In 1997, the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) and the City of Rochester began a cooperative program to study the presence of pesticides (herbicides and insecticides) that occur at trace levels in Hemlock and Canadice Lakes and their tributaries. The most frequently detected pesticides in streamflow and lake-water samples were herbicides commonly used in agriculture — atrazine, metolachlor, and simazine. None of the concentrations of these compounds in the samples exceeded Federal or State water-quality standards. Differences in the concentrations among stream samples can be attributed to land use and streamflow, and the timing of rainfall in relation to herbicide application.
The north (lower) end of Hemlock Lake can receive pesticides in agricultural runoff from northern parts of its watershed and Canadice Creek. These pesticide inputs bypass most of the lake and could periodically affect the water quality periodically affect the water quality at the City of Rochester intake. Pesticide concentrations in samples from the intake during this study, however, were about 100 times less than current Federal and State standards for drinking water.
Residues of DDT, dieldrin, and mirex are present in low concentrations in the bottom sediments of both lakes, but none were detected in water samples. The use of these insecticides was banned in 1972,and their persistence in the lakebed sediments is probably due to erosion of contaminated soils from agricultural lands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994271","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Rochester","usgsCitation":"Eckhardt, D.A., and Burke, S., 2000, Pesticide residues in Hemlock and Canadice Lakes and their tributaries in western New York, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4271, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994271.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395558,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26600.htm"},{"id":2027,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4271/wri19994271.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1999-4271"},{"id":158375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4271/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hemlock and Canadice Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.640380859375,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -77.54974365234375,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -77.54974365234375,\n 42.81353658623225\n ],\n [\n -77.640380859375,\n 42.81353658623225\n ],\n [\n -77.640380859375,\n 42.577354839557856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
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425 Jordan Rd
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(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99583","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.G., Rytuba, J.J., Binger, G.B., and Hooper, P.R., 2000, Preliminary geologic map of the Star Creek Reservoir quadrangle, Malheur County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-583, Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 38.24 × 32.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99583.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 38.24 × 32.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109908,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23452.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23452"},{"id":59689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0583/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59688,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0583/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0583/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Malheur County","otherGeospatial":"Star Creek Reservoir quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -117.875,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -117.875,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 43.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, James G. jevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":2396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"jevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Binger, G. Benjamin","contributorId":86820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hooper, P. R.","contributorId":65884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31136,"text":"ofr99538 - 2000 - Reconnaissance bedrock geologic map of the Red House, Madisonville, Aspen, and Charlotte Court House 7.5-minute quadrangles, Charlotte, Prince Edward, Appomattox, Campbell, and Halifax counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"ofr99538","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-538","title":"Reconnaissance bedrock geologic map of the Red House, Madisonville, Aspen, and Charlotte Court House 7.5-minute quadrangles, Charlotte, Prince Edward, Appomattox, Campbell, and Halifax counties, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr99538","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.E., Marr, J.D., and Olinger, K.E., 2000, Reconnaissance bedrock geologic map of the Red House, Madisonville, Aspen, and Charlotte Court House 7.5-minute quadrangles, Charlotte, Prince Edward, Appomattox, Campbell, and Halifax counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-538, 1 map :photocopy ;59 x 47 cm., on sheet 75 x 58 cm. +1 pamphlet (19 leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99538.","productDescription":"1 map :photocopy ;59 x 47 cm., on sheet 75 x 58 cm. +1 pamphlet (19 leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0538/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59685,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0538/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59686,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0538/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6446a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Arthur E.","contributorId":6035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marr, John D. Jr.","contributorId":23593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marr","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olinger, Keith E.","contributorId":15249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olinger","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30782,"text":"cir1204 - 2000 - Water quality in the Kanawha-New River basin: West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-17T22:51:15.201329","indexId":"cir1204","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1204","title":"Water quality in the Kanawha-New River basin: West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina, 1996-98","docAbstract":"This report summarizes major findings about water quality in the Kanawha-New River basin that emerged from an assessment conducted between 1996 and 1998 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Water quality is discussed in terms of local and regional issues and compared to conditions found in all 36 NAWQA study areas assessed to date. Findings also are explained in the context of selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality and the protection of aquatic organisms.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1204","usgsCitation":"Paybins, K.S., Messinger, T., Eychaner, J.H., Chambers, D., and Kozar, M.D., 2000, Water quality in the Kanawha-New River basin: West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1204, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1204.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1204.jpg"},{"id":2605,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":391838,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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tmessing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-9298","contributorId":2717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messinger","given":"Terence","email":"tmessing@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eychaner, James H.","contributorId":102050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eychaner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31153,"text":"ofr00192 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Christian quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T19:36:55.058773","indexId":"ofr00192","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-192","title":"Geologic map of the Christian quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"Most of the Christian quadrangle is in the Porcupine Plateau; the northwestern part is in the southern Brooks Range, and the southern quarter is in the Yukon Flats. Outcrops of bedrock are poor or lacking, except in the Brooks Range. Although large valley glaciers have moved through the Porcupine Plateau, along the East Fork Chandalar and Vanticlese Creek, most of the upland areas in the Porcupine Plateau have not been eroded by ice. Consequently the rocks are deeply weathered and many outcrops in the low hills east of the East Fork are only soil and rubble. The southern quarter of the quadrangle in the Yukon Flats is covered with unconsolidated glacial and alluvial deposits. The Christian quadrangle is at the east end of the southern Brooks Range schist belt. Here three geologic terranes that originate well south of the Brooks Range intersect the subterranes of the southern Brooks Range along northward-directed thrust faults and northeast-striking strike slip faults. The displaced terranes from the south have been mapped by Jones and others (1987), as the schist of the Ruby terrane, the mafic rocks and phyllite of the Tozitna terrane, and the graywacke of the Venetie terrane. The typical rocks of the southern Brooks Range Arctic Alaska terrane at this intersection are the carbonate and clastic rocks of the Hammond subterrane, and the schist of the Coldfoot subterrane. The Coldfoot schist ends at a probable strike-slip fault about 10 miles west of the Christian quadrangle. At that place the mafic rocks and phyllites of the Angayucham terrane that form the south flank of most of the Brooks Range veer sharply northeastward across the Coldfoot subterrane schist and terminate it. A small fragment of the Endicott Mountains subterrane of the Arctic Alaska terrane also lies within the Christian quadrangle, but the main body of this subterrane lies north of the quadrangle.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00192","usgsCitation":"Brosge, W., and Reiser, H.N., 2000, Geologic map of the Christian quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-192, Pamphlet: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 44.39 x 24.31 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00192.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 44.39 x 24.31 inches; Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00192.gif"},{"id":285899,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0192/"},{"id":397739,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34070.htm"},{"id":281538,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0192/pdf/of00-192pamp.pdf"},{"id":281537,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0192/csgeol_meta.txt"},{"id":281536,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0192/pdf/of00-192_s1_v1.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 6","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Christian quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 67\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ae4b07f02db69cb65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiser, H. N.","contributorId":13199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24821,"text":"ofr00190 - 2000 - Proposal and work plan to calibrate and verify a water-quality model to simulate effects of wastewater discharges to the Red River of the North at drought streamflow near Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T16:39:45","indexId":"ofr00190","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-190","title":"Proposal and work plan to calibrate and verify a water-quality model to simulate effects of wastewater discharges to the Red River of the North at drought streamflow near Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota","docAbstract":"This report presents a proposal for conducting a water-quality modeling study at drought streamflow, a detailed comprehensive plan for collecting the data, and an annual drought-formation monitoring plan. A 30.8 mile reach of the Red River of the North receives treated wastewater from plants at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota, and streamflow from the Sheyenne River. The water-quality modeling study will evaluate the effects of continuous treated-wastewater discharges to the study reach at drought streamflow. The study will define hydraulic characteristics and reaeration and selected reaction coefficients and will calibrate and verity a model.
The study includes collecting synoptic water-quality samples for various types of analyses at a number of sites in the study reach. Dye and gas samples will be collected for traveltime and reaeration measurements. Using the Lagrangian reference frame, synoptic water-quality samples will be collected for analysis of nutrients, chlorophyll a, alkalinity, and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand. Field measurements will be made of specific conductance, pH, air and water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and sediment oxygen demand. Two sets of water-quality data will be collected. One data set will be used to calibrate the model, and the other data set will be used to verity the model.
The DAFLOW/BLTM models will be used to evaluate the effects of the treated wastewater on the water quality of the river. The model will simulate specific conductance, temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen (organic, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate), total orthophosphorus, total phosphorus, and phytoplankton as chlorophyll a.
The work plan identifies and discusses the work elements needed for accomplishing the data collection for the study. The work elements specify who will provide personnel, vehicles, instruments, and supplies needed during data collection. The work plan contains instructions for data collection; inventory lists of needed personnel, vehicles, instruments, and supplies; and examples of computations for determining quantities of tracer to be injected into the stream. The work plan also contains an annual drought-formation monitoring plan that includes a 9-month time line that specifies when essential planning actions must occur before actual project start up.
Drought streamflows are rare. The annual drought-formation monitoring plan is presented to assist project planning by providing early warning that conditions are favorable to produce drought streamflow. The plan to monitor drought-forming conditions discusses the drought indices to be monitored. To establish a baseline, historic values for some of the drought indices for selected years were reviewed. An annual review of the drought indices is recommended.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00190","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wesolowski, E.A., 2000, Proposal and work plan to calibrate and verify a water-quality model to simulate effects of wastewater discharges to the Red River of the North at drought streamflow near Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-190, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00190.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0190/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53829,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0190/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesolowski, Edwin A.","contributorId":14014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesolowski","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24963,"text":"ofr00182 - 2000 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group; determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T18:10:08","indexId":"ofr00182","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-182","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group; determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Analytical methods using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) were developed for the analysis of the following chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water: acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA), acetochlor oxanilic acid (OXA), alachlor ESA, alachlor OXA, metolachlor ESA, and metolachlor OXA. Good precision and accuracy were demonstrated for both the HPLC-DAD and HPLC/MS methods in reagent water, surface water, and ground water. The mean HPLC-DAD recoveries of the chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites from water samples spiked at 0.25, 0.50, and 2.0 mg/L (micrograms per liter) ranged from 84 to 112 percent, with relative standard deviations of 18 percent or less. The mean HPLC/MS recoveries of the metabolites from water samples spiked at 0.05, 0.20, and 2.0 mg/L ranged from 81 to 125 percent, with relative standard deviations of 20 percent or less. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all metabolites using the HPLC-DAD method was 0.20 mg/L, whereas the LOQ using the HPLC/MS method was 0.05 mg/L. These metabolite-determination methods are valuable for acquiring information about water quality and the fate and transport of the parent chloroacetanilide herbicides in water. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00182","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, L., Hostetler, K., and Thurman, E., 2000, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group; determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-182, vi, 30 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00182.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53933,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1927,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, K.A.","contributorId":29855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29825,"text":"wri004045 - 2000 - Sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Puerto Rico, October 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri004045","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4045","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Puerto Rico, October 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004045","usgsCitation":"Soler-Lopez, L.R., Webb, R., and Carrasquillo-Nieves, R.A., 2000, Sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Puerto Rico, October 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4045, v, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004045.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95794,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4045/report.pdf","size":"1619","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95795,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4045/plate-1.pdf","size":"1184","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95796,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4045/plate-2.pdf","size":"1267","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95797,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4045/plate-3.pdf","size":"844","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4045/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Richard M. T. 0000-0001-9531-2207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207","contributorId":35772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Richard M. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrasquillo-Nieves, Ramon A.","contributorId":99595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrasquillo-Nieves","given":"Ramon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30101,"text":"wri004043 - 2000 - Analysis of nitrate and volatile organic compound data for ground water in the Great Salt Lake Basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, 1980-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T16:00:13","indexId":"wri004043","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4043","title":"Analysis of nitrate and volatile organic compound data for ground water in the Great Salt Lake Basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, 1980-98","docAbstract":"In 1995, ground water was the source of drinking water to about 52 percent of the population served by public drinking water systems in the Great Salt Lake Basins study unit, which includes parts of Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming. Existing nitrate and volatile organic compound data for ground water collected in the study unit were compiled and summarized as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program’s objective to describe water-quality conditions in the Nation’s aquifers. Prerequisites for the inclusion of nitrate and volatile organic compound data into this retrospective analysis are that the data set is available in electronic form, the data were collected during 1980-98, the data set is somewhat regional in coverage, and the locations of the sampled sites are known. Ground-water data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System and the Idaho and Utah Public Drinking Water Systems databases were reviewed. Only the most recent analysis was included in the data sets if more than one analysis was available for a site.
The National Water Information System data set contained nitrate analyses for water from 480 wells. The median concentration of nitrate was 1.30 milligrams per liter for the 388 values above minimum reporting limits. The maximum contaminant level for nitrate as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was exceeded in water from 10 of the 200 wells less than or equal to 150 feet deep and in water from 3 of 280 wells greater than 150 feet deep. The Public Drinking Water Systems data set contained nitrate analyses for water from 587 wells. The median concentration of nitrate was 1.12 milligrams per liter for the 548 values above minimum reporting limits. The maximum contaminant level for nitrate was exceeded at 1 site and 22 sites had concentrations equal to or greater than 5 milligrams per liter.
The types of land use surrounding a well and the well depth were related to measured nitrate concentrations in the sampled ground water. Overall, water sampled from wells in rangeland areas had a lower median measured nitrate concentration (0.76 milligrams per liter) than water from areas with an agricultural or urban/residential land use (1.41 and 1.20 milligrams per liter, respectively). In the National Water Information System data set, the median measured nitrate concentration in water from urban/residential areas varied from 1.00 milligrams per liter for wells greater than 150 feet deep to 1.84 milligrams per liter for wells less than or equal to 150 feet deep.
The Public Drinking Water Systems and the National Water Information System data sets contained analyses for most of the State and Federally regulated volatile organic compounds in water from about 368 and 74 wells, respectively. Fifteen different volatile organic compounds were detected at least once in ground water sampled from the Great Salt Lake Basins study unit. Water from 21 wells contained at least 1 volatile organic compound at detectable concentrations. About 68 percent of the volatile organic compounds detected were in water sampled from wells in Salt Lake County, Utah. Tetrachloroethylene was the most commonly detected volatile organic compound in ground water sampled from the study unit, present in 8 out of 442 samples. Maximum contaminant levels for tetrachloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were exceeded in water from one well each.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri004043","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., 2000, Analysis of nitrate and volatile organic compound data for ground water in the Great Salt Lake Basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, 1980-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4043, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004043.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004043/pdf/WRIR004043.pdf","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2374,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho,Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -111.87377929687499,\n 39.64799732373418\n ],\n [\n -111.324462890625,\n 40.019201307686785\n ],\n [\n -111.302490234375,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -110.50048828124999,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -110.55541992187499,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -111.77490234375,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -112.412109375,\n 42.431565872579185\n ],\n [\n -112.510986328125,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -112.43408203124999,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -112.12646484375,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6804f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30019,"text":"wri994275 - 2000 - Nutrients and Suspended Solids in Surface Waters of the Upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 1978-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:08","indexId":"wri994275","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4275","title":"Nutrients and Suspended Solids in Surface Waters of the Upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 1978-97","docAbstract":"A retrospective analysis of selected data on nutrients and suspended solids in surface waters of the upper Illinois River Basin was done as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Approximately 91 percent of the upper Illinois River Basin is drained by three principal rivers: the Kankakee (and its major tributary, the Iroquois), the Des Plaines, and the Fox. The data analyzed were collected by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA), which operates 39 monitoring sites in the study area as part of its Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network, and included analyses for total ammonia nitrogen, total nitriteplus- nitrate nitrogen, total ammonia-plus-organic (total Kjeldahl) nitrogen, dissolved and total phosphorus, and total suspended solids and volatile solids. Nutrient and suspended-sediment data collected by the USGS as part of the upper Illinois River Basin NAWQA pilot study from 1987-90 were compared to IEPA data. For the 1978-97 period, in general, nutrient concentrations, with the exception of nitrate, were highest at streams in the urban areas of the Des Plaines River Basin. Streams in the Kankakee and Fox River Basins generally had lower concentrations, although the data indicate that concentrations increased in a downstream direction in these basins. These spatial patterns in nutrient concentrations correspond closely with land use in the respective basins. The elevated concentrations of ammonia and phosphorus in the urbanized Des Plaines River Basin, with respect to other sites in the study area, indicate that municipal- and industrial- waste discharges into streams of the basin increase concentrations of these nutrients in the receiving streams. In contrast, nitrate concentrations were highest in agricultural areas. Relatively large ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus and nitrate to ammonia are characteristic of agricultural drainage. On the other hand, urban tributaries were characterized by smaller ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus and nitrate to ammonia. The apparent, but nonuniform, correspondence of nutrient concentrations to urban and agricultural land use in the upper Illinois River Basin was generally consistent with findings in other river basins. A seasonal pattern of nutrient concentrations characterized by high concentrations in the winter months, depletion during the spring and summer, and minimum levels in the late summer or early fall was observed in some of the data from the upper Illinois River Basin. Monthly median concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen were at minimum levels from July through October, whereas phosphorus concentrations did not display a strong seasonal trend. The net result of nutrient inputs and transport through the river system were elevated nutrient concentrations at the most-downstream site in the study area on the Illinois River. At this site, the median concentrations of nitrate, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate were among the highest in the Mississippi River Basin, and the concentration of ammonia was the highest. Suspended-solids concentrations do not indicate any particularly strong spatial patterns among major river basins in the study area. Instead, higher suspended-solids concentrations are observed at sites draining areas of low-permeability, easily eroded soils in agricultural and urban areas alike. Seasonal variation of suspended solids were consistent at sites across the study area. In general, suspended- solids concentrations were highest in the summer and lowest in the winter. The increase during the summer can be attributed to higher streamflow and the associated increase in runoff and transport, as well as increased phytoplankton growth. Because of the high nutrient concentrations in the upper Illinois River Basin, annual loads and yields also were relatively large; however, yields of phosphorus from the Fox and Kankakee River Basins were not unusually high. The ma","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri994275","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., 2000, Nutrients and Suspended Solids in Surface Waters of the Upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 1978-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4275, vii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994275.","productDescription":"vii, 57 p.","temporalStart":"1978-01-01","temporalEnd":"1997-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10622,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/nawqa/uirb/pubs/reports/WRIR_99-4275.pdf","size":"2589","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4275/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58824,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4275/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.25,40 ], [ -89.25,43.25 ], [ -85.75,43.25 ], [ -85.75,40 ], [ -89.25,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69671b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Daniel J. 0000-0003-2705-3738 djsulliv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-3738","contributorId":1703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Daniel","email":"djsulliv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":202542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29823,"text":"wri004044 - 2000 - Sedimentation survey of Lago Guajataca, Puerto Rico, January 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri004044","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4044","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago Guajataca, Puerto Rico, January 1999","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004044","usgsCitation":"Soler-Lopez, L.R., Webb, R., and Carrasquillo-Nieves, R.A., 2000, Sedimentation survey of Lago Guajataca, Puerto Rico, January 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4044, v, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004044.","productDescription":"v, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95792,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4044/report.pdf","size":"1654","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95793,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4044/plate-1.pdf","size":"425","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4044/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Richard M. T. 0000-0001-9531-2207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207","contributorId":35772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Richard M. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrasquillo-Nieves, Ramon A.","contributorId":99595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrasquillo-Nieves","given":"Ramon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25670,"text":"wri994283 - 2000 - Methods of rating unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics of public water supplies in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T11:52:37","indexId":"wri994283","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4283","title":"Methods of rating unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics of public water supplies in North Carolina","docAbstract":"Overlay and index methods were derived for rating the unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics for use by the State of North Carolina in assessing more than 11,000 public water-supply wells and approximately 245 public surface-water intakes. The rating of the unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics represents a practical and effective means of assessing part of the inherent vulnerability of water supplies to potential contamination. Factors that influence the inherent vulnerability of the drinking water supply to potential contamination were selected and assigned ratings (on a scale of 1 to 10) to cover the possible range of values in North Carolina. These factors were assigned weights of 1, 2, or 3 to reflect their relative influence on the inherent vulnerability of the drinking water supply. The factor values were obtained from Geographic Information System data layers, and were transformed into grids having 60-meter by 60-meter cells, with each cell being assigned a value.\r\n\r\nIdentification of factors, the development of ratings for each, and assignment of weights were based on (1) a literature search, which included examination of potential factors and their effects on the drinking water; and (2) consultation with experts in the science and engineering of hydrology, geology, forestry, agriculture, and water management.\r\n\r\nFactors selected for rating the inherent vulnerability of the unsaturated zone are vertical hydraulic conductance, land-surface slope, land cover, and land use. Vertical hydraulic conductance is a measure of the capacity of unsaturated material to transmit water. Land-surface slope influences whether precipitation runs off land surfaces or infiltrates into the subsurface. Land cover, the physical overlay of the land surface, influences the amount of precipitation that becomes overland flow or infiltrates into the subsurface. Land use describes activities that occur on the land surface and influence the potential generation of nonpoint-source contamination.\r\n\r\nFactors selected for rating the watershed characteristics upstream from surface-water intakes are average annual precipitation, land-surface slope, land cover, land use, and ground-water contribution. The average annual precipitation represents the mass of water that becomes available for transport in a watershed. Land-surface slope, land cover, and land use have similar influences in watersheds as those identified for the unsaturated zone. Ground-water contribution represents the part of streamflow that is derived from ground-water discharge.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994283","usgsCitation":"Eimers, J., Weaver, J., Terziotti, S., and Midgette, R., 2000, Methods of rating unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics of public water supplies in North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4283, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994283.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1957,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bfe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eimers, Jo Leslie","contributorId":52946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eimers","given":"Jo Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, J.C.","contributorId":50561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Midgette, R.W.","contributorId":44955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midgette","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":65225,"text":"i2605 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Proterozoic rocks of the central Front Range, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T18:34:07.385716","indexId":"i2605","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2605","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic map of the Proterozoic rocks of the central Front Range, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Bailey Denver West, CO","doi":"10.3133/i2605","usgsCitation":"Gable, D., 2000, Geologic map of the Proterozoic rocks of the central Front Range, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2605, 1 Plate: 35.85 × 38.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2605.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.85 × 38.94 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408811,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2605/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":109870,"rank":698,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22645.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22645"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Front Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.02,\n 39.375\n ],\n [\n -105.02,\n 40.167\n ],\n [\n -105.875,\n 40.167\n ],\n [\n -105.875,\n 39.375\n ],\n [\n -105.02,\n 39.375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b41e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gable, Dolores J.","contributorId":18457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gable","given":"Dolores J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30157,"text":"wri994268 - 2000 - Flow and salinity characteristics of the upper Suwannee River Estuary, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri994268","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4268","title":"Flow and salinity characteristics of the upper Suwannee River Estuary, Florida","docAbstract":"Continuous stage and salinity data were recorded from August 1995 to December 1997 at four gages located in the upper Suwannee River Estuary. Continuous velocity data were recorded at two of the four gages and continuous discharge data were computed for these two gages. Additional salinity data were collected at 15 monitoring sites from November 1992 to October 1997. Wind-speed data collected at Cedar Key, Florida, during the study period were utilized in the regression analysis. Correlations were developed to describe the longitudinal extent of the saltwater/freshwater interface (defined as 0.5 parts per thousand (ppt) salinity) and salinity distribution in the upper Suwannee River Estuary. On East Pass, the median of difference between daily maximum and daily minimum stage ranged from 2.92 feet for a gage at river mile 3.8 to 3.33 feet for a gage at river mile 1.2. Velocities tended to be unidirectional with some instances of bilateral flow. Reversal in flow direction was common and coincided with rising tides. Monthly mean discharges for the Suwannee River near Wilcox, Florida, during the study period typically were lower than the average for the period of record (1931.97). Discharge near Wilcox averaged 4,000 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) lower than the long-term average from June to September 1996. An El Ni?o event induced precipitation that was responsible for higher than average monthly mean discharge measured near Wilcox during November and December 1997. The maximum observed salinity concentrations for the study period ranged from 28.20 ppt at river mile 3.8 to 31.00 ppt at river mile 1.9. Median daily fluctuations of salinity at river miles 3.8 and 1.2 were 0.12 and 11.31 ppt, respectively. The maximum daily upstream extent of the saltwater/freshwater interface was at or upstream from river mile 4.0 for about 50 percent of the study period. The interface was at or upstream from river mile 3.8 and river mile 2.8 40 and 57 percent of the time. The interface was downstream from river mile 1.2 and river mile 1.9 11 and 21 percent of the time, respectively. The median daily maximum salinity for the four gages ranged from 0.22 ppt at river mile 3.8 to 11.50 ppt at river mile 1.2. Multiple linear-regression models were developed to determine the isohaline location for 0.5, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppt salinity, and to predict the maximum daily salinity concentrations at gages as a function of stage, river discharge, and wind. The salinity at a location was inversely proportional to the daily mean discharge at the Suwannee River near Wilcox. Under extreme low-flow conditions (3,500 ft3/s), the regression models predicted that the interface would occur at river mile 7.2, upstream from the Gopher River confluence with the Suwannee River. Wind speed did not have a substantial influence on model predictions. The period of record for the Suwannee River at Wilcox was applied to appropriate regression models to produce a synthetic record of historical salinity distributions. Two withdrawal scenarios, a 10-percent diversion and a 1,000 ft3/s diversion, were evaluated relative to high-, medium-, and low-flow conditions and compared to actual salinity distributions. The 10-percent and 1,000 ft3/s withdrawals scenarios resulted in the isohaline of 0.5 ppt migrating 0.6 and 1.58 miles upstream from the actual isohaline location for a low-flow condition of 4,500 ft3/s, and migrating 0.14 and 0.65 miles upstream from the actual isohaline location for a high-flow conditions of 20,300 ft3/s for Wadley Pass.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor].,","doi":"10.3133/wri994268","usgsCitation":"Tillis, G.M., 2000, Flow and salinity characteristics of the upper Suwannee River Estuary, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4268, vi, 40 p. : b ill. (some col.), col. maps, charts ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994268.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p. : b ill. (some col.), col. maps, charts ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2398,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994268","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4883e4b07f02db517762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillis, Gina M.","contributorId":92302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillis","given":"Gina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5415,"text":"fs15600 - 2000 - Water produced with coal-bed methane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T12:30:47","indexId":"fs15600","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"156-00","title":"Water produced with coal-bed methane","docAbstract":"Natural gas produced from coal beds (coal-bed methane, CBM) accounts for about 7.5 percent of the total natural gas production in the United States. Along with this gas, water is also brought to the surface. The amount of water produced from most CBM wells is relatively high compared to conventional natural gas wells because coal beds contain many fractures and pores that can contain and transmit large volumes of water. In some areas, coal beds may function as regional or local aquifers and important sources for ground water. The water in coal beds contributes to pressure in the reservoir that keeps methane gas adsorbed to the surface of the coal. This water must be removed by pumping in order to lower the pressure in the reservoir and stimulate desorption of methane from the coal (fi g. 1). Over time, volumes of pumped water typically decrease and the production of gas increases as coal beds near the well bore are dewatered.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs15600","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Water produced with coal-bed methane: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 156-00, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15600.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32047,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":555,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0156-00/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26459,"text":"wri994285 - 2000 - Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at a karst site in middle Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri994285","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4285","title":"Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at a karst site in middle Tennessee","docAbstract":"This report presents results of field and laboratory investigations examining the biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in a karst aquifer contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE). The study site, located in Middle Tennessee, was selected because of the presence of TCE degradation byproducts in the karst aquifer and available site hydrologic and chlorinated-ethene information. Additional chemical, biological, and hydrologic data were gathered to evaluate whether the occurrence of TCE degradation byproducts in the karst aquifer was the result of biodegradation within the aquifer or simply transport into the aquifer. Geochemical analysis established that sulfate-reducing conditions, essential for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents, existed in parts of the contaminated karst aquifer. Other areas of the aquifer fluctuated between anaerobic and aerobic conditions and contained compounds associated with cometabolism, such as ethane, methane, ammonia, and dissolved oxygen. A large, diverse bacteria population inhabits the contaminated aquifer. Bacteria known to biodegrade TCE and other chlorinated solvents, such as sulfate-reducers, methanotrophs, and ammonia-oxidizers, were identified from karst-aquifer water using the RNA-hybridization technique. Results from microcosms using raw karst-aquifer water found that aerobic cometabolism and anaerobic reductive-dechlorination degradation processes were possible when appropriate conditions were established in the microcosms. These chemical and biological results provide circumstantial evidence that several biodegradation processes are active in the aquifer. Additional site hydrologic information was developed to determine if appropriate conditions persist long enough in the karst aquifer for these biodegradation processes to be significant. Continuous monitoring devices placed in four wells during the spring of 1998 indicated that pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and oxidation-reduction potentials changed very little in areas isolated from active ground-water flow paths. These stable areas in the karst aquifer had geochemical conditions and bacteria conducive to reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes. Other areas of the karst aquifer were associated with active ground-water flow paths and fluctuated between anaerobic and aerobic conditions in response to rain events. Associated with this dynamic environment were bacteria and geochemical conditions conducive to cometabolism. In summary, multiple lines of evidence developed from chemical, biological, and hydrologic data demonstrate that a variety of biodegradation processes are active in this karst aquifer. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994285","usgsCitation":"Byl, T., and Williams, S.D., 2000, Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at a karst site in middle Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4285, vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994285.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2069,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994285","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4285.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d1300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byl, Thomas Duane","contributorId":65491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"Thomas Duane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Shannon D. swilliam@usgs.gov","contributorId":4133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Shannon","email":"swilliam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30576,"text":"wri004054 - 2000 - Reconnaissance of hydrology and water quality of Lake Susupe, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"wri004054","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4054","title":"Reconnaissance of hydrology and water quality of Lake Susupe, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 1990","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004054","usgsCitation":"Wong, M.F., and Hill, B.R., 2000, Reconnaissance of hydrology and water quality of Lake Susupe, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4054, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004054.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95849,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4054/report.pdf","size":"4647","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4054/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b08e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Michael F.","contributorId":43815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Barry R.","contributorId":57494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22619,"text":"ofr99453 - 2000 - Physical, chemical, and biological data for the Uncompahgre Project area and the Grand Valley, west-central Colorado, 1993-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T20:35:01.110025","indexId":"ofr99453","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-453","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological data for the Uncompahgre Project area and the Grand Valley, west-central Colorado, 1993-98","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99453","usgsCitation":"Butler, D.L., and Osmundson, B.C., 2000, Physical, chemical, and biological data for the Uncompahgre Project area and the Grand Valley, west-central Colorado, 1993-98: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-453, Report: vii, 216 p.; 2 Plates: 29.52 x 28.14 inches and 30.72 x 19.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99453.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 216 p.; 2 Plates: 29.52 x 28.14 inches and 30.72 x 19.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52092,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0453/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52091,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0453/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52090,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0453/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0453/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415021,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25849.htm","text":"Uncompahgre Project area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465501,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25850.htm","text":"Grand Valley area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Grand Valley, Uncompahgre Project area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.25,\n 38.817\n ],\n [\n -108.25,\n 38.329\n ],\n [\n -107.61,\n 38.329\n ],\n [\n -107.61,\n 38.817\n ],\n [\n -108.25,\n 38.817\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4895e4b07f02db522908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, David L.","contributorId":12843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osmundson, Barbara Campbell","contributorId":9296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osmundson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"Campbell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28894,"text":"wri20004048 - 2000 - Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) in Ground Water, Air, and Precipitation at North Windham, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri20004048","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4048","title":"Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) in Ground Water, Air, and Precipitation at North Windham, Maine","docAbstract":"Thirty-one monitoring wells in the Windham aquifer in North Windham, Maine, were sampled for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from July 1998 to May 1999. MTBE was detected in 35 percent of the wells sampled in the Windham aquifer. MTBE was detected in 64 percent of wells in the high-yielding part of the aquifer; these wells account for 82 percent of all wells with detectable MTBE. Land cover also was found to be associated with MTBE in the wells in the study area, with the urban and low-density residential areas having more MTBE than undeveloped areas. The median concentration in wells with detectable MTBE was 1.13 micrograms per liter. \r\n\r\nAir and precipitation samples were collected in North Windham along with ground-water samples. Air samples were collected every 10 days from December 1998 to July 1999 (20 samples). MTBE was present in all 20 air samples collected, at concentrations ranging from 0.03 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) to 1.0 ppbv. Before Maine opted out of the reformulated gasoline (RFG) program in the spring of 1999, median concentrations in air at the North Windham site were 0.25 ppbv. After Maine stopped using RFG, the median concentration in air dropped to 0.09 ppbv. \r\n\r\nNo MTBE was detected in four samples of precipitation at North Windham. The lack of rainfall during the study period prevented the collection of an adequate number of samples, and technical difficulties negated the results of some of the analyses of the samples that were collected.\r\n\r\nBased on the equilibrium partitioning of MTBE from the air into rain, the hypothetical average concentration of MTBE in rainfall during months when recharge typically occurs (March-April and October-December) would be approximately 0.3 to 0.4 micrograms per liter during the time that RFG was being used in Maine. After the phaseout of RFG, the maximum average concentration of MTBE in rainfall during these months would be approximately 0.1 micrograms per liter.\r\n\r\nThe distribution and concentrations of MTBE that were detected in ground water indicate that recharge from precipation containing MTBE is not a likely explanation for the occurrence of MTBE in the Windham aquifer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20004048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Windham, Maine and the Maine Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M.G., and Peckenham, J.M., 2000, Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) in Ground Water, Air, and Precipitation at North Windham, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4048, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004048.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9900,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://me.water.usgs.gov/reports/wrir00-4048.pdf","size":"1214","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.5,43.75 ], [ -70.5,43.86666666666667 ], [ -70.36666666666666,43.86666666666667 ], [ -70.36666666666666,43.75 ], [ -70.5,43.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62d636","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peckenham, John M.","contributorId":83568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckenham","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26752,"text":"wri004038 - 2000 - Microbiological and chemical quality of ground water used as a source of public supply in southern Missouri — Phase I, May 1997–March 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-25T22:44:32.380877","indexId":"wri004038","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4038","title":"Microbiological and chemical quality of ground water used as a source of public supply in southern Missouri — Phase I, May 1997–March 1998","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004038","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., and Witt, E.C., 2000, Microbiological and chemical quality of ground water used as a source of public supply in southern Missouri — Phase I, May 1997–March 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4038, iv, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004038.","productDescription":"iv, 77 p.","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394852,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_31672.htm"},{"id":158461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4038/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4038/report.pdf","size":"9836","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.6,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -94.6,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -94.6,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witt, Emitt C. III 0000-0002-1814-7807 ecwitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7807","contributorId":1612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"Emitt","suffix":"III","email":"ecwitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30775,"text":"cir1178 - 2000 - 1998 Assessment of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in the United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":30775,"text":"cir1178 - 2000 - 1998 Assessment of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in the United States","indexId":"cir1178","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"1998 Assessment of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in the United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39996,"text":"ofr2002198 - 2002 - Assessment of undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States: A Portable Document (PDF) recompilation of USGS Open-File Report 96-96 and Circular 1178","indexId":"ofr2002198","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States: A Portable Document (PDF) recompilation of USGS Open-File Report 96-96 and Circular 1178"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39996,"text":"ofr2002198 - 2002 - Assessment of undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States: A Portable Document (PDF) recompilation of USGS Open-File Report 96-96 and Circular 1178","indexId":"ofr2002198","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States: A Portable Document (PDF) recompilation of USGS Open-File Report 96-96 and Circular 1178"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"cir1178","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1178","title":"1998 Assessment of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in the United States","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the results of the 1998 National Mineral Resource Assessment that estimated the gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in undiscovered deposits in the United States. This project also estimated the identified resources and past production of these five metals. Assessment results include the following: (1) It is estimated that 18,000 metric tons (t) of gold, 460,000 t of silver, 290,000 kilotons (kt) of copper, 85,000 kt of lead, and 210,000 kt of zinc are in undiscovered deposits minable with existing technology. (2) In addition, it is estimated that 15,000 t of gold, 160,000 t of silver, 260,000 kt of copper, 51,000 kt of lead, and 55,000 kt of zinc remain in identified resources. (3) Past production from the largest identified resources of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc is estimated to be 12,000 t of gold, 170,000 t of silver, 91,000 kt of copper, 41,000 kt of lead, and 44,000 kt of zinc. These deposits account for about 99 percent of cumulative domestic production in the United States.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1178","usgsCitation":"The U.S. Geological Survey National Mineral Resource Assessment Team, 2000, 1998 Assessment of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in the United States (Superseded by OFR 2002-198): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1178, Report: 21 p.; One CD-ROM in pocket; Also available online, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1178.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; One CD-ROM in pocket; Also available online","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"1998-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1178.bmp"},{"id":2600,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circular/c1178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Superseded by OFR 2002-198","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4919e4b0b290850eee2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"The U.S. Geological Survey National Mineral Resource Assessment Team","contributorId":128133,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"The U.S. Geological Survey National Mineral Resource Assessment Team","id":529256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":67483,"text":"i2538 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Snoqualmie Pass 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:14","indexId":"i2538","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2538","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of the Snoqualmie Pass 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, Washington","docAbstract":"The Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle lies at the north edge of a Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary cover, where the regional structural uplift to the north elevated the older rocks to erosional levels. Much of the quadrangle is underlain by folded Eocene volcanic rocks and fluvial deposts of an extensional event, and these rocks are overlain by Cascade arc volcanic rocks: mildly deformed Oligocene-Miocene rocks and undeformed younger volcanic rocks. Melanges of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks are exposed in structural highs in the northern part of the quadrangle. The quadrangle is traversed north to south by the Straight Creek Fault, and the probably partially coincident Darringon-Devils Mountain Fault. A rich Quaternary stratigraphy reveals events of the Frazer glaciation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2538","isbn":"0607952598","collaboration":"See also Data Series 186 (DS-186)","usgsCitation":"Tabor, R.W., Frizzell, V.A., Booth, D.B., and Waitt, R., 2000, Geologic map of the Snoqualmie Pass 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2538, 1 map : col., 56 x 76 cm., on sheet 94 x 143 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.; 1 pamphlet (57 cm. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/i2538.","productDescription":"1 map : col., 56 x 76 cm., on sheet 94 x 143 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.; 1 pamphlet (57 cm. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110171,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37097.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"37097"},{"id":7804,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":187850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,47 ], [ -122,47.5 ], [ -121,47.5 ], [ -121,47 ], [ -122,47 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688ac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tabor, R. W.","contributorId":16002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabor","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frizzell, V. A. Jr.","contributorId":39376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frizzell","given":"V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Booth, D. B.","contributorId":42223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waitt, R. B.","contributorId":78766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":60373,"text":"mf2347 - 2000 - Generalized surficial geologic map of the Denver 1° x 2° quadrangle, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T20:26:12.707748","indexId":"mf2347","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2347","title":"Generalized surficial geologic map of the Denver 1° x 2° quadrangle, Colorado","docAbstract":"Thirty-nine types of surficial geologic deposits and residual materials of Quaternary age are described and mapped in the greater Denver area, in part of the Front Range, and in the piedmont and plains east of Denver, Boulder, and Castle Rock. Descriptions appear in the pamphlet that accompanies the map. Landslide deposits, colluvium, residuum, alluvium, and other deposits or materials are described in terms of predominant grain size, mineral or rock composition (e.g., gypsiferous, calcareous, granitic, andesitic), thickness of deposits, and other physical characteristics. Origins and ages of the deposits and geologic hazards related to them are noted. Many lines between geologic units on our map were placed by generalizing contacts on published maps. However, in 1997-1999 we mapped new boundaries, as well. The map was projected to the UTM projection. This large map area extends from the Continental Divide near Winter Park and Fairplay (on the west edge), eastward about 107 mi (172 km); and extends from Boulder on the north edge to Woodland Park at the south edge (68 mi; 109 km).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2347","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.W., Straub, A.W., Berry, M.E., Baker, M.L., and Brandt, T.R., 2000, Generalized surficial geologic map of the Denver 1° x 2° quadrangle, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2347, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2347.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110146,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34795.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34795"},{"id":6025,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/mf-2347/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Denver 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106,39 ], [ -106,40 ], [ -104,40 ], [ -104,39 ], [ -106,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, D. W.","contributorId":93431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, A. W.","contributorId":65164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, M. E.","contributorId":78817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, M. L.","contributorId":77234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brandt, T. R.","contributorId":77553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}