{"pageNumber":"3193","pageRowStart":"79800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184884,"records":[{"id":26583,"text":"wri004149 - 2000 - Vulnerability of ground water to contamination, Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T11:32:05","indexId":"wri004149","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4149","title":"Vulnerability of ground water to contamination, Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas, 1998","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards aquifer, one of the most productive carbonate-rock aquifers in the Nation, is composed of the Kainer and Person Formations of the Edwards Group plus the overlying Georgetown Formation. Most recharge to the Edwards aquifer results from the percolation of streamflow loss and the infiltration of precipitation through porous parts of the recharge zone. Residential and commercial development is increasing, particularly in Bexar County in south-central Texas, atop the densely fractured and steeply faulted recharge zone. The increasing development has increased the vulnerability of ground water to contamination by spillage or leakage of waste materials, particularly fluids associated with urban runoff and (or) septic-tank leachate. This report describes a method of assessing the vulnerability of ground water to contamination in the Edwards aquifer recharge zone. The method is based on ratings of five natural features of the area: (1) hydraulic properties of outcropping hydrogeologic units; (2) presence or absence of faults; (3) presence or absence of caves and (or) sinkholes; (4) slope of land surface; and (5) permeability of soil. The sum of the ratings for the five natural features was used to develop a map showing the recharge zone's vulnerability to ground-water contamination.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004149","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., 2000, Vulnerability of ground water to contamination, Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4149, Report: iii, 9 p.; Plate: 28.36 x 19.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004149.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 9 p.; Plate: 28.36 x 19.44 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4149/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95611,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4149/report.pdf","size":"1476","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95612,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4149/plate-1.pdf","size":"1685","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28549,"text":"wri004076 - 2000 - Spatial and seasonal variability of nutrients, pesticides, bacteria, and suspended sediment in the Santee River basin and coastal drainages, North and South Carolina, 1995-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T11:51:54","indexId":"wri004076","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4076","title":"Spatial and seasonal variability of nutrients, pesticides, bacteria, and suspended sediment in the Santee River basin and coastal drainages, North and South Carolina, 1995-97","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004076","usgsCitation":"Maluk, T.L., 2000, Spatial and seasonal variability of nutrients, pesticides, bacteria, and suspended sediment in the Santee River basin and coastal drainages, North and South Carolina, 1995-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4076, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004076.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276448,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4076/report.pdf"},{"id":159163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4076/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Santee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.8046875,\n              33.137551192346145\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.013671875,\n              32.47269502206151\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6513671875,\n              33.90689555128866\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.783203125,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4970703125,\n              36.4566360115962\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.244140625,\n              36.38591277287651\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.265625,\n              35.71083783530009\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.001953125,\n              34.66935854524543\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8046875,\n              33.137551192346145\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6ec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maluk, Terry L.","contributorId":82690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maluk","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28142,"text":"wri20004031 - 2000 - Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Trace elements in streambed sediment and fish livers, 1995-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-30T20:40:33.874372","indexId":"wri20004031","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4031","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Trace elements in streambed sediment and fish livers, 1995-96","docAbstract":"<p>Trace elements were analyzed in streambed sediment and fish livers in part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin as part of the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The purpose of this report was to describe the occurrence and distribution of trace elements, describe the relations of concentrations measured to natural and anthropogenic factors, and describe any relation between concentrations in streambed sediment and fish livers. The study unit included the part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin from the river&rsquo;s source in northern Minnesota to the outlet of Lake Pepin, a natural lake on the river located near Red Wing, Minnesota. Streambed sediment samples were collected from 27 sites located throughout the study unit, and fish were obtained from 25 sites.</p>\n<p>The occurrence and distribution of trace elements in streambed sediment were related to land use and the composition of surficial glacial deposits covering the study unit. Concentrations of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc in streambed sediment were primarily related to urban land use. Concentrations of these elements generally were greatest in streambed sediment collected at sites within or near urban areas in the study unit. The greatest concentrations of most of these elements were measured in streambed sediment obtained from Shingle Creek. Lead concentrations in streambed sediment Shingle Creek increased in the downstream direction. This pattern probably reflects the past use of leaded gasoline, pesticides, or paints.</p>\n<p>Cadmium concentrations in sediment from the Mississippi River were greatest at Nininger, Minnesota and in Lake Pepin. This pattern suggested that inputs of cadmium into the river were from the TCMA.</p>\n<p>Arsenic concentrations were greatest in streambed sediment collected from Cedar Creek, Shingle Creek, and the Vermillion River. Increased arsenic and iron concentrations in sediment from Cedar Creek, the Vermillion River, and the most upstream site on Shingle Creek suggested a local source of sulfide minerals or preferential sorption of arsenic to streambed sediment. The greatest concentrations of mercury were measured in streambed sediment collected from the Mississippi River at Grand Rapids and Minneapolis, Minnesota; Shingle Creek at 46th Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota; the Namekagon River above Spring Lake Creek near Hayward, Wisconsin; the St. Croix River at Hudson, Wisconsin; and the Vermillion River near Empire, Minnesota.</p>\n<p>In fish livers, all of the trace elements analyzed were detected except antimony, beryllium, cobalt, and uranium. Trace element concentrations in fish livers generally did not show any pronounced patterns. Ranges for concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc were similar to those measured in 20 other NAWQA studies across the United States. Cadmium concentrations in fish livers were moderately correlated to fish length and weight. There were no relations between trace element concentrations in fish livers and streambed sediment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20004031","usgsCitation":"Kroening, S.E., Fallon, J.D., and Lee, K., 2000, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Trace elements in streambed sediment and fish livers, 1995-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4031, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004031.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"1996-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4031.jpg"},{"id":402789,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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E.","contributorId":67868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroening","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, James D. jfallon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"James","email":"jfallon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28319,"text":"wri954211D - 2000 - Benthic invertebrates of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T13:18:04","indexId":"wri954211D","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4211","chapter":"D","title":"Benthic invertebrates of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the variability in family-level benthic-invertebrate population data and the reliability of the data as a water-quality indicator for 11 fixed surface-water sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study area of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Benthic-invertebrate-community measures were computed for the following: number of individuals, Hilsenhoff’s Family-Level Biotic Index, number and percent EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Tricoptera), Margalef’s Diversity Index, and mean tolerance value. Relations between these measures and environmental setting, habitat, and of chemical water quality are examined. </p><p>Benthic-invertebrate communities varied greatly among fixed sites and within individual streams among multiple-reach and multiple-year sampling. The variations between multiple reaches and years were sometimes larger than those found between different fixed sites. Factors affecting benthic invertebrates included both habitat and chemical quality. Generally, fixed-site streams with the highest diversity, greatest number of benthic invertebrates, and those at which community measures indicated the best water quality also had the best habitat and chemical quality. Variations among reaches are most likely related to differences in habitat. </p><p>Variations among years are most likely related to climatic changes, which create variations in flow and/or chemical quality. The variability in the data analyzed in this study shows how benthic invertebrates are affected by differences in both habitat and water quality, making them useful indicators of stream health; however, a single benthic-invertebrate sample alone cannot be relied upon to accurately describe water quality of the streams in this study. Benthic-invertebrate data contributed valuable information on the biological health of the 11 fixed sites when used as one of several data sources for assessing water quality. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Middleton, WI","doi":"10.3133/wri954211D","usgsCitation":"Lenz, B.N., and Rheaume, S.J., 2000, Benthic invertebrates of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4211, vii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954211D.","productDescription":"vii, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123032,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_95_4211_d.jpg"},{"id":2371,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954211D","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":310632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri95-4211-D/pdf/wrir-95-4211-d.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.8359375,\n              45.84410779560204\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9677734375,\n              46.09609080214316\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47314453125,\n              46.384833223492784\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.703857421875,\n              46.61171462536894\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.978515625,\n              46.70973594407157\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              46.73233101286786\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.516845703125,\n              46.76244305208004\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.890380859375,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.40673828125,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.615478515625,\n              46.543749602738565\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.97802734375,\n              46.33175800051563\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.945068359375,\n              46.20264638061019\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1318359375,\n              45.706179285330855\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              45.251688256117646\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.120849609375,\n              44.86365630540611\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.923095703125,\n              43.73935207915473\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.615478515625,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.395751953125,\n              43.141078106345844\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12109375,\n              43.092960677116295\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.87939453125,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.428955078125,\n              42.827638636242284\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7587890625,\n              42.4639928001706\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              43.22118973298753\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.659912109375,\n              43.91372326852401\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.242431640625,\n              44.457309801319305\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.890869140625,\n              45.205263456162385\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.72607421875,\n              45.42158812329091\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9677734375,\n              45.54483149242463\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.8359375,\n              45.84410779560204\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b4f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenz, Bernard N.","contributorId":85170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rheaume, S. J.","contributorId":70804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rheaume","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24829,"text":"ofr00390 - 2000 - Research, methodology, and applications of probabilistic seismic-hazard mapping of the Central and Eastern United States; minutes of a workshop on June 13-14, 2000, at Saint Louis University","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T11:02:51","indexId":"ofr00390","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-390","title":"Research, methodology, and applications of probabilistic seismic-hazard mapping of the Central and Eastern United States; minutes of a workshop on June 13-14, 2000, at Saint Louis University","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is updating and revising its 1996 national seismic-hazard maps for release in 2001. Part of this process is the convening of four regional workshops with earth scientists and other users of the maps. The second of these workshops was sponsored by the USGS and the Mid-America Earthquake Center, and was hosted by Saint Louis University on June 13-14, 2000.</p><p>The workshop concentrated on the central and eastern U.S. (CEUS) east of the Rocky Mountains. The tasks of the workshop were to (1) evaluate new research findings that are relevant to seismic hazard mapping, (2) discuss modifications in the inputs and methodology used in the national maps, (3) discuss concerns by engineers and other users about the scientific input to the maps and the use of the hazard maps in building codes, and (4) identify needed research in the CEUS that can improve the seismic hazard maps and reduce their uncertainties.</p><p>&nbsp;These minutes summarize the workshop discussions. This is not a transcript; some individual remarks and short discussions of side issues and logistics were omitted. Named speakers were sent a draft of the minutes with a request for corrections of any errors in remarks attributed to them. Nine people returned corrections, amplifications, or approvals of their remarks as reported. The rest of this document consists of the meeting agenda, discussion summaries, and a list of the 60 attendees.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00390","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., and Perkins, D.M., 2000, Research, methodology, and applications of probabilistic seismic-hazard mapping of the Central and Eastern United States; minutes of a workshop on June 13-14, 2000, at Saint Louis University: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-390, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00390.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0390/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53833,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0390/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1848,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0390/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c3b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, David M. perkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"David","email":"perkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26166,"text":"wri004059 - 2000 - Suspended-sediment characteristics in the Housatonic River basin, western Massachusetts and parts of eastern New York and northwestern Connecticut, 1994-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri004059","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4059","title":"Suspended-sediment characteristics in the Housatonic River basin, western Massachusetts and parts of eastern New York and northwestern Connecticut, 1994-96","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment concentrations, discharges, loads, and yields were determined for eight subbasins in the Housatonic River Basin in western Massachusetts, eastern New York, and northwestern Connecticut from April 1994 through March 1996. Suspended-sediment samples were collected at three continuous-record sediment stations and at four partial-record sediment stations. Suspended-sediment concentrations in samples collected during the period of study ranged from less than 0.5 to 3,400 milligrams per liter, and concurrent streamflows ranged from 0.03 to 126 cubic feet per second per square mile at the seven stations. Median suspended-sediment concentrations in samples collected at each station ranged from 7 to 61 milligrams per liter. Median streamflows during suspended-sediment sampling ranged from 1.86 to 5.88 cubic feet per second per square mile. Instantaneous suspended-sediment yields ranged from less than 0.005 to 185 tons per day per square mile, and medians ranged from 0.03 to 1.12 tons per day per square mile at the seven stations. total suspended-sediment loads (mass) from April 1994 through March 1996 at the continuous-record sediment stations were 11,603 tons at Housatonic River near Great Barrington, 7,929 tons at Green River, and 54,347 tons at Housatonic River near Ashley Falls. Suspended-sediment load during January 1996 at the Green River station accounted for about 54 percent of the total suspended-sediment load for the Green River during the 2-year study. Suspended-sediment load on January 19 and 20, 1996, at the Green River station accounted for about 50 percent of the January 1996 suspended-sediment load, or about 27 percent of the total suspended-sediment load during the 2-year study. This large suspended-sediment transport was the result of rainfall and snowmelt on January 19 and 20, 1996--the equivalent of a 5- to 6-inch rain storm in the Green River subbasin. Total suspended-sediment loads during the 2-year study at the partial-record sediment stations were 3,052 tons at Williams River, 1,758 tons at Ironworks Brook, and 17,927 tons at Konkapot River.Suspended-sediment yields from April 1994 through March 1996 at the continuous-record sediment stations were 21 (tons/yr)/mi2 at Housatonic River near Great Barrington, 78 (tons/yr)/mi2 at Green River, and 58 (tons/yr)/mi2 at Housatonic River near Ashley Falls. Suspended-sediment yields during the 2- year study at the partial-record sediment stations were 35 (tons/yr)/mi2 at Williams River, 78 (tons/yr)/mi2 at Ironworks Brook, and 147 (tons/yr)/mi2 at Konkapot River. Suspended-sediment yields were estimated for two subbasins in the Housatonic River Basin--Schenob Brook at  Sheffield, a partial-record sediment station, and the area adjacent to the Housatonic River between Great Barrington and Ashley Falls. The estimate of suspended-sediment yield at Schenob Brook at Sheffield of 82 (tons/yr)/mi2 is comparable to the yield determined for the Green River and Ironworks Brook. The estimate of suspended-sediment yield for the area adjacent to the Housatonic River between Great Barrington and Ashley Falls was 395 (tons/yr)/mi2. This estimated suspended-sediment yield was 2.7 to 18.8 times greater than that estimated for any of the other subbasins.Several basin and land-use characteristics thought to affect suspended-sediment transport in the subbasins were compared to the suspended-sediment yields. The characteristics that seemed to affect suspended-sediment discharge were dams, which contributes to decreased yields; Hadley, Limerick, Linlithgo, Saco, and Winooski silt loam soils (high erodibility soils), which contributes to increased yields; stratified-drift deposits, which contributes to increased yields; and agricultural and open land, which contributes to increased yields. The effect of stratified-drift deposits on suspended-sediment discharge is thought to be greater when those deposits are of glaciolacustrine (generally clay, silt, and fine sand), rather th","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004059","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., 2000, Suspended-sediment characteristics in the Housatonic River basin, western Massachusetts and parts of eastern New York and northwestern Connecticut, 1994-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4059, v, 121 p. :ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004059.","productDescription":"v, 121 p. :ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2086,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004059","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683d42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24650,"text":"ofr00482 - 2000 - Radium isotopes as sediment-water interface tracers: Indian River Lagoon, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T22:48:46.113389","indexId":"ofr00482","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-482","title":"Radium isotopes as sediment-water interface tracers: Indian River Lagoon, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00482","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., 2000, Radium isotopes as sediment-water interface tracers: Indian River Lagoon, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-482, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00482.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393171,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34774.htm"},{"id":53685,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0482/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0482/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Indian River Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.94589233398438,\n              28.045318867211485\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.49270629882812,\n              28.045318867211485\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.49270629882812,\n              28.86512110454975\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.94589233398438,\n              28.86512110454975\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.94589233398438,\n              28.045318867211485\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649ac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25797,"text":"wri004087 - 2000 - A three-dimensional finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method (ELLAM) for solute-transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T18:09:43.384633","indexId":"wri004087","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4087","title":"A three-dimensional finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method (ELLAM) for solute-transport modeling","docAbstract":"This report documents the U.S. Geological Survey Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method (ELLAM) algorithm that solves an integral form of the solute-transport equation, incorporating an implicit-in-time difference approximation for the dispersive and sink terms. Like the algorithm in the original version of the U.S. Geological Survey MOC3D transport model, ELLAM uses a method of characteristics approach to solve the transport equation on the basis of the velocity field. The ELLAM algorithm, however, is based on an integral formulation of conservation of mass and uses appropriate numerical techniques to obtain global conservation of mass. The implicit procedure eliminates several stability criteria required for an explicit formulation. Consequently, ELLAM allows large transport time increments to be used. ELLAM can produce qualitatively good results using a small number of transport time steps. A description of the ELLAM numerical method, the data-input requirements and output options, and the results of simulator testing and evaluation are presented. The ELLAM algorithm was evaluated for the same set of problems used to test and evaluate Version 1 and Version 2 of MOC3D. These test results indicate that ELLAM offers a viable alternative to the explicit and implicit solvers in MOC3D. Its use is desirable when mass balance is imperative or a fast, qualitative model result is needed. Although accurate solutions can be generated using ELLAM, its efficiency relative to the two previously documented solution algorithms is problem dependent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004087","usgsCitation":"Heberton, C., Russell, T., Konikow, L.F., and Hornberger, G., 2000, A three-dimensional finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method (ELLAM) for solute-transport modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4087, viii, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004087.","productDescription":"viii, 63 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157885,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heberton, C.I.","contributorId":77966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heberton","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, T.F.","contributorId":86811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22402,"text":"ofr00466 - 2000 - MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model; documentation of packages for simulating evapotranspiration with a segmented function (ETS1) and drains with return flow (DRT1)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-05T16:11:13","indexId":"ofr00466","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-466","title":"MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model; documentation of packages for simulating evapotranspiration with a segmented function (ETS1) and drains with return flow (DRT1)","docAbstract":"<p>Two new packages for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water-flow model MODFLOW-2000 are documented. The new packages provide flexibility in simulating evapotranspiration and drain features not provided by the MODFLOW-2000 Evapotranspiration (EVT) and Drain (DRN) Packages. The report describes conceptualization of the packages, input instructions, listings and explanations of the source code, and example simulations.</p><p>The new Evapotranspiration Segments (ETS1) Package allows simulation of evapotranspiration with a user-defined relation between evapotranspiration rate and hydraulic head. This capability provides a degree of flexibility not supported by the EVT Package, which has been available in MODFLOW since its initial release. In the ETS1 Package, the relation of evapotranspiration rate to hydraulic head is conceptualized as a segmented line between an evaporation surface, defined as the elevation where the evapotranspiration rate reaches a maximum, and an elevation located at an extinction depth below the evaporation surface, where the evapotranspiration rate reaches zero. The user supplies input to define as many intermediate segment endpoints as desired to define the relation of evapotranspiration rate to head between these two elevations. The EVT Package, in contrast, simulates evapotranspiration with a single linear function.</p><p>The new Drain Return (DRT1) Package can be used to simulate the return flow of water discharged from a drain feature back into the ground-water system. The DRN Package, which has been available in MODFLOW since its initial release, does not have the capability to simulate return of flow. If the return-flow option of the DRT1 Package is selected, for each cell designated as a drain-return cell, the user has the option of specifying a proportion of the water simulated as leaving the ground-water system through the drain feature that is to be simulated as returning simultaneously to one other cell in the model.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00466","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Banta, E., 2000, MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model; documentation of packages for simulating evapotranspiration with a segmented function (ETS1) and drains with return flow (DRT1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-466, vi, 127 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00466.","productDescription":"vi, 127 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0466/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51826,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0466/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648cd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, Edward R.","contributorId":49820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28939,"text":"wri994291 - 2000 - Site Selection for a Deep Monitor Well, Kualapuu, Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri994291","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4291","title":"Site Selection for a Deep Monitor Well, Kualapuu, Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Management of the ground-water resources near Kualapuu on the island of Molokai, Hawaii, is hindered by the uncertainty in the vertical salinity structure in the aquifer. In the State of Hawaii, vertical profiles of ground-water salinity are commonly obtained from deep monitor wells, and these profiles are used to estimate the thicknesses of the freshwater part of the ground-water flow system and the freshwater-saltwater transition zone. Information from a deep monitor well would improve the understanding of the ground-water flow system and the ability to effectively manage the ground-water resources near Kualapuu; however, as of mid-1999 no deep monitor wells had been drilled on the island of Molokai. \r\n\r\nSelection of an appropriate site for drilling a deep monitor well in the Kualapuu area depends partly on where future ground-water development may occur. Simulations using an areally two-dimensional, steady-state, sharp-interface ground-water flow model previously developed for the island of Molokai, Hawaii, indicate that the southeastern part of the Kualapuu area is a possible area of future ground-water development because (1) withdrawals from this area have a small effect on water levels at existing wells in the Kualapuu area (relative to effects from withdrawals in other parts of the Kualapuu area that are outside of the dike complex), and (2) model-calculated water levels in this part of the Kualapuu area are high relative to water levels in other parts of the Kualapuu area that are outside of the dike complex. \r\n\r\nAdditional site-selection criteria include (1) ground-water level, (2) ground-surface altitude, (3) land classification, ownership, and accessibility, (4) geology, (5) locations of existing production wells, and (6) historical ground-water quality information. A deep monitor well in the Kualapuu area will likely be most useful for management purposes if it is located (1) in the vicinity of future ground-water development, (2) in an area where water levels are between about 8 and 12 feet above sea level, (3) at a ground-surface altitude that is between about 1,000 and 1,100 feet, (4) on government-owned land, (5) outside of the dike complex and as far from known volcanic vents as possible, (6) at least about 1,000 feet from, but within the same hydrogeologic setting as, existing or proposed production wells, and (7) east of well 0902-01. A viable area for drilling a deep monitor well is about a half mile southeast of existing wells 0801-01 to -03 and a half mile north of a known volcanic vent, Puu Luahine.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri994291","usgsCitation":"Oki, D.S., 2000, Site Selection for a Deep Monitor Well, Kualapuu, Molokai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4291, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994291.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95733,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4291/report.pdf","size":"10061","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4291/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486fe4b07f02db50c94e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28942,"text":"wri004035 - 2000 - Use of a ground-penetrating radar system to detect pre- and post-flood scour at selected bridge sites in New Hampshire, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:44:08.983417","indexId":"wri004035","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4035","title":"Use of a ground-penetrating radar system to detect pre- and post-flood scour at selected bridge sites in New Hampshire, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Ground-penetrating radar was used to measure the depth and extent of existing and infilled scour holes and previous scour surfaces at seven bridges in New Hampshire from April 1996 to November 1998. Ground-penetrating-radar survey techniques initially were used by the U.S. Geological Survey to study streambed scour at 30 bridges. Sixteen of the 30 bridges were re-surveyed where floods exceeded a 2-year recurrence interval. A 300-megahertz signal was used in the ground-penetrating radar system that penetrated through depths as great as 20 feet of water and as great as 32 feet of streambed materials. Existing scour-hole dimensions, infilled thickness, previous scour surfaces, and streambed materials were detected using ground-penetrating radar. Depths to riprap materials and pier footings were identified and verified with bridge plans. Post data-collection-processing techniques were applied to assist in the interpretation of the data, and the processed data were displayed and printed as line plots. Processing included distance normalization, migration, and filtering but processing was kept to a minimum and some interference from multiple reflections was left in the record. Of the 16 post-flood bridges, 22 ground-penetrating-radar cross sections at 7 bridges were compared and presented in this report. Existing scour holes were detected during 1996 (pre-flood) data collection in nine cross sections where scour depths ranged from 1 to 3 feet. New scour holes were detected during 1998 (post-flood) data collection in four cross sections where scour depths were as great as 4 feet deep. Infilled scour holes were detected in seven cross sections, where depths of infilling ranged from less than 1 to 4 feet. Depth of infilling by means of steel rod and hammer was difficult to verify in the field because of cobble and boulder streambeds or deep water. Previous scour surfaces in streambed materials were identified in 15 cross sections and the depths to these surfaces ranged from 1 to 10 feet below the streambed. Riprap materials or pier footings were identified in all cross sections. Calculated record depths generally agree with bridge plans. Pier footings were exposed at two bridges and steel pile was exposed at one bridge. Exposures were verified by field observations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004035","usgsCitation":"Olimpio, J.R., 2000, Use of a ground-penetrating radar system to detect pre- and post-flood scour at selected bridge sites in New Hampshire, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4035, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004035.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396297,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26848.htm"},{"id":2241,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004035","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72,\n              42.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.25,\n              42.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.25,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              42.783\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olimpio, Joseph R.","contributorId":57878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25975,"text":"wri004027 - 2000 - Effects of land use on recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers in the upper Illinois River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-23T14:00:57","indexId":"wri004027","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4027","displayTitle":"Effects of Land Use on Recharge Potential of Surficial and Shallow Bedrock Aquifers in the Upper Illinois River Basin","title":"Effects of land use on recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers in the upper Illinois River basin","docAbstract":"<p>The upper Illinois River Basin (UIRB) is the 10,949-square-mile drainage area upstream from Ottawa, Illinois on the Illinois River and is one of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program study units. To assist in the interpretation of groundwater data that will be collected during the course of the UIRB study, the study-unit team designed a spatial model to describe recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers. The following factors, identified as having an effect on recharge potential, were incorporated into the model: land use, soil permeability, type and thickness of surficial deposits, and uppermost bedrock geology. Other models designed to simulate recharge potential and the potential for contamination that were examined during the preparation of this model included factors similar to those included in this model, with the exception of land use. Land use and changes in land use over time, however, can affect recharge potential. The UIRB model was used to simulate recharge potential with and without incorporating land use. A comparison of the simulation results showed that recharge potential was overestimated in some areas and underestimated in other areas when land use was not included in the model. Comparisons of simulations that used 1970 and estimated 1990 land use showed changes in recharge potential over time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004027","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Arnold, T., and Friedel, M.J., 2000, Effects of land use on recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers in the upper Illinois River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4027, vi, 18 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004027.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":1987,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4027/wrir00_4027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 00–4027"}],"contact":"<p>Director,&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\">Central Midwest Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>405 North Goodwin<br>Urbana, IL 61801</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Foreword</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methodology</li><li>Effects of Land Use on Recharge Potential</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, Terri 0000-0003-1406-6054 tlarnold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6054","contributorId":1598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Terri","email":"tlarnold@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69569,"text":"i2737 - 2000 - Earthquakes in and near the northeastern United States, 1638-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T14:17:52","indexId":"i2737","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2737","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Earthquakes in and near the northeastern United States, 1638-1998","docAbstract":"The data are those used to make a large-format, colored map of earthquakes in the northeastern United States and adjacent parts of Canada and the Atlantic Ocean (Wheeler, 2000; Wheeler and others, 2001; references in Data_Quality_Information, Lineage). The map shows the locations of 1,069 known earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 or larger, and is designed for a non-technical audience. Colored circles represent earthquake locations, colored and sized by magnitude. Short descriptions, colonial-era woodcuts, newspaper headlines, and photographs summarize the dates, times of day, damage, and other effects of notable earthquakes. The base map shows color-coded elevation, shaded to emphasize relief.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2737","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., Trevor, N., Tarr, A., and Crone, A.J., 2000, Earthquakes in and near the northeastern United States, 1638-1998: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2737, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2737.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6198,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2737/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110179,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37628.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"37628"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,38 ], [ -81,48 ], [ -66,48 ], [ -66,38 ], [ -81,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db6296d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, R. L.","contributorId":34916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trevor, N.K.","contributorId":68792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trevor","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C.","contributorId":75903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crone, A. J.","contributorId":84363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":23430,"text":"ofr00394 - 2000 - Snowpack chemistry at selected sites in Colorado and New Mexico during winter 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr00394","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-394","title":"Snowpack chemistry at selected sites in Colorado and New Mexico during winter 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Snowpacks at two high-elevation (> 3,000 m) sampling sites near McPhee and Sanchez Reservoirs in southern Colorado were selected to collect representative samples of atmospheric deposition to the surrounding watersheds during winter 1999-2000. In February 2000, annual snowpacks at two sites were sampled to determine concentrations of nitrate and sulfate; concentrations of the trace elements arsenic, mercury, and selenium; and the sulfur isotope ratios that result from atmospheric deposition to the area. Snowpack chemistry data at the two sites sampled in 1999-2000 are compared to 1993-99 averages at 10 other snow-sampling sites in Colorado and New Mexico that generally are downwind of the Four Corners area of the southwestern United States. Although concentrations of ammonium and nitrate in the 1999-2000 snowpacks were fairly typical compared to averages established at nearby sites in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, chloride and sulfate concentrations were below the 1993-99 average, while arsenic, mercury, and selenium in snow were much below the 1993-99 average. However, very similar sulfur-isotope ratios (that are not a function of precipitation amounts) deposited in snowpacks at the nearby sites indicate the snowpack chemistries at the new sampling locations near McPhee and Sanchez reservoirs were affected by similar sources of sulfate.\rRepresentative samples of coal burned during the 1999-2000 snowfall season at three power plants near Four Corners also were analyzed for sulfur content and trace elements. Results from separate, independent laboratories show similar concentrations and provide an initial baseline that will be used for general comparisons of coal chemistry to snowpack chemistry. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey : Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00394","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, G.P., 2000, Snowpack chemistry at selected sites in Colorado and New Mexico during winter 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-394, iii, 9 p. :col. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00394.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :col. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1763,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00-394","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc49b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23695,"text":"ofr0128 - 2000 - Geologic and engineering constraints on the feasibility of clandestine nuclear testing by decoupling in large underground cavities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr0128","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-28","title":"Geologic and engineering constraints on the feasibility of clandestine nuclear testing by decoupling in large underground cavities","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr0128","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Leith, W., 2000, Geologic and engineering constraints on the feasibility of clandestine nuclear testing by decoupling in large underground cavities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-28, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0128.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/EESPT_PUB.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52943,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a82ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leith, William","contributorId":81502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leith","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21638,"text":"ofr00470 - 2000 - Borehole velocity measurements and geological conditions at thirteen sites in the Los Angeles, California region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:56","indexId":"ofr00470","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-470","title":"Borehole velocity measurements and geological conditions at thirteen sites in the Los Angeles, California region","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00470","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, J., Tinsley, J.C., Boore, D., and Joyner, W.B., 2000, Borehole velocity measurements and geological conditions at thirteen sites in the Los Angeles, California region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-470, 118 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00470.","productDescription":"118 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0470/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0470/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6029ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, James F.","contributorId":95880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinsley, J. C.","contributorId":65827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyner, W. B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":21658,"text":"ofr00373 - 2000 - Chemical and isotopic composition of water from springs, wells, and streams in parts of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, and vicinity, 1995-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T18:07:32","indexId":"ofr00373","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-373","title":"Chemical and isotopic composition of water from springs, wells, and streams in parts of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, and vicinity, 1995-1999","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00373","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Bohlke, J., Carmody, R., Casile, G., Coplen, T., Doughten, M., Hannon, J., Kirkland, W., Michel, R.L., Nelms, D., Norton, B., Plummer, K., Qi, H., Revesz, K., Schlosser, P., Spitzer, S., Wayland, J., and Widman, P., 2000, Chemical and isotopic composition of water from springs, wells, and streams in parts of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, and vicinity, 1995-1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-373, v, 70 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00373.","productDescription":"v, 70 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0373/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51205,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0373/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.4696044921875,\n              37.35269280367274\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.069091796875,\n              37.35269280367274\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.069091796875,\n              39.18969082109678\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4696044921875,\n              39.18969082109678\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4696044921875,\n              37.35269280367274\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4783e4b07f02db483c2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":66293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carmody, R.W.","contributorId":65103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmody","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casile, G.C.","contributorId":100422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"G.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doughten, M. 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L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nelms, D.L.","contributorId":32189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Norton, B.C.","contributorId":99181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Plummer, K.E.","contributorId":29467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Spitzer, Shane","contributorId":63421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spitzer","given":"Shane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wayland, J.E.","contributorId":69190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayland","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Widman, P.K.","contributorId":19589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widman","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":29044,"text":"wri004069 - 2000 - Flood hydrology for Dry Creek, Lake County, northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri004069","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4069","title":"Flood hydrology for Dry Creek, Lake County, northwestern Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri004069","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Jarrett, R.D., 2000, Flood hydrology for Dry Creek, Lake County, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4069, 12 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004069.","productDescription":"12 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95742,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4069/report.pdf","size":"4244","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4069/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef12a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30856,"text":"wri004023 - 2000 - Preliminary assessment of phosphorus transport in the Cheney Reservoir watershed, south-central Kansas, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"wri004023","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4023","title":"Preliminary assessment of phosphorus transport in the Cheney Reservoir watershed, south-central Kansas, 1997-98","docAbstract":"A 5-year assessment of water-quality conditions is being conducted in the 933-square-mile Cheney Reservoir watershed of south-central Kansas. Part of this assessment is to define source areas of phosphorus in the watershed and to quantify its transport into Cheney Reservoir. Concern exists for the quality of water in Cheney Reservoir particularly in regards to phosphorus because of its possible relation to algal blooms and subsequent taste and odor problems in treated drinking water from the reservoir. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a preliminary assessment of phosphorus transport during the first 2 complete years (1997-98) of data collection. Annual phosphorus loads and yields were estimated, using regression analysis, at six sampling sites in the Cheney Reservoir watershed. Phosphorus loads and yields for the entire watershed also were estimated. Estimated phosphorus loads at all sampling sites and two additional subwatershed areas were substantially larger in 1998 than in 1997, with a median increase of 68 percent. This increase was mostly the result of wetter conditions in 1998. Estimated mean annual phosphorus yields for 1997-98 (upstream from Cheney Reservoir) ranged from 0.131 to 0.371 pound per acre. Much of the between-site variability in yields was attributed to variability in water yield and does not represent substantial changes in land-use or land-management practices. On average, about 62 percent of the phosphorus load to the reservoir was retained in the reservoir. A mean annual phosphorus yield for 1997-98 for the entire Cheney Reservoir watershed was estimated at 0.20 pound per acre. This compares to mean annual phosphorus yields of 1.76 and 0.05 pounds per acre reported in previous reservoir watershed assessments conducted in the Hillsdale Lake watershed in eastern Kansas in 1996 and the Webster Reservoir watershed in western Kansas in 1998, respectively. However, because of some uncertainty of the representativeness of the Cheney Reservoir watershed mean annual yield for 1997-98, it is suggested that a detailed examination of reservoir bottom sediment and associated phosphorus might provide estimates of historical mean annual phosphorus loads to Cheney Reservoir and of yields from the watershed with which to compare results of the 1997-98 study.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004023","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., and Milligan, C., 2000, Preliminary assessment of phosphorus transport in the Cheney Reservoir watershed, south-central Kansas, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4023, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004023.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2735,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004023","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95866,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4023/report.pdf","size":"7198","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4023/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":13735,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wrir.00-4023.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, L. M.","contributorId":71939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milligan, C.R.","contributorId":61079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milligan","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30647,"text":"wri004029 - 2000 - A precipitation-runoff model for analysis of the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow, Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri004029","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4029","title":"A precipitation-runoff model for analysis of the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow, Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Water withdrawals from the 155-square-mile Ipswich River Basin in northeastern Massachusetts affect aquatic habitat, water quality, and recreational use of the river. To better understand the effects of these withdrawals on streamflow, particularly low flow, the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) was used to develop a watershed-scale precipitation-runoff model of the Ipswich River to simulate its hydrology and complex water-use patterns.An analytical solution was used to compute time series of streamflow depletions resulting from ground-water withdrawals at wells. The flow depletions caused by pumping from the wells were summed along with any surface-water withdrawals to calculate the total withdrawal along a stream reach. The water withdrawals, records of precipitation, and streamflow records on the Ipswich River at South Middleton and at Ipswich for the period 1989?93 were used to calibrate the model. Model-fit analysis indicates that the simulated flows matched observed flows over a wide range of conditions; at a minimum, the coefficient of model-fit efficiency indicates that the model explained 79 percent of the variance in the observed daily flow.Six alternative water-withdrawal and land-use scenarios were simulated with the model. Three scenarios were examined for the 1989?93 calibration period, and three scenarios were examined for the 1961?95 period to test alternative withdrawals and land use over a wider range of climatic conditions, and to compute 1-, 7-, and 30-day low-flow frequencies using a log-Pearson Type III analysis. Flow-duration curves computed from results of the 1989?93 simulations indicate that, at the South Middleton and Ipswich gaging stations, streamflows when no water withdrawals are being made are nearly identical to streamflows when no ground-water withdrawals are made. Streamflow under no water withdrawals at both stations are about an order of magnitude larger at the 99.8 percent exceedence probability than simulations with only ground-water withdrawals. Long-term simulations indicate that the differences between streamflow with no water withdrawals and average 1989?93 water withdrawals is similar to the difference between simulations for the same water-use conditions made for the 1989?93 period at both sites. The 7-day, 10-year low-flow (7Q10, a widely used regulatory statistic) at the South Middleton station was 4.1 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) with no water withdrawals and 1991 land use, 5.8 ft3/s no withdrawals and undeveloped land, and 0.54 ft3/s with average 1989?93 water withdrawals and 1991 land use. The 7Q10 at the Ipswich station was about 8.3 ft3/s for simulations with no water withdrawals for both the 1991 land use and the undeveloped land conditions, and 2.7 ft3/s for simulations with average 1989?93 water withdrawals and 1991 land use. Simulation results indicate that surface-water withdrawals have little effect on the duration and frequency of low flows, but the cumulative ground-water withdrawals substantially decrease low flows.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004029","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., and Ries, K., 2000, A precipitation-runoff model for analysis of the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow, Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4029, vi, 99 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004029.","productDescription":"vi, 99 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3004,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004029","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29596,"text":"wri004115 - 2000 - Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri004115","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4115","title":"Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99","docAbstract":"The Fox Chain of Lakes is a glacial lake system in McHenry and Lake Counties in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. Sedimentation and nutrient overloading have occurred in the lake system since the first dam was built (1907) in McHenry to raise water levels in the lake system. Using data collected from December 1, 1997, to June 1, 1999, suspended-sediment budgets were constructed for the most upstream lake in the system, Grass Lake, and for the lakes downstream from Grass Lake. A total of 64,900 tons of suspended sediment entered Grass Lake during the study, whereas a total of 70,600 tons of suspended sediment exited the lake, indicating a net scour of 5,700 tons of sediment. A total of 44,100 tons of suspended sediment was measured exiting the Fox Chain of Lakes at Johnsburg, whereas 85,600 tons entered the system downstream from Grass Lake. These suspended-sediment loads indicate a net deposition of 41,500 tons downstream from Grass Lake, which represents a trapping efficiency of 48.5 percent. A large amount of recreational boating takes place on the Fox Chain of Lakes during summer months, and suspended-sediment load was observed to rise from 110 tons per day to 339 tons per day during the 1999 Memorial Day weekend (May 26 ?31, 1999). Presumably, this rise was the result of the boating traffic because no other hydrologic event is known to have occurred that might have caused the rise. This study covers a relatively short period and may not represent the long-term processes of the Fox Chain of Lakes system, although the sediment transport was probably higher than an average year. The bed sediments found on the bottom of the lakes are composed of mainly fine particles in the silt-clay range. The Grass Lake sediments were characterized as black peat with an organic content of between 9 and 18 percent, and the median particle size ranged from 0.000811 to 0.0013976 inches. Other bed material samples were collected at streamflow-gaging stations on the tributaries to the Fox Chain of Lakes. With the exception of Grass Lake Outlet at Lotus Woods, most of the bed sediments are sand size or larger. The bed material at the streamflow-gaging station at Grass Lake Outlet at Lotus Woods contains 31.5 percent silt- and clay-sized particles. The bed material at Nippersink Creek near Spring Grove also has higher silt content (10.7 percent) than the bed material found in the Fox River at Wilmot (2.1 percent) and Johnsburg (1.3 percent). Additionally, water velocities at 80 cross sections in the Fox Chain of Lakes were collected to provide sample circulation patterns during two separate 1-week periods, and discharge was measured at 18 locations in the lakes. These data were collected to be available for use in hydrodynamic models.  ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004115","usgsCitation":"Schrader, D.L., and Holmes, R.R., 2000, Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4115, iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:16,000 (1 inch = about 1333 feet)., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004115.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:16,000 (1 inch = about 1333 feet).","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=00-4115","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"6000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, David L.","contributorId":45748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28486,"text":"wri004022 - 2000 - Development of a contour map showing generalized skew coefficients of annual peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in New York, excluding Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T15:18:44.883924","indexId":"wri004022","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4022","title":"Development of a contour map showing generalized skew coefficients of annual peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in New York, excluding Long Island","docAbstract":"<p>Flood-frequency relations that are developed by fitting the logarithms of annual peak discharges to a Pearson Type-III distribution are sensitive to skew coefficients. Estimates of population skew for a site are improved when computed from the weighted average of (1) the sample (station) skew, and (2) an unbiased, generalized skew estimate. A weighting technique based on the number of years of record at each of 226 sites was used to develop a contour map of unbiased, generalized skew coefficients for New York. An attempt was made to group (regionalize) the station skew coefficients into five hydrologically similar areas of New York, but the statewide version proved to be as accurate as the regionalized version and therefore was adopted as the final generalized skew-coefficient map for New York. An error analysis showed the statewide contour map to have lower MSE?s (mean square errors) than those computed from (1) the five regional skewcoefficient contour maps, (2) a previously used (1982) nationwide skew coefficient map, and (3) the weighted mean of skew coefficients for sites within each of five hydrologically uniform, but distinct areas of New York.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., and Baevsky, Y.H., 2000, Development of a contour map showing generalized skew coefficients of annual peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in New York, excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4022, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004022.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4022/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4022/wri20004022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4022"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.99566650390625,\n              40.72852712420599\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.817138671875,\n              40.81796653313175\n            ],\n            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rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baevsky, Yvonne H. 0000-0002-9282-3543","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9282-3543","contributorId":29025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baevsky","given":"Yvonne","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30870,"text":"wri004195 - 2000 - Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer outcrop, Medina County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T16:27:49","indexId":"wri004195","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4195","title":"Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer outcrop, Medina County, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeologic subdivisions of the Edwards aquifer outcrop in Medina County generally are porous and permeable. The most porous and permeable appear to be hydrogeologic subdivision VI, the Kirschberg evaporite member of the Kainer Formation; and hydrogeologic subdivision III, the leached and collapsed members, undivided, of the Person Formation. The most porous and permeable rocks of the Devils River Formation in Medina County appear to be in the top layer. The upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone, the lower confining unit, has much less porosity and permeability than that observed in the Edwards aquifer.</p><p>The Edwards aquifer has relatively large porosity and permeability resulting, in part, from the development or redistribution of secondary porosity. Lithology, stratigraphy, diagenesis, and karstification account for the effective porosity and permeability in the Edwards aquifer outcrop. Karst features that can greatly enhance effective porosity and permeability in the Edwards aquifer outcrop include sinkholes, dolines, and caves. The Edwards aquifer rocks in Medina County change from the eight-member Edwards Group to the essentially indivisible Devils River Formation. The facies change occurs along a line extending northwestward from just south of Medina Lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004195","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Small, T.A., and Clark, A.K., 2000, Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer outcrop, Medina County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4195, Report: iii, 10 p.; Plate: 36 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004195.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 10 p.; Plate: 36 x 24 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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,{"id":31260,"text":"ofr01116 - 2000 - Programs for using Newmark's method to model slope performance during earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"ofr01116","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-116","title":"Programs for using Newmark's method to model slope performance during earthquakes","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01116","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R.W., and Jibson, M.W., 2000, Programs for using Newmark's method to model slope performance during earthquakes (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-116, 1 computer optical disc : ill. ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01116.","productDescription":"1 computer optical disc : ill. ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jibson, Matthew W.","contributorId":69199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30863,"text":"wri004082 - 2000 - Estimated effects on water quality of Lake Houston from interbasin transfer of water from the Trinity River, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T11:26:41","indexId":"wri004082","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4082","title":"Estimated effects on water quality of Lake Houston from interbasin transfer of water from the Trinity River, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The City of Houston is considering the transfer of water from the Trinity River to Lake Houston (on the San Jacinto River) to alleviate concerns about adequate water supplies for future water demands. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Houston, conducted a study to estimate the effects on the water quality of Lake Houston from the transfer of Trinity River water. </p><p>A water-quality model, CE–QUAL–W2, was used to simulate six water-quality properties and constituents for scenarios of interbasin transfer of Trinity River water. Three scenarios involved the transferred Trinity River water augmenting streamflow in the East Fork of Lake Houston, and three scenarios involved the transferred water replacing streamflow from the West Fork of the San Jacinto River.</p><p>The estimated effects on Lake Houston were determined by comparing volume-weighted daily mean water temperature, phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, algal biomass, and dissolved oxygen simulated for each of the transfer scenarios to simulations for a base dataset. The effects of the interbasin transfer on Lake Houston do not appear to be detrimental to water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, or dissolved oxygen. Phosphorus and nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen showed fairly large changes when Trinity River water was transferred to replace West Fork San Jacinto River streamflow. Algal biomass showed large decreases when Trinity River water was transferred to augment East Fork Lake Houston streamflow and large increases when Trinity River water was transferred to replace West Fork San Jacinto River streamflow. Regardless of the scenario simulated, the model indicated that light was the limiting factor for algal biomass growth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004082","usgsCitation":"Liscum, F., and East, J., 2000, Estimated effects on water quality of Lake Houston from interbasin transfer of water from the Trinity River, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4082, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004082.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004082.PNG"},{"id":328035,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4082/pdf/wri00-4082.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2738,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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