Metals transport in the Sacramento River, northern California, from July 1996 to June 1997 was evaluated in terms of metal loads from samples of water and suspended colloids that were collected on up to six occasions at 13 sites in the Sacramento River Basin. Four of the sampling periods (July, September, and November 1996; and May-June 1997) took place during relatively low-flow conditions and two sampling periods (December 1996 and January 1997) took place during high-flow and flooding conditions, respectively. This study focused primarily on loads of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, with secondary emphasis on loads of aluminum, iron, and mercury.
Trace metals in acid mine drainage from abandoned and inactive base-metal mines, in the East and West Shasta mining districts, enter the Sacramento River system in predominantly dissolved form into both Shasta Lake and Keswick Reservoir. The proportion of trace metals that was dissolved (as opposed to colloidal) in samples collected at Shasta and Keswick dams decreased in the order zinc ≈ cadmium > copper > lead. At four sampling sites on the Sacramento River--71, 256, 360, and 412 kilometers downstream of Keswick Dam--trace-metal loads were predominantly colloidal during both high- and low-flow conditions. The proportion of total cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc loads transported to San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta estuary (referred to as the Bay-Delta) that is associated with mineralized areas was estimated by dividing loads at Keswick Dam by loads 412 kilometers downstream at Freeport and the Yolo Bypass. During moderately high flows in December 1996, mineralization-related total (dissolved + colloidal) trace-metal loads to the Bay-Delta (as a percentage of total loads measured downstream) were cadmium, 87 percent; copper, 35 percent; lead, 10 percent; and zinc, 51 percent. During flood conditions in January 1997 loads were cadmium, 22 percent; copper, 11 percent; lead, 2 percent; and zinc, 15 percent. During irrigation drainage season from rice fields (May-June 1997) loads were cadmium, 53 percent; copper, 42 percent; lead, 20 percent; and zinc, 75 percent. These estimates must be qualified by the following factors: (1) metal loads at Colusa in December 1996 and at Verona in May-June 1997 generally exceeded those determined at Freeport during those sampling periods. Therefore, the above percentages represent maximum estimates of the apparent total proportion of metals from mineralized areas upstream of Keswick Dam; and (2) for logistics reasons, the Sacramento River was sampled at Tower Bridge instead of at Freeport during January 1997.
Available data suggest that trace metal loads from agricultural drainage may be significant during certain flow conditions in areas where metals such as copper and zinc are added as agricultural amendments. Copper loads for sampling periods in July and September 1996 and in May-June 1997 show increases of dissolved and colloidal copper and in colloidal zinc between Colusa and Verona, the reach of the Sacramento River along which the Colusa Basin Drain, the Sacramento Slough, and other agricultural return flows are tributaries. Monthly sampling of these two agricultural drains by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program shows seasonal variations in metal concentrations, reaching maximum concentrations of 4 to 6 micrograms per liter in \"dissolved\" (0.45-micrometer filtrate) copper concentrations in May 1996, December 1996, and June 1997. The total (dissolved plus colloidal) load of copper from the Colusa Basin Drain in June 1997 was 18 kilograms per day, whereas the copper load in Spring Creek, which drains the inactive mines on Iron Mountain, was 20 kilograms per day during the same sampling period. For comparison, during the January 1997 flood, the copper load in Spring Creek was about 1,100 kilograms per day and the copper load in the Yolo Bypass was about 7,300 kilograms per day. The data clearly indicate that most copper and zinc loads during the January 1997 flood entered the Sacramento River upstream of Colusa, and upstream of the influence of the most intense agricultural drainage return flows in the Sacramento River watershed.
This study has demonstrated that some trace metals of environmental significance (cadmium, copper, and zinc) in the Sacramento River are transported largely in dissolved form at upstream sites (below Shasta Dam, below Keswick Dam, and at Bend Bridge) proximal to the mineralized areas of the West Shasta and East Shasta mining districts. In contrast, these trace metals are transported largely in colloidal form at downstream sites (Colusa, Verona, Freeport, and Yolo Bypass). Aluminum, iron, and lead were observed to be transported predominantly in the colloidal phase at all mainstem Sacramento River sampling sites during all sampling periods in this study. Despite continuous water treatment, which has removed 85 to 90 percent of the cadmium, copper, and zinc from the mine drainage at Iron Mountain, Spring Creek remains a significant source of these metals to the Sacramento River system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/wri004002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District, California State Water Resources Control Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"2000, Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; Volume 2: Interpretation of metal loads: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4002, xi, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004002.","productDescription":"xi, 106 p.","numberOfPages":"118","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62877e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728626,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728627,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728628,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dileanis, Peter D. dileanis@usgs.gov","contributorId":71541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dileanis","given":"Peter","email":"dileanis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728629,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728630,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":30358,"text":"wri994273 - 2000 - Effects of fluvial tailings deposits on soils and surface- and ground-water quality, and implications for remediation — Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, 1992–96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T22:04:33.104251","indexId":"wri994273","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4273","title":"Effects of fluvial tailings deposits on soils and surface- and ground-water quality, and implications for remediation — Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, 1992–96","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994273","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., Rossi, F.J., Gerner, L.J., Evans, J., Yager, T., Ranville, J., and Smith, K., 2000, Effects of fluvial tailings deposits on soils and surface- and ground-water quality, and implications for remediation — Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, 1992–96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4273, iv, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994273.","productDescription":"iv, 100 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394479,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25716.htm"},{"id":159727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":265399,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4273/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.333,\n 39.125\n ],\n [\n -106.317,\n 39.125\n ],\n [\n -106.317,\n 39.167\n ],\n [\n -106.333,\n 39.167\n ],\n [\n -106.333,\n 39.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615682","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rossi, F. J.","contributorId":57113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerner, L. J.","contributorId":72008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, J. B.","contributorId":77182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yager, T. J.","contributorId":33359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, K. S. 0000-0001-8547-9804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":47779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":29813,"text":"wri20004015 - 2000 - Aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence: Measurements, analyses, and simulations – The Holly Site, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:28:44.362115","indexId":"wri20004015","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4015","title":"Aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence: Measurements, analyses, and simulations – The Holly Site, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California","docAbstract":"Land subsidence resulting from ground-water-level declines has long been recognized as a problem in Antelope Valley, California. At Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB), ground-water extractions have caused more than 150 feet of water-level decline, resulting in nearly 4 feet of subsidence. Differential land subsidence has caused sinklike depressions and earth fissures and has accelerated erosion of the playa lakebed surface of Rogers Lake at EAFB, adversely affecting the runways on the lakebed which are used for landing aircraft such as the space shuttles. Since 1990, about 0.4 foot of aquifer-system compaction has been measured at a deep (840 feet) borehole extensometer (Holly site) at EAFB. More than 7 years of paired ground-water-level and aquifer-system compaction measurements made at the Holly site were analyzed for this study. Annually, seasonal water-level fluctuations correspond to steplike variations in aquifer-system compaction; summer water-level drawdowns are associated with larger rates of compaction, and winter water-level recoveries are associated with smaller rates of compaction. The absence of aquifer-system expansion during recovery is consistent with the delayed drainage and resultant delayed, or residual, compaction of thick aquitards. A numerical one-dimensional MODFLOW model of aquitard drainage was used to refine estimates of aquifer-system hydraulic parameters that control compaction and to predict potential future compaction at the Holly site. The analyses and simulations of aquifer-system compaction are based on established theories of aquitard drainage. Historical ground-water-level and land-subsidence data collected near the Holly site were used to constrain simulations of aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence at the site for the period 1908-90, and ground-water-level and aquifer- system compaction measurements collected at the Holly site were used to constrain the model for the period 1990-97. Model results indicate that two thick aquitards, which total 129 feet or about half the aggregate thickness of all the aquitards penetrated by the Holly boreholes, account for most (greater than 99 percent) of the compaction measured at the Holly site during the period 1990-97. The results of three scenarios of future water-level changes indicate that these two thick aquitards account for most of the future compaction. The results also indicate that if water levels decline to about 30 feet below the 1997 water levels an additional 1.7 feet of compaction may occur during the next 30 years. If water levels remain at 1997 levels, the model predicts that only 0.8 foot of compaction may occur during the same period, and even if water levels recover to about 30 feet above 1997 water levels, another 0.5 foot of compaction may occur in the next 30 years. In addition, only a portion of the compaction that ultimately will occur likely will occur within the next 30 years; therefore, the residual compaction and associated land subsidence attributed to slowly equilibrating aquitards is important to consider in the long-term management of land and water resources at EAFB.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20004015","usgsCitation":"Sneed, M., and Galloway, D.L., 2000, Aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence: Measurements, analyses, and simulations – The Holly Site, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4015, vii, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004015.","productDescription":"vii, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394045,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26214.htm"},{"id":11192,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/wri004015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.19503784179688,\n 35.16819542676796\n ],\n [\n -118.90228271484374,\n 34.84536693184099\n ],\n [\n -118.91189575195312,\n 34.78222760653013\n ],\n [\n -117.45620727539062,\n 34.30260622622907\n ],\n [\n -117.54959106445312,\n 35.163704834815874\n ],\n [\n -118.19503784179688,\n 35.16819542676796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5003,"text":"fs13000 - 2000 - Arsenic in ground water in Livingston County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T10:52:42","indexId":"fs13000","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"130-00","title":"Arsenic in ground water in Livingston County, Michigan","docAbstract":"Previous studies of ground-water resources in Michigan by the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH), the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) indicate that in several counties in the southeastern part of the State the concentrations of arsenic in ground water may exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 50 micrograms per liter [µg/L]. This MCL was established in 1986. The Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended in 1996, requires USEPA to revise this standard in 2000. In June 2000, the USEPA proposed a revised MCL of 5 µg/L.
In 1996, the USGS, in cooperation with the MDEQ and the Health Departments of Genesee, Huron, Lapeer, Livingston, Oakland, Sanilac, Shiawassee, Tuscola and Washtenaw counties, began a study of the factors controlling arsenic occurrence and concentrations in ground water in southeastern Michigan. This study is one of four USGS Drinking Water Initiative projects throughout the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/fs13000","usgsCitation":"Haack, S.K., and Rachol, C.M., 2000, Arsenic in ground water in Livingston County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 130-00, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13000.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_130_00.jpg"},{"id":254,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mi.water.usgs.gov/pdf/living_factsheet_1.11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Livingston County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.6863,42.7822],[-83.6733,42.5196],[-83.6669,42.4312],[-83.7864,42.4288],[-83.9065,42.4249],[-84.0196,42.423],[-84.1333,42.4238],[-84.1402,42.4239],[-84.146,42.5999],[-84.1519,42.685],[-84.1593,42.7779],[-83.9225,42.7812],[-83.6863,42.7822]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Livingston\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672d3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rachol, Cynthia M. 0000-0001-9984-3435 crachol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-3435","contributorId":3488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachol","given":"Cynthia","email":"crachol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29440,"text":"wri004001 - 2000 - Surface- and ground-water characteristics in the Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek watersheds, South Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada, July-December 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri004001","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4001","title":"Surface- and ground-water characteristics in the Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek watersheds, South Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada, July-December 1996","docAbstract":"The Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek watersheds, South Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada, were studied from July to December 1996 to develop a better understanding of the relation between surface water and ground water. Base flows at 63 streamflow sites were measured in late September 1996 in the Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek watersheds. Most reaches of the main stem of the Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek had gaining or steady flows, with one losing reach in the mid-section of each stream. \r\n\r\nTwenty-seven of the streamflow sites measured in the Upper Truckee River watershed were on 14 tributaries to the main stem of the Upper Truckee River. Sixteen of the 40 streamflow sites measured in the Upper Truckee River watershed had no measurable flow. Streamflow in Upper Truckee River watershed ranged from 0 to 11.6 cubic feet per second (ft3/s). The discharge into Lake Tahoe from the Upper Truckee River was 11.6 ft3/s, of which, 40 percent of the flow was from ground-water discharge into the main stem, 40 percent was from tributary inflows, and the remaining 20 percent was the beginning flow. Gains from or losses to ground water along streams ranged from a 1.4 cubic feet per second per mile (ft3/s/mi) gain to a 0.5 ft3/s/mi loss along the main stem.\r\n\r\nFourteen of the streamflow sites measured in the Trout Creek watershed were on eight tributaries to the main stem of Trout Creek. Of the 23 streamflow sites measured in the Trout Creek watershed, only one site had no flow. Flows in the Trout Creek watershed ranged from zero to 23.0 ft3/s. Discharge into Lake Tahoe from Trout Creek was 23.0 ft3/s, of which, about 5 percent of the flow was from ground-water discharge into the main stem, 75 percent was from tributary inflows, and the remaining 20 percent was the beginning flow. Ground-water seepage rates ranged from a 1.4 ft3/s/mi gain to a 0.9 ft3/s/mi loss along the main stem. \r\n\r\nSpecific conductances measured during the seepage run in September 1996 increased in a downstream direction in the main stem of the Upper Truckee River and remained relatively constant in the main stem of Trout Creek. Water temperatures measured during the seepage run also increased in a downstream direction in both watersheds.\r\n\r\nDepths to ground water measured at 62 wells in the study area were used with the results of the seepage run to produce a water-level map in the Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek watersheds. Ground-water levels ranged from 1.3 to 69.8 feet below land surface. In the upper sections of the watersheds ground-water flow is generally toward the main stems of Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek, whereas in the lower sections, ground-water flow generally parallels the two streams and flows toward Lake Tahoe. The altitude of ground water between Lake Tahoe and Highway 50 was nearly the same as the lake-surface altitude from July to November 1996. This suggests ground-water discharge beneath the Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek drainages directly to Lake Tahoe was minimal and that much of the ground-water discharge was to the channels of the Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek upstream from Highway 50. Hydraulic gradients ranged from near zero to 1,400 feet per mile.\r\n\r\nSamples were collected at six surface-water-quality and eight ground-water-quality sites from July through mid-December 1996. Specific conductance of the ground-water-quality sites was higher than that of the surface-water-quality sites. Water temperature and pH median values were similar between ground-water-quality and surface-water-quality sites but ground water had greater variation in pH and surface water had greater variation in water temperature. Ground-water nutrient concentrations were generally higher than those in streams except for bioreactive iron.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004001","usgsCitation":"Rowe, T., and Allander, K.K., 2000, Surface- and ground-water characteristics in the Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek watersheds, South Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada, July-December 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4001, iv, 39 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:25,000 (1 inch = about 2,100 feet), https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004001.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:25,000 (1 inch = about 2,100 feet)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2453,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004001","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, T.G.","contributorId":105732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27051,"text":"wri004014 - 2000 - Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri004014","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4014","title":"Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Periodic and continual water-level data from 1963 to 1998 were compiled and quality assured for 65 observation wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada. As part of the quality assurance of all water levels, ancillary data pertinent to computing hydraulic heads in wells were compiled and analyzed. Quality-assured water levels that were not necessarily in error but which did not represent static heads in the regional aquifer system, or required some other qualification, were flagged. Water levels flagged include those recovering from recent pumping or well construction, water levels affected by nuclear tests, and measurements affected by borehole deviations.\r\n\r\nA cursory examination of about 30 wells with available water-level and down-hole temperature data indicate that water levels in most wells on Pahute Mesa would not be significantly affected by temperature if corrected to 95 degrees Fahrenheit. Wells with large corrections (greater than 10 feet) are those with long water columns (greater than 1,500 feet of water above the assumed point of inflow) in combination with mean water-column temperatures exceeding 105 degrees Fahrenheit.\r\n\r\nWater-level fluctuations in wells on Pahute Mesa are caused by several factors including infiltration of precipitation, barometric pressure, Earth tides, ground-water pumpage, and seismic events caused by tectonic activity and underground nuclear testing. No observed water-level fluctuations were attributed to a naturally occurring earthquake. The magnitude and duration of changes in water levels caused by nuclear tests are affected by the test size and the distance from a well to the test. Identifying water levels that might be affected by past nuclear tests is difficult because pre-testing water-level data are sparse.\r\n\r\nHydrologically significant trends were found in 13 of 25 wells with multiple years of water-level record. The largest change in water levels (1,029 feet in 25 years) occurred in well U-19v PS 1D as a result of the Almendro nuclear test. Likely explanations for trends in most of the wells are either changes in precipitation patterns that affect recharge rates to the ground-water system, pumping effects from water-supply well U-20 WW, or a combination of these two factors.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004014","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., 2000, Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4014, iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004014.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2196,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4014","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65526e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27721,"text":"wri004013 - 2000 - Methylmercury in water and bottom sediment along the Carson River system, Nevada and California, September 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri004013","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4013","title":"Methylmercury in water and bottom sediment along the Carson River system, Nevada and California, September 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004013","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., and Thomas, K.A., 2000, Methylmercury in water and bottom sediment along the Carson River system, Nevada and California, September 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4013, iv, 17 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004013.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95668,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4013/report.pdf","size":"3529","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4013/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb60f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Ray J.","contributorId":53770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Ray J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Karen A. kathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":3848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Karen","email":"kathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24508,"text":"ofr00208 - 2000 - Long-term ground-water monitoring program and performance-evaluation plan for the extraction system at the former Nike Missile Battery Site, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr00208","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-208","title":"Long-term ground-water monitoring program and performance-evaluation plan for the extraction system at the former Nike Missile Battery Site, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"This report presents lithologic and ground-water-quality data collected during April and May 2000 in the remote areas of the tidal wetland of West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Contamination of the Canal Creek aquifer with volatile organic compounds has been documented in previous investigations of the area. This study was conducted to investigate areas that were previously inaccessible because of deep mud and shallow water, and to support ongoing investigations of the fate and transport of volatile organic compounds in the Canal Creek aquifer. A unique vibracore drill rig mounted on a hovercraft was used for drilling and ground-water sampling. Continuous cores of the wetland sediment and of the Canal Creek aquifer were collected at five sites. Attempts to sample ground water were made by use of a continuous profiler at 12 sites, without well installation, at a total of 81 depths within the aquifer. Of those 81 attempts, only 34 sampling depths produced enough water to collect samples.\r\n\r\n\r\nGround-water samples from two sites had the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds?with total volatile organic compound concentrations in the upper part of the aquifer ranging from about 15,000 to 50,000 micrograms per liter. Ground-water samples from five sites had much lower total volatile organic compound concentrations (95 to 2,100 micrograms per liter), whereas two sites were essentially not contaminated, with total volatile organic compound concentrations less than or equal to 5 micrograms per liter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00208","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Senus, M.P., and Tenbus, F.J., 2000, Long-term ground-water monitoring program and performance-evaluation plan for the extraction system at the former Nike Missile Battery Site, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-208, iii, 21 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00208.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1608,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ee67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senus, Michael P.","contributorId":39820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tenbus, Frederick J.","contributorId":52145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tenbus","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24013,"text":"ofr00378 - 2000 - Assessment of sedimentation in Crowders Creek, York County, South Carolina, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-13T19:43:10.382767","indexId":"ofr00378","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-378","title":"Assessment of sedimentation in Crowders Creek, York County, South Carolina, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Sedimentation in Crowders Creek cove in Lake Wylie, located in York County, South Carolina, has restricted boat navigation and made a boat ramp unusable. To provide baseline information, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the York County Council, collected bathymetric and bed-sediment data in the cove, and streamflow and suspended-sediment data in a free-flowing reach of Crowders Creek. Bathymetric data from a survey of the cove made in November 1999 were compared with bathymetric data derived from a 1973 U.S. Geological Survey topographic map. It was determined that at water-surface elevation of 568 feet, the volume of the cove available for water storage had decreased 90 percent, from 1.3 million cubic yards in 1973 to 135,000 cubic yards in 1999. Continuous water-level and streamflow data were collected at a U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station on Crowders Creek near Clover, South Carolina, for the period October 1, 1999, to April 30, 2000. Suspended-sediment concentration data were collected at four sites on February 14, 2000. The maximum instantaneous streamflow recorded during this event was 864 cubic feet per second, and the largest suspended-sediment load was calculated to be 2,120 tons per day. Bed-sediment samples were collected at four locations in the study area: one in the lower reach of Crowders Creek and three in the cove. These samples were analyzed for a total of 44 trace elements, 29 organochlorine pesticides, degradation products and polychlorinated biphenyls, and for particle-size distribution. None of the trace element concentrations exceeded guidelines for the concentrations above which adverse effects on stream biota are expected to occur. Two of 29 organochlorine pesticides were detected.p,p'-DDT at 11 micrograms per kilogram was detected at one site, and p,p'-DDE at 3.2 micrograms per kilogram was detected at another site. Particle-size analyses at these four sampling sites indicated that at least 60 percent of the sediments are smaller than 0.063 millimeter, which indicates the sediment is composed mostly of silts and clays.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00378","usgsCitation":"Nagle, D.D., 2000, Assessment of sedimentation in Crowders Creek, York County, South Carolina, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-378, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00378.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53189,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0378/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0378/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"York County","otherGeospatial":"Crowders Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.34552001953125,\n 35.26187989638478\n ],\n [\n -81.35993957519531,\n 35.228794142471024\n ],\n [\n -81.35581970214844,\n 35.19513377063931\n ],\n [\n -81.35032653808592,\n 35.1760533659996\n ],\n [\n -81.35135650634766,\n 35.11148351132474\n ],\n [\n -81.2545394897461,\n 35.079741300161416\n ],\n [\n -81.1124038696289,\n 35.07046911981966\n ],\n [\n -81.09970092773438,\n 35.06737815891162\n ],\n [\n -81.06639862060547,\n 35.12187429289515\n ],\n [\n -81.11686706542967,\n 35.14068665962406\n ],\n [\n -81.14295959472656,\n 35.18419114526594\n ],\n [\n -81.23016357421875,\n 35.24674063355999\n ],\n [\n -81.23016357421875,\n 35.28374272801905\n ],\n [\n -81.33247375488281,\n 35.285984736065764\n ],\n [\n -81.34552001953125,\n 35.26187989638478\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6683c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagle, Douglas D.","contributorId":41853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24180,"text":"ofr00498 - 2000 - Yellowstone plume head: Postulated tectonic relations to the Vancouver Slab, continental boundaries, and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T21:43:54.444266","indexId":"ofr00498","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-498","title":"Yellowstone plume head: Postulated tectonic relations to the Vancouver Slab, continental boundaries, and climate","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00498","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., Morgan, L.A., and Saltus, R.W., 2000, Yellowstone plume head: Postulated tectonic relations to the Vancouver Slab, continental boundaries, and climate: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-498, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00498.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408838,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51425.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8128,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0498/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 47\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth Lee","contributorId":87149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Lisa A.","contributorId":66300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":191458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38270,"text":"pp1626 - 2000 - Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Circum-North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:00","indexId":"pp1626","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1626","title":"Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Circum-North Pacific","docAbstract":"The Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Circum-North Pacific is recorded mainly in the orogenic collages of the Circum-North Pacific mountain belts that separate the North Pacific from the eastern part of the North Asian Craton and the western part of the North American Craton. These collages consist of tectonostratigraphic terranes that are composed of fragments of igneous arcs, accretionary-wedge and subduction-zone complexes, passive continental margins, and cratons; they are overlapped by continental-margin-arc and sedimentary-basin assemblages. The geologic history of the terranes and overlap assemblages is highly complex because of postaccretionary dismemberment and translation during strike-slip faulting that occurred subparallel to continental margins.We analyze the complex tectonics of this region by the following steps. (1) We assign tectonic environments for the orogenic collages from regional compilation and synthesis of stratigraphic and faunal data. The types of tectonic environments include cratonal, passive continental margin, metamorphosed continental margin, continental-margin arc, island arc, oceanic crust, seamount, ophiolite, accretionary wedge, subduction zone, turbidite basin, and metamorphic. (2) We make correlations between terranes. (3) We group coeval terranes into a single tectonic origin, for example, a single island arc or subduction zone. (4) We group igneous-arc and subduction- zone terranes, which are interpreted as being tectonically linked, into coeval, curvilinear arc/subduction-zone complexes. (5) We interpret the original positions of terranes, using geologic, faunal, and paleomagnetic data. (6) We construct the paths of tectonic migration.\r\n\r\nSix processes overlapping in time were responsible for most of the complexities of the collage of terranes and overlap assemblages around the Circum-North Pacific, as follows. (1) During the Late Proterozoic, Late Devonian, and Early Carboniferous, major periods of rifting occurred along the ancestral margins of present-day Northeast Asia and northwestern North America. The rifting resulted in the fragmentation of each continent and the formation of cratonal and passive continental-margin terranes that eventually migrated and accreted to other sites along the evolving margins of the original or adjacent continents. (2) From about the Late Triassic through the mid-Cretaceous, a succession of island arcs and tectonically paired subduction zones formed near the continental margins. (3) From about mainly the mid-Cretaceous through the present, a succession of igneous arcs and tectonically paired subduction zones formed along the continental margins. (4) From about the Jurassic to the present, oblique convergence and rotations caused orogenparallel sinistral and then dextral displacements within the upper-plate margins of cratons that have become Northeast Asia and North America. The oblique convergences and rotations resulted in the fragmentation, displacement, and duplication of formerly more nearly continuous arcs, subduction zones, and passive continental margins. These fragments were subsequently accreted along the expanding continental margins. (5) From the Early Jurassic through Tertiary, movement of the upper continental plates toward subduction zones resulted in strong plate coupling and accretion of the former island arcs and subduction zones to the continental margins. Accretions were accompanied and followed by crustal thickening, anatexis, metamorphism, and uplift. The accretions resulted in substantial growth of the North Asian and North American Continents. (6) During the middle and late Cenozoic, oblique to orthogonal convergence of the Pacifi c plate with present-day Alaska and Northeast Asia resulted in formation of the modern-day ring of volcanoes around the Circum-North Pacific. Oblique convergence between the Pacific plate and Alaska also resulted in major dextral-slip faulting in interior and southern Alaska and along the western p","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1626","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Parfenov, L.M., Monger, J.W., Norton, I.O., Khanchuk, A.I., Stone, D., Scotese, C.R., Scholl, D.W., and Fujita, K., 2000, Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Circum-North Pacific: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1626, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1626.","productDescription":"122 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7811,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2000/1626/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a486e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parfenov, Leonid M.","contributorId":59112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfenov","given":"Leonid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monger, James W.H.","contributorId":53900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norton, Ian O.","contributorId":82575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stone, David B.","contributorId":65324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scotese, Christopher R.","contributorId":66357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scotese","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fujita, Kazuya","contributorId":15654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujita","given":"Kazuya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":24850,"text":"ofr00344 - 2000 - High-streamflow statistics of selected streams in the Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Manitoba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T12:49:20","indexId":"ofr00344","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-344","title":"High-streamflow statistics of selected streams in the Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Manitoba","docAbstract":"Statistical summaries of high-streamflow data through water year 1997 for selected active U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations for the Red River of the North Basin upstream of and including Emerson, Manitoba, but excluding the Devils Lake Basin, are presented in this report. The summaries for each streamflow-gaging station include (1) station description, (2) graph of the annual mean discharge for the period of record, (3) statistics of monthly and annual mean discharges, (4) graph of the annual flow duration, (5) monthly and annual flow duration, (6) probability of occurrence of annual high discharges, (7) annual peak discharge and corresponding gage height for the period of record, and (8) monthly and annual mean discharges for the period of record. Also included for stations located on the Red River of the North are hydrographs of daily mean discharges for the 3 years having the highest peak discharges and hydrographs of daily mean gage heights for the 3 years having the highest gage heights.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00344","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Williams-Sether, T., 2000, High-streamflow statistics of selected streams in the Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Manitoba: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-344, iv, 498 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00344.","productDescription":"iv, 498 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0344/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53848,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0344/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams-Sether, Tara 0000-0001-6515-9416 tjsether@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-9416","contributorId":152247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams-Sether","given":"Tara","email":"tjsether@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28637,"text":"wri004062 - 2000 - Phosphorus and E. coli in the Fanno and Bronson Creek subbasins of the Tualatin River basin, Oregon, during summer low-flow conditions, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T18:19:49.674994","indexId":"wri004062","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4062","displayTitle":"Phosphorus and E. coli in the Fanno and Bronson Creek subbasins of the Tualatin River basin, Oregon, during summer low-flow conditions, 1996","title":"Phosphorus and E. coli in the Fanno and Bronson Creek subbasins of the Tualatin River basin, Oregon, during summer low-flow conditions, 1996","docAbstract":"As part of an ongoing cooperative study between the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County, Oregon, and the U.S. Geological Survey, phosphorus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations were measured in the Fanno and Bronson Creek subbasins of the Tualatin River Basin during September 1996. Data were collected at 19 main-stem and 22 tributary sites in the Fanno Creek subbasin, and at 14 main-stem and 4 tributary sites in the Bronson Creek subbasin. These data provided the following information on summer base-flow conditions in the subbasins. Concentrations of total phosphorus at 70% of the sites sampled in the Fanno Creek subbasin were between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L (milligrams per liter), very near the estimated background level of 0.14 mg/L attributed to ground-water base flow. These data indicate that ground-water discharge could account for the phosphorus measured at most sites in this subbasin.Concentrations of phosphorus at all but one of the sites sampled in the Bronson Creek subbasin were also between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L, indicating that ground-water discharge could account for the phosphorus measured at most sites in this subbasin.A few sites in the Fanno Creek subbasin had phosphorus concentrations above background levels, indicating a source other than ground water. Some of these sites- Pendleton Creek and the tributary near Gemini, for example-were probably affected by the decomposition of avian waste materials and the release of phosphorus from bottom sediments in nearby ponds.Concentrations of E. coli--an indicator of fecal contamination and the potential presence of bacterial pathogens-exceeded the current single-sample criterion for recreational contact in freshwater (406 organisms/100 mL [organisms per 100 milliliters]) at 70% of the sites sampled in the Fanno Creek subbasin.Concentrations of E. coli in the Bronson Creek subbasin exceeded the single-sample criterion at one-third of the sites sampled.Most occurrences of elevated E. coli levels were probably due to sources such as domestic pet and wildlife waste, failing septic systems, or improperly managed hobby farms. The data did not indicate any large breaks in sewer lines or other large-scale sources of bacterial contamination to surface water in either subbasin during this low-flow period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri004062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation withe the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County, Oregon.","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., 2000, Phosphorus and E. coli in the Fanno and Bronson Creek subbasins of the Tualatin River basin, Oregon, during summer low-flow conditions, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4062, iii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004062.","productDescription":"iii, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004062.PNG"},{"id":311366,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4062/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":463436,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30036.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Bronson Creek, Fanno Creek, Taulatin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 45.85176048817254\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 45.85176048817254\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Kathleen A. mccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Kathleen","email":"mccarthy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5007,"text":"fs13400 - 2000 - Arsenic in ground water in Washtenaw County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T10:56:26","indexId":"fs13400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"134-00","title":"Arsenic in ground water in Washtenaw County, Michigan","docAbstract":"Previous studies of ground-water resources in Michigan by the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH), the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) indicate that in several counties in the southeastern part of the State the concentrations of arsenic in ground water may exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 50 micrograms per liter [µg/L]. This MCL was established in 1986. The Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended in 1996, requires USEPA to revise this standard in 2000. In June 2000, the USEPA proposed a revised MCL of 5 µg/L.
In 1996, the USGS, in cooperation with the MDEQ and the Health Departments of Genesee, Huron, Lapeer, Livingston, Oakland, Sanilac, Shiawassee, Tuscola and Washtenaw counties, began a study of the factors controlling arsenic occurrence and concentrations in ground water in southeastern Michigan. This study is one of four USGS Drinking Water Initiative projects throughout the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/fs13400","usgsCitation":"Haack, S.K., and Rachol, C.M., 2000, Arsenic in ground water in Washtenaw County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 134-00, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13400.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31842,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mi.water.usgs.gov/pdf/wash_factsheet._1.11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0134/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Washtenaw County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.553,42.4351],[-83.5492,42.3486],[-83.5417,42.1744],[-83.5399,42.0853],[-83.6563,42.0833],[-83.7763,42.0823],[-83.8927,42.0797],[-84.0164,42.0789],[-84.0165,42.0749],[-84.1353,42.073],[-84.136,42.1611],[-84.1319,42.2483],[-84.132,42.3356],[-84.1333,42.4238],[-84.0196,42.423],[-83.9065,42.4249],[-83.7864,42.4288],[-83.6669,42.4312],[-83.553,42.4351]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Washtenaw\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672d1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rachol, Cynthia M. 0000-0001-9984-3435 crachol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-3435","contributorId":3488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachol","given":"Cynthia","email":"crachol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28340,"text":"wri994256 - 2000 - Ground-water flow and distribution of volatile organic compounds, Rutgers University Busch Campus and vicinity, Piscataway Township, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri994256","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4256","title":"Ground-water flow and distribution of volatile organic compounds, Rutgers University Busch Campus and vicinity, Piscataway Township, New Jersey","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994256","usgsCitation":"Lewis-Brown, J.C., and dePaul, V., 2000, Ground-water flow and distribution of volatile organic compounds, Rutgers University Busch Campus and vicinity, Piscataway Township, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4256, viii, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994256.","productDescription":"viii, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4256/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57150,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4256/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cecc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis-Brown, Jean C.","contributorId":46991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis-Brown","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"dePaul, Vincent T. 0000-0002-7977-5217","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-5217","contributorId":13972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"dePaul","given":"Vincent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5004,"text":"fs13200 - 2000 - Arsenic in ground water in Sanilac County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T10:54:21","indexId":"fs13200","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"132-00","title":"Arsenic in ground water in Sanilac County, Michigan","docAbstract":"Previous studies of ground-water resources in Michigan by the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH), the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) indicate that in several counties in the southeastern part of the State the concentrations of arsenic in ground water may exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 50 micrograms per liter [µg/L]. This MCL was established in 1986. The Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended in 1996, requires USEPA to revise this standard in 2000. In June 2000, the USEPA proposed a revised MCL of 5 µg/L.
In 1996, the USGS, in cooperation with the MDEQ and the Health Departments of Genesee, Huron, Lapeer, Livingston, Oakland, Sanilac, Shiawassee, Tuscola and Washtenaw counties, began a study of the factors controlling arsenic occurrence and concentrations in ground water in southeastern Michigan. This study is one of four USGS Drinking Water Initiative projects throughout the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/fs13200","usgsCitation":"Haack, S.K., and Rachol, C.M., 2000, Arsenic in ground water in Sanilac County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 132-00, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13200.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31839,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mi.water.usgs.gov/pdf/sanilac_factsheet_1.11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0132/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Sanilac County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.6072,43.6906],[-82.6041,43.6782],[-82.6089,43.6619],[-82.6044,43.6518],[-82.603,43.6317],[-82.598,43.6201],[-82.6009,43.6029],[-82.5909,43.578],[-82.5852,43.556],[-82.5854,43.541],[-82.5767,43.527],[-82.5729,43.5169],[-82.5734,43.5087],[-82.5673,43.504],[-82.565,43.4893],[-82.556,43.4809],[-82.5536,43.4689],[-82.5526,43.463],[-82.5472,43.4578],[-82.547,43.4514],[-82.5418,43.4435],[-82.5395,43.4385],[-82.5399,43.4325],[-82.5359,43.4137],[-82.5374,43.3988],[-82.5327,43.3822],[-82.5332,43.3508],[-82.5323,43.3458],[-82.5299,43.3325],[-82.5289,43.3175],[-82.5318,43.3103],[-82.5288,43.2965],[-82.5273,43.2896],[-82.5277,43.2824],[-82.5264,43.2737],[-82.5258,43.2613],[-82.525,43.254],[-82.5226,43.2308],[-82.5169,43.2092],[-82.5134,43.2041],[-82.5101,43.1962],[-82.5095,43.1948],[-82.5079,43.1907],[-82.5058,43.1838],[-82.5025,43.175],[-82.5009,43.17],[-82.6439,43.1652],[-82.9945,43.1545],[-83.0007,43.2412],[-83.0003,43.2862],[-83.12,43.2844],[-83.1217,43.3267],[-83.1059,43.3273],[-83.1119,43.5],[-83.1152,43.5871],[-83.1184,43.675],[-83.0005,43.6788],[-82.8794,43.6815],[-82.7601,43.6854],[-82.6403,43.6893],[-82.6072,43.6906]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sanilac\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rachol, Cynthia M. 0000-0001-9984-3435 crachol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-3435","contributorId":3488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachol","given":"Cynthia","email":"crachol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28722,"text":"wri20004042 - 2000 - Hydrologic treatments affect gaseous carbon loss From organic soils, Twitchell Island, California, October 1995–December 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T19:41:28.910631","indexId":"wri20004042","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4042","title":"Hydrologic treatments affect gaseous carbon loss From organic soils, Twitchell Island, California, October 1995–December 1997","docAbstract":"Subsidence of organic soils in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, has increased the potential for levee failure and flooding in the region. Because oxidation of the peat soils is a primary cause of subsidence, reversion of affected lands to wetlands has been proposed as a mitigation tool. To test this hypothesis, three 10 x 10 meter enclosures were built on Twitchell Island in the Delta and managed as different wetland habitats. Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane were measured in situ from October 1995 through December 1997, from the systems that developed under the different water-management treatments. Treatments included a seasonal control (SC) under current island management conditions; reverse flooding (RF), where the land is intentionally flooded from early dry season until midsummer; permanent shallow flooding (F); and a more deeply flooded, open-water (OW) treatment. Hydrologic treatments affected microbial processes, plant community and temperature dynamics which, in turn, affected carbon cycling. Water-management treatments with a period of flooding significantly decreased gaseous carbon emissions compared to the seasonal control. Permanent flooding treatments showed significantly higher methane fluxes than treatments with some period of aerobic conditions. Shallow flooding treatments created conditions that support cattail [Typha species (spp.)] marshes, while deep flooding precluded emergent vegetation. Carbon inputs to the permanent shallow flooding treatment tended to be greater than the measured losses. This suggests that permanent shallow flooding has the greatest potential for managing subsidence of these soils by generating organic substrate more rapidly than is lost through decomposition. Carbon input estimates of plant biomass compared to measurements of gaseous carbon losses indicate the potential for mitigation of subsidence through hydrologic management of the organic soils in the area.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20004042","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., Hastings, L., and Fujii, R., 2000, Hydrologic treatments affect gaseous carbon loss From organic soils, Twitchell Island, California, October 1995–December 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4042, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004042.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","temporalStart":"1995-10-01","temporalEnd":"1997-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394606,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26216.htm"},{"id":11194,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/wri004042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Twitchell Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6930,\n 38.0830\n ],\n [\n -121.622,\n 38.0830\n ],\n [\n -121.622,\n 38.118\n ],\n [\n -121.6930,\n 38.118\n ],\n [\n -121.6930,\n 38.0830\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robin L. romiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin L.","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hastings, Lauren","contributorId":55479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"Lauren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":200288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28052,"text":"wri004037 - 2000 - Depositional environment, stratigraphy, and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois confining unit in the Fristoe Unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T19:39:30.522613","indexId":"wri004037","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4037","title":"Depositional environment, stratigraphy, and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois confining unit in the Fristoe Unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004037","usgsCitation":"Kleeschulte, M.J., and Seeger, C.M., 2000, Depositional environment, stratigraphy, and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois confining unit in the Fristoe Unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4037, iv, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004037.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395169,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26218.htm"},{"id":157979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4037/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95693,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4037/report.pdf","size":"8168","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Fristoe Unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, St. Francois confining unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.433,\n 36.792\n ],\n [\n -91.217,\n 36.792\n ],\n [\n -91.217,\n 37.042\n ],\n [\n -91.433,\n 37.042\n ],\n [\n -91.433,\n 36.792\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e94f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleeschulte, Michael J.","contributorId":75891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seeger, Cheryl M.","contributorId":63848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeger","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29825,"text":"wri004045 - 2000 - Sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Puerto Rico, October 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri004045","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4045","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Puerto Rico, October 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004045","usgsCitation":"Soler-Lopez, L.R., Webb, R., and Carrasquillo-Nieves, R.A., 2000, Sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Puerto Rico, October 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4045, v, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004045.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95794,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4045/report.pdf","size":"1619","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95795,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4045/plate-1.pdf","size":"1184","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95796,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4045/plate-2.pdf","size":"1267","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95797,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4045/plate-3.pdf","size":"844","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4045/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Richard M. T. 0000-0001-9531-2207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207","contributorId":35772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Richard M. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrasquillo-Nieves, Ramon A.","contributorId":99595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrasquillo-Nieves","given":"Ramon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25672,"text":"wri994281 - 2000 - Modeling hydrodynamics and water quality in Herrington Lake, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:54:46.910062","indexId":"wri994281","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4281","title":"Modeling hydrodynamics and water quality in Herrington Lake, Kentucky","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994281","usgsCitation":"Crain, A.S., Shipp, A.A., Mesko, T.O., and Jarrett, G., 2000, Modeling hydrodynamics and water quality in Herrington Lake, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4281, vi, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994281.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p.","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54441,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4281/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4281/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Herrington Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.77737426757812,\n 37.621845878167704\n ],\n [\n -84.60983276367186,\n 37.621845878167704\n ],\n [\n -84.60983276367186,\n 37.808698976006795\n ],\n [\n -84.77737426757812,\n 37.808698976006795\n ],\n [\n -84.77737426757812,\n 37.621845878167704\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699929","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crain, Angela S. 0000-0003-0969-6238 ascrain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-6238","contributorId":3090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crain","given":"Angela","email":"ascrain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shipp, Allison A. 0000-0003-2927-8893 aashipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-8893","contributorId":338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipp","given":"Allison","email":"aashipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mesko, Thomas O.","contributorId":81498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesko","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarrett, G. L.","contributorId":83963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"G. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":24640,"text":"ofr00181 - 2000 - Archaeological analogues for assessing the long-term performance of a mined geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"ofr00181","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-181","title":"Archaeological analogues for assessing the long-term performance of a mined geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00181","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J.S., 2000, Archaeological analogues for assessing the long-term performance of a mined geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-181, iii, 27 p. :col. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00181.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p. :col. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0181/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53680,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26459,"text":"wri994285 - 2000 - Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at a karst site in middle Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri994285","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4285","title":"Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at a karst site in middle Tennessee","docAbstract":"This report presents results of field and laboratory investigations examining the biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in a karst aquifer contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE). The study site, located in Middle Tennessee, was selected because of the presence of TCE degradation byproducts in the karst aquifer and available site hydrologic and chlorinated-ethene information. Additional chemical, biological, and hydrologic data were gathered to evaluate whether the occurrence of TCE degradation byproducts in the karst aquifer was the result of biodegradation within the aquifer or simply transport into the aquifer. Geochemical analysis established that sulfate-reducing conditions, essential for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents, existed in parts of the contaminated karst aquifer. Other areas of the aquifer fluctuated between anaerobic and aerobic conditions and contained compounds associated with cometabolism, such as ethane, methane, ammonia, and dissolved oxygen. A large, diverse bacteria population inhabits the contaminated aquifer. Bacteria known to biodegrade TCE and other chlorinated solvents, such as sulfate-reducers, methanotrophs, and ammonia-oxidizers, were identified from karst-aquifer water using the RNA-hybridization technique. Results from microcosms using raw karst-aquifer water found that aerobic cometabolism and anaerobic reductive-dechlorination degradation processes were possible when appropriate conditions were established in the microcosms. These chemical and biological results provide circumstantial evidence that several biodegradation processes are active in the aquifer. Additional site hydrologic information was developed to determine if appropriate conditions persist long enough in the karst aquifer for these biodegradation processes to be significant. Continuous monitoring devices placed in four wells during the spring of 1998 indicated that pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and oxidation-reduction potentials changed very little in areas isolated from active ground-water flow paths. These stable areas in the karst aquifer had geochemical conditions and bacteria conducive to reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes. Other areas of the karst aquifer were associated with active ground-water flow paths and fluctuated between anaerobic and aerobic conditions in response to rain events. Associated with this dynamic environment were bacteria and geochemical conditions conducive to cometabolism. In summary, multiple lines of evidence developed from chemical, biological, and hydrologic data demonstrate that a variety of biodegradation processes are active in this karst aquifer. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994285","usgsCitation":"Byl, T., and Williams, S.D., 2000, Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at a karst site in middle Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4285, vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994285.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2069,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994285","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4285.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d1300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byl, Thomas Duane","contributorId":65491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"Thomas Duane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Shannon D. swilliam@usgs.gov","contributorId":4133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Shannon","email":"swilliam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30262,"text":"wri994265 - 2000 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near West Point, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri994265","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4265","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near West Point, Kentucky","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994265","usgsCitation":"Unthank, M.D., and Nelson, H., 2000, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near West Point, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4265, v, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994265.","productDescription":"v, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4265/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59050,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4265/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6252e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unthank, Michael D. 0000-0003-2483-0431 munthank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-0431","contributorId":3902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"Michael","email":"munthank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":13663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5415,"text":"fs15600 - 2000 - Water produced with coal-bed methane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T12:30:47","indexId":"fs15600","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"156-00","title":"Water produced with coal-bed methane","docAbstract":"Natural gas produced from coal beds (coal-bed methane, CBM) accounts for about 7.5 percent of the total natural gas production in the United States. Along with this gas, water is also brought to the surface. The amount of water produced from most CBM wells is relatively high compared to conventional natural gas wells because coal beds contain many fractures and pores that can contain and transmit large volumes of water. In some areas, coal beds may function as regional or local aquifers and important sources for ground water. The water in coal beds contributes to pressure in the reservoir that keeps methane gas adsorbed to the surface of the coal. This water must be removed by pumping in order to lower the pressure in the reservoir and stimulate desorption of methane from the coal (fi g. 1). Over time, volumes of pumped water typically decrease and the production of gas increases as coal beds near the well bore are dewatered.
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