We related Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) demographic response and nest survival to benthic macroinvertebrate aquatic prey and to shale gas development parameters using models that accounted for both spatial and non-spatial sources of variability in a Central Appalachian USA watershed. In 2013, aquatic prey density and pollution intolerant genera (i.e., pollution tolerance value <4) decreased statistically with increased waterthrush territory length but not in 2014 when territory densities were lower. In general, most demographic responses to aquatic prey were variable and negatively related to aquatic prey in 2013 but positively related in 2014. Competing aquatic prey covariate models to explain nest survival were not statistically significant but differed annually and in general reversed from negative to positive influence on daily survival rate. Potential hydraulic fracturing runoff decreased nest survival both years and was statistically significant in 2014. The EPA Rapid Bioassessment protocol (EPA) and Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) designed for assessing suitability requirements for waterthrush were positively linked to aquatic prey where higher scores increased aquatic prey metrics, but EPA was more strongly linked than HSI and varied annually. While potential hydraulic fracturing runoff in 2013 may have increased Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness, in 2014 shale gas territory disturbance decreased EPT richness. In 2014, intolerant genera decreased at the territory and nest level with increased shale gas disturbance suggesting the potential for localized negative effects on waterthrush. Loss of food resources does not seem directly or solely responsible for demographic declines where waterthrush likely were able to meet their foraging needs. However collective evidence suggests there may be a shale gas disturbance threshold at which waterthrush respond negatively to aquatic prey community changes. Density-dependent regulation of their ability to adapt to environmental change through acquisition of additional resources may also alter demographic response.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0206077","usgsCitation":"Frantz, M.W., Wood, P.B., and Merovich, G.T., 2018, Demographic characteristics of an avian predator, Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla), in response to its aquatic prey in a Central Appalachian USA watershed impacted by shale gas development: PLoS ONE, v. 13, no. 11, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206077.","productDescription":"e0206077, 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-095412","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206077","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Lewis Wetzel Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.66818714141846,\n 39.514702147872995\n ],\n [\n -80.64299583435057,\n 39.514702147872995\n ],\n [\n -80.64299583435057,\n 39.530790543485786\n ],\n [\n -80.66818714141846,\n 39.530790543485786\n ],\n [\n -80.66818714141846,\n 39.514702147872995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lightfoot, David A.","contributorId":273594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lightfoot","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832745,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Frantz, Mack W.","contributorId":272515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frantz","given":"Mack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merovich, George T. Jr.","contributorId":172041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merovich","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70227756,"text":"70227756 - 2018 - Influence of river discharge on grass carp occupancy dynamics in south-eastern Iowa rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T14:42:30.747171","indexId":"70227756","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-28T08:37:39","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of river discharge on grass carp occupancy dynamics in south-eastern Iowa rivers","docAbstract":"Despite the longstanding presence of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) watershed, information regarding their populations remains largely unknown, in part because capture is difficult. Occupancy models are a popular wildlife assessment tool to account for imperfect detections but have been slow to be adopted in fisheries. Herein, we used occupancy modelling to evaluate the influence of two environmental covariates (river discharge and water temperature) on grass carp occupancy, extinction, colonization, and detection at nine sites within south-eastern Iowa rivers from April to October 2014 and 2015. Grass carp were detected at least once at all but one site. The most parsimonious model indicated that grass carp colonization probability increased from 0.15 to 0.67 with increases in river discharge. In contrast, occupancy (0.20), extinction (0.29), and detection (0.50) probabilities were temporally constant. Models indicated that water temperatures did not influence grass carp extinction or colonization probabilities relative to river discharge. Cumulative grass carp detection probability approached 1.0, whereas conditional occupancy estimates were less than 0.1 when using five or more sampling transects. The use of a robust design occupancy model allowed us to estimate site occupancy rates of grass carp corrected for imperfect detections, while demonstrating the importance of river discharge for site colonization. These results can be used to assess the distribution of a cryptic fish while helping to guide grass carp sampling and removal efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3385","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, C.J., Weber, M., Pierce, C., and Camacho, C.A., 2018, Influence of river discharge on grass carp occupancy dynamics in south-eastern Iowa rivers: River Research and Applications, v. 35, no. 1, p. 60-67, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3385.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-090729","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/296","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.24072265625,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -90.54931640625,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -90.54931640625,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -94.24072265625,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -94.24072265625,\n 40.17887331434696\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weber, Michael J.","contributorId":272530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832053,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Christopher J.","contributorId":272528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Michael J.","contributorId":272530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Clay 0000-0001-5088-5431 cpierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":150492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Camacho, Carlos A.","contributorId":272529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camacho","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200972,"text":"tm9A1 - 2018 - Preparations for water sampling","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4907,"text":"twri09A1 - 2005 - Preparations for water sampling","indexId":"twri09A1","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Preparations for Water Sampling","title":"Preparations for water sampling"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70200972,"text":"tm9A1 - 2018 - Preparations for water sampling","indexId":"tm9A1","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Preparations for water sampling"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T13:22:42","indexId":"tm9A1","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-27T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"9-A1","displayTitle":"Chapter A1. Preparations for Water Sampling","title":"Preparations for water sampling","docAbstract":"The “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” (NFM) provides guidelines and procedures for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation’s surface-water and groundwater resources. This chapter, NFM A1, provides an overview of preparations for water sampling, which includes site reconnaissance, project work plans, quality-assurance plans, basic equipment and supplies needed for fieldwork, safety precautions, and planning for data management. It updates and supersedes USGS Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chapter A1, version 2.0, by F.D. Wilde.
Before 2017, the NFM chapters were released in the USGS Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations series. Effective in 2018, new and revised NFM chapters are being released in the USGS Techniques and Methods series; this series change does not affect the content and format of the NFM. More information is in the general introduction to the NFM (USGS Techniques and Methods, book 9, chapter A0) at https://doi.org/10.3133/tm9A0. The authoritative current versions of NFM chapters are available in the USGS Publications Warehouse at https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/. Comments, questions, and suggestions related to the NFM can be addressed to nfm-owq@usgs.gov.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: National field manual for the collection of water-quality data in Book 9: Handbooks for water-resources investigations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm9A1","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2018, Preparations for water sampling: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 9-A1, vii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm9A1.","productDescription":"vii, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359547,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/09/a1/tm9a1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 9-A1"},{"id":359548,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/09/a1/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"2.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":359546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/09/a1/coverthb2.jpg"}],"publicComments":"The 2018 release in the Techniques and Methods series supersedes two earlier editions in the Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations series. Version 1 was released in 1998 and version 2 was released in 2005. More details are in the version history document.","contact":"Chief, Office of Quality Assurance
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 432
Reston, VA 20192
In 2015–16, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District, led a study to assess baseline (2015–16) surface-water quality in six lake drainage basins within the Muskingum River watershed that are in the early years of shale-gas development. In 2015, 9 of the 10 most active counties in Ohio for oil and gas development were wholly or partially within the Muskingum River watershed. In addition to shale gas development, the area has a history of conventional oil and gas development and coal mining.
In all, 30 surface-water sites were sampled: 20 in tributaries flowing to the lakes, 4 in lakes themselves, and 6 downstream of the lakes. At each of the 30 sites, 6 samples were collected to characterize surface-water chemistry throughout a range of hydrologic conditions. The sampling generally occurred during low flows (periods of greater groundwater contribution) rather than during runoff events (periods of high stream stage).
Trilinear diagrams of major ion chemistry revealed three main types of water in the study area―sulfate-dominated waters, bicarbonate-dominated waters, and waters with mixed bicarbonate and chloride anions. Most sites produced samples of bicarbonate-dominated water, and 11 sites produced samples with sulfate-type waters. Mixed bicarbonate and chloride waters were found in samples from two of the six lake drainage basins studied.
The baseline (2015–16) assessment of surface-water quality in the study area indicated that few water-chemistry constituents and properties occurred at concentrations or levels that would adversely affect aquatic organisms. Chemical-specific, aquatic life use criteria were not met in only three instances: two were for total dissolved solids at sites likely impacted by coal mining in their drainage basins (hereafter referred to as “mine-impacted sites”), and one was for dissolved oxygen.
Mine drainage from historical coal mining in the region likely affected the quality of about one-third of the streams sampled. To simplify interpretation of water-chemistry results, 11 sites with sulfate-type water were identified as mine-impacted sites based on water-quality criteria established by Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mineral Resources Management, and separated out for subsequent statistical analysis. Concentrations or levels of bicarbonate, boron, calcium, carbonate, total dissolved solids, fluoride, magnesium, lithium, pH, potassium, sodium, specific conductance, strontium, sulfate, and suspended sediment in water were higher (significance level of 0.05) at mine-impacted stream sites than at non-mine-impacted stream sites.
An accidental release of oil- and gas-related brines could increase salinity (sodium and chloride), the concentration of total dissolved solids in shallow groundwater and streams, and specific conductance. For this study, chloride concentrations in the study area ranged from 2.12 to 76.1 milligrams per liter. Sources of chloride in water samples were evaluated using binary mixing curves and ratios of chloride to bromide. These ratios indicated that 13 samples from 3 sites in the drainage basin that contained the highest density of conventional oil and gas wells in the study, as well as 4 samples collected from other drainage basins, likely contained a component of brine. Concentrations or levels of barium, bromide, chloride, iron, lithium, manganese, and sodium were significantly higher (alpha = 0.05) in samples with a component of brine than in samples without a component of brine.
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), compounds that occur naturally in crude oil, made up 24 of the 45 detections (53 percent) of volatile organic compounds in the study area. The BTEX detections were not associated with sites containing a component of brine. The only volatile organic compound detected in any of the 17 samples that contained a component of brine was acetone, detected in 3 (18 percent) of these samples and in 11 percent of samples not containing a component of brine. Considering that BTEX are gasoline hydrocarbons and that most of the detections occurred during warmer months in and around the lakes, the BTEX detections likely are associated with increases in outdoor activities such as automobile and boating traffic.
Radium-226 and radium-228 were included in the list of analytes for this study because production water from shale-gas drilling can contain these naturally occurring radioactive materials. Concentrations of radium-226 exceeded background levels in only two surface-water samples. Concentrations of radium-228 exceeded background levels in one surface-water sample.
A brine signature potentially indicative of oil and gas contamination was detected in samples collected at two sites that contained active or plugged waste injection wells, or both. Results from the study indicated significant differences in the median concentrations of bromide, chloride, lithium, manganese, sodium, and total dissolved nitrogen between sites with and without injection wells in their drainage areas. Median concentrations of bromide, chloride, lithium, and sodium, which are common oil- and gas-related contaminants, were higher at sites with injection wells in their drainage areas compared to sites without injection wells.
Historical (1960s, 1970s, and 1980s) chloride concentrations and streamflow data at or near five of the six sampling sites downstream from each lake dam were compared to current (2015–16) values. An analysis of covariance was done to test the effects of streamflow, time (decade), and the combined effects (cross product) of streamflow and time on chloride concentrations. Those analyses indicated that streamflow was not significant in explaining the variation in chloride concentration, likely because streamflow in those locations is controlled by dam operations; therefore, association between runoff-generating events and streamflow is less direct than in unregulated streams. From the 1980s to the study period (2015–16), data for three of the five lakes indicated an increase in chloride concentrations. The comparison of historical and current (2015–16) study data from samples collected at another lake indicated that chloride concentrations increased from the 1960s to the 1970s, but concentrations in the 1970s and 2015–16 were similar even though 13 samples from this lake drainage basin were classified as having a component of brine. Median chloride concentrations for the fifth lake, however, seemed to decrease from the 1980s to 2015–16.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Covert, S.A., Jagucki, M.L., and Huitger, C., 2018, Baseline water quality of an area undergoing shale-gas development in the Muskingum River watershed, Ohio, 2015–16: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5113, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185113.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 129 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-091174","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359613,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0SRT","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from quality-control equipment blanks, field blanks, and field replicates for baseline water quality of an area undergoing shale-gas development in the Muskingum River watershed, Ohio, 2015-16 "},{"id":359612,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5113/sir20185113.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5113"},{"id":359611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5113/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Muskingum River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.75,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -80.75,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -80.75,\n 40.6667\n ],\n [\n -81.75,\n 40.6667\n ],\n [\n -81.75,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd
Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229
Located southwest of Klamath Falls, Oregon, Klamath Straits Drain is a 10.1-mile-long canal that conveys water uphill and northward through the use of pumps before discharging to the Klamath River. Klamath Straits Drain traverses an area that historically encompassed Lower Klamath Lake. Currently, the Drain receives water from farmland and from parts of the Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuge. To support water-quality improvement in Klamath Straits Drain, a hydrodynamic and water-temperature model was constructed and calibrated for calendar years 2012–15 with the two-dimensional model CE-QUAL-W2 (version 4.0). Water quality was calibrated for a subset of that time, from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2015. Flows in calendar year 2012 were within the normal range, while calendar years 2013–15 were dry years. Significant findings from this study include:
This newly constructed model of the Klamath Straits Drain simulates flow, water levels, water temperature, and water quality with acceptable accuracy but with certain data limitations. This model should prove useful in evaluating potential strategies for flow and water-quality management and restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A.B., and Rounds, S.A., 2018, Modeling hydrodynamics, water temperature, and water quality in Klamath Straits Drain, Oregon and California, 2012–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5134, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185134.","productDescription":"vii, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099157","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5134/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":359690,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://or.water.usgs.gov/proj/keno_reach/models.html","text":"Klamath Straits Models —","description":"SIR 2018-5134 Klamath Straits Model","linkHelpText":"Water-Quality Monitoring and Modeling of the Keno Reach of the Klamath River"},{"id":359689,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5134/sir20185134.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5134"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Straits Drain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 41.8333\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 41.8333\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 42.33\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 42.33\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 41.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
Digital flood-inundation maps for a 7.1-mile reach of the North Fork Kentucky River at Hazard, Kentucky (Ky.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Kentucky Silver Jackets and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Louisville District. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science website at https://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the North Fork Kentucky River at Hazard, Ky. (USGS station number 03277500). Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained on the internet from the USGS National Water Information System at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) at https://water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at this site (NWS AHPS site HAZK2). NWS AHPS forecast peak stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.
Flood profiles were computed for the North Fork Kentucky River reach by means of a one-dimensional, step-backwater model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current stage-discharge relation (USGS rating no. 24.0) at USGS streamgage 03277500, North Fork Kentucky River at Hazard, Ky. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to compute 26 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from approximately bankfull (14 ft) to the highest even-foot increment stage (39 ft) of the current stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model, derived from light detection and ranging data, to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
The availability of these maps, along with information on the internet regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage at North Fork Kentucky River at Hazard, Ky., and forecasted stream stages from the NWS AHPS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood-response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kentucky Silver Jackets and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Louisville District","usgsCitation":"Boldt, J.A., Lant, J.G., and Kolarik, N.E., 2018, Flood-inundation maps for the North Fork Kentucky River at Hazard, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5122, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185122.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 12 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-098752","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359619,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CNAG9G","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial datasets and model for the flood-inundation study of the North Fork Kentucky River at Hazard, Kentucky"},{"id":359617,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5122/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":359618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5122//sir20185122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5122"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"Hazard","otherGeospatial":" North Fork Kentucky River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.20315361022949,\n 37.22158045838649\n ],\n [\n -83.15423011779785,\n 37.22158045838649\n ],\n [\n -83.15423011779785,\n 37.274872400526334\n ],\n [\n -83.20315361022949,\n 37.274872400526334\n ],\n [\n -83.20315361022949,\n 37.22158045838649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
9818 Bluegrass Parkway
Louisville, KY 40299-1906
Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water (Burow and Belitz, 2014). The Mississippi embayment–Texas coastal uplands aquifer system constitutes one of the important aquifer systems being evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183067","usgsCitation":"Kingsbury, J.A., 2018, Groundwater quality in the Mississippi embayment–Texas coastal uplands aquifer system, south-central United States (ver. 1.1, September 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3067, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183067.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-097552","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358167,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3067/fs20183067_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2018-3067"},{"id":378457,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3067/versionHist.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":358166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3067/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Embayment–Texas Coastal Uplands Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -87,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -87,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: November 26, 2018; Version 1.1: September 16, 2020","contact":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program
U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water (Burow and Belitz, 2014). The Floridan aquifer system constitutes one of the important aquifer systems being evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183066","usgsCitation":"Kingsbury, J.A., 2018, Groundwater quality in the Floridan aquifer system, Southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3066, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183066.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-097551","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3066/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358165,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3066/fs20183066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2018-3066"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Floridan Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -79.07958984375,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -79.07958984375,\n 33.33970700424026\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 33.33970700424026\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 25.64152637306577\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program
U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
The Piceance and Yellow Creek watersheds in Rio Blanco County, Colorado, are known to contain important energy resources (oil shale and natural gas) and mineral resources (nahcolite). The primary sources of fresh groundwater in the Piceance and Yellow Creek watersheds are bedrock aquifers in the Uinta and Green River Formations. The aquifers are divided into an upper and lower aquifer separated by a regionally extensive semiconfining layer. These aquifers provide water to streams and springs in the watersheds and are an important resource to people living and working in the area. Development of energy and mineral resources has the potential to affect the quality of groundwater in several ways. The Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Geological Survey began groundwater monitoring in 2010 to characterize the groundwater quality and water-level elevations of shallow bedrock aquifers in the Piceance and Yellow Creek watersheds. The purpose of this report is to present ground-water chemistry and water-level elevations collected during 2013–16. Comparisons are made to data that were collected from the bedrock aquifers from 2010 to 2012 to identify the potential for changes in water quality and water-level elevations.
Appreciable changes in water-level elevations and hydraulic gradient were observed in early April 2015 in two wells completed in the upper and lower aquifers. The hydraulic gradient between the two wells was consistently downward from the upper aquifer to the lower aquifer during 2010–15; however, in early April 2015, the gradient changed from downward to upward between the two aquifers. Overall, water-level elevations declined by about 14 and 11 feet in the upper and lower aquifers, respectively, from 2013 to 2016. Previously published data estimated groundwater ages at 1,200 years old in the upper aquifer and 9,600 years old in the lower aquifer. These groundwater ages indicate that ground-water was recharged over thousands of years. With such long periods of time for aquifer recharge, declines in water-level elevation over short time steps (a few months) have important implications for sustainable management of this resource. Solution mining activities or drilling for oil and natural gas in the area could be related to the changes observed in water-level elevations in these wells; however, further investigation would be needed to evaluate causation.
Changes in major-ion chemistry were evaluated in the bedrock aquifer using time series plots of select major-ion data from 2010 to 2016. Major-ion chemistry was variable for a single well from 2010 to 2016 where alkalinity and sulfate were the most variable constituents. One possible explanation for the observed changes in major-ion chemistry may be that the sample depth for that well no longer represents the most appreciable flow in the borehole. On a larger scale, potential changes in flow within the borehole may indicate changes in the regional flow system. Methane and volatile organic compound concentrations were evaluated using a similar approach to that of major ions and had similar findings. Methane concentrations in wells sampled from 2010 to 2016 were generally constant. The only exception was observed at a single well where the range of methane concentrations was from 57.4 (2010) to 4.02 milligrams per liter (2013). This is the same well where changes in water-level elevation, hydraulic gradient, and major-ion chemistry were observed, providing multiple lines of evidence to indicate change in the bedrock aquifers. Sampling of a well located in an area with little energy development but where faults or fractures could provide a path for the migration of fluids indicate mixing of groundwater between the upper and lower aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185142","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, White River Field Office","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.C., and McMahon, P.B., 2018, Groundwater chemistry and water-level elevations in bedrock aquifers of the Piceance and Yellow Creek watersheds, Rio Blanco County, Colorado, 2013–16: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5142, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185142.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-093390","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5142/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":359633,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5142/sir20185142.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5142"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Rio Blanco County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.75,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -107.75,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -107.75,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -108.75,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -108.75,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 415
Denver, CO 80225
Safe drinking water at the point-of-use (tapwater, TW) is a United States public health priority. Multiple lines of evidence were used to evaluate potential human health concerns of 482 organics and 19 inorganics in TW from 13 (7 public supply, 6 private well self-supply) home and 12 (public supply) workplace locations in 11 states. Only uranium (61.9 μg L–1, private well) exceeded a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation maximum contaminant level (MCL: 30 μg L–1). Lead was detected in 23 samples (MCL goal: zero). Seventy-five organics were detected at least once, with median detections of 5 and 17 compounds in self-supply and public supply samples, respectively (corresponding maxima: 12 and 29). Disinfection byproducts predominated in public supply samples, comprising 21% of all detected and 6 of the 10 most frequently detected. Chemicals designed to be bioactive (26 pesticides, 10 pharmaceuticals) comprised 48% of detected organics. Site-specific cumulative exposure–activity ratios (∑EAR) were calculated for the 36 detected organics with ToxCast data. Because these detections are fractional indicators of a largely uncharacterized contaminant space, ∑EAR in excess of 0.001 and 0.01 in 74 and 26% of public supply samples, respectively, provide an argument for prioritized assessment of cumulative effects to vulnerable populations from trace-level TW exposures.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.8b04622","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Kolpin, D.W., Romanok, K.M., Smalling, K.L., Focazio, M.J., Brown, J.B., Cardon, M.C., Carpenter, K.D., Corsi, S., DeCicco, L.A., Dietze, J.E., Evans, N., Furlong, E.T., Givens, C., Gray, J.L., Griffin, D.W., Higgins, C.P., Hladik, M., Iwanowicz, L., Journey, C.A., Kuivila, K., Masoner, J.R., McDonough, C.A., Meyer, M.T., Orlando, J.L., Strynar, M.J., Weis, C., and Wilson, V.S., 2018, Reconnaissance of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in private and public supply tapwaters at selected residential and workplace sites in the United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 52, no. 23, p. 13972-13985, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04622.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"13972","endPage":"13985","ipdsId":"IP-094503","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water 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The Chesapeake Bay Program partnership has developed criteria guidance supporting the definition of state water quality standards and associated assessment procedures for DO and other parameters, which provides a binary classification of attainment or impairment. Evaluating time series of these two outcomes alone, however, provides limited information on water quality change over time or space. Here we introduce an extension of the existing Chesapeake Bay water quality criterion assessment framework to quantify the amount of impairment shown by space-time exceedance of DO criterion (“attainment deficit”) for a specific tidal management unit (i.e., segment). We demonstrate the usefulness of this extended framework by applying it to Bay segments for each 3-year assessment period between 1985 and 2016. In general, the attainment deficit for the most recent period assessed (i.e., 2014–2016) is considerably worse for deep channel (DC; n = 10) segments than open water (OW; n = 92) and deep water (DW; n = 18) segments. Most subgroups – classified by designated uses, salinity zones, or tidal systems – show better (or similar) attainment status in 2014–2016 than their initial status (1985–1987). Some significant temporal trends (p < 0.1) were detected, presenting evidence on the recovery for portions of Chesapeake Bay with respect to DO criterion attainment. Significant, improving trends were observed in seven OW segments, four DW segments, and one DC segment over the 30 3-year assessment periods (1985–2016). Likewise, significant, improving trends were observed in 15 OW, five DW, and four DC segments over the recent 15 assessment periods (2000–2016). Subgroups showed mixed trends, with the Patuxent, Nanticoke, and Choptank Rivers experiencing significant, improving short-term (2000–2016) trends while Elizabeth experiencing a significant, degrading short-term trend. The general lack of significantly improving trends across the Bay suggests that further actions will be necessary to achieve full attainment of DO criterion. Insights revealed in this work are critical for understanding the dynamics of the Bay ecosystem and for further assessing the effectiveness of management initiatives aimed toward Bay restoration.
The U.S. Geological Survey collected continuous water-temperature data in select tributaries of the lowermost 80 kilometers (50 miles) of the Willamette River in northwestern Oregon, during summers 2016 and 2017. Point measurements of water temperature and water quality (dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH) also were collected at multiple locations and depths within the river and in the lower reaches of three major tributaries (Clackamas and Molalla Rivers, and Johnson Creek). These datasets were collected to identify potential locations of cold-water refuges for sensitive fish species, and to characterize daily, seasonal, and spatial variability in water conditions. These datasets may be useful for local municipalities that are required to identify cold-water refuges (as defined in State of Oregon water-quality standards) and determine approaches for protecting and enhancing these features as part of their Willamette River water-temperature Total Maximum Daily Load implementation plans. This report documents the data collection methods, provides summary graphs and maps of the water-temperature data, and outlines steps for accessing the data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Lake Oswego, City of Wilsonville, Meyer Memorial Trust, and Benton Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Mangano, J.F., Piatt, D.R., Jones, K.L, and Rounds, S.A., 2018, Water temperature in tributaries, off-channel features, and main channel of the lower Willamette River, northwestern Oregon, summers 2016 and 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018-1184, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181184.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099746","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1184/ofr20181184.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1184"},{"id":359615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1184/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lower Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.85736083984375,\n 45.268121280142886\n ],\n [\n -122.57995605468749,\n 45.268121280142886\n ],\n [\n -122.57995605468749,\n 45.66108710567762\n ],\n [\n -122.85736083984375,\n 45.66108710567762\n ],\n [\n -122.85736083984375,\n 45.268121280142886\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
The North American Prairie Pothole Region covers about 770,000 square kilometers of the United States and Canada (including parts of 5 States and 3 provinces: North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Minnesota, Iowa, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta). The Laurentide Ice Sheet shaped the landscape of the region about 12,000 to 14,000 years ago. The retreat of the ice sheet left behind low-permeability glacial till and a landscape dotted with millions of depressions known today as prairie potholes. The wetlands that subsequently formed in these depressions, prairie-pothole wetlands, provide critical migratory-bird habitat and support dynamic aquatic communities. Extensive grasslands and productive agricultural systems surround these wetland ecosystems. In prairie-pothole wetlands, the compositions of plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate communities are highly dependent on hydrogeochemical conditions. Regional climate shifts between wet and dry periods affect the length of time that wetlands contain ponded surface water and the chemistry of that ponded water. Land-use change can exacerbate or reduce the effects of climate on wetland hydrology and water chemistry.
A mechanistic understanding of the relation among climate, land use, hydrology, chemistry, and biota in prairie-pothole wetlands is needed to better understand the complex, and often interacting, effects of climate and land use on prairie-pothole wetland systems and to facilitate climate and land-use change adaptation efforts. The Pothole Hydrology-Linked Systems Simulator (PHyLiSS) model was developed to address this need. The model simulates water-surface elevation dynamics in prairie-pothole wetlands and quantifies changes in salinity. The PHyLiSS model is unique among other wetland models because it accommodates differing sizes and morphometries of wetland basins, is not dependent on a priori designations of wetland class, and allows for functional changes associated with dynamic shifts in ecohydrological states. The PHyLiSS model also has the capability to simulate wetland salinity, and potential future iterations will also simulate the effects of changing hydrology and geochemical conditions on biota. This report documents the development of the hydrological and geochemical components of the PHyLiSS model and provides example applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181165","usgsCitation":"McKenna, O.P., Mushet, D.M., Scherff, E.J., McLean, K.I., and Mills, C.T., 2018, The Pothole Hydrology-Linked Systems Simulator (PHyLiSS)—Development and application of a systems model for prairie-pothole wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Report 2018–1165, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181165.","productDescription":"vii, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-098927","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1165/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":359587,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1165/ofr20181165.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018–1165"},{"id":359588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b840f3ee4b05f6e321b4f04","text":"Pothole Hydrology Linked Systems Simulator (PHyLiSS)"}],"contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
A total of seven independent ML ≥ 4.0 earthquakes occurred in the Los Angeles, California, basin, during the early instrumental period between 1932 and 1952, the largest of which was the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Revising available macroseismic and instrumental data for a total of 6 4.0 ≤ ML ≤ 5.1 events between 1938 and 1944, we conclude that early instrumental locations can be grossly inconsistent with detailed macroseismic data. We use available macroseismic data to revisit event locations. We further present evidence that most if not all of these moderate earthquakes may have been induced by oil production. We quantify the predicted stress change associated with production from eight oil fields in the southwestern Los Angeles basin and show that frictional failure would have been encouraged beneath and at the periphery of high-volume fields, with stress changes upward of 0.1 MPa at 5-km depth. The results suggest that if earthquakes are induced by stress changes associated with production, the magnitudes of events might tend to be limited by the limited spatial extent of lobes of increased Coulomb failure stress. It further appears that the advent of fluid injection recovery methods (water-flooding) around 1960 mitigated induced earthquake risk considerably.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2017JB014616","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., and Bilham, R., 2018, Revisiting earthquakes in the Los Angeles, California, basin during the early instrumental period: Evidence for an association with oil production: JGR Solid Earth, v. 123, no. 12, p. 10684-10705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JB014616.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"10684","endPage":"10705","ipdsId":"IP-088079","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jb014616","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -118.6,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -118.6,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":263442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bilham, Roger","contributorId":225117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilham","given":"Roger","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200967,"text":"70200967 - 2018 - Landscape topoedaphic features create refugia from drought and insect disturbance in a lodgepole and whitebark pine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-21T14:52:38","indexId":"70200967","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-19T10:07:47","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1689,"text":"Forests","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape topoedaphic features create refugia from drought and insect disturbance in a lodgepole and whitebark pine forest","docAbstract":"Droughts and insect outbreaks are primary disturbance processes linking climate change to tree mortality in western North America. Refugia from these disturbances—locations where impacts are less severe relative to the surrounding landscape—may be priorities for conservation, restoration, and monitoring. In this study, hypotheses concerning physical and biological processes supporting refugia were investigated by modelling the landscape controls on disturbance refugia that were identified using remotely sensed vegetation indicators. Refugia were identified at 30-m resolution using anomalies of Landsat-derived Normalized Difference Moisture Index in lodgepole and whitebark pine forests in southern Oregon, USA, in 2001 (a single-year drought with no insect outbreak) and 2009 (during a multi-year drought and severe outbreak of mountain pine beetle). Landscape controls on refugia (topographic, soil, and forest characteristics) were modeled using boosted regression trees. Landscape characteristics better explained and predicted refugia locations in 2009, when forest impacts were greater, than in 2001. Refugia in lodgepole and whitebark pine forests were generally associated with topographically shaded slopes, convergent environments such as valleys, areas of relatively low soil bulk density, and in thinner forest stands. In whitebark pine forest, refugia were associated with riparian areas along headwater streams. Spatial patterns in evapotranspiration, snowmelt dynamics, soil water storage, and drought-tolerance and insect-resistance abilities may help create refugia from drought and mountain pine beetle. Identification of the landscape characteristics supporting refugia can help forest managers target conservation resources in an era of climate-change exacerbation of droughts and insect outbreaks.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/f9110715","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, J.M., 2018, Landscape topoedaphic features create refugia from drought and insect disturbance in a lodgepole and whitebark pine forest: Forests, v. 9, no. 11, p. 1-35, https://doi.org/10.3390/f9110715.","productDescription":"Article 715; 35 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-090482","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f9110715","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74Q7SWX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Analysis of remotely-sensed vegetation conditions during droughts and a mountain pine beetle outbreak, Gearhart Mountain Wilderness, Oregon"},{"id":359541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Gearhart Mountain Wilderness","volume":"9","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf3d9efe4b045bfcae0c9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199970,"text":"sir20185121 - 2018 - Relating cyanobacteria and physicochemical water-quality properties in Willow Creek Lake, Nebraska, 2012–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T14:20:04","indexId":"sir20185121","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-19T06:54:31","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5121","displayTitle":"Relating Cyanobacteria and Physicochemical Water-Quality Properties in Willow Creek Lake, Nebraska, 2012–14","title":"Relating cyanobacteria and physicochemical water-quality properties in Willow Creek Lake, Nebraska, 2012–14","docAbstract":"Cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) are naturally present members of phytoplankton assemblages that may detract from beneficial uses of water because some strains produce cyanotoxins that pose health hazards to people and animals. Cyanobacteria populations observed in Willow Creek Lake during 2012 through 2014 were compared to external nutrient loading from the Willow Creek drainage basin and several other physicochemical properties within the lake, including internal nutrient loading. This report is part of a cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Lower Elkhorn Natural Resources District, the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, the Nebraska Environmental Trust, and the University of Nebraska–Lincoln.
Cyanobacteria concentrations were quantified using weekly microcystin sampling, intermittent algal taxonomy, and hourly in-situ phycocyanin measurements. External and internal nutrient loads, lake water physical characteristics, and local meteorological conditions were evaluated as potential causes of cyanobacterial blooms. A water balance approach that estimated Willow Creek Lake inflow and outflow volumes identified Willow Creek as the major inflow and groundwater flux as the major outflow for the lake. Nutrient concentrations from several water sources were quantified and combined with flow volumes to compute nutrient loads during the study period.
Surface flows contributed most external nutrients to the lake, whereas lake nutrients were exported during groundwater losses. The main stem of Willow Creek accounted for most nitrate loads to the lake, whereas total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and phosphate loads to the lake were more evenly distributed between Willow Creek and the North Tributary, a smaller drainage. Sediment core incubations determined internal phosphorus loading was a negligible component of the overall nutrient load to the lake.
Cyanobacterial responses were compared to nutrient loads and other external factors that could potentially affect algal growth. A series of univariate comparisons were made by plotting those factors against phycocyanin using biweekly summaries of each and a multivariate model that incorporated seasonality and cumulative nitrate loading. Although the multivariate model only incorporated cumulative nitrate, both nitrogen and phosphorus are likely contributing to cyanobacterial population growth, and management efforts may benefit from the recognition of differences in nutrient loading characteristics between the monitored basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Elkhorn Natural Resources District, Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, Nebraska Environmental Trust, and University of Nebraska–Lincoln","usgsCitation":"Rus, D.L., Hall, B.M., and Thomas, S.A., 2018, Relating cyanobacteria and physicochemical water-quality properties in Willow Creek Lake, Nebraska, 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5121, 43 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185121.","productDescription":"Report: x, 43 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073831","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359466,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5121/sir20185121.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5121"},{"id":359467,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RBDQI5","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Monitoring Data for Willow Creek Lake, Nebraska, 2012–14"},{"id":359465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5121/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Willow Creek Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.1667,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -97.3333,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -97.3333,\n 42.333\n ],\n [\n -98.1667,\n 42.333\n ],\n [\n -98.1667,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, NE 68512
Sediment transport past rocky headlands has received less attention compared to transport along beaches. Here we explore, in a field-based study, possible pathways for sediment movement adjacent to Point Dume, a headland in Santa Monica Bay, California. This prominent shoreline feature is a nearly symmetrical, triangular-shaped promontory interior to the Santa Monica Littoral Cell. We collected current, wave, and turbidity data for 74 days during which several wave events occurred, including one associated with a remote hurricane and another generated by the first winter storm of 2014. We also acquired sediment samples to quantify seabed grain-size distributions. Near-bottom currents towards the headland dominated on both of its sides and wave-driven longshore currents in the surf zone were faster on the exposed side. Bed shear stresseswere generated mostly by waves with minor contributions from currents, but both wave-driven and other currents contributed to sediment flux. On the wave-exposed west side of the headland, suspended sediment concentrations correlated with bed stress suggesting local resuspension whereas turbidity levels on the sheltered east side of the headland are more easily explained by advective delivery. Most of the suspended sediment appears to be exported offshore due to flow separation at the apex of the headland but may not move far given that sediment fluxes at moorings offshore of the apex were small. Further, wave-driven sediment flux in the surf zone is unlikely to pass the headland due to the discontinuity in wave forcing that causes longshore transport in different directions on each side of the headland. It is thus unlikely that sand is transported past the headland (specifically in a westerly direction), although some transport of finer fractions may occur offshore in deep water. These findings of minimal sediment flux past Point Dume are consistent with its role as a littoral cell boundary, although more complex multi-stage processes and unusual events may account for some transport at times.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2018.10.011","usgsCitation":"George, D.A., Largier, J.L., Storlazzi, C.D., Robart, M.J., and Gaylord, B., 2018, Currents, waves and sediment transport around the headland of Pt. Dume, California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 171, p. 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.10.011.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","ipdsId":"IP-091841","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.10.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pt. Dume","volume":"171","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5befe5b9e4b045bfcadf7f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Douglas A.","contributorId":60328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Largier, John L.","contributorId":175121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Largier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robart, Matthew J.","contributorId":210665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robart","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38129,"text":"UCD/BML","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaylord, Brian","contributorId":210666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaylord","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38129,"text":"UCD/BML","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198512,"text":"sir20185097 - 2018 - Chemical and isotopic characteristics of methane in groundwater of Ohio, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T14:13:05","indexId":"sir20185097","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-16T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5097","displayTitle":"Chemical and Isotopic Characteristics of Methane in Groundwater of Ohio, 2016","title":"Chemical and isotopic characteristics of methane in groundwater of Ohio, 2016","docAbstract":"In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Ohio Water Development Authority, investigated the hydrogeologic setting, chemical and isotopic characteristics, and origin of methane in groundwater of Ohio. Understanding the occurrence and distribution of methane in groundwater is important in terms of public safety because methane in water wells can pose a risk of explosion. In addition, documenting the chemical and isotopic characteristics of methane in groundwater can make an important contribution to future stray gas investigations.
Water samples were collected from 15 domestic water wells known to produce methane, which were in 12 counties in diverse parts of Ohio. The wells were 75–345 feet deep and tapped a range of aquifer types, including glacial deposits and bedrock of Upper Ordovician, Upper Devonian, Lower Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian ages. Although the hydrogeologic settings were varied, there was a broad similarity among the well sites in that the bedrock was predominantly shale and the glacial deposits were predominantly clay.
The wells were sampled for dissolved inorganic constituents; dissolved organic carbon; methane and other dissolved gases; stable isotopes (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) of methane, water, and dissolved inorganic carbon; and carbon-14 of methane. Gas composition and stable isotopes of methane were used to differentiate thermogenic and microbial methane. The degree of fractionation of hydrogen and carbon isotopes was used to evaluate the pathway of microbial methanogenesis (carbon dioxide [CO2] reduction or acetate fermentation) and the effects of secondary processes such as oxidation, mixing, and migration. The concentration of carbon-14 of methane was used to evaluate the relative age of the carbon source.
The quality of water from the 15 wells differed greatly; water types ranged from CaMgHCO3 to NaCl, and total dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 318 to 2,940 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Methane concentrations ranged from 1.2 to 120 mg/L. Of the 15 samples, 12 had methane concentrations greater than 28 mg/L, the level that can pose a risk of explosion.
Of the 15 samples, 12 had chemical and isotopic characteristics or \"signatures\" consistent with microbial methane formed by CO2 reduction. CO2 reduction is commonly associated with microbial degradation of organic matter in anaerobic aquifers and with the formation of microbial shale gas and coalbed methane along margins of sedimentary basins. Two of 15 samples were interpreted as having a component of thermogenic methane based on the δ13C of methane (−50.96 and −47.74 parts per thousand [per mil]) and gas dryness (28 and 5). One of 15 samples (from the shallowest well) had chemical and isotopic characteristics consistent with methane oxidation by sulfate reduction based on light δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (−31.6 per mil) and evidence of sulfate reduction in terms of the odor and appearance of the water.
For the 12 samples interpreted as microbial methane formed by CO2 reduction, the δ13C of methane varied from −75 to −56 per mil. Multiple samples from the same aquifer demonstrated a general trend of increasing δ13C of methane with depth. Samples with lighter δ13C of methane (−75 to −62 per mil) were from shallower wells (or wells with shallow open intervals), and the isotopic signature of the water was consistent with modern or postglacial groundwater recharge. Three samples with heavier δ13C of methane (−61 to −56 per mil) were from deeper wells or more confined aquifers where the isotopic signature of water was consistent with older (glacial) recharge. In addition, δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon was enriched (+12 to +18.9 per mil), and carbon-14 of methane was consistent with carbon associated with Paleozoic bedrock or older glacial deposits. These observations are generally consistent with increased Rayleigh-type fractionation at greater depths; however, other interpretations are possible. Isotopic signatures can be ambiguous, especially in areas with complex geologic histories that include multiple episodes of migration, mixing, and (or) oxidation.
Many of the wells were in proximity to multiple potential natural and anthropogenic pathways of methane migration; however, it is not possible to determine if the methane in any of the wells is related to human activities based on the chemical and isotopic data collected for this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Water Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.A., 2018, Chemical and isotopic characteristics of methane in groundwater of Ohio, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5097, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185097.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-095132","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359469,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5097/sir20185097.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5097"},{"id":359468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5097/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Boulevard Ste. 100
Columbus, OH 43229-1737
Deterministic dynamical modeling of future climate conditions and associated hazards, such as flooding, can be computationally-expensive if century-long time-series of waves, sea level variations, and overland flow patterns are simulated. To alleviate some of the computational costs, local impacts of individual coastal storms can be explored by first identifying particular events or scenarios of interest and dynamically modeling those events in detail. In this study, an efficient approach to selecting storm events for subsequent deterministic detailed modeling of coastal flooding is presented. The approach identifies locally relevant scenarios derived from regional datasets spanning long time-periods and covering large geographic areas. This is done by identifying storm events from global climate models using a robust, yet computationally simple approach for calculating total water level proxies at the shore, assuming a linear superposition of the important processes contributing to the overall total water level. Clustering of the total water level time-series is used to define coherent coastal cells where similar return period water level extrema occur in response to region-wide storms. Results show that the more severe but rare coastal flood events (e.g., the 100-year (yr) event) typically occur from the same storm across the region, but that a number of different storms are responsible for the less severe but more frequent local extreme water levels (e.g., the 1-yr event). This new ‘storm selection’ approach is applied to the Southern California Bight, a region of varying shoreline orientations that is subject to wave refraction across complex bathymetry, and shadowing, focusing, diffraction, and dissipation of wave energy by islands. Results indicate that wave runup dominates total water level extremes at this study site, highlighting the importance of downscaling global-scale models to nearshore waves when seeking accurate projections of local coastal hazards in response to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.08.003","usgsCitation":"Erikson, L.H., Espejo, A., Barnard, P., Katherine A. Serafin, Hegermiller, C., O'Neill, A., Ruggerio, P., Limber, P.W., and Mendez, F.J., 2018, Identification of storm events and contiguous coastal sections for deterministic modeling of extreme coastal flood events in response to climate change: Coastal Engineering, v. 140, p. 316-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.08.003.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"330","ipdsId":"IP-077289","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.08.003","text":"External Repository"},{"id":366001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.2451171875,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -121.2451171875,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -121.2451171875,\n 32.63937487360669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"140","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":149963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Espejo, Antonio","contributorId":217673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Espejo","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katherine A. Serafin","contributorId":187534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katherine A. Serafin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hegermiller, Christie 0000-0002-6383-7508 chegermiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-7508","contributorId":149010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hegermiller","given":"Christie","email":"chegermiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O'Neill, Andrea C. 0000-0003-1656-4372 aoneill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-4372","contributorId":5351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Neill","given":"Andrea C.","email":"aoneill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ruggerio, Peter","contributorId":67403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggerio","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Limber, Patrick W. 0000-0002-8207-3750 plimber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-3750","contributorId":196794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limber","given":"Patrick","email":"plimber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mendez, Fernando J.","contributorId":140322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendez","given":"Fernando","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13456,"text":"IH Cantrabria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70254571,"text":"70254571 - 2018 - Calibration of regional hydraulic and transport properties of an arid-region aquifer under modern and paleorecharge conditions using water levels and environmental tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-03T11:44:55.821178","indexId":"70254571","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-16T06:41:59","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of regional hydraulic and transport properties of an arid-region aquifer under modern and paleorecharge conditions using water levels and environmental tracers","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model was established and calibrated for the hyperarid Najd region in southern Oman. The results indicate that recent recharge rates are required to sustain the observed groundwater heads in the Najd. The model was also used to estimate possible ranges of past recharge rates and the effective porosity of the main aquifer unit. Recharge rates during past humid periods were estimated to be no more than 1–3 times modern rates. The effective porosity was estimated to be between 0.06 and 0.093. Insight into the nature of the long-term transport within the aquifer was gained by using transient model runs over the last 350 ka and (1) varying the recharge intensity (from 0.1 to 2.5 times modern), and (2) the timing and duration of humid and dry periods. Finally, results indicate that although recharge rates and the flow conditions have likely changed over time, a steady-state model is capable of reproducing the observed groundwater residence times in the Najd based on carbon-14, helium and chlorine-36 dating.
To improve flood-frequency estimates at rural streams in Mississippi, annual exceedance probability flows at gaged streams and regional regression equations used to estimate annual exceedance probability flows for ungaged streams were developed by using current geospatial data, new analytical methods, and annual peak-flow data through the 2013 water year. The regional regression equations were derived from statistical analyses of peak-flow data and basin characteristics for 281 streamgages and incorporated a newly developed study-specific skew coefficient at streamgages located in five subregional watersheds (Middle Tennessee-Elk, Mobile-Tombigbee, Lower Mississippi-Big Black, Pearl, and Pascagoula) in Mississippi. Three flood regions—A, B, and C—were identified based on residuals from the regional regression analyses and contain sites with similar basin characteristics. Analysis was not conducted for the fourth flood region, the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, because of insufficient long-term streamflow data and poorly defined basin characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Anderson, B.T., 2018, Flood frequency of rural streams in Mississippi, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5148, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185148. 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, Tennessee 37211
We have developed a screening tool to visualize and conceptualize the filtering properties of a layered vadose zone. Climate projections indicate that rainfall timing and magnitude may change and impact groundwater resources. This increases the importance of understanding how the vadose zone filters infiltration variability and ultimately affects recharge and groundwater resources. An approximate solution for the filtering of surface forcings through soil layers was developed previously, and the soil and conditions where its approximations are appropriate was evaluated. Here we present a screening tool based on the solution for estimating how periodic infiltration forcings filter in a layered vadose zone for different soil properties and surface flux conditions. The solutions identify time-varying elements of surface forcings that persist to the depth of the water table, leading to transient recharge. We investigated the filtering properties of the vadose zone in Central Valley, California, and identified areas where surface forcings are essentially damped and recharge can be approximated as steady. We also determined the travel time for infiltration pulses to reach the depth of the water table.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2018.03.0048","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, J.E., and Ferre, T.P., 2018, Filtering of periodic infiltration in a layered vadose zone: 2. Applications and a freeware screening tool: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.03.0048.","productDescription":"Article 180048; 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-096156","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.03.0048","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BHD74M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Code for computing the responses to cyclical infiltration in a layered vadose zone in Central Valley, California"},{"id":359606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf52b68e4b045bfcae28006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, Jesse E. 0000-0002-0048-0839 jdickins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0839","contributorId":152545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Jesse","email":"jdickins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferre, T. P. A","contributorId":206539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferre","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P. A","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}