{"pageNumber":"320","pageRowStart":"7975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10457,"records":[{"id":70020812,"text":"70020812 - 1998 - Assessing the bioaccumulation of contaminants from sediments of the Upper Mississippi River using field-collected oligochaetes and laboratory- exposed Lumbriculus variegatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70020812","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the bioaccumulation of contaminants from sediments of the Upper Mississippi River using field-collected oligochaetes and laboratory- exposed Lumbriculus variegatus","docAbstract":"Concern with the redistribution of contaminants associated with sediment in the upper Mississippi River (UMR) arose after the flood of 1993. This project is designed to evaluate the status of sediments in the UMR and is one article in a series designed to assess the extent of sediment contamination in navigational pools of the river. Companion articles evaluate sediment toxicity and benthic community composition in navigation pools of the river. The objectives of the present study were to: (1) to assess the bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants in the UMR using laboratory exposures with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus, and (2) to compare bioaccumulation in laboratory-exposed oligochaetes to field-collected oligochaetes. Sediment samples and native oligochaetes were collected from 23 navigational pools on the Upper Mississippi River and the Saint Croix River. Contaminant concentrations measured in the L. variegatus after 28-day exposures to sediment in the laboratory were compared to contaminant concentrations in field-collected oligochaetes from the 13 pools where these sediments were collected. Contaminant concentrations were relatively low in sediments and tissues from the pools evaluated. Only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were frequently measured above detection limits. The majority of the biota- sediment-accumulation factors (BSAFs) for PAHs were within a range of about 1.0 to 2.6, suggesting that the theoretical BSAF value of 1.7 could be used to predict these mean BSAFs with a reasonable degree of certainty. A positive correlation was observed between lipid-normalized concentrations of PAHs detected in laboratory-exposed and field-collected oligochaetes across all sampling locations. Rank correlations for concentrations of individual compounds between laboratory-exposed and field-collected oligochaetes were strongest for benzo(e)pyrene, perylene, benzo(b,k)fluoranthene, and pyrene. About 90% of the paired PAH concentrations in laboratory-exposed and field- collected oligochaetes were within a factor of three of one another indicating laboratory results could be extrapolated to the field with a reasonable degree of certainty.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002449900367","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Brunson, E., Canfield, T., Dwyer, F., Ingersoll, C., and Kemble, N., 1998, Assessing the bioaccumulation of contaminants from sediments of the Upper Mississippi River using field-collected oligochaetes and laboratory- exposed Lumbriculus variegatus: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 2, p. 191-201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900367.","startPage":"191","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900367"},{"id":230076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede6e4b0c8380cd49ab4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brunson, E.L.","contributorId":29924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Canfield, T.J.","contributorId":9026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canfield","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1014809,"text":"1014809 - 1998 - An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T15:30:46.471729","indexId":"1014809","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, <i>Picoides borealis</i>","title":"An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatially-explicit population models allow a link between demography and the landscape. We developed a spatially-explicit simulation model for the red-cockaded woodpecker,&nbsp;</span><i>Picoides borealis</i><span>, an endangered and territorial cooperative breeder endemic to the southeastern United States. This kind of model is especially appropriate for this species because it can incorporate the spatial constraints on dispersal of helpers, and because territory locations are predictable. The model combines demographic data from a long-term study with a description of the spatial location of territories. Sensitivity analysis of demographic parameters revealed that population stability was most sensitive to changes in female breeder mortality, mortality of female dispersers and the number of fledglings produced per brood. Population behavior was insensitive to initial stage distribution; reducing the initial number of birds by one-half had a negligible effect. Most importantly, we found that the spatial distribution of territories had as strong an effect on response to demographic stochasticity as territory number. Populations were stable when territories were highly aggregated, with as few as 49 territories. When territories were highly dispersed, more than 169 territories were required to achieve stability. Model results indicate the importance of considering the spatial distribution of territories in management plans, and suggest that this approach is worthy of further development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00019-6","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Priddy, J., Walters, J.R., and Crowder, L., 1998, An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis: Biological Conservation, v. 86, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00019-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Sandhills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.3945788012611,\n              34.818880586998134\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.66211033931289,\n              34.80194002557678\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.95027479178532,\n              34.90353113485962\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.74394564757431,\n              35.04301392230171\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.82647730525883,\n              35.47263766097372\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.67242679652291,\n              35.51883344420203\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.09540154215557,\n              35.13165194172102\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.3945788012611,\n              34.818880586998134\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68460a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Priddy, J.A.","contributorId":73962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priddy","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, J. R.","contributorId":91061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crowder, L.B.","contributorId":104437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowder","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187529,"text":"70187529 - 1998 - Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T12:26:38","indexId":"70187529","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5384,"text":"Cultural Resources Management","printIssn":"1068-4999","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","docAbstract":"<p>Geographical information systems are rapidly becoming essential tools for land management. They provide a way to link landscape features to the wide variety of information that managers must consider when formulating plans for a site, designing site improvement and restoration projects, determining maintenance projects and protocols, and even interpreting the site. At the same time, they can be valuable research tools.</p><p>Standing structures offer a different sort of geography, even though a humanly contrived one. Therefore, the capability of a geographical information system (GIS) to link geographical units to the information pertinent to the site and resource management can be employed in the management of standing structures. This was the idea that inspired the use of a GIS software, ArcView, to link computer aided design CAD) drawings of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials with inventories of the stones in the memorials. Both the CAD drawings and the inventory were in existence; what remained to be done was to modify the CAD files and place the inventory in an appropriately designed computerized database, and then to link the two in a GIS project. This work was carried out at the NPS Denver Service Center, Resource Planning Group, Applied Archaeology Center (DSC-RPG-AAC), in Silver Spring, Maryland, with the assistance of US/ICOMOS summer interns Katja Marasovic (Croatia) and Rastislav Gromnica (Slovakia), under the supervision of AAC office manager Douglas Comer. Project guidance was provided by Tony Donald, the Denver Service Center (DSC) project architect for the restoration of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials, and GIS consultation services by Kyle Joly.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., Donald, T., and Comer, D., 1998, Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials: Cultural Resources Management, v. 21, no. 2, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps70980/lps70980/www.nps.gov/CRMJournal/CRM.html"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59103229e4b0e541a03a857e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donald, Tony","contributorId":191811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donald","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comer, Douglas","contributorId":191812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comer","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020644,"text":"70020644 - 1998 - Occurrence of pesticides in shallow groundwater of the United States: initial results from the National Water-Quality Assessment program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T15:15:20","indexId":"70020644","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of pesticides in shallow groundwater of the United States: initial results from the National Water-Quality Assessment program","docAbstract":"<p>The first phase of intensive data collection for the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) was completed during 1993&minus;1995 in 20 major hydrologic basins of the United States. Groundwater land-use studies, designed to sample recently recharged groundwater (generally within 10 years) beneath specific land-use and hydrogeologic settings, are a major component of the groundwater quality as sessment for NAWQA. Pesticide results from the 41 land-use studies conducted during 1993&minus;1995 indicate that pesticides were commonly detected in shallow groundwater, having been found at 54.4% of the 1034 sites sampled in agricultural and urban settings across the United States. Pesticide concentrations were generally low, with over 95% of the detections at concentrations less than 1 &mu;g/L. Of the 46 pesticide compounds examined, 39 were detected. The compounds detected most frequently were atrazine (38.2%), deethylatrazine (34.2%), simazine (18.0%), metolachlor (14.6%), and prometon (13.9%). Statistically significant relations were observed between frequencies of detection and the use, mobility, and persistence of these compounds. Pesticides were commonly detected in both agricultural (56.4%; 813 sites) and urban (46.6%; 221 sites) settings. Frequent detections of pesticides in urban areas indicate that, as is the case with agricultural pesticide use in agricultural areas, urban and suburban pesticide use significantly contribute to pesticide occurrence in shallow groundwater. Although pesticides were detected in groundwater sampled in urban areas and all nine of the agricultural land-use categories examined, significant variations in occurrence were observed among these categories. Maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water were exceeded for only one pesticide (atrazine, 3 &mu;g/L) at a single location. However, MCLs have been established for only 25 of the 46 pesticide compounds examined, do not cover pesticide degradates, and, at present, do not take into account additive or synergistic effects of combinations of pesticide compounds or potential effects on nearby aquatic ecosystems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.1021/es970412g","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Barbash, J.E., and Gilliom, R.J., 1998, Occurrence of pesticides in shallow groundwater of the United States: initial results from the National Water-Quality Assessment program: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 5, p. 558-566, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970412g.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"558","endPage":"566","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science 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dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbash, Jack E. 0000-0001-9854-8880 jbarbash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8880","contributorId":1003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"Jack","email":"jbarbash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021383,"text":"70021383 - 1998 - Sensitivity of condition indices to changing density in a white-tailed deer population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-02T11:26:17.838032","indexId":"70021383","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of condition indices to changing density in a white-tailed deer population","docAbstract":"<div id=\"9841909\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The ways in which comprehensive condition profiles, incorporating morphometric, histologic, physiologic, and diet quality indices, responded to changes in density of a white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) population were examined. Changes in these condition indices were monitored in a northeastern Oklahoma deer herd as density declined from peaks of 80 and 72 deer/km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1989 and 1990 (high-density) to lows of 39 and 41 deer/km<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1991 and 1992 (reduced-density), respectively. Compared to a reference population (6 deer/km<sub>2</sub>), deer sampled during high-density exhibited classic signs of nutritional stress such as low body and visceral organ masses (except elevated adrenal gland mass), low fecal nitrogen levels, reduced concentrations of serum albumin, elevated serum creatinine concentrations, and a high prevalence of parasitic infections. Although density declined by one half over the 4-yr study, gross indices of condition (in particular body mass and size) remained largely unchanged. However, selected organ masses, serum albumin and non-protein nitrogen constituents, and fecal nitrogen indices reflected improvements in nutritional status with reductions in density. Many commonly used indices of deer condition (fat reserves, hematocrit, total serum protein, and blood urea nitrogen) were not responsive to fluctuations in density.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.110","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Sams, M., Lochmiller, R., Qualls, C., and Leslie, D., 1998, Sensitivity of condition indices to changing density in a white-tailed deer population: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 34, no. 1, p. 110-125, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.110.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488873,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d2ce4b08c986b3182b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, M.G.","contributorId":61200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sams","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lochmiller, R.L.","contributorId":68061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lochmiller","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qualls, C.W. Jr.","contributorId":10949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qualls","given":"C.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021348,"text":"70021348 - 1998 - Simulating cholinesterase inhibition in birds caused by dietary insecticide exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T15:04:30","indexId":"70021348","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating cholinesterase inhibition in birds caused by dietary insecticide exposure","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a stochastic simulation model that simulates avian foraging in an agricultural landscape to evaluate factors affecting dietary insecticide exposure and to predict post-exposure cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition. To evaluate the model, we simulated published field studies and found that model predictions of insecticide decay and ChE inhibition reasonably approximated most observed results. Sensitivity analysis suggested that foraging location usually influenced ChE inhibition more than diet preferences or daily intake rate. Although organophosphorus insecticides usually caused greater inhibition than carbamate insecticides, insecticide toxicity appeared only moderately important. When we simulated impact of heavy insecticide applications during breeding seasons of 15 wild bird species, mean maximum ChE inhibition in most species exceeded 20% at some point. At this level of inhibition, birds may experience nausea and/or may exhibit minor behavioral changes. Simulated risk peaked in April–May and August–September and was lowest in July. ChE inhibition increased with proportion of vegetation in the diet. This model, and ones like it, may help predict insecticide exposure of and sublethal ChE inhibition in grassland animals, thereby reducing dependence of ecological risk assessments on field studies alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00174-9","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Corson, M., Mora, M., and Grant, W., 1998, Simulating cholinesterase inhibition in birds caused by dietary insecticide exposure: Ecological Modelling, v. 105, no. 2-3, p. 299-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00174-9.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206426,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00174-9"}],"volume":"105","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fcde4b08c986b319148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corson, M.S.","contributorId":12999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corson","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, W.E.","contributorId":78903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021161,"text":"70021161 - 1998 - Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:14:22.848032","indexId":"70021161","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Although the presence of extensive gas hydrate on the Cascadia margin, offshore from the western U.S. and Canada, has been inferred from marine seismic records and pore water chemistry, solid gas hydrate has only been found at one location. At Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 892, offshore from central Oregon, gas hydrate was recovered close to the sediment-water interface at 2–19 m below the seafloor (mbsf) at 670 m water depth. The gas hydrate occurs as elongated platy crystals or crystal aggregates, mostly disseminated irregularly, with higher concentrations occurring in discrete zones, thin layers, and/or veinlets parallel or oblique to the bedding. A 2- to 3-cm thick massive gas hydrate layer, parallel to bedding, was recovered at ∼ 17 mbsf. Gas from a sample of this layer was composed of both CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and H<sub>2</sub>S. This sample is the first mixed-gas hydrate of CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S documented in ODP; it also contains ethane and minor amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>. Measured temperatures of the recovered core ranged from 2 to −1.8°C and are 6 to 8 degrees lower than in-situ temperatures. These temperature anomalies were caused by the partial dissociation of the CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate during recovery without a pressure core sampler.During this dissociation, toxic levels of H<sub>2</sub>S (δ<sup>34</sup>S, +27.4‰) were released. The δ<sup>13</sup>C values of the CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the gas hydrate, −64.5 to −67.5‰<sub>(PDB)</sub>, together with δD values of −197 to −199‰<sub>(SMOW)</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>indicate a primarily microbial source for the CH<sub>4</sub>. The δ<sup>18</sup>O value of the hydrate H<sub>2</sub>O is +2.9‰<sub>(SMOW)</sub>, comparable with the experimental fractionation factor for sea-ice. The unusual composition (CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S) and depth distribution (2–19 mbsf) of this gas hydrate indicate mixing between a methane-rich fluid with a pore fluid enriched in sulfide; at this site the former is advecting along an inclined fault into the active sulfate reduction zone. The facts that the CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate is primarily confined to the present day active sulfate reduction zone (2–19 mbsf), and that from here down to the BSR depth (19–68 mbsf) the gas hydrate inferred to exist is a ≥99% CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>hydrate, suggest that the mixing of CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and H<sub>2</sub>S is a geologically young process. Because the existence of a mixed CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate is indicative of moderate to intense advection of a methane-rich fluid into a near surface active sulfate reduction zone, tectonically active (faulted) margins with organic-rich sediments and moderate to high sedimentation rates are the most likely regions of occurrence. The extension of such a mixed hydrate below the sulfate reduction zone should reflect the time-span of methane advection into the sulfate reduction zone.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00013-2","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Kastner, M., Kvenvolden, K., and Lorenson, T., 1998, Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 156, no. 3-4, p. 173-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00013-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              42.07916277343969\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72265368371768,\n              42.07916277343969\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72265368371768,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"156","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5b0e4b0c8380cd4c378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kastner, M.","contributorId":21276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021160,"text":"70021160 - 1998 - Tectonic setting of synorogenic gold deposits of the Pacific Rim","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021160","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic setting of synorogenic gold deposits of the Pacific Rim","docAbstract":"More than 420 million oz of gold were concentrated in circum-Pacific synorogenic quartz loades mainly during two periods of continental growth, one along the Gondwanan margin in the Palaeozoic and the other in the northern Pacific basin between 170 and 50 Ma. These ores have many features in common and can be grouped into a single type of lode gold deposit widespread throughout clastic sedimentary-rock dominant terranes. The auriferous veins contain only a few percent sulphide minerals, have gold:silver ratios typically greater than 1:1, show a distinct association with medium grade metamorphic rocks, and may be associated with large-scale fault zone. Ore fluids are consistently of low salinity and are CO2-rich. In the early and middle Palaeozoic in the southern Pacific basin, a single immense turbidite sequence was added to the eastern margin of Gondwanaland. Deformation of these rocks in southeastern Australia was accompanied by deposition of at least 80 million oz of gold in the Victorian sector of the Lachlan fold belt mainly during the Middle and Late Devonian. Lesser Devonian gold accumulations characterized the more northerly parts of the Gondwanan margin within the Hodgkinson-Broken River and Thomson fold belts. Additional lodes were emplaced in this flyschoid sequence in Devonian or earlier Palaeozoic times in what is now the Buller Terrane, Westland, New Zealand. Minor post-Devonian growth of Gondwanaland included terrane collision and formation of gold-bearing veins in the Permian in Australia's New England fold belt and in the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous in New Zealand's Otago schists. Collision and accretion of dozens of terranes for a 100-m.y.-long period against the western margin of North America and eastern margin of Eurasia led to widespread, lattest Jurassic to Eocene gold veining in the northern Pacific basin. In the former location, Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous veins and related placer deposits along the western margin of the Sierra Nevada batholith have yielded more than 100 million oz of gold. Additional significant ore-forming events during the development of North America's Cordilleran orogen included those in the Klamath Mountains region, California in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous; the Klondike district, Yukon by the Early Cretaceous; the Nome and Fairbanks districts, Alaska, and the Bridge River district, British Columbia in the middle Cretaceous; and the Juneau gold belt, Alaska in the Eocene. Gold-bearing veins deposited during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous terrane collision that formed the present-day Russian Far East have been the source for more than 130 million oz of placer gold. The abundance of gold-bearing quartz-carbonate veins throughout the Gondwanan, North American and Eurasian continental margins suggests the migration and concentration of large fluid volumes during continental growth. Such volumes could be released during orogenic heating of hydrous silicate mineral phases within accreted marine strata. The common temporal association between gold veining and magmatism around the Pacific Rim reflects these thermal episodes. Melting of the lower thickened crust during arc formation, slab rollback and extensional tectonism, and subduction of a slab window beneath the seaward part of the forearc region can all provide the required heat for initation of the ore-forming processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00018-8","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Phillips, G., and Nokleberg, W., 1998, Tectonic setting of synorogenic gold deposits of the Pacific Rim: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 13, no. 1-5, p. 185-218, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00018-8.","startPage":"185","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00018-8"},{"id":229699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba47be4b08c986b32037d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, G.N.","contributorId":96439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021096,"text":"70021096 - 1998 - Reproductive success of Belding's Savannah Sparrows in a highly fragmented landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:06:46","indexId":"70021096","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive success of Belding's Savannah Sparrows in a highly fragmented landscape","docAbstract":"<p>Habitat fragmentation can influence the abundance and distribution of birds. Decreases in patch size increase the amount of edge habitat, which can allow greater invasion by exotic species, predators, and brood parasites (Hagan and Johnston 1992, Donovan et al., 1995). Fragmented habitats may act as population sinks and result in local extinctions unless immigration occurs from source habitats (Pulliam 1988, Howeet al., 1991, Pulliam et al., 1992, Stacey and Taper 1992).</p><p>Fragmentation is especially severe in coastal California, where about 75% of the presettlement acreage of coastal wetlands has been lost to development (Zedler 1982, Zedler and Powell 1993). This degradation has produced a highly fragmented landscape that may have a negative influence on the Belding's Savannah Sparrow (<i>Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi</i>), which is one of two wetland-dependent bird species endemic to coastal salt marshes in southern California. This nonmigratory subspecies is listed as endangered by the State of California. Statewide censuses of Belding's Savannah Sparrows reveal wide fluctuations in local population sizes, with local extinctions occurring in some years (Zembalet al. 1988). Thus, the population dynamics of Belding's Savannah Sparrow may reflect the effects of fragmentation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089215","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Powell, A., and Collier, C.L., 1998, Reproductive success of Belding's Savannah Sparrows in a highly fragmented landscape: The Auk, v. 115, no. 2, p. 508-513, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089215.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"513","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089215","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8e7e4b0c8380cd85b09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collier, Christine L.","contributorId":39340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021092,"text":"70021092 - 1998 - Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-16T11:13:42","indexId":"70021092","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Natural variations in concentrations of&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, D, and H</span><sub>4</sub><span>SiO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;in two tributary catchments of Woods Lake in the west-central Adirondack Mountains of New York were measured during 1989&ndash;1991 to examine runoff processes and their implications for the neutralization of acidic precipitation by calcium carbonate treatment. The two catchments are similar except that one contained a 1.3 ha beaver pond. Evaporation from the beaver pond caused a seasonal decrease in the slope of the meteoric water line in stream water from the catchment with a beaver pond (WO2). No corresponding change in slope of the meteoric water line was evident in stream water from the other catchment (WO4), nor in ground water nor soil water from either catchment, indicating that evaporative fractionation was not significant. Application of a best-fit sine curve to&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup><span>O data indicated that base flow in both catchments had a residence time of about 100 days. Ground water from a well finished in thick till had the longest residence time (160 days); soil water from the O-horizon and B-horizon had residence times of 63 and 80 days, respectively. Water previously stored within each catchment (pre-event water) was the predominant component of streamflow during spring snowmelt and during spring and autumn rainfall events, but the proportion of streamflow that consisted of pre-event water differed significantly in the two catchments. The proportion of event water (rain and snowmelt) in WO2 was smaller than at WO4 early in the spring snowmelt of March 13&ndash;17, 1990, but the proportions of source water components for the two catchments were almost indistinguishable by the peak flow on the third day of the melt. The event water was further separated into surface-water and subsurface-water components by utilizing measured changes in H</span><sub>4</sub><span>SiO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations in stream water during the snowmelt. Results indicated that subsurface flow was the dominant pathway by which event water reached the stream except during the peak flow of a rain-on-snow event on the last day of the melt. Streamflow from a spring rain storm with dry antecendent conditions two months later (May 16&ndash;18, 1990), was less than 5% event water at peak flow in WO2 and 26% in WO4. This change from the runoff pattern in March is attributed to retention of event water in the beaver pond favored by relatively low pre-event storage and isothermal (nonstratified) conditions in the pond that allowed mixing. Streamflow during several autumn storms was about 15&ndash;25% event water at peak flow in WO4; the highest values for event water were associated with wet antecedent moisture conditions. These results indicate that a beaver pond can significantly affect the downstream delivery of event water through evaporation and mixing, but provides minimal retention during large runoff events such as snowmelt. Beaver ponds are expected to provide greater opportunity for neutralization of acidic waters during most of the year in catchments treated with calcium carbonate, but little neutralization effect during snowmelt.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00081-X","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., and McDonnell, J.J., 1998, Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 205, no. 3-4, p. 248-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00081-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"205","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a066be4b0c8380cd5122c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021026,"text":"70021026 - 1998 - Simulation of variable-density flow and transport of reactive and nonreactive solutes during a tracer test at Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:17:04","indexId":"70021026","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of variable-density flow and transport of reactive and nonreactive solutes during a tracer test at Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p><span>A multispecies numerical code was developed to simulate flow and mass transport with kinetic adsorption in variable-density flow systems. The two-dimensional code simulated the transport of bromide (Br</span><sup>−</sup><span>), a nonreactive tracer, and lithium (Li</span><sup>+</sup><span>), a reactive tracer, in a large-scale tracer test performed in a sand-and-gravel aquifer at Cape Cod, Massachusetts. A two-fraction kinetic adsorption model was implemented to simulate the interaction of Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>with the aquifer solids. Initial estimates for some of the transport parameters were obtained from a nonlinear least squares curve-fitting procedure, where the breakthrough curves from column experiments were matched with one-dimensional theoretical models. The numerical code successfully simulated the basic characteristics of the two plumes in the tracer test. At early times the centers of mass of Br</span><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>sank because the two plumes were closely coupled to the density-driven velocity field. At later times the rate of downward movement in the Br</span><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume due to gravity slowed significantly because of dilution by dispersion. The downward movement of the Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume was negligible because the two plumes moved in locally different velocity regimes, where Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>transport was retarded relative to Br</span><sup>−</sup><span>. The maximum extent of downward transport of the Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume was less than that of the Br</span><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume. This study also found that at early times the downward movement of a plume created by a three-dimensional source could be much more extensive than the case with a two-dimensional source having the same cross-sectional area. The observed shape of the Br</span><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume at Cape Cod was simulated by adding two layers with different hydraulic conductivities at shallow depth across the region. The large dispersion and asymmetrical shape of the Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume were simulated by including kinetic adsorption-desorption reactions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR02918","usgsCitation":"Zhang, H., Schwartz, F.W., Wood, W., Garabedian, S., and LeBlanc, D., 1998, Simulation of variable-density flow and transport of reactive and nonreactive solutes during a tracer test at Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 1, p. 67-82, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR02918.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr02918","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90b6e4b08c986b31963e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Hubao","contributorId":196105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Hubao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Frank W.","contributorId":196083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020867,"text":"70020867 - 1998 - Carbon dioxide and helium emissions from a reservoir of magmatic gas beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:34:00","indexId":"70020867","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide and helium emissions from a reservoir of magmatic gas beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Carbon dioxide and helium with isotopic compositions indicative of a magmatic source ( δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C = −4.5 to −5‰,&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He/&nbsp;</span><sup>4</sup><span>He = 4.5 to 6.7 R</span><sub>A</sub><span>) are discharging at anomalous rates from Mammoth Mountain, on the southwestern rim of the Long Valley caldera in eastern California. The gas is released mainly as diffuse emissions from normal‐temperature soils, but some gas issues from steam vents or leaves the mountain dissolved in cold groundwater. The rate of gas discharge increased significantly in 1989 following a 6‐month period of persistent earthquake swarms and associated strain and ground deformation that has been attributed to dike emplacement beneath the mountain. An increase in the magmatic component of helium discharging in a steam vent on the north side of Mammoth Mountain, which also began in 1989, has persisted until the present time. Anomalous CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;discharge from soils first occurred during the winter of 1990 and was followed by observations of several areas of tree kill and/or heavier than normal needlecast the following summer. Subsequent measurements have confirmed that the tree kills are associated with CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations of 30–90% in soil gas and gas flow rates of up to 31,000 g m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;at the soil surface. Each of the tree‐kill areas and one area of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;discharge above tree line occurs in close proximity to one or more normal faults, which may provide conduits for gas flow from depth. We estimate that the total diffuse CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;flux from the mountain is approximately 520 t/d, and that 30–50 t/d of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;are dissolved in cold groundwater flowing off the flanks of the mountain. Isotopic and chemical analyses of soil and fumarolic gas demonstrate a remarkable homogeneity in composition, suggesting that the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and associated helium and excess nitrogen may be derived from a common gas reservoir whose source is associated with some combination of magmatic degassing and thermal metamorphism of metasedimentary rocks. Furthermore, N</span><sub>2</sub><span>/Ar ratios and nitrogen isotopic values indicate that the Mammoth Mountain gases are derived from sources separate from those that supply gas to the hydrothermal system within the Long Valley caldera. Various data suggest that the Mammoth Mountain gas reservoir is a large, low‐temperature cap over an isolated hydrothermal system, that it predates the 1989 intrusion, and that it could remain a source of gas discharge for some time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/98JB01389","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., Evans, W.C., Kennedy, B.M., Farrar, C.D., Hainsworth, L., and Hausback, B., 1998, Carbon dioxide and helium emissions from a reservoir of magmatic gas beneath Mammoth Mountain, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 7, p. 15303-15323, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB01389.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"15303","endPage":"15323","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb01389","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f35de4b0c8380cd4b75a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, B. M.","contributorId":97638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrar, C. D.","contributorId":71978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hainsworth, L.J.","contributorId":98486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainsworth","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hausback, B.","contributorId":68912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hausback","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70020861,"text":"70020861 - 1998 - Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:26:35","indexId":"70020861","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Four alpine streams were monitored to continuously collect stream temperature and streamflow for periods ranging from a week to a year. In a small stream in the Colorado Rockies, diurnal variations in both stream temperature and streamflow were significantly greater in losing reaches than in gaining reaches, with minimum streamflow losses occurring early in the day and maximum losses occurring early in the evening. Using measured stream temperature changes, diurnal streambed infiltration rates were predicted to increase as much as 35% during the day (based on a heat and water transport groundwater model), while the measured increase in streamflow loss was 40%. For two large streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, annual stream temperature variations ranged from 0° to 25°C. In summer months, diurnal stream temperature variations were 30–40% of annual stream temperature variations, owing to reduced streamflows and increased atmospheric heating. Previous reports document that one Sierra stream site generally gains groundwater during low flows, while the second Sierra stream site may lose water during low flows. For August the diurnal streamflow variation was 11% at the gaining stream site and 30% at the losing stream site. On the basis of measured diurnal stream temperature variations, streambed infiltration rates were predicted to vary diurnally as much as 20% at the losing stream site. Analysis of results suggests that evapotranspiration losses determined diurnal streamflow variations in the gaining reaches, while in the losing reaches, evapotranspiration losses were compounded by diurnal variations in streambed infiltration. Diurnal variations in stream temperature were reduced in the gaining reaches as a result of discharging groundwater of relatively constant temperature. For the Sierra sites, comparison of results with those from a small tributary demonstrated that stream temperature patterns were useful in delineating discharges of bank storage following dam releases. Direct coupling may have occurred between streamflow and stream temperature for losing stream reaches, such that reduced streamflows facilitated increased afternoon stream temperatures and increased afternoon stream temperatures induced increased streambed losses, leading to even greater increases in both stream temperature and streamflow losses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00998","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1998, Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1609-1615, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00998.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1609","endPage":"1615","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cace4b0c8380cd62f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020828,"text":"70020828 - 1998 - Groundwater geochemistry of Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70020828","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2201,"text":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater geochemistry of Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"In this study, we explore the differences between the hydrogeochemical processes observed in a setting that is open to input from the land surface and in a setting that is closed with respect to input from the land surface. The closed setting was a water-filled passage in a cave. Samples of groundwater and of a solid that appeared to be suspended in the relatively fresh region of saline-freshwater mixing zone were collected. The solid was determined to be aragonite. Based on the analyses of the composition and saturation state of the groundwater, the mixing of fresh and saline water and precipitation of aragonite are the controlling geochemical processes in this mixing zone. We found no evidence of sulfate reduction. Thus, this mixing zone is similar to that observed in Caleta Xel Ha, Quintana Roo, also a system that is closed with respect to input from the land surface. The open setting was an unconfined aquifer underlying the coastal plain along which four hand-dug wells are located. Two wells are at the downgradient ends of inferred flowpaths and one is along a flowpath. The composition of the groundwater in the downgradient wells is sulfide-rich and brackish. In contrast, at the well located along a flow line, the groundwater is oxygenated and brackish. All groundwater is oversaturated with respect to calcite, aragonite, and dolomite. The composition is attributed to mixing of fresh and saline groundwater, CO2 outgassing, and sulfate reduction. This mixing zone is geochemically similar to that observed in blue holes and cenotes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10906924","usgsCitation":"Wicks, C., and Troester, J., 1998, Groundwater geochemistry of Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico: Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 60, no. 2, p. 107-114.","startPage":"107","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da6e4b0c8380cd5bf83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicks, C.M.","contributorId":86132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troester, J.W.","contributorId":90750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troester","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020825,"text":"70020825 - 1998 - Water-resources optimization model for Santa Barbara, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T14:39:06","indexId":"70020825","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-resources optimization model for Santa Barbara, California","docAbstract":"A simulation-optimization model has been developed for the optimal management of the city of Santa Barbara's water resources during a drought. The model, which links groundwater simulation with linear programming, has a planning horizon of 5 years. The objective is to minimize the cost of water supply subject to: water demand constraints, hydraulic head constraints to control seawater intrusion, and water capacity constraints. The decision variables are montly water deliveries from surface water and groundwater. The state variables are hydraulic heads. The drought of 1947-51 is the city's worst drought on record, and simulated surface-water supplies for this period were used as a basis for testing optimal management of current water resources under drought conditions. The simulation-optimization model was applied using three reservoir operation rules. In addition, the model's sensitivity to demand, carry over [the storage of water in one year for use in the later year(s)], head constraints, and capacity constraints was tested.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1998)124:5(252)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., 1998, Water-resources optimization model for Santa Barbara, California: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 124, no. 5, p. 252-263, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1998)124:5(252).","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1998)124:5(252)"}],"volume":"124","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcedfe4b08c986b32e5e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020791,"text":"70020791 - 1998 - Microtox(TM) characterization of foundry sand residuals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70020791","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3707,"text":"Waste Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microtox(TM) characterization of foundry sand residuals","docAbstract":"Although foundry residuals, consisting mostly of waste Sands, represent a potentially attractive, high-volume resource for beneficial reuse applications (e.g. highway embankment construction), prospective end users are understandably concerned about unforeseen liabilities stemming from the use of these residuals. This paper, therefore, focuses on the innovative use of a microbial bioassay as a means of developing a characterization of environmental suitability extending beyond the analytical coverage already provided by mandated chemical-specific tests (i.e., TCLP, etc.). Microtox(TM) bioassays were conducted on leachates derived from residuals obtained at a wide range of facilities, including: 11 gray and ductile iron foundries plus one each steel and aluminum foundries. In addition, virgin sand samples were used to establish a relative 'natural' benchmark against which the waste foundry sands could then be compared in terms of their apparent quality. These bioassay tests were able to effectively 'fingerprint' those residuals whose bioassay behavior was comparable to that of virgin materials. In fact, the majority of gray and ductile iron foundry residuals tested during this reported study elicited Microtox(TM) response levels which fell within or below the virgin sand response range, consequently providing another quantifiable layer of Support for this industry's claim that their sands are 'cleaner than dirt.' However, negative Microtox(TM) responses beyond that of the virgin sands were observed with a number of foundry samples (i.e. four of the 11 gray or ductile iron sands plus both non-iron sands). Therefore, the latter results would suggest that these latter residuals be excluded from beneficial reuse for the immediate future, at least until the cause and nature of this negative response has been further identified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waste Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00030-0","issn":"0956053X","usgsCitation":"Bastian, K., and Alleman, J., 1998, Microtox(TM) characterization of foundry sand residuals: Waste Management, v. 18, no. 4, p. 227-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00030-0.","startPage":"227","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206852,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00030-0"},{"id":230965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56ace4b0c8380cd6d740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bastian, K.C.","contributorId":83694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bastian","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alleman, J.E.","contributorId":103824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alleman","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020788,"text":"70020788 - 1998 - Relationships between wind velocity and underwater irradiance in a shallow lake (Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T00:00:04.262443","indexId":"70020788","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between wind velocity and underwater irradiance in a shallow lake (Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA)","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><strong>ABSTRACT:<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>Relationships between wind velocity and the vertical light attenuation coefficient (K<sub>0</sub>) were determined at two locations in a large, shallow lake (Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA). K<sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was significantly correlated with antecedent wind conditions, which explained as much as 90 percent of the daily variation in K<sub>0</sub>.</p><p>Sub-surface irradiance began to change within 60 to 90 minutes of the time when wind velocity exceeded or dropped below a threshold value. Maximum one hour changes in K<sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>were &gt; 50 percent, however, 20 to 30 percent changes were more common. The magnitude of change in K<sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>varied spatially based on differences in sediment type. K<sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>never exceeded 2.8 at a location where bottom sediments were dominated by a mixture of coarse sand and shells. In comparison, K<sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>exceeded 9 during episodic wind events where the bottom sediment was comprised of fine grain mud.</p><p>Underwater irradiance data can be used to determine threshold wind velocity and account for the influence sediment type has on K<sub>0</sub>. Once a threshold velocity has been established, the frequency, rate, and duration of expected change in underwater irradiance can be evaluated. This is critical information for scientists who are studying algal productivity or other light-related phenomena.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb01528.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Hanlon, C., Miller, R.L., and McPherson, B.F., 1998, Relationships between wind velocity and underwater irradiance in a shallow lake (Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA): Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 4, p. 951-961, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb01528.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"961","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230924,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa65be4b0c8380cd84def","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanlon, C.G.","contributorId":7034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanlon","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, B. F.","contributorId":62983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020758,"text":"70020758 - 1998 - Response of bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea) to late Quaternary climatic change in the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70020758","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea) to late Quaternary climatic change in the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"Temperature profoundly influences the physiology and life history characteristics of organisms, particularly in terms of body size. Because so many critical parameters scale with body mass, long-term temperature fluctuations can have dramatic impacts. We examined the response of a small mammalian herbivore, the bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea), to temperature change from 20 000 yr BP to present, at five sites within the Colorado Plateau. Our investigations focused on the relationship between temperature, plant composition and abundance, and woodrat size. Body size was estimated by measuring fossil fecal pellets, a technique validated in earlier work. We found significant and highly covariable patterns in body mass over the five locations, suggesting that responses to temperature fluctuations during the late Quaternary have been very similar. Although woodrat mass and the occurrence of several plant species in the fossil record were significantly correlated, in virtually all instances changes in woodrat size preceded changes in vegetational composition. These results may be due to the greater sensitivity of woodrats to temperature, or to the shorter generation times of woodrats as compared to most plants. An alternative hypothesis is that winter temperatures increased before summer ones. Woodrats are highly sensitive to warmer winters, whereas little response would be expected from forest/woodland plants growing at their lower limits. Our work suggests that woodrat size is a precise paleothermometer, yielding information about temperature variation over relatively short-term temporal and regional scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1998.1982","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Smith, F., and Betancourt, J., 1998, Response of bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea) to late Quaternary climatic change in the Colorado Plateau: Quaternary Research, v. 50, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1982.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206871,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1982"},{"id":231040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa3de4b0c8380cd8620c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, F.A.","contributorId":11373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020748,"text":"70020748 - 1998 - Reductive dissolution and reactive solute transport in a sewage-contaminated glacial outwash aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:16:50","indexId":"70020748","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reductive dissolution and reactive solute transport in a sewage-contaminated glacial outwash aquifer","docAbstract":"Contamination of shallow ground water by sewage effluent typically contains reduced chemical species that consume dissolved oxygen, developing either a low oxygen geochemical environment or an anaerobic geochemical environment. Based on the load of reduced chemical species discharged to shallow ground water and the amounts of reactants in the aquifer matrix, it should be possible to determine chemical processes in the aquifer and compare observed results to predicted ones. At the Otis Air Base research site (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) where sewage effluent has infiltrated the shallow aquifer since 1936, bacterially mediated processes such as nitrification, denitrification, manganese reduction, and iron reduction have been observed in the contaminant plume. In specific areas of the plume, dissolved manganese and iron have increased significantly where local geochemical conditions are favorable for reduction and transport of these constituents from the aquifer matrix. Dissolved manganese and iron concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 7.3 mg/L, and 0.001 to 13.0 mg/L, respectively, for 21 samples collected from 1988 to 1989. Reduction of manganese and iron is linked to microbial oxidation of sewage carbon, producing bicarbonate and the dissolved metal ions as by-products. Calculated production and flux of CO2 through the unsaturated zone from manganese reduction in the aquifer was 0.035 g/m2/d (12% of measured CO2 flux during winter). Manganese is limited in the aquifer, however. A one-dimensional, reaction-coupled transport model developed for the mildly reducing conditions in the sewage plume nearest the source beds showed that reduction, transport, and removal of manganese from the aquifer sediments should result in iron reduction where manganese has been depleted.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02832.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., and Bennett, P., 1998, Reductive dissolution and reactive solute transport in a sewage-contaminated glacial outwash aquifer: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 4, p. 583-595, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02832.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"595","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3e9e4b0e8fec6cdba1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, P.C.","contributorId":24357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020722,"text":"70020722 - 1998 - Episodic plate separation and fracture infill on the surface of Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020722","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic plate separation and fracture infill on the surface of Europa","docAbstract":"Images obtained by the Voyager spacecraft revealed dark, wedge-shaped bands on Europa that were interpreted as evidence that surface plates, 50- 100 km across, moved and rotated relative to each other. This implied that they may be mechanically decoupled from the interior by a layer of warm ice or liquid water. Here we report similar features seen in higher resolution images (420 metres per pixel) obtained by the Galileo spacecraft that reveal new details of wedge-band formation. In particular, the interior of one dark band shows bilateral symmetry of parallel lineaments and pit complexes which indicates that plate separation occurred in discrete episodes from a central axis. The images also show that this style of tectonic activity involved plates < 10 km across. Although this tectonic style superficially resembles aspects of similar activity on Earth, such as sea-floor spreading and the formation of ice leads in polar seas, there are significant differences in the underlying physical mechanisms: the wedge-shaped bands on Europa most probably formed when lower material (ice or water) rose to fill the fractures that widened in response to regional surface stresses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/34874","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, R., Greeley, R., Homan, K., Klemaszewski, J., Belton, M.J., Carr, M.H., Chapman, C.R., Tufts, R., Head, J.W., Pappalardo, R., Moore, J., and Thomas, P., 1998, Episodic plate separation and fracture infill on the surface of Europa: Nature, v. 391, no. 6665, p. 371-373, https://doi.org/10.1038/34874.","startPage":"371","endPage":"373","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/34874"},{"id":231079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"391","issue":"6665","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a13e4b0c8380cd521b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, R.","contributorId":63134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Homan, K.","contributorId":83700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klemaszewski, J.","contributorId":53556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemaszewski","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chapman, C. R.","contributorId":12984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tufts, R.","contributorId":34681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tufts","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Head, J. W. III","contributorId":106267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pappalardo, R.","contributorId":84924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pappalardo","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moore, Jeff","contributorId":49059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Thomas, P.","contributorId":59185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70020645,"text":"70020645 - 1998 - Solution of the advection-dispersion equation in two dimensions by a finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-06T06:37:03","indexId":"70020645","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solution of the advection-dispersion equation in two dimensions by a finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method","docAbstract":"<p>We extend the finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method (FVELLAM) for solution of the advection-dispersion equation to two dimensions. The method can conserve mass globally and is not limited by restrictions on the size of the grid Peclet or Courant number. Therefore, it is well suited for solution of advection-dominated ground-water solute transport problems. In test problem comparisons with standard finite differences, FVELLAM is able to attain accurate solutions on much coarser space and time grids. On fine grids, the accuracy of the two methods is comparable. A critical aspect of FVELLAM (and all other ELLAMs) is evaluation of the mass storage integral from the preceding time level. In FVELLAM this may be accomplished with either a forward or backtracking approach. The forward tracking approach conserves mass globally and is the preferred approach. The backtracking approach is less computationally intensive, but not globally mass conservative. Boundary terms are systematically represented as integrals in space and time which are evaluated by a common integration scheme in conjunction with forward tracking through time. Unlike the one-dimensional case, local mass conservation cannot be guaranteed, so slight oscillations in concentration can develop, particularly in the vicinity of inflow or outflow boundaries.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(96)00033-4","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., and Russell, T., 1998, Solution of the advection-dispersion equation in two dimensions by a finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method: Advances in Water Resources, v. 21, no. 1, p. 11-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(96)00033-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9258e4b08c986b319e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, T.F.","contributorId":86811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020643,"text":"70020643 - 1998 - Relationship between deer mouse population parameters and dieldrin contamination in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T12:29:34.412582","indexId":"70020643","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between deer mouse population parameters and dieldrin contamination in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"A small-mammal capture-recapture study was conducted in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge to quantify the effects of soil contamination with dieldrin on demographic parameters of deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) populations. Increased dieldrin concentrations were significantly associated with larger deer mouse populations, although the size of populations on contaminated sites decreased during the study. The most parsimonious model for estimating survival rates was one in which survival was a decreasing function of dieldrin concentration. A significantly higher proportion of female deer mice in the populations residing on the more highly contaminated sites exhibited signs of reproductive activity. Development of genetic resistance in P. maniculatus to chronic chemical exposure is suggested as a possible mechanism responsible for the species' observed dominance and relatively high densities on contaminated sites. Under the additional stress of unfavorable environmental conditions, however, these populations may suffer disproportionately greater mortality. The design and analytical methods presented offer a rigorous statistical approach to assessing the effects of environmental contamination on small mammals at the population level.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z97-188","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Allen, D., and Otis, D.L., 1998, Relationship between deer mouse population parameters and dieldrin contamination in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 76, no. 2, p. 243-250, https://doi.org/10.1139/z97-188.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a72de4b0e8fec6cdc3e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, D.L.","contributorId":28324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":64396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020637,"text":"70020637 - 1998 - Microsatellites identify depredated waterfowl remains from glaucous gull stomachs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020637","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microsatellites identify depredated waterfowl remains from glaucous gull stomachs","docAbstract":"Prey remains can provide valuable sources of information regarding causes of predation and the species composition of a predator's diet. Unfortunately, the highly degraded state of many prey samples from gastrointestinal tracts often precludes unambiguous identification. We describe a procedure by which PCR amplification of taxonomically informative microsatellite loci were used to identify species of waterfowl predated by glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus). We found that one microsatellite locus unambiguously distinguished between species of the subfamily Anserinae (whistling ducks, geese and swans) and those of the subfamily Anatidae (all other ducks). An additional locus distinguished the remains of all geese and swan species known to nest on the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta in western Alaska. The study focused on two waterfowl species which have experienced precipitous declines in population numbers: emperor geese (Chen canagica) and spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri). No evidence of predation on spectacled eiders was observed. Twenty-six percent of all glaucous gull stomachs examined contained the remains of juvenile emperor geese.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00434.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K., and Bowman, T.D., 1998, Microsatellites identify depredated waterfowl remains from glaucous gull stomachs: Molecular Ecology, v. 7, no. 10, p. 1401-1405, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00434.x.","startPage":"1401","endPage":"1405","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00434.x"},{"id":231460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56a3e4b0c8380cd6d70d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020596,"text":"70020596 - 1998 - Soil relative dating of moraine and outwash-terrace sequences in the northern part of the upper Arkansas Valley, central Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T16:48:03.555908","indexId":"70020596","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil relative dating of moraine and outwash-terrace sequences in the northern part of the upper Arkansas Valley, central Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Profile development indices for soils developed in moraines and outwash near Twin Lakes and in outwash near Leadville support the correlation of moraines with subdued morphology and two high outwash terraces with the Bull Lake glaciation (ca. 130-160 ka) and the correlation of hummocky moraines and two low outwash terraces with the Pinedale glaciation (ca. 14-47 ka). Elsewhere in the northern part of the upper Arkansas Valley, glacial sequences are correlated by mapping outwash terraces near the mouths of major tributaries of the Arkansas River. Near Twin Lakes, indices for soils on low, outer lateral moraines suggest that the older Pinedale glaciers extended beyond the margin of high, younger Pinedale lateral moraines with hummocky topography. A few subdued moraines near Twin Lakes and Leadville probably record one or more glaciations significantly older than the Bull Lake. The downvalley extent of Pinedale glaciers in the Mosquito Range on the east side of the Arkansas Valley is uncertain: most likely, Pinedale glaciers were almost as extensive as Bull Lake glaciers but built no prominent terminal moraines at their maximum positions.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2307/1552007","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.R., and Shroba, R.R., 1998, Soil relative dating of moraine and outwash-terrace sequences in the northern part of the upper Arkansas Valley, central Colorado, U.S.A.: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 30, no. 4, p. 349-361, https://doi.org/10.2307/1552007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"361","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Arkansas Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.55424916680141,\n              39.35315747091269\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.55424916680141,\n              38.485816551002046\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.87672158145713,\n              38.485816551002046\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.87672158145713,\n              39.35315747091269\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.55424916680141,\n              39.35315747091269\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9215e4b08c986b319cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020595,"text":"70020595 - 1998 - Type curves to determine the relative importance of advection and dispersion for solute and vapor transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:23:19","indexId":"70020595","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Type curves to determine the relative importance of advection and dispersion for solute and vapor transport","docAbstract":"The relative importance of advection and dispersion for both solute and vapor transport can be determined from type curves or concentration, flux, or cumulative flux. The dimensionless form of the type curves provides a means to directly evaluate the importance of mass transport by advection relative to that of mass transport by diffusion and dispersion. Type curves based on an analytical solution to the advection-dispersion equation are plotted in terms of dimensionless time and Peclet number. Flux and cumulative flux type curves provide additional rationale for transport regime determination in addition to the traditional concentration type curves. The extension of type curves to include vapor transport with phase partitioning in the unsaturated zone is a new development. Type curves for negative Peclet numbers also are presented. A negative Peclet number characterizes a problem in which one direction of flow is toward the contamination source, and thereby diffusion and advection can act in opposite directions. Examples are the diffusion of solutes away from the downgradient edge of a pump-and-treat capture zone, the upward diffusion of vapors through the unsaturated zone with recharge, and the diffusion of solutes through a low hydraulic conductivity cutoff wall with an inward advective gradient.","largerWorkTitle":"Wiley","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02102.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Garges, J., and Baehr, A.L., 1998, Type curves to determine the relative importance of advection and dispersion for solute and vapor transport: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 6, p. 959-965, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02102.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"965","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd1ce4b0c8380cd4e630","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garges, J.A.","contributorId":8253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garges","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}