{"pageNumber":"3192","pageRowStart":"79775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184884,"records":[{"id":28699,"text":"wri004020 - 2000 - Environmental setting and its relations to water quality in the Kanawha River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri004020","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4020","title":"Environmental setting and its relations to water quality in the Kanawha River basin","docAbstract":"The Kanawha River and its major tributary, the New River, drain 12,233 mi2 in West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina. Altitude ranges from about 550 ft to more than 4,700 ft. The Kanawha River Basin is mountainous, and includes parts of three physiographic provinces, the Blue Ridge (17 percent), Valley and Ridge (23 percent), and Appalachian Plateaus (60 percent). In the Appalachian Plateaus Province, little of the land is flat, and most of the flat land is in the flood plains and terraces of streams; this has caused most development in this part of the basin to be near streams. The Blue Ridge Province is composed of crystalline rocks, and the Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateaus Provinces contain both carbonate and clastic rocks. Annual precipitation ranges from about 36 in. to more than 60 in., and is orographically affected, both locally and regionally. Average annual air temperature ranges from about 43?F to about 55?F, and varies with altitude but not physiographic province. Precipitation is greatest in the summer and least in the winter, and has the least seasonal variation in the Blue Ridge Province.\r\n\r\nIn 1990, the population of the basin was about 870,000, of whom about 25 percent lived in the Charleston, W. Va. metropolitan area. About 75 million tons of coal were mined in the Kanawha River Basin in 1998. This figure represents about 45 percent of the coal mined in West Virginia, and about seven percent of the coal mined in the United States. Dominant forest types in the basin are Northern Hardwood, Oak-Pine, and Mixed Mesophytic. Agricultural land use is more common in the Valley and Ridge and Blue Ridge Provinces than in the Appalachian Plateaus Province. Cattle are the principal agricultural products of the basin.\r\n\r\nStreams in the Blue Ridge Province and Allegheny Highlands have the most runoff in the basin, and streams in the Valley and Ridge Province and the southwestern Appalachian Plateaus have the least runoff. Streamflow is greatest in the spring and least in the autumn. About 61 percent of the basin's population use surface water from public supply for their domestic needs; about 30 percent use self-supplied ground water, and about nine percent use ground water from public supply. In 1995, total withdrawal of water in the basin was about 1,130 Mgal/d. Total consumptive use was about 118 Mgal/d. Surface water in the Blue Ridge Province is usually dilute (less than 100 mg/L dissolved solids) and well aerated. Dissolved- solids concentrations in streams of the Valley and Ridge Province at low flow are typically greater (150-180 mg/L) than those in the Blue Ridge Province. The Appalachian Plateaus Province contains streams with the most dilute (less than 30 mg/L dissolved solids) and least dilute (more than 500 mg/L dissolved solids) water in the basin.\r\n\r\nCoal mining has degraded more miles of streams in the basin than any other land use. Streams that receive coal-mine drainage may be affected by sedimentation, and typically contain high concentrations of sulfate, iron, and manganese. Other major water-quality issues include inadequate domestic sewage treatment, present and historic disposal of industrial wastes, and logging, which results in the addition of sediment, nutrients, and other constituents to the water.\r\n\r\nOne hundred eighteen fish species are reported from the Kanawha River system downstream from Kanawha Falls. Of these, 15 are listed as possible, probable, or known introductions. None of these fish species is endemic to the Kanawha River Basin. The New River system has only 46 native fishes, the lowest ratio of native fishes to drainage area of any river system in the eastern United States, and the second-highest proportion of endemic fish species (eight of 46) of any river system in the eastern United States.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004020","usgsCitation":"Messinger, T., and Hughes, C., 2000, Environmental setting and its relations to water quality in the Kanawha River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4020, vii, 57 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004020.","productDescription":"vii, 57 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65dacb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messinger, Terence 0000-0003-4084-9298 tmessing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-9298","contributorId":2717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messinger","given":"Terence","email":"tmessing@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, C.A.","contributorId":13278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28619,"text":"wri994289 - 2000 - Quantity and chemical quality of recharge, and updated water budgets, for the basin-fill aquifer in Eagle Valley, western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T13:14:23","indexId":"wri994289","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4289","title":"Quantity and chemical quality of recharge, and updated water budgets, for the basin-fill aquifer in Eagle Valley, western Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994289","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., and Thodal, C.E., 2000, Quantity and chemical quality of recharge, and updated water budgets, for the basin-fill aquifer in Eagle Valley, western Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4289, iv, 46 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994289.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4289/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":274648,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4289/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ad77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thodal, Carl E. 0000-0003-0782-3280 cethodal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-3280","contributorId":2292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thodal","given":"Carl","email":"cethodal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28450,"text":"wri004221 - 2000 - Water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah, and simulation of water and salt movement through the causeway, 1987-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T22:33:33.007944","indexId":"wri004221","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4221","title":"Water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah, and simulation of water and salt movement through the causeway, 1987-98","docAbstract":"<p>The Southern Pacific Transportation Company completed a rock-fill causeway across Great Salt Lake in 1959. The effect of the causeway was to change the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake by creating two separate but interconnected parts of the lake, with more than 95 percent of freshwater surface inflow entering the lake south of the causeway.</p><p>The water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake primarily depends on the amount of inflow from tributary streams and the conveyance properties of the causeway that divides the lake into south and north parts. The conveyance properties of the causeway consist of two 15-foot-wide culverts, a 290-foot-wide breach, and permeable rock-fill material.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri004221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lakds, and Tooele County, Utah","usgsCitation":"Loving, B.L., Waddell, K.M., and Miller, C., 2000, Water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah, and simulation of water and salt movement through the causeway, 1987-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4221, viii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004221.","productDescription":"viii, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"111","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425893,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34841.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95712,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.21411132812499,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.21411132812499,\n              41.713930073371294\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.851806640625,\n              41.713930073371294\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.851806640625,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.21411132812499,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6499e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loving, Brian L. bloving@usgs.gov","contributorId":4565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loving","given":"Brian","email":"bloving@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, Kidd M.","contributorId":20720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Kidd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Craig W.","contributorId":63439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Craig W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27764,"text":"wri994287 - 2000 - Method for estimating water use and interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater in an urbanized basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri994287","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4287","title":"Method for estimating water use and interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater in an urbanized basin","docAbstract":"Techniques for management of drainage basins that use water budgets to balance available water resources with actual or anticipated water use require accurate and precise estimates of basin withdrawals, interbasin transfers of freshwater, unaccounted-for use, water use, consumptive use, inflow and infiltration, basin return flow, and interbasin transfers of wastewater. Frequently, interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater are not included in basin water budgets because they occur within public water-delivery and wastewater-collection systems. A new 10-step method was developed to improve estimates of inflow and infiltration and interbasin transfers using readily available statewide data. The accuracy and precision of water-use estimates determined by this method are improved through careful application of coefficients for small users and the use of metered values for large users. The method was developed and tested with data for the Ten Mile River Basin in southeastern Massachusetts. This report uses examples from the basin to illustrate each step of the method. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994287","usgsCitation":"Horn, M., 2000, Method for estimating water use and interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater in an urbanized basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4287, iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994287.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2133,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994287","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horn, M.A.","contributorId":92223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26583,"text":"wri004149 - 2000 - Vulnerability of ground water to contamination, Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T11:32:05","indexId":"wri004149","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4149","title":"Vulnerability of ground water to contamination, Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas, 1998","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards aquifer, one of the most productive carbonate-rock aquifers in the Nation, is composed of the Kainer and Person Formations of the Edwards Group plus the overlying Georgetown Formation. Most recharge to the Edwards aquifer results from the percolation of streamflow loss and the infiltration of precipitation through porous parts of the recharge zone. Residential and commercial development is increasing, particularly in Bexar County in south-central Texas, atop the densely fractured and steeply faulted recharge zone. The increasing development has increased the vulnerability of ground water to contamination by spillage or leakage of waste materials, particularly fluids associated with urban runoff and (or) septic-tank leachate. This report describes a method of assessing the vulnerability of ground water to contamination in the Edwards aquifer recharge zone. The method is based on ratings of five natural features of the area: (1) hydraulic properties of outcropping hydrogeologic units; (2) presence or absence of faults; (3) presence or absence of caves and (or) sinkholes; (4) slope of land surface; and (5) permeability of soil. The sum of the ratings for the five natural features was used to develop a map showing the recharge zone's vulnerability to ground-water contamination.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004149","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., 2000, Vulnerability of ground water to contamination, Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4149, Report: iii, 9 p.; Plate: 28.36 x 19.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004149.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 9 p.; Plate: 28.36 x 19.44 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4149/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95611,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4149/report.pdf","size":"1476","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95612,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4149/plate-1.pdf","size":"1685","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24829,"text":"ofr00390 - 2000 - Research, methodology, and applications of probabilistic seismic-hazard mapping of the Central and Eastern United States; minutes of a workshop on June 13-14, 2000, at Saint Louis University","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T11:02:51","indexId":"ofr00390","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-390","title":"Research, methodology, and applications of probabilistic seismic-hazard mapping of the Central and Eastern United States; minutes of a workshop on June 13-14, 2000, at Saint Louis University","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is updating and revising its 1996 national seismic-hazard maps for release in 2001. Part of this process is the convening of four regional workshops with earth scientists and other users of the maps. The second of these workshops was sponsored by the USGS and the Mid-America Earthquake Center, and was hosted by Saint Louis University on June 13-14, 2000.</p><p>The workshop concentrated on the central and eastern U.S. (CEUS) east of the Rocky Mountains. The tasks of the workshop were to (1) evaluate new research findings that are relevant to seismic hazard mapping, (2) discuss modifications in the inputs and methodology used in the national maps, (3) discuss concerns by engineers and other users about the scientific input to the maps and the use of the hazard maps in building codes, and (4) identify needed research in the CEUS that can improve the seismic hazard maps and reduce their uncertainties.</p><p>&nbsp;These minutes summarize the workshop discussions. This is not a transcript; some individual remarks and short discussions of side issues and logistics were omitted. Named speakers were sent a draft of the minutes with a request for corrections of any errors in remarks attributed to them. Nine people returned corrections, amplifications, or approvals of their remarks as reported. The rest of this document consists of the meeting agenda, discussion summaries, and a list of the 60 attendees.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00390","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., and Perkins, D.M., 2000, Research, methodology, and applications of probabilistic seismic-hazard mapping of the Central and Eastern United States; minutes of a workshop on June 13-14, 2000, at Saint Louis University: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-390, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00390.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0390/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53833,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0390/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1848,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0390/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c3b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, David M. perkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"David","email":"perkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30067,"text":"wri004092 - 2000 - The effects of calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) deicing material on the water quality of Bear Creek, Clackamas County, Oregon, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T16:21:36.132248","indexId":"wri004092","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4092","title":"The effects of calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) deicing material on the water quality of Bear Creek, Clackamas County, Oregon, 1999","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, done in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), to evaluate the effects of the highway deicing material, calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), on the water quality of Bear Creek, in the Cascade Range of Oregon. ODOT began using CMA (an alternative deicer that has fewer adverse environmental effects than road salt) in the mid-1990s and began this study with the USGS to ensure that there were no unexpected effects on the water quality of Bear Creek. Streamflow, precipitation, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and water temperature were measured continuously through the 1998?99 winter. There was no measurable effect of the application of CMA to Highway 26 on the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), calcium concentration, or magnesium concentration of Bear Creek and its tributaries. BOD was small in all of the water samples, some of which were collected before CMA application, and some of which were collected after application. Five-day BOD values ranged from 0.1 milligrams per liter to 1.5 milligrams per liter, and 20-day BOD values ranged from 0.2 milligrams per liter to 2.0 milligrams per liter. Dissolved copper concentrations in a small tributary ditch on the north side of Highway 26 exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency aquatic life criteria on three occasions. These exceedances were probably not caused by the application of CMA because (1) one of the samples was a background sample (no recent CMA application), and (2) dissolved copper was not detected in Bear Creek water samples to which CMA was added during laboratory experiments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004092","usgsCitation":"Tanner, D.Q., and Wood, T.M., 2000, The effects of calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) deicing material on the water quality of Bear Creek, Clackamas County, Oregon, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4092, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004092.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408755,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27445.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2494,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Clackamas County","otherGeospatial":"Bear Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.95,\n              45.35\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95,\n              45.329\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.908,\n              45.329\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.908,\n              45.35\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95,\n              45.35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e019","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, Dwight Q.","contributorId":93452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30007,"text":"wri004113 - 2000 - Estimated flow-duration curves for selected ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T20:34:20.007246","indexId":"wri004113","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4113","title":"Estimated flow-duration curves for selected ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins in Kansas","docAbstract":"Flow-duration curves for 1968-98 were estimated for 16 ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River Basins in south-central Kansas. The method of estimation used six unique factors of flow duration: (1) mean streamflow and percentage duration of mean streamflow, (2) ratio of 1-percent-duration streamflow to mean streamflow, (3) ratio of 0.1-percent-duration streamflow to 1-percent-duration streamflow, (4) ratio of 50-percent-duration streamflow to mean streamflow, (5) percentage duration of appreciable streamflow (0.10 cubic foot per second), and (6) average slope of the flow-duration curve. These factors were previously developed from a regionalized study of flow-duration curves using streamflow data for 1921-76. The method was tested on a currently measured, continuous-record streamflow-gaging station on the Little Arkansas River at Valley Center, Kansas, and was found to adequately estimate the computed flow-duration curve for the station. The low-flow parts of the estimated flow-duration curves were improved substantially using low- to medium-flow discharge measurements made concurrently with discharge measurements and flow-duration analyses performed at nearby, long-term, continuous-record, streamflow-gaging stations. The estimated flow-duration curves at the ungaged sites can be used for projecting future flow frequencies for assessment of total maximum daily loads (TMDL's) or other water-quality constituents and for water-availability studies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004113","usgsCitation":"Studley, S.E., 2000, Estimated flow-duration curves for selected ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4113, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004113.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30110.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95814,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004113","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4113/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.619,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.04,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.04,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.619,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.619,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd01c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Studley, Seth E. sstudley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Studley","given":"Seth","email":"sstudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28523,"text":"wri004072 - 2000 - Suspended-sediment loads from major tributaries to the Missouri River between Garrison Dam and Lake Oahe, North Dakota, 1954-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T20:32:54.382582","indexId":"wri004072","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4072","title":"Suspended-sediment loads from major tributaries to the Missouri River between Garrison Dam and Lake Oahe, North Dakota, 1954-98","docAbstract":"<p>Annual suspended-sediment loads for water years 1954 through 1998 were estimated for the major tributaries in the Missouri River Basin between Garrison Dam and Lake Oahe in North Dakota and for the Missouri River at Garrison Dam and the Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak.&nbsp; The major tributaries are the Knife River, Turtle Creek, Painted Woods Creek, Square Butte Creek, Burnt Creek, Heart River, and Apple Creek.&nbsp; Sediment and streamflow data used to estimate the suspended-sediment loads were from selected U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations located within each basin.&nbsp; Some of the stations had no sediment data available and limited continuous streamflow data for water years 1954 through 1998.&nbsp; Therefore, data from nearby streamflow-gaging stations were assumed for the calculations.</p><p>&nbsp;The Heart River contributed the largest amount of suspended sediment to the Missouri River for 1954-98.&nbsp; Annual suspended-sediment loads in the Heart River near Mandan ranged from less than 1 to 40 percent of the annual suspended-sediment load in the Missouri River. The Knife River contributed the second largest amount of suspended sediment to the Missouri River.&nbsp; Annual suspended-sediment loads in the Knife River at Hazen ranged from less than 1 to 19 percent of the annual suspended-sediment load in the Missouri River.&nbsp; Apple Creek, Turtle Creek, Painted Woods Creek, Square Butte Creek, and Burnt Creek all contributed 2 percent or less of the annual suspended-sediment load in the Missouri River.&nbsp; The Knife River and the Heart River also had the largest average suspended-sediment yields for the seven tributaries.&nbsp; The yield for the Knife River was 91.1 tons per square mile, and the yield for the Heart River was 133 tons per square mile.&nbsp; The remaining five tributaries had yields of less than 24 tons per square mile based on total drainage area.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004072","usgsCitation":"Macek-Rowland, K.M., 2000, Suspended-sediment loads from major tributaries to the Missouri River between Garrison Dam and Lake Oahe, North Dakota, 1954-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4072, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004072.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57321,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407652,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26217.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4072/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Garrison Dam, Lake Oahe, Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.383,\n              46.417\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.133,\n              46.417\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.133,\n              47.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.383,\n              47.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.383,\n              46.417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macek-Rowland, Kathleen M.","contributorId":50565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macek-Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26043,"text":"wri004093 - 2000 - Two months of flooding in eastern North Carolina, September-October 1999: Hydrologic, water-quality, and geologic effects of hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T20:53:01.008314","indexId":"wri004093","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4093","title":"Two months of flooding in eastern North Carolina, September-October 1999: Hydrologic, water-quality, and geologic effects of hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene","docAbstract":"The combined effects of Hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene in September and October 1999 resulted in 2 months of flooding throughout most of eastern North Carolina. Hurricane Dennis battered the Outer Banks for almost a week in early September, resulting in severe shore- line erosion in some locations near Buxton and Rodanthe. Upon making landfall less than 2 weeks before Hurricane Floyd, Hurricane Dennis delivered 4 to 8 inches of rain to much of the Tar and Neuse River Basins, breaking a drought and saturating soils. Hurricane Floyd will likely be the second or third most costly hurricane to strike the United States in the 20th century, resulting in more fatalities than any hurricane to strike the United States since 1972. Rainfall amounts recorded during Hurricane Floyd (September 14-17, 1999) and accumulated during the months of September and October were unprecedented for many parts of eastern North Carolina during more than 80 years of precipitation records. Most recording stations in eastern North Carolina received at least half the average annual rainfall during the 2 months. Flooding was at record levels, and 500-year or greater floods occurred in all of the State's river basins east of Raleigh. More than half of the average annual nitrogen and phosphorus loads were transported in the Neuse and Tar Rivers by floodwaters during the 1-month period between mid-September and mid-October. Shoreline erosion from the passage of Hurricane Floyd was particularly severe along Oak and Topsail Islands; the effects of Hurricane Floyd on shoreline erosion and dune retreat were greater than the effects of Hurricane Bonnie in 1998. Fortunately, Hurricane Irene in mid-October did not make landfall in North Carolina, but rainfall from the storm did help ensure that several rivers in eastern North Carolina remained above flood stage for almost 2 months.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004093","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., Oblinger, C.J., and Sallenger, 2000, Two months of flooding in eastern North Carolina, September-October 1999: Hydrologic, water-quality, and geologic effects of hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4093, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004093.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391453,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27051.htm"},{"id":2030,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004093","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54821,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4093/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.498046875,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.498046875,\n              36.54494944148322\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              36.54494944148322\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oblinger, Carolyn J. 0000-0003-2914-1643 oblinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-1643","contributorId":13275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oblinger","given":"Carolyn","email":"oblinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, Jr.","contributorId":105768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29272,"text":"wri004079 - 2000 - Estimation of peak streamflows for unregulated rural streams in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri004079","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4079","title":"Estimation of peak streamflows for unregulated rural streams in Kansas","docAbstract":"Peak streamflows were estimated at selected recurrence intervals (frequencies) ranging from 2 to 200 years using log-Pearson Type III distributions for 253 streamflow-gaging stations in Kansas. The annual peak-streamflow data, through the 1997 water year, were from streamflow-gaging stations with unregulated flow in mostly rural basins. A weighted least-squares regression model was used to generalize the coefficients of station skewness. The resulting generalized skewness equation provides more reliable estimates than the previously developed equation for Kansas. A generalized least-squares regression model then was used to develop equations for estimating peak streamflows for sites without stream gages for selected frequencies from selected physical and climatic basin characteristics for sites without stream gages. The equations can be used to estimate peak streamflows for selected frequencies using contributing-drainage area, mean annual precipitation, soil permeability, and slope of the main channel for ungaged sites in Kansas with a contributing-drainage area greater than 0.17 and less than 9,100 square miles. The errors of prediction for the generalized least-squares-generated equations range from 31 to 62 percent. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004079","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P.P., and Perry, C.A., 2000, Estimation of peak streamflows for unregulated rural streams in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4079, iv, 33 p., (2 folded) :ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004079.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p., (2 folded) :ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2262,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wrir.00-4079.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95756,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4079/report.pdf","size":"6758","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4079/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Patrick P. 0000-0002-3287-6010 pras@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-6010","contributorId":3530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Patrick","email":"pras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Charles A. cperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":2093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Charles","email":"cperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30863,"text":"wri004082 - 2000 - Estimated effects on water quality of Lake Houston from interbasin transfer of water from the Trinity River, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T11:26:41","indexId":"wri004082","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4082","title":"Estimated effects on water quality of Lake Houston from interbasin transfer of water from the Trinity River, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The City of Houston is considering the transfer of water from the Trinity River to Lake Houston (on the San Jacinto River) to alleviate concerns about adequate water supplies for future water demands. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Houston, conducted a study to estimate the effects on the water quality of Lake Houston from the transfer of Trinity River water. </p><p>A water-quality model, CE–QUAL–W2, was used to simulate six water-quality properties and constituents for scenarios of interbasin transfer of Trinity River water. Three scenarios involved the transferred Trinity River water augmenting streamflow in the East Fork of Lake Houston, and three scenarios involved the transferred water replacing streamflow from the West Fork of the San Jacinto River.</p><p>The estimated effects on Lake Houston were determined by comparing volume-weighted daily mean water temperature, phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, algal biomass, and dissolved oxygen simulated for each of the transfer scenarios to simulations for a base dataset. The effects of the interbasin transfer on Lake Houston do not appear to be detrimental to water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, or dissolved oxygen. Phosphorus and nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen showed fairly large changes when Trinity River water was transferred to replace West Fork San Jacinto River streamflow. Algal biomass showed large decreases when Trinity River water was transferred to augment East Fork Lake Houston streamflow and large increases when Trinity River water was transferred to replace West Fork San Jacinto River streamflow. Regardless of the scenario simulated, the model indicated that light was the limiting factor for algal biomass growth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004082","usgsCitation":"Liscum, F., and East, J., 2000, Estimated effects on water quality of Lake Houston from interbasin transfer of water from the Trinity River, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4082, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004082.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004082.PNG"},{"id":328035,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4082/pdf/wri00-4082.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2738,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30870,"text":"wri004195 - 2000 - Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer outcrop, Medina County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T16:27:49","indexId":"wri004195","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4195","title":"Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer outcrop, Medina County, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeologic subdivisions of the Edwards aquifer outcrop in Medina County generally are porous and permeable. The most porous and permeable appear to be hydrogeologic subdivision VI, the Kirschberg evaporite member of the Kainer Formation; and hydrogeologic subdivision III, the leached and collapsed members, undivided, of the Person Formation. The most porous and permeable rocks of the Devils River Formation in Medina County appear to be in the top layer. The upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone, the lower confining unit, has much less porosity and permeability than that observed in the Edwards aquifer.</p><p>The Edwards aquifer has relatively large porosity and permeability resulting, in part, from the development or redistribution of secondary porosity. Lithology, stratigraphy, diagenesis, and karstification account for the effective porosity and permeability in the Edwards aquifer outcrop. Karst features that can greatly enhance effective porosity and permeability in the Edwards aquifer outcrop include sinkholes, dolines, and caves. The Edwards aquifer rocks in Medina County change from the eight-member Edwards Group to the essentially indivisible Devils River Formation. The facies change occurs along a line extending northwestward from just south of Medina Lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004195","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Small, T.A., and Clark, A.K., 2000, Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer outcrop, Medina County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4195, Report: iii, 10 p.; Plate: 36 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004195.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 10 p.; Plate: 36 x 24 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004195.PNG"},{"id":328036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4195/pdf/wri00-4195.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.80 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":338717,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4195/pdf/pl00-4195.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":2781,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Medina County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n 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          -99.0103,\n              29.6187\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.4132,\n              29.6253\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.4097900390625,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.96347045898438,\n              29.336692606945483\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.80828857421875,\n              29.340284066450117\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.8056,\n              29.6968\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"Medina\",\n        \"state\": \"TX\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a60f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Small, Ted A.","contributorId":77533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Small","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30647,"text":"wri004029 - 2000 - A precipitation-runoff model for analysis of the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow, Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri004029","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4029","title":"A precipitation-runoff model for analysis of the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow, Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Water withdrawals from the 155-square-mile Ipswich River Basin in northeastern Massachusetts affect aquatic habitat, water quality, and recreational use of the river. To better understand the effects of these withdrawals on streamflow, particularly low flow, the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) was used to develop a watershed-scale precipitation-runoff model of the Ipswich River to simulate its hydrology and complex water-use patterns.An analytical solution was used to compute time series of streamflow depletions resulting from ground-water withdrawals at wells. The flow depletions caused by pumping from the wells were summed along with any surface-water withdrawals to calculate the total withdrawal along a stream reach. The water withdrawals, records of precipitation, and streamflow records on the Ipswich River at South Middleton and at Ipswich for the period 1989?93 were used to calibrate the model. Model-fit analysis indicates that the simulated flows matched observed flows over a wide range of conditions; at a minimum, the coefficient of model-fit efficiency indicates that the model explained 79 percent of the variance in the observed daily flow.Six alternative water-withdrawal and land-use scenarios were simulated with the model. Three scenarios were examined for the 1989?93 calibration period, and three scenarios were examined for the 1961?95 period to test alternative withdrawals and land use over a wider range of climatic conditions, and to compute 1-, 7-, and 30-day low-flow frequencies using a log-Pearson Type III analysis. Flow-duration curves computed from results of the 1989?93 simulations indicate that, at the South Middleton and Ipswich gaging stations, streamflows when no water withdrawals are being made are nearly identical to streamflows when no ground-water withdrawals are made. Streamflow under no water withdrawals at both stations are about an order of magnitude larger at the 99.8 percent exceedence probability than simulations with only ground-water withdrawals. Long-term simulations indicate that the differences between streamflow with no water withdrawals and average 1989?93 water withdrawals is similar to the difference between simulations for the same water-use conditions made for the 1989?93 period at both sites. The 7-day, 10-year low-flow (7Q10, a widely used regulatory statistic) at the South Middleton station was 4.1 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) with no water withdrawals and 1991 land use, 5.8 ft3/s no withdrawals and undeveloped land, and 0.54 ft3/s with average 1989?93 water withdrawals and 1991 land use. The 7Q10 at the Ipswich station was about 8.3 ft3/s for simulations with no water withdrawals for both the 1991 land use and the undeveloped land conditions, and 2.7 ft3/s for simulations with average 1989?93 water withdrawals and 1991 land use. Simulation results indicate that surface-water withdrawals have little effect on the duration and frequency of low flows, but the cumulative ground-water withdrawals substantially decrease low flows.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004029","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., and Ries, K., 2000, A precipitation-runoff model for analysis of the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow, Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4029, vi, 99 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004029.","productDescription":"vi, 99 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3004,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004029","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29596,"text":"wri004115 - 2000 - Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri004115","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4115","title":"Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99","docAbstract":"The Fox Chain of Lakes is a glacial lake system in McHenry and Lake Counties in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. Sedimentation and nutrient overloading have occurred in the lake system since the first dam was built (1907) in McHenry to raise water levels in the lake system. Using data collected from December 1, 1997, to June 1, 1999, suspended-sediment budgets were constructed for the most upstream lake in the system, Grass Lake, and for the lakes downstream from Grass Lake. A total of 64,900 tons of suspended sediment entered Grass Lake during the study, whereas a total of 70,600 tons of suspended sediment exited the lake, indicating a net scour of 5,700 tons of sediment. A total of 44,100 tons of suspended sediment was measured exiting the Fox Chain of Lakes at Johnsburg, whereas 85,600 tons entered the system downstream from Grass Lake. These suspended-sediment loads indicate a net deposition of 41,500 tons downstream from Grass Lake, which represents a trapping efficiency of 48.5 percent. A large amount of recreational boating takes place on the Fox Chain of Lakes during summer months, and suspended-sediment load was observed to rise from 110 tons per day to 339 tons per day during the 1999 Memorial Day weekend (May 26 ?31, 1999). Presumably, this rise was the result of the boating traffic because no other hydrologic event is known to have occurred that might have caused the rise. This study covers a relatively short period and may not represent the long-term processes of the Fox Chain of Lakes system, although the sediment transport was probably higher than an average year. The bed sediments found on the bottom of the lakes are composed of mainly fine particles in the silt-clay range. The Grass Lake sediments were characterized as black peat with an organic content of between 9 and 18 percent, and the median particle size ranged from 0.000811 to 0.0013976 inches. Other bed material samples were collected at streamflow-gaging stations on the tributaries to the Fox Chain of Lakes. With the exception of Grass Lake Outlet at Lotus Woods, most of the bed sediments are sand size or larger. The bed material at the streamflow-gaging station at Grass Lake Outlet at Lotus Woods contains 31.5 percent silt- and clay-sized particles. The bed material at Nippersink Creek near Spring Grove also has higher silt content (10.7 percent) than the bed material found in the Fox River at Wilmot (2.1 percent) and Johnsburg (1.3 percent). Additionally, water velocities at 80 cross sections in the Fox Chain of Lakes were collected to provide sample circulation patterns during two separate 1-week periods, and discharge was measured at 18 locations in the lakes. These data were collected to be available for use in hydrodynamic models.  ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004115","usgsCitation":"Schrader, D.L., and Holmes, R.R., 2000, Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4115, iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:16,000 (1 inch = about 1333 feet)., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004115.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:16,000 (1 inch = about 1333 feet).","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=00-4115","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"6000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, David L.","contributorId":45748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31203,"text":"ofr0114 - 2000 - Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:05","indexId":"ofr0114","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-14","title":"Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 1999","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0114","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., 2000, Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-14, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0114.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2741,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30711,"text":"fs16400 - 2000 - Reconstructing historical changes in the environmental health of watersheds by using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T16:15:03","indexId":"fs16400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"164-00","title":"Reconstructing historical changes in the environmental health of watersheds by using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Great Salt Lake Basins study area of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, which began in 1997, is increasing the scientific understanding of factors that affect surface-water quality within the study-area boundaries (fig. 1). One way to improve the understanding of these factors is to look at historical trends in existing water-quality data. Unfortunately, short record lengths, in- consistent analytical methods, numerous measurements at less than detection levels, and questionable accuracy limit the usefulness of historical monitoring data for most trace inorganic and organic contaminants found in streams, rivers, and lakes in the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/fs16400","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Stephens, D.W., Callender, E., and Van Metre, P., 2000, Reconstructing historical changes in the environmental health of watersheds by using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 164-00, 6 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16400.","productDescription":"6 p. 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,{"id":22402,"text":"ofr00466 - 2000 - MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model; documentation of packages for simulating evapotranspiration with a segmented function (ETS1) and drains with return flow (DRT1)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-05T16:11:13","indexId":"ofr00466","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-466","title":"MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model; documentation of packages for simulating evapotranspiration with a segmented function (ETS1) and drains with return flow (DRT1)","docAbstract":"<p>Two new packages for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water-flow model MODFLOW-2000 are documented. The new packages provide flexibility in simulating evapotranspiration and drain features not provided by the MODFLOW-2000 Evapotranspiration (EVT) and Drain (DRN) Packages. The report describes conceptualization of the packages, input instructions, listings and explanations of the source code, and example simulations.</p><p>The new Evapotranspiration Segments (ETS1) Package allows simulation of evapotranspiration with a user-defined relation between evapotranspiration rate and hydraulic head. This capability provides a degree of flexibility not supported by the EVT Package, which has been available in MODFLOW since its initial release. In the ETS1 Package, the relation of evapotranspiration rate to hydraulic head is conceptualized as a segmented line between an evaporation surface, defined as the elevation where the evapotranspiration rate reaches a maximum, and an elevation located at an extinction depth below the evaporation surface, where the evapotranspiration rate reaches zero. The user supplies input to define as many intermediate segment endpoints as desired to define the relation of evapotranspiration rate to head between these two elevations. The EVT Package, in contrast, simulates evapotranspiration with a single linear function.</p><p>The new Drain Return (DRT1) Package can be used to simulate the return flow of water discharged from a drain feature back into the ground-water system. The DRN Package, which has been available in MODFLOW since its initial release, does not have the capability to simulate return of flow. If the return-flow option of the DRT1 Package is selected, for each cell designated as a drain-return cell, the user has the option of specifying a proportion of the water simulated as leaving the ground-water system through the drain feature that is to be simulated as returning simultaneously to one other cell in the model.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00466","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Banta, E., 2000, MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model; documentation of packages for simulating evapotranspiration with a segmented function (ETS1) and drains with return flow (DRT1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-466, vi, 127 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00466.","productDescription":"vi, 127 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0466/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51826,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0466/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648cd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, Edward R.","contributorId":49820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22521,"text":"ofr00495 - 2000 - Geologic datasets for weights of evidence analysis in northeast Washington: 1. Geologic raster data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:28:41.577101","indexId":"ofr00495","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-495","title":"Geologic datasets for weights of evidence analysis in northeast Washington: 1. Geologic raster data","docAbstract":"This dataset contains the combination of geology data (geologic units, faults, folds, and dikes) from 6 1:100,000 scale digital coverages in eastern Washington (Chewelah, Colville, Omak, Oroville, Nespelem, Republic). The data was converted to an Arc grid in ArcView using the Spatial Analyst extension.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00495","usgsCitation":"Boleneus, D.E., and Causey, J.D., 2000, Geologic datasets for weights of evidence analysis in northeast Washington: 1. Geologic raster data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-495, Report: 35 p., Readme, Metadata, Digital Database, Complete Digital Package, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00495.","productDescription":"Report: 35 p., Readme, Metadata, Digital Database, Complete Digital Package","numberOfPages":"35","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281976,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00495.jpg"},{"id":281973,"rank":2,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/of00-495.met"},{"id":281975,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/newafull.tar.gz"},{"id":281974,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/newa.tar.gz"},{"id":281972,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/00readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":1300,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410875,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34735.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52027,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/pdf/of00-495.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              48\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e92f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boleneus, David E.","contributorId":87167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boleneus","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Causey, J. Douglas","contributorId":41398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22763,"text":"ofr00383 - 2000 - Evaluation of geophysical logs, Phase II, November 1998 to May 1999, at Crossley Farms Superfund Site, Berks County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-30T20:27:00.410784","indexId":"ofr00383","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-383","title":"Evaluation of geophysical logs, Phase II, November 1998 to May 1999, at Crossley Farms Superfund Site, Berks County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Between November 1998 and May 1999, geophysical logging was conducted in 29 boreholes at the Crossley Farms Superfund Site, Hereford Township, Berks County, Pa., to determine the fluidproducing zones, fluid-receiving zones, zones of vertical borehole flow, and casing depth. The wells range in depth from 96 to 500 feet below land surface. Gamma logs only were collected in three bedrock wells. The geophysical logging determined the placement of well screens and packers, which allow monitoring and sampling of water-bearing zones in the fractured bedrock so that the horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water migrating from known sources could be determined. Geophysical logging included collection of caliper, video, fluid-temperature, fluid-resistivity, single-point-resistance, natural-gamma, fluid-flow, and acoustic-televiewer logs. Caliper and video logs were used to locate fractures, joints, and weathered zones. Inflections on fluidtemperature and fluid-resistivity logs indicated possible water-bearing fractures, and flowmeter measurements verified these locations. Single-point-resistance and natural-gamma logs provided information on stratigraphy. After interpretation of geophysical, video logs, and drillers notes, 24 of the wells were reconstructed such that water levels can be monitored and water samples collected from discrete water-bearing fractures in each well. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00383","usgsCitation":"Conger, R.W., 2000, Evaluation of geophysical logs, Phase II, November 1998 to May 1999, at Crossley Farms Superfund Site, Berks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-383, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00383.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0383/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52198,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0383/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420331,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34836.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Crossley Farms Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.517,\n              40.444\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.517,\n              40.404\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.473,\n              40.404\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.473,\n              40.444\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.517,\n              40.444\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fadb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23695,"text":"ofr0128 - 2000 - Geologic and engineering constraints on the feasibility of clandestine nuclear testing by decoupling in large underground cavities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr0128","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-28","title":"Geologic and engineering constraints on the feasibility of clandestine nuclear testing by decoupling in large underground cavities","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr0128","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Leith, W., 2000, Geologic and engineering constraints on the feasibility of clandestine nuclear testing by decoupling in large underground cavities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-28, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0128.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/EESPT_PUB.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52943,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a82ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leith, William","contributorId":81502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leith","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23062,"text":"ofr00493 - 2000 - Palynomorph biostratigraphy of mid(?)-Campanian to upper Maastrichtian strata along the Colville River, North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr00493","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-493","title":"Palynomorph biostratigraphy of mid(?)-Campanian to upper Maastrichtian strata along the Colville River, North Slope of Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00493","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Frederiksen, N.O., and McIntyre, D., 2000, Palynomorph biostratigraphy of mid(?)-Campanian to upper Maastrichtian strata along the Colville River, North Slope of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-493, 36 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00493.","productDescription":"36 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0493/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52433,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0493/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68947a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederiksen, Norman O.","contributorId":50880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, D.J.","contributorId":34960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28939,"text":"wri994291 - 2000 - Site Selection for a Deep Monitor Well, Kualapuu, Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri994291","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4291","title":"Site Selection for a Deep Monitor Well, Kualapuu, Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Management of the ground-water resources near Kualapuu on the island of Molokai, Hawaii, is hindered by the uncertainty in the vertical salinity structure in the aquifer. In the State of Hawaii, vertical profiles of ground-water salinity are commonly obtained from deep monitor wells, and these profiles are used to estimate the thicknesses of the freshwater part of the ground-water flow system and the freshwater-saltwater transition zone. Information from a deep monitor well would improve the understanding of the ground-water flow system and the ability to effectively manage the ground-water resources near Kualapuu; however, as of mid-1999 no deep monitor wells had been drilled on the island of Molokai. \r\n\r\nSelection of an appropriate site for drilling a deep monitor well in the Kualapuu area depends partly on where future ground-water development may occur. Simulations using an areally two-dimensional, steady-state, sharp-interface ground-water flow model previously developed for the island of Molokai, Hawaii, indicate that the southeastern part of the Kualapuu area is a possible area of future ground-water development because (1) withdrawals from this area have a small effect on water levels at existing wells in the Kualapuu area (relative to effects from withdrawals in other parts of the Kualapuu area that are outside of the dike complex), and (2) model-calculated water levels in this part of the Kualapuu area are high relative to water levels in other parts of the Kualapuu area that are outside of the dike complex. \r\n\r\nAdditional site-selection criteria include (1) ground-water level, (2) ground-surface altitude, (3) land classification, ownership, and accessibility, (4) geology, (5) locations of existing production wells, and (6) historical ground-water quality information. A deep monitor well in the Kualapuu area will likely be most useful for management purposes if it is located (1) in the vicinity of future ground-water development, (2) in an area where water levels are between about 8 and 12 feet above sea level, (3) at a ground-surface altitude that is between about 1,000 and 1,100 feet, (4) on government-owned land, (5) outside of the dike complex and as far from known volcanic vents as possible, (6) at least about 1,000 feet from, but within the same hydrogeologic setting as, existing or proposed production wells, and (7) east of well 0902-01. A viable area for drilling a deep monitor well is about a half mile southeast of existing wells 0801-01 to -03 and a half mile north of a known volcanic vent, Puu Luahine.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri994291","usgsCitation":"Oki, D.S., 2000, Site Selection for a Deep Monitor Well, Kualapuu, Molokai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4291, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994291.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95733,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4291/report.pdf","size":"10061","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4291/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486fe4b07f02db50c94e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28942,"text":"wri004035 - 2000 - Use of a ground-penetrating radar system to detect pre- and post-flood scour at selected bridge sites in New Hampshire, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:44:08.983417","indexId":"wri004035","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4035","title":"Use of a ground-penetrating radar system to detect pre- and post-flood scour at selected bridge sites in New Hampshire, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Ground-penetrating radar was used to measure the depth and extent of existing and infilled scour holes and previous scour surfaces at seven bridges in New Hampshire from April 1996 to November 1998. Ground-penetrating-radar survey techniques initially were used by the U.S. Geological Survey to study streambed scour at 30 bridges. Sixteen of the 30 bridges were re-surveyed where floods exceeded a 2-year recurrence interval. A 300-megahertz signal was used in the ground-penetrating radar system that penetrated through depths as great as 20 feet of water and as great as 32 feet of streambed materials. Existing scour-hole dimensions, infilled thickness, previous scour surfaces, and streambed materials were detected using ground-penetrating radar. Depths to riprap materials and pier footings were identified and verified with bridge plans. Post data-collection-processing techniques were applied to assist in the interpretation of the data, and the processed data were displayed and printed as line plots. Processing included distance normalization, migration, and filtering but processing was kept to a minimum and some interference from multiple reflections was left in the record. Of the 16 post-flood bridges, 22 ground-penetrating-radar cross sections at 7 bridges were compared and presented in this report. Existing scour holes were detected during 1996 (pre-flood) data collection in nine cross sections where scour depths ranged from 1 to 3 feet. New scour holes were detected during 1998 (post-flood) data collection in four cross sections where scour depths were as great as 4 feet deep. Infilled scour holes were detected in seven cross sections, where depths of infilling ranged from less than 1 to 4 feet. Depth of infilling by means of steel rod and hammer was difficult to verify in the field because of cobble and boulder streambeds or deep water. Previous scour surfaces in streambed materials were identified in 15 cross sections and the depths to these surfaces ranged from 1 to 10 feet below the streambed. Riprap materials or pier footings were identified in all cross sections. Calculated record depths generally agree with bridge plans. Pier footings were exposed at two bridges and steel pile was exposed at one bridge. Exposures were verified by field observations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004035","usgsCitation":"Olimpio, J.R., 2000, Use of a ground-penetrating radar system to detect pre- and post-flood scour at selected bridge sites in New Hampshire, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4035, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004035.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396297,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26848.htm"},{"id":2241,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004035","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72,\n              42.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.25,\n              42.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.25,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              42.783\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olimpio, Joseph R.","contributorId":57878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25975,"text":"wri004027 - 2000 - Effects of land use on recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers in the upper Illinois River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-23T14:00:57","indexId":"wri004027","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4027","displayTitle":"Effects of Land Use on Recharge Potential of Surficial and Shallow Bedrock Aquifers in the Upper Illinois River Basin","title":"Effects of land use on recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers in the upper Illinois River basin","docAbstract":"<p>The upper Illinois River Basin (UIRB) is the 10,949-square-mile drainage area upstream from Ottawa, Illinois on the Illinois River and is one of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program study units. To assist in the interpretation of groundwater data that will be collected during the course of the UIRB study, the study-unit team designed a spatial model to describe recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers. The following factors, identified as having an effect on recharge potential, were incorporated into the model: land use, soil permeability, type and thickness of surficial deposits, and uppermost bedrock geology. Other models designed to simulate recharge potential and the potential for contamination that were examined during the preparation of this model included factors similar to those included in this model, with the exception of land use. Land use and changes in land use over time, however, can affect recharge potential. The UIRB model was used to simulate recharge potential with and without incorporating land use. A comparison of the simulation results showed that recharge potential was overestimated in some areas and underestimated in other areas when land use was not included in the model. Comparisons of simulations that used 1970 and estimated 1990 land use showed changes in recharge potential over time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004027","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Arnold, T., and Friedel, M.J., 2000, Effects of land use on recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers in the upper Illinois River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4027, vi, 18 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004027.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":1987,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4027/wrir00_4027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 00–4027"}],"contact":"<p>Director,&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\">Central Midwest Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>405 North Goodwin<br>Urbana, IL 61801</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Foreword</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methodology</li><li>Effects of Land Use on Recharge Potential</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, Terri 0000-0003-1406-6054 tlarnold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6054","contributorId":1598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Terri","email":"tlarnold@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}