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-333, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00333.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1419,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-333/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6693a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Theresa M.","contributorId":34772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Georgakakos, Konstantine P.","contributorId":56676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Konstantine","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23253,"text":"ofr00516 - 2000 - Cruise report for A1-00-SC southern California earthquake hazards project, part A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T19:12:11.519926","indexId":"ofr00516","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-516","title":"Cruise report for A1-00-SC southern California earthquake hazards project, part A","docAbstract":"A three-week cruise to obtain high-resolution boomer and multichannel seismic-reflection profiles supported two project activities of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG) Program: (1) evaluating the earthquake and related geologic hazards posed by faults in the near offshore area of southern California and (2) determining the pathways through which sea-water is intruding into aquifers of Los Angeles County in the area of the Long Beach and Los Angeles harbors. The 2000 cruise, A1-00-SC, is the third major data-collection effort in support of the first objective (Normark et al., 1999a, b); one more cruise is planned for 2002. This report deals primarily with the shipboard operations related to the earthquake-hazard activity. The sea-water intrusion survey is confined to shallow water and the techniques used are somewhat different from that of the hazards survey (see Edwards et al., in preparation).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00516","usgsCitation":"Gutmacher, C.E., Normark, W.R., Ross, S.L., Edwards, B.D., Sliter, R., Hart, P., Cooper, B., Childs, J., and Reid, J.A., 2000, Cruise report for A1-00-SC southern California earthquake hazards project, part A: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-516, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00516.","productDescription":"51 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414565,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34902.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281998,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0516/pdf/of00-516p.pdf"},{"id":154502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00516.jpg"},{"id":1401,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0516/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.25,\n 32.067\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.117\n ],\n [\n -117.167,\n 34.117\n ],\n [\n -117.167,\n 32.067\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 32.067\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutmacher, Christina E.","contributorId":28272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutmacher","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sliter, Ray","contributorId":46109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hart, Patrick","contributorId":46691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cooper, Becky","contributorId":20648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Becky","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Childs, Jon","contributorId":101557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reid, Jane A. 0000-0003-1771-3894 jareid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-3894","contributorId":2826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jane","email":"jareid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":22614,"text":"ofr99337B - 2000 - Digital and preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Wallingford quadrangle, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T22:26:03.197475","indexId":"ofr99337B","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-337","chapter":"B","title":"Digital and preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Wallingford quadrangle, Vermont","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99337B","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., and Ratcliffe, N.M., 2000, Digital and preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Wallingford quadrangle, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-337, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99337B.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_31666.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"31666"},{"id":155371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Wallingford quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 43.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":188569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22011,"text":"ofr00508 - 2000 - Parameterizing century to model cultivated and noncultivated sites in the Loess region of western Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T10:04:40","indexId":"ofr00508","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-508","title":"Parameterizing century to model cultivated and noncultivated sites in the Loess region of western Iowa","docAbstract":"One of the main questions remaining for global science involves the cycle of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, and land. Scientists are trying to better determine the amount of carbon stored in and transferred between these three locations. This task has become more complex because in recent decades the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere has increased due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use changes. The amount of this increase is greater than the amount of carbon accumulating in the atmosphere and oceans. Many scientists are studying different terrestrial ecosystems to find this 'missing\" carbon. One such project is the Mississippi Basin Carbon Project (MBCP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). MBCP is studying the soils and sediments of the Mississippi River Basin, with an emphasis on understanding human influences on erosion and thus the movement of carbon within a landscape.\n\nOne goal of the MBCP is to understand, at the field scale, the key processes of erosion and sedimentation, and thus the movement of carbon, in upland areas. Both field measurements and modeling efforts are being used for this purpose. On the modeling front, the Century Model is being used to describe the historical carbon dynamics for two field sites, an agricultural field and uncultivated prairie, located in the loess region of western Iowa. The objective of these modeling efforts is to recreate the carbon dynamics of the upper slope in each of these watersheds. The upper slope represents the area of a hillslope with the greatest potential erosion. This report describes how Century was parameterized to represent these two sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00508","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Manies, K.L., Harden, J.W., Kramer, L., and Parton, W., 2000, Parameterizing century to model cultivated and noncultivated sites in the Loess region of western Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-508, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00508.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":555,"text":"Soil Biogeochemistry Group","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0508/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0508/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51480,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0508/pdf/of00-508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Pottawattamie County","city":"Treynor","otherGeospatial":"Deep Loess Research Station","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.620333,41.225164 ], [ -95.620333,41.236857 ], [ -95.597545,41.236857 ], [ -95.597545,41.225164 ], [ -95.620333,41.225164 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68938d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kramer, Larry","contributorId":45954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parton, William","contributorId":75175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parton","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":40713,"text":"ofr99337A - 2000 - Digital and preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Wallingford quadrangle, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T22:14:32.008484","indexId":"ofr99337A","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-337","chapter":"A","title":"Digital and preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Wallingford quadrangle, Vermont","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99337A","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., and Ratcliffe, N.M., 2000, Digital and preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Wallingford quadrangle, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-337, 1 Plate: 44.74 x 30.69 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99337A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.74 x 30.69 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110109,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_31666.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"31666"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Wallingford quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 43.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":223840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23967,"text":"ofr00518 - 2000 - Basement structure beneath Langford Well Lake basin, Fort Irwin, California, based on inversion of gravity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:32:17.056698","indexId":"ofr00518","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-518","title":"Basement structure beneath Langford Well Lake basin, Fort Irwin, California, based on inversion of gravity data","docAbstract":"Gravity data were used to study the basement structure of Langford Well Lake basin at the U.S. Army National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California. Figure 1 shows the location of the study area. During 1996 and 1999, 290 new gravity stations were measured. These data were merged with existing data to produce a depth-to-basement map, which, in turn was converted to a structure map of the basement surface below alluvial fill. This information can be used to help interpret water flow and reservoir capacity of the basin. In addition, gravity gradients were used to suggest locations of faults through or below alluvial fill. These gradients may be evidence for repositioning or extending mapped faults.\n\nThe locations of gravity stations are shown in figure 2 plotted on a colored grid of topographic elevations generated from 30 m DEM's (Digital Elevation Models). As shown by figure 3, gravity data used in this study are sufficiently accurate to permit 1-mGal contour intervals. Much of the older regional data in this study area are of lesser quality although they were included because they sufficiently represent regional gravity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00518","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., 2000, Basement structure beneath Langford Well Lake basin, Fort Irwin, California, based on inversion of gravity data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-518, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00518.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00518.jpg"},{"id":282005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0518/pdf/of00-518.pdf"},{"id":1670,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0518/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Fort Irwin, Langford Well Lake Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,35.0 ], [ -116.75,35.25 ], [ -116.583333,35.25 ], [ -116.583333,35.0 ], [ -116.75,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21585,"text":"ofr00421 - 2000 - Analytical results and sample locations of reanalyzed NURE stream-sediment and soil samples for the Humboldt River basin mineral-environmental assessment, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:48","indexId":"ofr00421","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-421","title":"Analytical results and sample locations of reanalyzed NURE stream-sediment and soil samples for the Humboldt River basin mineral-environmental assessment, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), began a study in 1996 to describe to the geochemistry of the Humboldt River Basin. The principal sample media evaluated are stream-sediment and soil samples retrieved from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) archives located in Denver, Colorado. Samples were retrieved from the Wells, McDermitt, Vya, Lovelock, Winnemucca, Elko, Ely, Millett, Reno, and Tonopah 1? x 2? quadrangles in northern Nevada. The data are appropriate for large-scale reconnaissance resource evaluations and landscape geochemical-geoenvironmental evaluations. The analytical results are presented in this report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00421","usgsCitation":"Folger, H.W., 2000, Analytical results and sample locations of reanalyzed NURE stream-sediment and soil samples for the Humboldt River basin mineral-environmental assessment, northern Nevada (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-421, 516 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00421.","productDescription":"516 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1249,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-421/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67cc2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Folger, H. W. (compiler)","contributorId":15651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"H.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23057,"text":"ofr00199 - 2000 - Surface Water Quality-Assurance Plan for the North Florida Program Office of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr00199","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-199","title":"Surface Water Quality-Assurance Plan for the North Florida Program Office of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, has a policy that requires each District office to prepare a Surface Water Quality-Assurance Plan. The plan for each District describes the policies and procedures that ensure high quality in the collection, processing, analysis, computer storage, and publication of surface-water data. The North Florida Program Office Surface Water Quality-Assurance Plan documents the standards, policies, and procedures used by the North Florida Program office for activities related to the collection, processing, storage, analysis, and publication of surface-water data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00199","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Franklin, M.A., 2000, Surface Water Quality-Assurance Plan for the North Florida Program Office of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-199, iv, 41 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00199.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0199/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1476,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://fl.water.usgs.gov/PDF_files/ofr00_199_franklin.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52428,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6969b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, Marvin A.","contributorId":87526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22592,"text":"ofr00332 - 2000 - An assessment of irrigation needs and crop yield for the United States under potential climate changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr00332","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-332","title":"An assessment of irrigation needs and crop yield for the United States under potential climate changes","docAbstract":"Past assessments of climate change on U.S. agriculture have mostly focused on changes in crop yield. Few studies have included the entire conterminous U.S., and few studies have assessed changing irrigation requirements. None have included the effects of changing soil moisture characteristics as determined by changing climatic forcing. This study assesses changes in irrigation requirements and crop yields for five crops in the areas of the U.S. where they have traditionally been grown. Physiologically-based crop models are used to incorporate inputs of climate, soils, agricultural management, and drought stress tolerance. Soil moisture values from a macroscale hydrologic model run under a future climate scenario are used to initialize soil moisture content at the beginning of each growing season. Historical crop yield data is used to calibrate model parameters and determine locally acceptable drought stress as a management parameter. Changes in irrigation demand and crop yield are assessed for both means and extremes by comparing results for atmospheric forcing close to the present climate with those for a future climate scenario. Assessments using the Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and Analysis General Circulation Model (CGCM1) indicate greater irrigation demands in the southern U.S. and decreased irrigation demands in the northern and western U.S. Crop yields typically increase except for winter wheat in the southern U.S. and corn. Variability in both irrigation demands and crop yields increases in most cases. Assessment results for the CGCM1 climate scenario are compared to those for the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research GCM (HadCM2) scenario for southwestern Georgia. The comparison shows significant differences in irrigation and yield trends, both in magnitude and direction. The differences reflect the high forecast uncertainty of current GCMs. Nonetheless, both GCMs indicate higher variability in future climatic forcing and, consequently, in the response of agricultural systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00332","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brumbelow, K., and Georgakakos, A.P., 2000, An assessment of irrigation needs and crop yield for the United States under potential climate changes (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-332, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00332.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1369,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-332/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbelow, Kelly","contributorId":6089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbelow","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Georgakakos, Aris P.","contributorId":59828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Aris","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22109,"text":"ofr00511 - 2000 - Regional geochemical results from the analyses of rock, water, soil, stream sediment, and vegetation samples : Fortymile River Watershed, east-central, Alaska, 1998 sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr00511","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-511","title":"Regional geochemical results from the analyses of rock, water, soil, stream sediment, and vegetation samples : Fortymile River Watershed, east-central, Alaska, 1998 sampling","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00511","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Gough, L.P., Wanty, R., Day, W.C., Wang, B., Gamble, B.M., Henning, M., Brown, Z.A., and Meier, A.L., 2000, Regional geochemical results from the analyses of rock, water, soil, stream sediment, and vegetation samples : Fortymile River Watershed, east-central, Alaska, 1998 sampling (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-511, 157 p.; Online file in Microsoft Word and Excel format, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00511.","productDescription":"157 p.; Online file in Microsoft Word and Excel format","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1446,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0511/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63502d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, B.","contributorId":29011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gamble, B. M.","contributorId":79485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Henning, M.","contributorId":108141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henning","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":23030,"text":"ofr00465 - 2000 - Geochemical and lead isotopic data from sediment cores, fluvial tailings, iron bogs, and pre-mining terrace deposits, Animas River watershed, Colorado, 1995-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr00465","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-465","title":"Geochemical and lead isotopic data from sediment cores, fluvial tailings, iron bogs, and pre-mining terrace deposits, Animas River watershed, Colorado, 1995-1999","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00465","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Fey, D.L., Church, S.E., and Unruh, D., 2000, Geochemical and lead isotopic data from sediment cores, fluvial tailings, iron bogs, and pre-mining terrace deposits, Animas River watershed, Colorado, 1995-1999 (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-465, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00465.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1460,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0465/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a5e4b07f02db497b89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unruh, Daniel M.","contributorId":96291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"Daniel M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24828,"text":"ofr00484 - 2000 - Preliminary estimate of the amplification of possible earthquake ground motion at a site in Charleston County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr00484","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-484","title":"Preliminary estimate of the amplification of possible earthquake ground motion at a site in Charleston County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"We estimate site amplification at the location of a proposed bridge near Charleston, South\r\nCarolina. Model calculations indicate that amplification at periods of 1 s and longer is likely to be\r\nstrongly influenced by the effects of a large contrast in shear-wave velocity at a depth of\r\napproximately 1 km (3,000 ft). On-site borehole data, regional geological and geophysical\r\ninformation, and data from a geologically similar setting near Memphis, Tennessee allowed us to\r\nestimate profiles of shear-wave velocity, shear-wave attenuation, and density from ground level\r\ndown to metamorphic and igneous rocks that are approximately 3 km (9,500 ft) beneath the site.\r\nWe modeled amplifications that would be produced at the surface and at the top and bottom of\r\nthe Cooper Marl. Amplification estimates that are based only on the shallow shear-wave\r\nstructure, for example in the upper 100 m (300 ft), can severely underestimate long-period\r\namplification at the site. Additional modeling could help determine whether new data should be\r\ncollected, to resolve remaining uncertainties about likely amplification.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00484","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., and Cramer, C.H., 2000, Preliminary estimate of the amplification of possible earthquake ground motion at a site in Charleston County, South Carolina (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-484, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00484.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1847,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0484/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cramer, Chris H.","contributorId":32196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40742,"text":"ofr99554B - 2000 - Digital aeromagnetic map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada and Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T21:02:11.229336","indexId":"ofr99554B","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-554","chapter":"B","title":"Digital aeromagnetic map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada and Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"An aeromagnetic map of the Nevada Test Site area was prepared from publicly available aeromagnetic data described by McCafferty and Grauch (1997). Magnetic surveys were processed using standard techniques. Southwest Nevada is characterized by magnetic anomalies that reflect the distribution of thick sequences of volcanic rocks, magnetic sedimentary rocks, and the occurrence of granitic rocks. In addition, aeromagnetic data reveal the presence of linear features that reflect faulting at both regional and local scales.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99554B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., 2000, Digital aeromagnetic map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada and Inyo County, California (Online Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-554, Report: 56 p.; Metadata; GIS Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99554B.","productDescription":"Report: 56 p.; Metadata; GIS Files","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3681,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0554/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110073,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25972.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25972"}],"scale":"20000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Clark County, Inyo County, Lincoln County, Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -115.875,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -115.875,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d67a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29507,"text":"wri004133 - 2000 - Water-resources-related information for the St. Croix Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T20:23:05.885937","indexId":"wri004133","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4133","title":"Water-resources-related information for the St. Croix Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The St. Croix Chippewa Tribe is interested in documenting water-quality conditions in lakes and streams adjacent to their Reservation lands in northwestern Wisconsin and developing management plans to protect these water resources. This report provides the Tribe with a retrospective summary and analysis of available water-resources-related information for their Reservation and vicinity. The study area is divided into four main watersheds: Big Round Lake, Clam River at Clam Lake Outlet, Yellow River at Danbury, and Loon Creek at Danbury. The Clam River Watershed includes the subwatersheds of Bashaw and Sand Lakes. The Yellow River Watershed includes the subwatersheds of Big Sand and Gaslyn Lakes.
\nIn all, 41 surface-water studies or reports that include information relevant to the study area were identified. Most of the surface-water studies were regional or statewide summaries. Fifteen of these studies include lake information and 36 include stream information. Twenty-eight of the studies include water-quality data and 16 include information describing aquatic biology.
\nWater- and sediment-quality data were obtained for 80 lakes and 23 streams in the study area. Lake information includes data for 101 water-quality characteristics from nearly 4,300 water and sediment analyses of samples collected between 1972 and 1998. Stream information summarized in this report includes data for 135 water-quality characteristics and nearly 4,500 water and sediment analyses of samples collected at 23 sites between 1964 and 1999.
\nA total of 41 ground-water studies or reports that include information relevant to the study area were identified. Most of the ground-water studies were regional or statewide summaries. Of the 41 studies, 33 include water-quality information, 9 include information regarding water use, and 23 provide descriptions of geology and aquifer characteristics relevant to the study area.
\nWater-quality information for 773 wells was compiled. Most of the sampled wells were used for drinking water, and most of the drinking-water wells represent domestic supplies. Water-quality data summarized in this report represent 270 characteristics and more than 10,300 analyses of samples collected from drinking-water wells between 1911 and 1999; however, most of the water-quality data were collected after about 1990.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004133","usgsCitation":"Saad, D.A., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Water-resources-related information for the St. Croix Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4133, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004133.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420984,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33548.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2499,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://permanent.fdlp.gov/lps24817/WRIR-00-4133.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4133.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Barron County, Burnett County, Polk County, Washburn County","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.56805419921875,\n 45.41773242370463\n ],\n [\n -92.56805419921875,\n 46.075136001950504\n ],\n [\n -91.65756225585936,\n 46.075136001950504\n ],\n [\n -91.65756225585936,\n 45.41773242370463\n ],\n [\n -92.56805419921875,\n 45.41773242370463\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47dae4b07f02db4b5eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}