Urban ammonia (NH3) emissions contribute to poor local air quality and can be transported to rural landscapes, impacting sensitive ecosystems. The Colorado Front Range urban corridor encompasses the Denver Metropolitan Area, rural farmland/rangeland and montane forest between the city and the Rocky Mountains. Reactive nitrogen emissions from the corridor are partly responsible for increased N deposition to the wildland-urban interface (WUI) in this region. To determine the significance of individual NH3 sources to WUI ecosystems, we measured the concentration and isotopic composition (δ15N–NH3) of ambient NH3(g) from April to October 2018 across a five-site urban to rural gradient in the corridor. The urban sites had higher NH3 concentrations and δ15N–NH3 values than the rural/suburban sites. Based on isotope mixing models, NH3 emission source contributions for all sites were fertilizer (12 ± 5.7%), livestock waste (18 ± 12%), vehicles (37 ± 23%), and biomass burning (34 ± 20%). Vehicle contributions were consistent across all months with an average of 35% and summer months showed a peak in biomass burning contributions (40%). As wildfires are projected to increase due to climate change, we stress a need for constraints on the isotopic signature of NH3 emitted from wildfires. Vehicle emissions contributed the greatest amount of NH3 (40%) at the urban sites while rural/suburban sites had higher agricultural contributions (41%). Had 2018 not had an anomalously high wildfire season, 46% and 60% of the NH3 would have been attributed to vehicle emissions at the WUI site and urban sites, respectively. NH3 emissions have historically been ascribed to agricultural activities but these findings illustrate the universal significance of vehicle emissions and the potential for sustained wildfire activity to be a primary contributor to NH3. Air quality (e.g., particulate matter) and nitrogen deposition reduction plans may benefit by including management practices that address vehicle NH3 emissions.
Earthquakes on strike-slip faults are preserved in the geomorphic record by offset landforms that span a range of displacements, from small offsets created in the most recent earthquake (MRE) to large offsets that record cumulative slip from multiple prior events. An exponential decay in the number of large cumulative offsets has been observed on many faults, and a leading hypothesis is that climate controls the rate of decay. We present offset measurements compiled from 31 studies of strike-slip faults with evidence of multiple paleoearthquakes and corresponding climatic and tectonic information to test this hypothesis. Both the global compilation and numerical landscape evolution modeling reveal that the decay rate in large offsets is negatively correlated with mean annual precipitation. Faults in dry regions with high drainage density more commonly preserve small MRE offsets, and faults in wet regions with lower drainage density more commonly preserve a mix of small MRE and large cumulative offsets. Geomorphology of faults in different climates supports this result and illustrates precipitation’s effect on the development and preservation of offset channels. Our findings imply that current and past climate affect how displacement on strike-slip faults is recorded and interpreted to inform earthquake history.
Phragmites australis subsp. australis is an invasive and ecologically detrimental plant in multiple regions of North America. Its co-occurrence with the native subspecies, and multiple instances of hybridization, has created the need to differentiate Phragmites subspecies or haplotypes so that management can be appropriately targeted to the invader. We compiled a review of current genetic discrimination methods among the three Phragmites subspecies inhabiting the United States and Canada, and discussed how each method can contribute to control of the introduced subspecies while preserving the two endemic subspecies. We also discussed various control tools and the implications of Phragmites genetics for implementation. The Phragmites subspecies endemic to North America have environmental or infrastructure significance (e.g., habitat sustainability, biodiversity, storm surge and erosion protection). Thus, faster and more accurate differentiation among the endemic and introduced subspecies is needed. Additionally, more in-depth genetic information on Phragmites subspecies could support better management decisions, as well as the development of improved control treatments. This review highlights technologies and approaches currently available for genetic identification, recently collected genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic information, and implications for biological control and herbicide treatments.
Habitat suitability is a consequence of interacting environmental factors. In riparian ecosystems, suitable plant habitat is influenced by interactions between stream hydrology and climate, hereafter referred to as “hydroclimate”. We tested the hypothesis that hydroclimate variables would improve the fit of ecological niche models for a suite of riparian species using occurrence data from the western United States. We focus on the climate conditions (temperature, precipitation and vapor pressure deficit) during the months of lowest and highest streamflow as integrative hydroclimate metrics of resource and stress levels. We found that the inclusion of hydroclimate variables improved model fit for all species in the western USA dataset. We then tested the utility of the improved habitat suitability models by projecting them onto a regulated segment of the Colorado River to assess potential impacts of streamflow seasonality on vegetation metrics of management concern. Species frequency derived from independent survey data in the Colorado River segment was significantly higher for species with predicted suitable habitat than for species without predicted suitable habitat. Under different simulated hydrographs for the Colorado River, overall species richness was predicted to be greatest with peak streamflows during summer, and native-to-non-native species ratios were predicted to be greatest with lowest streamflows in winter. Summer high flows were particularly associated with higher predicted habitat suitability for species that have increased in cover over recent decades (e.g., Pluchea sericea, Baccharis species). We conclude that hydroclimate covariates can be useful tools for predicting how riparian vegetation communities respond to changes in the seasonal timing of low and high streamflows.
Two radioactive elements, uranium (U) and radon (Rn), which are of potential concern in New Hampshire (NH) groundwater, are investigated. Exceedance probability maps are tools to highlight locations where the concentrations of undesirable substances in the groundwater may be elevated. Two forms of statistical analysis are used to create exceedance probability maps for U and Rn in NH groundwater. The first, Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), was selected for estimating U exceedance values. It computes exceedance values directly using the Bernoulli distribution function. The second method of statistical analysis used for Rn to determine exceedance probabilities is ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. In the process of determining exceedance probabilities for U and Rn, the utility of a new dataset is investigated. That new predictor dataset is the Multi-Order Hydrologic Position (MOHP) dataset. MOHP raster datasets have been produced nationally for the conterminous United States at a 30-m resolution. The concept behind MOHP is that, for any given point on the earth's surface, there is the potential for a longer groundwater flow path as one goes deeper beneath the land surface. MOHP predictors were tested in both models. Three MOHP predictors were found useful in the BRT model and two in the OLS model. MOHP data were found useful as predictors along with other site characteristics in predicting U and Rn exceedance probabilities in New Hampshire groundwater.
Plant element stoichiometry and stoichiometric flexibility strongly regulate ecosystem responses to global change. Here, we tested three potential mechanistic drivers (climate, soil nutrients, and plant taxonomy) of both using paired foliar and soil nutrient data from terrestrial forested National Ecological Observatory Network sites across the USA. We found that broad patterns of foliar nitrogen (N) and foliar phosphorus (P) are explained by different mechanisms. Plant taxonomy was an important control over all foliar nutrient stoichiometries and concentrations, especially foliar N, which was dominantly related to taxonomy and did not vary across climate or soil gradients. Despite a lack of site-level correlations between N and environment variables, foliar N exhibited intraspecific flexibility, with numerous species-specific correlations between foliar N and various environmental factors, demonstrating the variable spatial and temporal scales on which foliar chemistry and stoichiometric flexibility can manifest. In addition to plant taxonomy, foliar P and N:P ratios were also linked to soil nutrient status (extractable P) and climate, especially actual evapotranspiration rates. Our findings highlight the myriad factors that influence foliar chemistry and show that broad patterns cannot be explained by a single consistent mechanism. Furthermore, differing controls over foliar N versus P suggests that each may be sensitive to global change drivers on distinct spatial and temporal scales, potentially resulting in altered ecosystem N:P ratios that have implications for processes ranging from productivity to carbon sequestration.
Climate change is amplifying the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of desert rangeland forages through its impact on precipitation variability. Foraging behavior plasticity (an animal's ability to alter its behavior to cope with environmental variation) could be a key trait for climate adaptation of beef cattle in arid environments. We analyzed GPS-derived movement and activity data of Criollo and commercial beef cattle from eight studies conducted at sites in North and South America to determine whether seasonal and year-to-year behavior plasticity varied significantly between breeds. We calculated dormant/brown season or driest year percent change in foraging behavior relative to growing/green season or wettest year. Compared to commercial beef breeds, Criollo cattle exhibited significantly greater seasonal adjustment in daily distance traveled (20% increase vs. 2% decrease, P ≤ 0.02) and daily grazing effort (25% vs. 1.5% increase, P = 0.01) during the dormant/brown vs. growing/green season. Increase in daily area explored during the dormant/brown season was almost three times greater in Criollo vs. commercial beef cattle (P = 0.09). Seasonal adjustment in daily time spent grazing was similar for Criollo and commercial beef breeds. Increase in daily area explored during the dormant/brown season of dry vs. wet years was three times greater for Criollo vs. commercial beef breeds (P = 0.03). Criollo cattle tended (P = 0.09) to exhibit greater behavior adjustment than commercial beef counterparts in daily distance traveled during the dormant/brown season of dry vs. wet years (22% vs. 4% increase, respectively). No breed differences in adjustment of time spent grazing (P = 0.36) or grazing effort (P = 0.20) during dormant/brown season of dry vs. wet years were observed. Dry vs. wet year grazing behavior adjustments during the growing/green season were similar for both breeds. Grazing behavior plasticity observed in Criollo cows could be a critical trait for desert beef herds in the face of increasingly variable rainfall patterns occurring as a result of climate change.
As we advance into the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, understanding the relationship between science, management, and policy is increasingly important given the paucity of research evaluating the ability of existing policy to address contemporary environmental challenges. Despite their inherent interdependence, restoration ecology as a scientific discipline, ecological restoration as a practice, and the policies driving restoration efforts do not always represent a unified force. Accenting the policies and practices within the United States, we present our perspective on challenges associated with this disunion, including those linked to social dimensions of restoration and limitations associated with existing policy. We provide a review of existing federal policy in the United States and synthesize suggestions that have emerged in the literature to fortify connections between restoration science and policy. We also describe social challenges to meeting restoration goals, including barriers surrounding power dynamics, trust, and communication, as well as divergent incentives, perspectives, and values. We propose potential solutions that exist in transdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge sharing, and evidence-based, balanced decision-making that equally considers varying perspectives. With the understanding that current conservation practices are not enough to mitigate environmental degradation, we focus on streamlining problem-solving strategies to support restoration and face the widespread ecological issues of today.
Seasonal movements cued by environmental variables are a critical component of riverine fish life history. Life-history events for species such as blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus are likely cued by discharge and temperature and may be disrupted if those life-history events and environmental regimes are mismatched. However, this effect may be dependent upon the habitat occupied when environmental cues are received by individuals. We tracked telemetered blue sucker in the Colorado River, Texas, USA, from 2015 to 2017 and modelled the relative effects of discharge, temperature and habitat structure on seasonal movement patterns. Tagged fish varied in their propensity to move, although most returned to their original tagging locations. Decreasing temperatures and increasing discharge resulted in increased seasonal movements. Temperature and discharge had the largest effect on movement behaviour, but the magnitude of movements was largely dependent on the year. Temperatures between 12 and 19°C and discharges between 10 and 240 m3s−1 resulted in greater probabilities of spawning movements. Spawning was most probable in 2015 and reduced or halted in 2016 and 2017. Future climate scenarios suggest North America will experience increased drought, warmer temperatures and more variable weather patterns. These future scenarios could negatively impact blue sucker by disrupting environmental cues and habitat availability for seasonal life-history events. Our results suggest temperature and discharge are critical cues for the species, but that their combined effect is largely dependent on the occupied habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12687","usgsCitation":"Acre, M.R., Grabowski, T.B., Leavitt, D.J., Smith, N.G., Pease, A.A., Bean, P.T., and Geeslin, D., 2023, Mismatch between temperature and discharge disrupts spawning cues in a fluvial specialist, blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 32, no. 2, p. 305-321, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12687.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"321","ipdsId":"IP-112567","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.75,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 29.4\n ],\n [\n -96.25,\n 29.4\n ],\n [\n -96.25,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 30.4\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Acre, Matthew Ross 0000-0002-5417-9523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-9523","contributorId":268034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acre","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"Ross","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavitt, Daniel J.","contributorId":338057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":81077,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Nathan G.","contributorId":268036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":55541,"text":"Heart of the Hills Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pease, Allison A.","contributorId":201493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pease","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bean, Preston T.","contributorId":172956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Preston","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geeslin, Dakus","contributorId":301932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geeslin","given":"Dakus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62404,"text":"Texas Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70240254,"text":"70240254 - 2023 - Mismatch between temperature and discharge disrupts spawning cues in a fluvial specialist, blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T15:07:22.606179","indexId":"70240254","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-31T09:07:45","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mismatch between temperature and discharge disrupts spawning cues in a fluvial specialist, blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus","title":"Mismatch between temperature and discharge disrupts spawning cues in a fluvial specialist, blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus","docAbstract":"Seasonal movements cued by environmental variables are a critical component of riverine fish life history. Life-history events for species such as blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus are likely cued by discharge and temperature and may be disrupted if those life-history events and environmental regimes are mismatched. However, this effect may be dependent upon the habitat occupied when environmental cues are received by individuals. We tracked telemetered blue sucker in the Colorado River, Texas, USA, from 2015 to 2017 and modelled the relative effects of discharge, temperature and habitat structure on seasonal movement patterns. Tagged fish varied in their propensity to move, although most returned to their original tagging locations. Decreasing temperatures and increasing discharge resulted in increased seasonal movements. Temperature and discharge had the largest effect on movement behaviour, but the magnitude of movements was largely dependent on the year. Temperatures between 12 and 19°C and discharges between 10 and 240 m3s−1 resulted in greater probabilities of spawning movements. Spawning was most probable in 2015 and reduced or halted in 2016 and 2017. Future climate scenarios suggest North America will experience increased drought, warmer temperatures and more variable weather patterns. These future scenarios could negatively impact blue sucker by disrupting environmental cues and habitat availability for seasonal life-history events. Our results suggest temperature and discharge are critical cues for the species, but that their combined effect is largely dependent on the occupied habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12687","usgsCitation":"Acre, M.R., Grabowski, T.B., Leavitt, D., Smith, N.G., Pease, A.A., Bean, P.T., and Geeslin, D., 2023, Mismatch between temperature and discharge disrupts spawning cues in a fluvial specialist, blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 32, no. 2, p. 305-321, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12687.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"321","ipdsId":"IP-137756","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"lower Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.86373123082404,\n 30.561041444362274\n ],\n [\n -97.86373123082404,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -95.2430023882664,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -95.2430023882664,\n 30.561041444362274\n ],\n [\n -97.86373123082404,\n 30.561041444362274\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Acre, Matthew Ross 0000-0002-5417-9523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-9523","contributorId":268034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acre","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"Ross","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavitt, Daniel J.","contributorId":268035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[{"id":55540,"text":"Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Nathan G.","contributorId":268036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":55541,"text":"Heart of the Hills Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pease, Allison A.","contributorId":201493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pease","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bean, Preston T.","contributorId":172956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Preston","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geeslin, Dakus","contributorId":301932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geeslin","given":"Dakus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62404,"text":"Texas Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70255014,"text":"70255014 - 2023 - The development of genetic sex identification markers and evidence of a male heterogametic sex determination system in Red Shiner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-11T15:44:41.791954","indexId":"70255014","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-30T10:38:55","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The development of genetic sex identification markers and evidence of a male heterogametic sex determination system in Red Shiner","docAbstract":"The Red Shiner Cyprinella lutrensis is of increasing management interest as an invasive species that negatively impacts many native fishes throughout North America. Trojan sex chromosome (TSC)-carrying individuals could theoretically control invasive fish populations by skewing the sex ratio to 100% male. The efficacy of TSC-based control programs requires an understanding of a population's sex determination system, yet such information is lacking for Red Shiner. We used single-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to discover sex-linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and we conducted a series of breeding experiments to uncover the sex determination system. All candidate sex-linked SNPs that fit our selection criteria exhibited a pattern of male heterogamety. We developed two sex-identification (sex-ID) marker assays, XY_248 and XY_170, which showed phenotype–genotype concordance scores of 77.00% and 84.35%, respectively. These sex-ID markers exhibited relatively high phenotype–genotype concordance in females (XY_248 = 96.30%; XY_170 = 98.61%), which allowed for selective breeding of phenotypically feminized genetic males. We observed a 3:1 male : female sex ratio in spawns from feminized males crossed with wild-type males, indicative of a male heterogametic sex determination system (i.e., XY male/XX female). The discovery of a male heterogametic sex determination system, in combination with our two markers, increases the likelihood of developing an effective TSC eradication strategy for invasive Red Shiner populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10274","usgsCitation":"Teal, C.N., Coykendall, D., Campbell, M., Delomas, T.A., Eardley, D.L., Erwin, J., Schill, D., Bauder, J.M., Bonar, S.A., and Culver, M., 2023, The development of genetic sex identification markers and evidence of a male heterogametic sex determination system in Red Shiner: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 85, no. 1, p. 74-86, https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10274.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"86","ipdsId":"IP-144022","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teal, Chad N.","contributorId":338260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teal","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coykendall, D. Katharine","contributorId":338261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coykendall","given":"D. Katharine","affiliations":[{"id":20304,"text":"Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Matthew R.","contributorId":338262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Matthew R.","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delomas, Thomas A.","contributorId":338264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delomas","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eardley, Daniel L.","contributorId":338266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eardley","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":20304,"text":"Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erwin, John A.","contributorId":338270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erwin","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":81073,"text":"Florida International University College of Law","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schill, Daniel J.","contributorId":338273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schill","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[{"id":61802,"text":"Fisheries Management Solutions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bauder, Javan Mathias 0000-0002-2055-5324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-5324","contributorId":337814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauder","given":"Javan","email":"","middleInitial":"Mathias","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":197693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70238054,"text":"70238054 - 2023 - Modeled distribution shifts of North American birds over four decades based on suitable climate alone do not predict observed shifts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T12:49:09.1771","indexId":"70238054","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-30T06:45:51","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled distribution shifts of North American birds over four decades based on suitable climate alone do not predict observed shifts","docAbstract":"As climate change alters the global environment, it is critical to understand the relationship between shifting climate suitability and species distributions. Key questions include whether observed changes in population abundance are aligned with the velocity and direction of shifts predicted by climate suitability models and if the responses are consistent among species with similar ecological traits. We examined the direction and velocity of the observed abundance-based distribution centroids compared with the model-predicted bioclimatic distribution centroids of 250 bird species across the United States from 1969 to 2011. We hypothesized that there is a significant positive correlation in both direction and velocity between the observed and the modeled shifts. We then tested five additional hypotheses that predicted differential shifting velocity based on ecological adaptability and climate change exposure. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found large differences between the observed and modeled shifts among all studied bird species and within specific ecological guilds. However, temperate migrants and habitat generalist species tended to have higher velocity of observed shifts than other species. Neotropical migratory and wetland birds also had significantly different observed velocities than their counterparts, which may be due to their climate change exposure. The velocity based on modeled bioclimatic suitability did not exhibit significant differences among most guilds. Boreal forest birds were the only guild with significantly faster modeled-shifts than the other groups, suggesting an elevated conservation risk for high latitude and altitude species. The highly idiosyncratic species responses to climate and the mismatch between shifts in modeled and observed distribution centroids highlight the challenge of predicting species distribution change based solely on climate suitability and the importance of non-climatic factors traits in shaping species distributions.
We produced a globally distributed catalog of earthquakes and nuclear explosions with calibrated hypocenters, referred to as the Global Catalog of Calibrated Earthquake Locations (GCCEL). This dataset currently contains 18,782 events in 289 clusters with >3.2 million arrival times observed at 19,258 stations. The term “calibrated” refers to the property that the hypocenters are minimally biased by unknown Earth structure. In addition, we calculate uncertainties using empirically determined variability of the arrival‐time data itself, specific to each calibrated cluster of hypocenters. Outliers in the arrival‐time dataset are removed based on measured variability of the data. In each cluster, we estimate the empirically determined uncertainty for each set of station‐phase arrival times. We use a version of the hypocentroidal decomposition multiple event relocation algorithm specifically adapted for calibrated relocations of clusters of seismic events. Most clusters are calibrated by fitting the subset of direct crustal first arrivals (Pg and Sg) with a locally appropriate travel‐time model to estimate the cluster hypocentroid. A few clusters are calibrated by aligning the pattern of relative locations in space and time with one or more events for which a ground‐truth hypocenter is available from an independent source with known uncertainty, such as a nuclear explosion. Epicentral uncertainties in GCCEL typically range from 1 to 5 km with a 90% confidence interval. Most events have depth constraint from one or more sources, usually with an uncertainty of ≤5 km. GCCEL is a significant resource for research at local, regional, and global scales because it provides minimally biased absolute hypocenters, meaningful associated error estimates, and curated arrival times as a reference dataset that can be used as prior constraints in the development of new regional, national, and global earthquake catalogs; validation of new location techniques; and the generation of advanced Earth models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220220217","usgsCitation":"Bergman, E.A., Benz, H.M., Yeck, W.L., Karasözen, E., Engdahl, E., Ghods, A., Hayes, G., and Earle, P.S., 2023, A global catalog of calibrated earthquake locations: Seismological Research Letters, v. 94, no. 1, p. 485-495, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220217.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"495","ipdsId":"IP-134306","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435566,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95R8K8G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Global Catalog of Calibrated Earthquake Locations"},{"id":408855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergman, Eric A. 0000-0002-7069-8286","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-8286","contributorId":84513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karasözen, Ezgi","contributorId":298619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karasözen","given":"Ezgi","affiliations":[{"id":64627,"text":"Alaska Earthquake Center, University of Alaska-Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engdahl, E. Robert","contributorId":298620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E. Robert","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ghods, Abdolreza","contributorId":244222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghods","given":"Abdolreza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48866,"text":"Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. 0000-0002-3500-017X pearle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3500-017X","contributorId":173551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70241095,"text":"70241095 - 2023 - A hydrologic perspective of major U.S. droughts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T15:25:36.985892","indexId":"70241095","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-26T09:11:43","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hydrologic perspective of major U.S. droughts","docAbstract":"Drought is a recurring natural hazard that has substantial human and environmental impacts. Given continued global warming and associated climate change, there is concern that droughts could become more severe and longer lasting. To better monitor and understand drought development and persistence, it is helpful to understand the development and climatic drivers of past droughts. In this study we use monthly runoff percentiles to identify five major drought events in the conterminous United States (CONUS) from 1901 through 2020. For each drought event we examined spatial patterns of departures of mean monthly precipitation, temperature, soil moisture storage, and runoff for 2,107 hydrologic units (HUs) across the CONUS. Results indicated that precipitation deficits have been the primary driver of past major-drought events and temperature a secondary driver, even of the most recent drought event (September 1999 through September 2015) when positive temperature anomalies occurred over most of the CONUS. Additionally, negative soil moisture storage departures were more negative than runoff departures during the five drought events we examined, which emphasizes the importance of measuring both runoff and soil moisture to monitor drought conditions. We also examined the use of statistical persistence to develop short-term (i.e., 1 month) forecasts of runoff drought conditions in the CONUS by developing autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for each HU. Results indicated that persistence can be used to predict short-term changes in the spatial pattern of drought and the areal extent of drought, but that predictions of runoff magnitude for any particular site are often poor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.7904","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., Wolock, D.M., Lombard, M.A., Dudley, R.W., Hammond, J.C., Hecht, J.S., Hodgkins, G.A., Olson, C.G., Sando, R., Simeone, C.E., and Wieczorek, M.E., 2023, A hydrologic perspective of major U.S. droughts: International Journal of Climatology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 1234-1250, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7904.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1234","endPage":"1250","ipdsId":"IP-140211","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n 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-113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":200854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":219213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lombard, Melissa A. 0000-0001-5924-6556 mlombard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-6556","contributorId":198254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Melissa","email":"mlombard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-3765-9998 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3765-9998","contributorId":302950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hammond, John Christopher 0000-0002-6241-3551","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-3551","contributorId":302952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hecht, Jory Seth 0000-0002-9485-3332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-3332","contributorId":257771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecht","given":"Jory","email":"","middleInitial":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Olson, Carolyn G. 0000-0002-4198-6158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4198-6158","contributorId":302954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sando, Roy 0000-0003-0704-6258","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6258","contributorId":3874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Simeone, Caelan E. 0000-0003-3263-6452 csimeone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-6452","contributorId":221126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simeone","given":"Caelan","email":"csimeone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael E. 0000-0003-3114-8369 mewieczo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-8369","contributorId":302956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70254842,"text":"70254842 - 2023 - Geomorphology shapes relationships between animal communities and ecosystem function in large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-12T00:05:24.430001","indexId":"70254842","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-25T19:04:10","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphology shapes relationships between animal communities and ecosystem function in large rivers","docAbstract":"Understanding how the Earth's surface (i.e. ‘nature's stage') influences connections between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) is a central objective in ecology. Despite recent calls to examine these connections at multiple trophic levels and at more complex and realistic scales, little is known about how landscape structure shapes BEF relationships among animal communities in nature. We coupled high-resolution habitat mapping with extensive field sampling to quantify connections among the geophysical habitat templet, invertebrate assemblages and secondary production in two large North American riverscapes. Patterns of sediment size governed invertebrate assemblage structure, with particularly strong effects on composition, richness and taxonomic and functional diversity. These relationships propagated to drive positive relationships between biodiversity and secondary production that were modified by scale, context-dependencies and anthropogenic modification. Finally, leveraging spatially-explicit descriptions of geophysical and biological properties, we uncovered distinct and nested spatial scales of biodiversity and secondary production, and suggest that multiple geophysical processes simultaneously influence these patterns at different scales. Together, our findings advance our understanding of relationships between the physical templet and patterns of BEF, and help to predict how perturbations to the Earth's surface may propagate to influence biodiversity and energy flux through food webs.
Uranium‑lead perovskite in situ geochronology has become a cornerstone technique for determining the emplacement timing of alkaline, ultrapotassic, and silica-undersaturated igneous rocks, kimberlites, and carbonatites. Accurate in situ dates are dependent on the availability of matrix matched mineral reference materials which themselves are chemically well characterized and dated accurately to the highest possible precision. When dating perovskite to high precision, such as by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS), appropriately accounting and correcting for the quantity and isotopic composition of Pb incorporated into the crystal upon crystallization (Pbi) is a large source of uncertainty and potential inaccuracy. Unfortunately, although ultra-high precision perovskite dates are attainable with modern mass spectrometry techniques, the accuracy of applied Pbi compositions, which can be a considerable percentage of total Pb in a crystal, has not kept pace, resulting in percent level inaccuracy on precisely measured isotopic ratios.
In an effort to characterize the age and initial Pb isotopic composition of a readily available, relatively pure perovskite endmember (93–98%) which will be useful as a matrix matched age reference material for in situ U-Pb geochronology, we date crystals isolated from three samples from the Ice River Complex (samples 81IR6, I90.3, and I92.30) by ID-TIMS and evaluate their suitability as known-age reference materials. We directly determine the isotopic composition of Pbi in each sample by ID-TIMS measurement of cogenetic low 238U/204Pb (μ < 500) phlogopite, apatite, and/or clinopyroxene. Using these initial common Pb isotopic compositions, which are significantly more radiogenic than those predicted by age appropriate Pb evolution models, we obtain ultra-precise weighted-mean 206Pb/238U perovskite dates of 355.83 ± 0.14, 355.04 ± 0.15, and 357.34 ± 0.12 Ma on the three Ice River samples, respectively. These dates are consistent with the relative emplacement ages previously established for units in the Ice River layered ultramafic series based on field relationships. They also demonstrate the feasibility of attaining accurate perovskite dates in instances when maximum precision is critical by utilizing ID-TIMS analysis of cogenetic low uranium phases for direct measurement of Pbi.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elesvier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121187","usgsCitation":"Burgess, S.D., Heaman, L.M., and Bowring, S.A., 2023, High-precision ID-TIMS U-Pb geochronology of perovskite (CaTiO3) from the Ice River Complex, southeastern British Columbia: Chemical Geology, v. 616, 121187, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121187.","productDescription":"121187, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139900","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121187","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":412023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Ice River Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.34950948827608,\n 51.223598537476136\n ],\n [\n -116.35438310285049,\n 51.09829987106596\n ],\n [\n -116.17649617088217,\n 51.09829439916399\n ],\n [\n -116.1911170146057,\n 51.22360289128022\n ],\n [\n -116.34950948827608,\n 51.223598537476136\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"616","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burgess, Seth D. 0000-0002-4238-3797 sburgess@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-3797","contributorId":200371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Seth","email":"sburgess@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heaman, Larry M 0000-0002-4456-9560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4456-9560","contributorId":301017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaman","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowring, Samuel A.","contributorId":271058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowring","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70256638,"text":"70256638 - 2023 - Thermal performance of the electron transport system Complex III in seven Alabama fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-28T11:11:28.275801","indexId":"70256638","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-25T06:08:43","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5473,"text":"JEZ-A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal performance of the electron transport system Complex III in seven Alabama fishes","docAbstract":"Management of fish populations for conservation in thermally variable systems requires an understanding of the fish's underlying physiology and responses to thermal stress. Physiological research at the organismal level provides information on the overall effects of stressors such as extreme temperature fluctuations. While experiments with whole organisms provide information as to the overall effects of temperature fluctuations, biochemical assays of thermal stress provide direct results of exposure that are both sensitive and specific. Electron transport system (ETS; Complex III) assays quantify a rate-limiting step of respiratory enzymes. Parameters that can be estimated via this approach include optimum thermal temperature (Topt) and optimal breadth of thermal performance (Tbreadth), which can both be related to organismal-level temperature thresholds. We exposed enzymes of seven fish species (native fish chosen to represent a typical community in Alabama streams) to temperatures in the range 11–44°C. The resultant enzymatic thermal performance curves showed that Topt, the lower temperature for enzyme optimal thermal performance (Tlow), the upper temperature for enzyme optimal thermal performance (Tup), and Tbreadth differed among species. Relationships between enzymatic activity and temperature for all fish followed a pattern of steadily increasing enzyme activity to Topt before gradually decreasing with increasing temperature. A comparison of our enzyme optimum and upper-temperature limit results versus published critical thermal maxima values supports that ETS Complex III assays may be useful for assessing organismal-level thermal tolerance.
Of the estimated 55 Hawaiian honeycreepers (subfamily Carduelinae) only 17 species remain, nine of which the International Union for Conservation of Nature considers endangered. Among the most pressing threats to honeycreeper survival is avian malaria, caused by the introduced blood parasite Plasmodium relictum, which is increasing in distribution in Hawaiʻi as a result of climate change. Preventing further honeycreeper decline will require innovative conservation strategies that confront malaria from multiple angles. Research on mammals has revealed strong connections between gut microbiome composition and malaria susceptibility, illuminating a potential novel approach to malaria control through the manipulation of gut microbiota. One honeycreeper species, Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens), persists in areas of high malaria prevalence, indicating they have acquired some level of immunity. To investigate if avian host-specific microbes may be associated with malaria survival, we characterized cloacal microbiomes and malaria infection for 174 ʻamakihi and 172 malaria-resistant warbling white-eyes (Zosterops japonicus) from Hawaiʻi Island using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Neither microbial alpha nor beta diversity covaried with infection, but 149 microbes showed positive associations with malaria survivors. Among these were Escherichia and Lactobacillus spp., which appear to mitigate malaria severity in mammalian hosts, revealing promising candidates for future probiotic research for augmenting malaria immunity in sensitive endangered species.
Several environmental policies strive to restore impaired ecosystems and could benefit from a consistent and transparent process — co-developed with key stakeholders — to prioritize impaired ecosystems for restoration activities. The Clean Water Act, for example, establishes reallocation mechanisms to transfer ecosystem services from sites of disturbance to compensation sites to offset aquatic resource functions that are unavoidably lost through land development. However, planning for the prioritization of compensatory mitigation areas is often hampered by decision-making processes that fall into a myopic decision frame because they are not co-produced with stakeholders. In this study, we partnered with domain experts from the North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS) to co-develop a real-world decision framework to prioritize catchments by potential for the development of mitigation projects following principles of a structured decision-making process and knowledge co-production. Following an iterative decision analysis cycle, domain experts revised foundational components of the decision framework and progressively added complexity and realism as they gained additional insights or more information became available. Through the course of facilitated in-person and remote interactions, the co-development of a decision framework produced three main ‘breakthroughs’ from the perspective of the stakeholder group: a) recognition of the problem as a multi-objective decision driven by several values in addition to biogeophysical goals (e.g., functional uplift; restoring or enhancing lost functionality of ecosystems), b) that the decision comprises a linked and sequential planning-to-implementation process, and c) future risk associated with land-use and climate change must be considered. We also present an interactive tool for ‘on-the-fly’ assessment of alternatives and tradeoff analysis, allowing domain experts to quickly test, react to, and revise prioritization strategies. The decision framework described in this study is not limited to the prioritization of compensatory mitigation activities across North Carolina, but rather serves as a framework to prioritize a wide range of restoration, conservation, and resource allocation activities in similar environmental contexts across the nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2766","usgsCitation":"Sanchez Salas, G.M., Eaton, M.J., Garcia, A.M., Keisman, J.L., Ullman, K., Blackwell, J., and Meentemeyer, R.K., 2023, Integrating principles and tools of decision science into value-driven watershed planning for compensatory mitigation: Ecological Applications, v. 33, no. 2, e2766, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2766.","productDescription":"e2766, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131812","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445332,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2766","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":410539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez Salas, Georgina Maria 0000-0002-2365-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2365-6200","contributorId":224363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez Salas","given":"Georgina","email":"","middleInitial":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J. 0000-0001-7324-6333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-6333","contributorId":213526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, Ana Maria 0000-0002-5388-1281 agarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-1281","contributorId":2035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Ana","email":"agarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keisman, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-6808-9193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-9193","contributorId":274827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keisman","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ullman, Kirsten","contributorId":299940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ullman","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[{"id":64984,"text":"North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blackwell, James","contributorId":299941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blackwell","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":64984,"text":"North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meentemeyer, Ross K.","contributorId":179341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meentemeyer","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70237832,"text":"70237832 - 2023 - Seasonal variability in macroinvertebrate assemblages in paired perennial and intermittent streams in Costa Rica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T15:10:48.359875","indexId":"70237832","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-21T07:17:12","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variability in macroinvertebrate assemblages in paired perennial and intermittent streams in Costa Rica","docAbstract":"Ecological effects of flooding and drying events are relatively understudied in the Neotropics and less is known about these hydrological extremes in intermittent streams. Neotropical headwater streams in Costa Rica provide opportunities to evaluate the response of macroinvertebrate communities to seasonal changes in flow regime in relatively human undisturbed systems. We quantified the effects of seasonal flow variation on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages (i.e., density, richness, and functional traits) within two headwater streams with differing hydrological regimes (i.e., intermittent versus perennial), in the Pacific North of Costa Rica. We sampled macroinvertebrates monthly over a year in riffle and pool habitats. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses indicated differences in macroinvertebrate taxonomic richness and density between the two streams and riffle and pool habitats. We found that macroinvertebrates in the intermittent stream riffles had significantly higher richness during the dry season. We also found higher macroinvertebrate functional trait richness in the intermittent stream riffle habitats during the dry season. Our results may be explained by life history traits related to stream velocity preference or tolerance, short life cycles that limit exposure to disturbances, and dispersal capacities and feeding mechanisms that are dependent on water movement.
Invasive riparian plants were introduced to the American Southwest in the early 19th century and contributed to regional trends of decreasing river channel width and migration rate in the 20th century. More recently, efforts to remove invasive riparian vegetation (IRV) have been widespread, especially since 1990. To what extent has IRV treatment reversed the earlier trend of channel narrowing and reduced dynamism? In this study, paired treated and untreated reaches at 15 sites along 13 rivers were compared before and after IRV treatment using repeat aerial imagery to assess long-term (~10-year) channel change due to treatment on a regional scale across the Southwest USA. We found that IRV treatment significantly increased channel width and floodplain destruction. Treated reaches had higher floodplain destruction than untreated reaches at 14 of 15 sites, and IRV treatment increased the rate of floodplain destruction by a median factor of 1.9. The effect of treatment increased with the stream power of the largest flow over the study period. Resolving observations of channel change into separate measures of floodplain destruction and formation provided more information on underlying processes than simple measurements of channel width and centerline migration rate. Restoration practitioners who perform IRV treatment projects often focus on wildlife or vegetation response; however, geomorphic processes should be considered in restoration planning because they drive aquatic habitat and vegetation dynamics, and because of the potential for damage to downstream infrastructure. Depending on the restoration goal, management practices can be used to enhance or minimize the increase in channel dynamism caused by IRV treatment.
Tree-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises a significant carbon flux within forested watersheds. Few studies have assessed the optical properties of tree-derived DOM. To increase understanding of the factors controlling tree-derived DOM quality, we measured DOM optical properties, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and calcium concentrations in throughfall and stemflow for 17 individual rain events during summer and fall in a temperate deciduous forest in Vermont, United States. DOC and calcium fluxes in throughfall and stemflow were enriched on average 4 to 70 times incident fluxes in rain. A multiway model was developed using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy to further characterize DOM optical properties. Throughfall contained a higher percentage of protein-like DOM fluorescence than stemflow while stemflow was characterized by a higher percentage of humic-like DOM fluorescence. DOM absorbance spectral slopes in yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) stemflow were significantly higher than in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) stemflow. DOM optical metrics were not influenced by rainfall volume, but percent protein-like fluorescence increased in throughfall during autumn when leaves senesced. Given the potential influence of tree-derived DOM fluxes on receiving soils and downstream ecosystems, future modeling of DOM transport and soil biogeochemistry should represent the influence of differing DOM quality in throughfall and stemflow across tree species and seasons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10533-022-00985-x","usgsCitation":"Ryan, K.A., Adler, T., Chalmers, A.T., Perdrial, J., Sebestyen, S., Shanley, J.B., and Stubbins, A., 2023, Optical properties of dissolved organic matter in throughfall and stemflow vary across tree species and season in a temperate headwater forest: Biogeochemistry, v. 164, p. 53-72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00985-x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-142839","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445339,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00985-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Sleepers River Research Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.05866635329214,\n 44.34647865583793\n ],\n [\n -72.40758066011205,\n 44.34647865583793\n ],\n [\n -72.40758066011205,\n 44.188052738709075\n ],\n [\n -72.05866635329214,\n 44.188052738709075\n ],\n [\n -72.05866635329214,\n 44.34647865583793\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Kevin A 0000-0003-1202-3616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1202-3616","contributorId":270682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":38331,"text":"Northeastern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adler, Thomas","contributorId":244156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adler","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chalmers, Ann T. 0000-0002-5199-8080 chalmers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":1443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","email":"chalmers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perdrial, Julia","contributorId":190445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perdrial","given":"Julia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen","contributorId":298358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":64539,"text":"U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stubbins, Aron","contributorId":80949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbins","given":"Aron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70238860,"text":"70238860 - 2023 - Hydrologic modeling of a perennial firn aquifer in southeast Greenland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-25T15:34:49.215581","indexId":"70238860","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-20T06:56:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic modeling of a perennial firn aquifer in southeast Greenland","docAbstract":"A conceptual model, based on field observations and assumed physics of a perennial firn aquifer near Helheim Glacier (southeast Greenland), is evaluated via steady-state 2-D simulation of liquid water flow and energy transport with phase change. The simulation approach allows natural representation of flow and energy advection and conduction that occur in vertical meltwater recharge through the unsaturated zone and in lateral flow within the saturated aquifer. Agreement between measured and simulated aquifer geometry, temperature, and recharge and discharge rates confirms that the conceptual field-data-based description of the aquifer is consistent with the primary physical processes of groundwater flow, energy transport and phase change. Factors that are found to control simulated aquifer configuration include surface temperature, meltwater recharge rate, residual total-water saturation and capillary fringe thickness. Simulation analyses indicate that the size of perennial firn aquifers depends primarily on recharge rates from surface snowmelt. Results also imply that the recent aquifer expansion, likely due to a warming climate, may eventually produce lakes on the ice-sheet surface that would affect the surface energy balance.