In 1980, the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers transported a sulfate load of 1.2 million and 1.35 million tons, respectively, to the Ohio River at Pittsburgh. The Monongahela River Basin had a sulfate yield of 184 tons per square mile per year compared to 105 tons per square mile per year for the Allegheny River Basin. Within the large Allegheny and Monongahela River Basins, the subbasins with the highest sulfate yields in tons per square mile per year were those of Redstone Creek (580), Blacklick Creek (524), Conemaugh River (292), Buffalo Creek (247), Stonycreek River (239), Two Lick Creek (231), Dunkard Creek (212), and Loyalhanna Creek (196). These basins have been extensively mined. The sulfate yields of Brokenstraw and Conewango Creeks, which are outside the area underlain by coal and thus contain no coal mines, were 25 and 24 tons per square mile per year, respectively.
Within the Allegheny and Monongahela River Basins, seven sites showed significant trends in sulfate concentration from 1965 to 1995. Dunkard Creek and Stonycreek River show significant upward trends in sulfate concentration. These trends appear to be related to increases in coal production in the two basins from 1965 to 1995. Blacklick Creek at Josephine and Loyalhanna Creek at Loyalhanna Dam show significant downward trends in sulfate concentration between 1965 and 1995. Blacklick Creek had a 50-percent decrease in sulfate concentration. Coal production in the Blacklick Creek Basin, which reached its peak at almost 4 million tons per year in the 1940's, dropped to less than 1 million tons per year by 1995. In the Loyalhanna Creek Basin, which had a 41-percent decrease in sulfate concentration, coal-production rates dropped steadily from more than 1.5 million tons per year in the 1940's to less than 200,000 tons per year in 1995.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994208","usgsCitation":"Sams, J.I., and Beer, K.M., 2000, Effects of coal-mine drainage on stream water quality in the Allegheny and Monongahela River Basins — Sulfate transport and trends: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4208, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994208.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394478,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23447.htm"},{"id":2504,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4208/wri19994208.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1999-4208"},{"id":159741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4208/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Allegheny and Monongahela River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6170,\n 38.45\n ],\n [\n -77.867,\n 38.45\n ],\n [\n -77.867,\n 42.35\n ],\n [\n -80.6170,\n 42.35\n ],\n [\n -80.6170,\n 38.45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"
Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
","tableOfContents":"
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The geology, hydrology, hydraulic properties, and distribution of contaminants in the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer at the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site in Belvidere, Illinois, were characterized on the basis of data collected from boreholes by use of packer assemblies, flowmeter logging, and borehole ground-penetrating radar. Four permeable intervals were identified in the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer: (1) a shallow, subhorizontal fracture from 37 to 40 feet below land surface; (2) an inclined fracture from 75 to 85 feet; (3) a shallow, vuggy interval from 90 to 100 feet; and (4) a deep, vuggy interval from about 140 to 180 feet. The calculated horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the two fractured intervals exceeds 50 feet per day and is more than an order of magnitude greater than that of the vuggy intervals. Water levels in the Galena-Platteville aquifer respond to pumping cycles in the Belvidere municipal-supply wells below a depth of at least 180 feet.
Results of flowmeter logging and constant discharge aquifer testing indicate that the shallow, subhorizontal fracture is hydraulically connected to the overlying unconsolidated aquifer. Discrete inclined fractures are the primary conduits for vertical ground-water flow between the permeable units within the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer, and perhaps for flow to the deeper parts of the aquifer. The inclined fractures may become less permeable with depth.
A maximum effective porosity in the deep, vuggy interval of 8.8 percent was calculated from hydrologic and borehole radar-tomography data collected during tracer testing. The average maximum horizontal ground-water velocity through this interval was calculated at 21.4 feet per day using cross-hole radar tomography under a hydraulic gradient of 1.25 feet per foot.
Trichloroethene, trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethene are the primary volatile organic compounds detected in the aquifer. There is no distinct pattern of the concentration of volatile organic compounds with depth; however, the highest concentrations tend to be present in the shallow part of the aquifer at the site. Movement of organic compounds through vertical fractures may account for their presence in the deeper parts of the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994138","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Yeskis, D., Lane, J., Mills, P., Joesten, P., Cygan, G., and Ursic, J., 2000, Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality of the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer at the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site in Belvidere, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4138, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994138.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95535,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4138/report.pdf","size":"5526","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4138/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Belvidere","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.83807241916656,\n 42.26712715934989\n ],\n [\n -88.83430659770966,\n 42.26712715934989\n ],\n [\n -88.83430659770966,\n 42.26919934059126\n ],\n [\n -88.83807241916656,\n 42.26919934059126\n ],\n [\n -88.83807241916656,\n 42.26712715934989\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, D.J.","contributorId":105334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, P. C.","contributorId":69117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cygan, G.L.","contributorId":56379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cygan","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ursic, J.R.","contributorId":9518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ursic","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":26290,"text":"wri994204 - 2000 - Environmental and hydrologic overview of the Yukon River basin, Alaska and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri994204","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4204","title":"Environmental and hydrologic overview of the Yukon River basin, Alaska and Canada","docAbstract":"The Yukon River, located in northwestern Canada and central Alaska, drains an area of more than 330,000 square miles, making it the fourth largest drainage basin in North America. Approximately 126,000 people live in this basin and 10 percent of these people maintain a subsistence lifestyle, depending on the basin's fish and game resources. Twenty ecoregions compose the Yukon River Basin, which indicates the large diversity of natural features of the watershed, such as climate, soils, permafrost, and geology.\r\n\r\nAlthough the annual mean discharge of the Yukon River near its mouth is more than 200,000 cubic feet per second, most of the flow occurs in the summer months from snowmelt, rainfall, and glacial melt. Eight major rivers flow into the Yukon River. Two of these rivers, the Tanana River and the White River, are glacier-fed rivers and together account for 29 percent of the total water flow of the Yukon. Two others, the Porcupine River and the Koyukuk River, are underlain by continuous permafrost and drain larger areas than the Tanana and the White, but together contribute only 22 percent of the total water flow in the Yukon.\r\n\r\nAt its mouth, the Yukon River transports about 60 million tons of suspended sediment annually into the Bering Sea. However, an estimated 20 million tons annually is deposited on flood plains and in braided reaches of the river. The waters of the main stem of the Yukon River and its tributaries are predominantly calcium magnesium bicarbonate waters with specific conductances generally less than 400 microsiemens per centimeter. Water quality of the Yukon River Basin varies temporally between summer and winter. Water quality also varies spatially among ecoregions","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994204","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., Wang, B., and Meade, R.H., 2000, Environmental and hydrologic overview of the Yukon River basin, Alaska and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4204, v, 106 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;22 x 28 cm.; 37 illus.; 15 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994204.","productDescription":"v, 106 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;22 x 28 cm.; 37 illus.; 15 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1978,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meade, Robert H. 0000-0002-4965-3040 rhmeade@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3040","contributorId":2744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"Robert","email":"rhmeade@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25776,"text":"wri994139 - 2000 - Sources, instream transport, and trends of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment in the lower Tennessee River basin, 1980-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T19:55:56.107022","indexId":"wri994139","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4139","title":"Sources, instream transport, and trends of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment in the lower Tennessee River basin, 1980-96","docAbstract":"In 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began an assessment of the lower Tennessee River Basin as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Existing nutrient and sediment data from 1980 to 1996 were compiled, screened, and interpreted to estimate watershed inputs from nutrient sources, provide a general description of the distribution and transport of nutrients and sediments in surface water, and evaluate trends in nutrient and sediment concentrations in the lower Tennessee (LTEN) River Basin.
Nitrogen inputs from major sources varied widely among tributary basins in the LTEN River Basin. Point source wastewater discharges contributed between 0 and 0.61 tons per square mile per year [(tons/mi2)/yr]. Of the nonpoint sources of nitrogen for which inputs were estimated (atmospheric deposition, nitrogen fixation, fertilizer application, and livestock waste) livestock waste contributed the largest input in about two-thirds (7 out of 11) of the tributary basins, and fertilizer application contributed the largest input in the remaining 4 basins. Nitrogen input from fertilizer application was the most variable spatially among the nonpoint sources of nitrogen, ranging from 1.5 to 23 (tons/mi2)/yr. Atmospheric deposition estimates varied the least from basin to basin, ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 (tons/mi2)/yr. Estimates of nitrogen input from livestock waste ranged between 2.0 to 13 (tons/mi2)/yr. The percentage of the input from each of these nonpoint sources that entered the surface-water system is not known.
Wastewater discharge contributed between 0 and 0.14 (ton/mi2)/yr of phosphorus to tributary basins. Livestock waste contributed most of the input in 8 out of the 11 basins, and fertilizer application contributed the most in the remaining 3 basins. Estimates of phosphorus input for fertilizer application ranged from 0.35 to 5.1 (tons/mi2)/yr and from 0.62 to 4.3 (tons/mi2)/yr from livestock waste.
Reservoirs on the main stem of the Tennessee River and on the Duck and Elk Rivers affect nutrient transport because hydrodynamic conditions in the reservoirs promote assimilation by aquatic plants and deposition of particulate matter. Observed decreases in total nitrite plus nitrate and dissolved-orthophosphorus concentrations in reservoirs or at sites downstream of reservoirs during summer months were probably related to seasonality of plant growth.
Nutrient and sediment data used to estimate annual instream loads and yields were compiled from various water-quality monitoring programs and represent the best available data in the LTEN River Basin, but these data have several characteristics that limit accuracy of load estimates. Many of the monitoring programs were not designed with the objective of annual load estimation, and data representing storm transport are, therefore, sparse; sampling and analytical methods varied through time and among the monitoring programs, hampering spatial and temporal comparisons. The load estimates computed from these data are useful for evaluating broad spatial patterns of instream load, and comparisons of instream load to inputs, but may not be sufficiently accurate for local-scale evaluations of water quality.
Estimates of the mean annual instream load of total nitrogen entering (Chattanooga, Tenn.) and leaving (Paducah, Ky.) the LTEN River Basin were 29,000 and 60,000 tons per year (tons/yr), respectively. These estimates represent a gain of 31,000 tons/yr, on average, across the area (18,930 mi2) between these inlet and outlet sites. The sum of the mean annual instream load from gaged tributaries to the main stem within the study unit was 14,000 tons/yr; however, this number cannot be directly compared with the gain between the inlet and outlet sites because (1) the gaged area represents only 30 percent of the total area and (2) the period of record at many tributary sites did not correspond with the period of record at the inlet or outlet sites.
Estimates of mean annual instream load of total phosphorus at the inlet and outlet sites of the LTEN River Basin were 1,300 and 5,000 tons/yr, respectively, representing a gain of 3,700 tons/yr, on average, across the study unit. The sum of the gaged tributary load, representing only 28 percent of the area contributing to the main stem, was 4,300 tons/yr. Although this number cannot be closely compared with the gain throughout the study unit, for the same reasons given for total nitrogen, a general comparison suggests that the main stem of the Tennessee River and the tributary embayments along the main stem function as a sink for total phosphorus, removing a substantial amount from the water column through deposition or assimilation.
The estimates of inputs can be compared and correlated with yields (area-normalized instream loads); significant correlations between estimates of inputs and yields might be useful as predictive tools for instream water quality where monitoring data are not available. Yields of nitrogen correlated moderately well with inputs from nonpoint sources, based on 1992 estimates. Nitrogen yield was highest [3.5 (tons/mi2)/yr] for Town Creek, for which the balance of nonpoint-source inputs to agricultural lands (fertilizer application plus nitrogen fixation plus livestock waste minus harvest) was also the highest [15 (tons/mi2)/yr]. Nitrogen yield was low [1.0 (tons/mi2)/yr] for the Buffalo River, for which the balance of agricultural nonpoint-source input was correspondingly low [3.2 (tons/mi2)/yr, the second lowest]. Correlation of wastewater discharge with yield was poor, and contrasted with the significant correlation between wastewater discharge and median nitrogen concentration during low streamflow. The poor correlation between wastewater discharge and annual yield was expected, however, as wastewater discharge is a small fraction compared with annual yield.
In contrast with nitrogen, phosphorus yield did not correlate well with any estimated inputs or land-use types for the tributary basins. Phosphorus yield was highest [1.1 and 0.93 (tons/mi2)/yr] at two sites along the Duck River and at Elk River near Prospect [0.89 (ton/mi2)/yr]; however, estimates of inputs at these sites were in the middle of their respective ranges. The influence of the outcrop of phosphatic limestone formations of the brown-phosphate districts in the lower Duck and lower Elk River Basins might be responsible for the poor correlation between estimated inputs and yields of phosphorus. The outcrop pattern of these phosphatic limestones are an important factor to consider as regional boundaries are established for attainable, region-specific water-quality criteria for total phosphorus.
Estimates of sediment input from cropland soil erosion in 1992 ranged from 51 to 540 (tons/mi2)/yr among the major hydrologic units in the LTEN River Basin. Information was not available to estimate this input for individual tributaries. Sediment yield estimates ranged from 65 to 263 (tons/mi2)/yr for the three tributary monitoring basins for which instream data were available, and from 17 to 26 (tons/mi2)/yr for the Tennessee River at South Pittsburg and at Pickwick Landing Dam, respectively. Lower sediment yields for the main stem sites compared with the tributary sites is probably due to sediment deposition in the main stem of the Tennessee River and tributary embayments along the main stem.
Most of the significant trends in nutrient concentrations from about 1985 to about 1995 were decreasing trends, except for total nitrite plus nitrate, which increased at one site on the Elk River. The spatial distribution of decreasing trends of total nitrogen and total ammonia corresponds with the spatial variation among basins in wastewater loading rate. The time period of observed trends corresponds to the period of improvements in municipal treatment, thus decreases in wastewater effluent concentrations of nitrogen might be responsible for the decreasing trend in instream concentrations at these sites. Concentrations of total phosphorus did not decrease during this period at these sites, as might have been expected considering the reductions in wastewater input of phosphorus during this period.
The Great and Little Miami River Basins drain approximately 7,354 square miles in southwestern Ohio and southeastern Indiana and are included in the more than 50 major river basins and aquifer systems selected for water-quality assessment as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Principal streams include the Great and Little Miami Rivers in Ohio and the Whitewater River in Indiana. The Great and Little Miami River Basins are almost entirely within the Till Plains section of the Central Lowland physiographic province and have a humid continental climate, characterized by well-defined summer and winter seasons. With the exception of a few areas near the Ohio River, Pleistocene glacial deposits, which are predominantly till, overlie lower Paleozoic limestone, dolomite, and shale bedrock. The principal aquifer is a complex buried-valley system of sand and gravel aquifers capable of supporting sustained well yields exceeding 1,000 gallons per minute. Designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as a sole-source aquifer, the Buried-Valley Aquifer System is the principal source of drinking water for 1.6 million people in the basins and is the dominant source of water for southwestern Ohio. Water use in the Great and Little Miami River Basins averaged 745 million gallons per day in 1995. Of this amount, 48 percent was supplied by surface water (including the Ohio River) and 52 percent was supplied by ground water.
Land-use and waste-management practices influence the quality of water found in streams and aquifers in the Great and Little Miami River Basins. Land use is approximately 79 percent agriculture, 13 percent urban (residential, industrial, and commercial), and 7 percent forest. An estimated 2.8 million people live in the Great and Little Miami River Basins; major urban areas include Cincinnati and Dayton, Ohio. Fertilizers and pesticides associated with agricultural activity, discharges from municipal and industrial wastewater-treatment and thermoelectric plants, urban runoff, and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes contribute contaminants to surface water and ground water throughout the study area.
Surface water and ground water in the Great and Little Miami River Basins are classified as very hard, calcium-magnesiumbicarbonate waters. The major-ion composition and hardness of surface water and ground water reflect extensive contact with the carbonate-rich soils, glacial sediments, and limestone or dolomite bedrock. Dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan II, and lindane are the most commonly reported organochlorine pesticides in streams draining the Great and Little Miami River Basins. Peak concentrations of the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor in streams commonly are associated with post-application runoff events. Nitrate concentrations in surface water average 3 to 4 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in the larger streams and also show strong seasonal variations related to application periods and runoff events.
Ambient iron concentrations in ground water pumped from aquifers in the Great and Little Miami River Basins often exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (300 micrograms per liter). Chloride concentrations are below aesthetic drinking-water guidelines (250 mg/L), except in ground water pumped from low-yielding Ordovician shale; chloride concentrations in sodium-chloriderich ground water pumped from the shale bedrock can exceed 1,000 mg/L. Some of the highest average nitrate concentrations in ground water in Ohio and Indiana are found in wells completed in the buried-valley aquifer; these concentrations typically are found in those parts of the sand and gravel aquifer that are not overlain by clay-rich till. Atrazine was the most commonly detected herbicide in private wells. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in ground water generally were below Federal drinking-water standards, except near areas of known or suspected contamination.
Evaluation of fish and macroinvertebrate community performance in streams and rivers draining the Great and Little Miami River Basins indicates that most streams meet basic aquatic-life-use criteria set by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency for warmwater habitat. Stream reaches whose biological community performance meet aquatic-lifeuse criteria defined for exceptional warmwater habitat are found in Twin Creek, the Upper Great Miami River, the Little Miami River, and the Whitewater River Basins. Other streams have exhibited significant improvements in biological community performance (and water quality)'that are attributed primarily to reduced pollutant loadings from wastewater-treatment plants upgraded since 1972.
Four hydrogeomorphic regions were delineated in the Great and Little Miami River Basins based on distinct and relatively homogeneous natural characteristics. Primary features used to delineate the hydrogeomorphic regions include bedrock geology, surficial geology, physiography, hydrology, soil types, and vegetation. These four regions Till Plains, Drift Plains/Unglaciated, Interlobate, and Fluvial are used in the Great and Little Miami River Basins study to assess the influence of natural features of the environmental setting on surface- and ground-water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri994201","usgsCitation":"Debrewer, L.M., Rowe, G.L., Reutter, D., Moore, R.C., Hambrook, J.A., and Baker, N.T., 2000, Environmental Setting and Effects on Water Quality in the Great and Little Miami River Basins, Ohio and Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 1999–4201, Report: ix, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994201.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 98 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4201/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":95532,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4201/wri19994201.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1999-4201"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Great Miami River Basin, Little Miami River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.2486572265625,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -84.342041015625,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -84.4683837890625,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -84.6112060546875,\n 38.96368010198575\n ],\n [\n -84.74853515625,\n 38.89530825492018\n ],\n [\n -84.8309326171875,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -84.81994628906249,\n 38.80975079723835\n ],\n [\n -85.0506591796875,\n 38.77978137804918\n ],\n [\n -85.24841308593749,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -85.4022216796875,\n 38.71123253895224\n ],\n [\n -85.4351806640625,\n 38.53097889440026\n ],\n [\n -85.63842773437499,\n 38.40194908237825\n ],\n [\n -85.7537841796875,\n 38.285624966683756\n ],\n [\n -85.7977294921875,\n 38.5008925889646\n ],\n [\n -85.7977294921875,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 38.86965182408357\n ],\n [\n -85.7757568359375,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -85.7647705078125,\n 39.57605638518604\n ],\n [\n -85.7098388671875,\n 39.74943369178247\n ],\n [\n -85.6768798828125,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -85.462646484375,\n 40.32141999593439\n ],\n [\n -84.957275390625,\n 40.59727063442027\n ],\n [\n -84.638671875,\n 40.772221877329024\n ],\n [\n -84.22119140625,\n 40.9052096972736\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -82.694091796875,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -81.837158203125,\n 41.42625319507272\n ],\n [\n -81.727294921875,\n 41.51680395810118\n ],\n [\n -81.551513671875,\n 41.40153558289846\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 41.12074559016745\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -81.221923828125,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -81.5185546875,\n 40.47202439692057\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -82.034912109375,\n 39.85072092501597\n ],\n [\n -83.08959960937499,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -83.594970703125,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 39.01064750994083\n ],\n [\n -83.9794921875,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -84.0234375,\n 38.796908303484294\n ],\n [\n -84.1552734375,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 38.831149809348744\n ],\n [\n -84.2486572265625,\n 38.90813299596705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Colubus, OH 43229-1737
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994215","usgsCitation":"Childers, D., Kresch, D., Gustafson, S.A., Randle, T., Melena, J., and Cluer, B., 2000, Hydrologic data collected during the 1994 Lake Mills drawdown experiment, Elwha River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4215, vi, 115 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994215.","productDescription":"vi, 115 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411818,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_32187.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":274555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4215/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.583,\n 48.017\n ],\n [\n -123.608,\n 48.017\n ],\n [\n -123.608,\n 47.968\n ],\n [\n -123.583,\n 47.968\n ],\n [\n -123.583,\n 48.017\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childers, Dallas","contributorId":57861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Dallas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kresch, D. L.","contributorId":52559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresch","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gustafson, S. A.","contributorId":101285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randle, T. J.","contributorId":59074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randle","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melena, J.T.","contributorId":10837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melena","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cluer, Brian","contributorId":87587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cluer","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70111424,"text":"70111424 - 2000 - New earthquake catalog reexamines Hawaii's seismic history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-04T15:04:37","indexId":"70111424","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-05T14:43:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New earthquake catalog reexamines Hawaii's seismic history","docAbstract":"On April 2,1868, an earthquake of magnitude 7.9 occurred beneath the southern part of the island of Hawaii. The quake, which was felt throughout all of the Hawaiian Islands, had a Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity of XII near its source.The destruction caused by a quake that large is nearly complete. A landslide triggered by the quake buried a small village, killing 31 people, and a tsunami that swept over coastal settlements added to the death toll.
\n\nWe know as much as we do about this and other early earthquakes thanks to detailed records kept by Hawaiian missionaries, including the remarkable diary maintained by the Lyman family that documented every earthquake felt at their home in Hilo between 1833 and 1917 [Wyss et al., 1992].Our analysis of these and other historical records indicates that Hawaii was at least as intensely seismic in the 19th century and first half of the 20th century as in its more recent past, with 26 M ≥6.0 earthquakes occurring from 1823 to 1903 and 20 M ≥6.0 earthquakes from 1904 to 1959. Just five M ≥6.0 earthquakes occurred from 1960 to 1999. The potential damage caused by a repeat of some of the larger historic events could be catastrophic today.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online Library","doi":"10.1029/00EO00063","usgsCitation":"Wright, T., and Klein, F.W., 2000, New earthquake catalog reexamines Hawaii's seismic history: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 81, no. 10, p. 101-107, https://doi.org/10.1029/00EO00063.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"107","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/00eo00063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288091,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/00EO00063"}],"volume":"81","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53903ff2e4b04eea98bf852b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, Fred W. klein@usgs.gov","contributorId":4417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Fred","email":"klein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70111411,"text":"70111411 - 2000 - Airborne electromagnetics (EM) as a three-dimensional aquifer-mapping tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-04T14:03:29","indexId":"70111411","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-05T13:53:44","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Airborne electromagnetics (EM) as a three-dimensional aquifer-mapping tool","docAbstract":"The San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona hosts a major migratory bird flyway, and was declared a Riparian Conservation Area by Congress in 1988. Recharge of the adjacent Upper San Pedro Valley aquifer was thought to come primarily from the Huachuca Mountains, but the U. S. Army Garrison of Fort Huachuca and neighboring city of Sierra Vista have been tapping this aquifer for many decades, giving rise to claims that they jointly threatened the integrity of the Riparian Conservation Area. For this reason, the U. S. Army funded two airborne geophysical surveys over the Upper San Pedro Valley (see figure 1), and these have provided us valuable information on the aquifer and the complex basement structure underlying the modern San Pedro Valley. Euler deconvolution performed on the airborne magnetic data has provided a depth-to-basement map that is substantially more complex than a map obtained earlier from gravity data, as would be expected from the higher-resolution magnetic data. However, we found the output of the Euler deconvolution to have \"geologic noise\" in certain areas, interpreted to be post-Basin-and-Range Tertiary volcanic flows in the sedimentary column above the basement but below the ground surface.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings Volume, SAGEEP-2000 Conference","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","usgsCitation":"Wynn, J., Pool, D., Bultman, M., Gettings, M., and Lemieux, J., 2000, Airborne electromagnetics (EM) as a three-dimensional aquifer-mapping tool, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":244,"text":"Eastern Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288084,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/jwynn/10sageep2k.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53903fe2e4b04eea98bf84e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, Jeff 0000-0002-8102-3882 jwynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-3882","contributorId":2803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeff","email":"jwynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, Don","contributorId":102797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bultman, Mark","contributorId":74045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bultman","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gettings, Mark E.","contributorId":100293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"Mark E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lemieux, Jean","contributorId":97430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemieux","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70243556,"text":"70243556 - 2000 - The global occurrence of natural gas hydrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T18:26:45.218189","indexId":"70243556","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:20:54","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The global occurrence of natural gas hydrate","docAbstract":"Natural gas hydrate occurs worldwide in oceanic sediment of continental and insular slopes and rises of active and passive margins, in deep-water sediment of inland lakes and seas, and in polar sediment on both continents and continental shelves. In aquatic sediment, where water depths exceed about 300 m and bottom water temperatures approach 0° C, gas hydrate is found at the seafloor to sediment depths of about 1,100 m. In polar continental regions, gas hydrate can be present in sediment at depths between about 150 and 2000 m. Thus, natural gas hydrate is restricted to the shallow geosphere where its presence affects the physical and chemical properties of near-surface sediment. An updated global inventory reports on natural gas hydrate recovered from 19 places worldwide and includes 77 places where the presence of gas hydrate has been inferred from geophysical, geochemical, and geological evidence. The potential amount of methane in natural gas hydrate is enormous, with current estimates converging around about 10 teratonnes (1019 g) of methane carbon.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Natural gas hydrates: Occurrence, distribution, and detection","doi":"10.1029/GM124p0003","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K.A., and Lorenson, T., 2000, The global occurrence of natural gas hydrate, p. 3-18, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM124p0003.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":872354,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":872355,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenson, Thomas 0000-0001-7669-2873 tlorenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-2873","contributorId":174599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"Thomas","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70104178,"text":"70104178 - 2000 - Some geophysical work in the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-12T12:32:18","indexId":"70104178","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T12:15:58","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Some geophysical work in the U.S. Geological Survey","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the symposium on the Application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.L., Labson, V., and Grauch, V., 2000, Some geophysical work in the U.S. Geological Survey, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371ed8be4b0844954788460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, D. 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Streams and ground waters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","doi":"10.1016/B978-012389845-6/50002-8","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., and Wagner, B.J., 2000, Quantifying hydrologic interactions between streams and their subsurface hyporheic zones, chap. of Streams and ground waters, p. 3-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012389845-6/50002-8.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6ec5e4b0b29085105fd9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jones, Jeremy B.","contributorId":113650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509706,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulholland, Patrick J.","contributorId":112634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":32968,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":509705,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Brian J. bjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Brian","email":"bjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":488604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70094639,"text":"70094639 - 2000 - The Miraflores El Niño disaster: Convergent catastrophes and prehistoric agrarian change in southern Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T13:39:15.086901","indexId":"70094639","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T10:33:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":767,"text":"Andean Past","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Miraflores El Niño disaster: Convergent catastrophes and prehistoric agrarian change in southern Peru","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cornell University Latin American Studies Program","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","usgsCitation":"Satterlee, D.R., Moseley, M.E., Keefer, D.K., and Tapia Arana, J.E., 2000, The Miraflores El Niño disaster: Convergent catastrophes and prehistoric agrarian change in southern Peru: Andean Past, v. 6, p. 91-110.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"110","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/andean_past/vol6/iss1/8/"}],"country":"Peru","city":"Moquegua","otherGeospatial":"Osmore River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.67,-18.35 ], [ -84.67,-0.04 ], [ -68.65,-0.04 ], [ -68.65,-18.35 ], [ -84.67,-18.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7708e4b0b2908510b4e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Satterlee, Dennis R.","contributorId":54881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satterlee","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moseley, Michael E.","contributorId":36846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moseley","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tapia Arana, Jorge E.","contributorId":18265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tapia Arana","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21893,"text":"ofr00213 - 2000 - Interagency field manual for the collection of water-quality data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T09:57:18","indexId":"ofr00213","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-213","title":"Interagency field manual for the collection of water-quality data","docAbstract":"Along the United States-Mexico border region, numerous Federal, State, and local agencies; nongovernmental organizations (NGO); and researchers collect water-quality data for many purposes. The water community uses a number of documented and undocumented procedures, some of which have specific data-quality objectives (DQO) and data-information objectives. This mix of procedures results in uncertainties by data users as to data validity and quality. These uncertainties limit the use of the data by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) United States and Mexico; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); State environmental agencies; NGOs; and the public, as well as their counterparts in Mexico.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00213","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"2000, Interagency field manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-213, vi, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00213.","productDescription":"vi, 77 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00213.PNG"},{"id":1258,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00-213","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4e3","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Lurry, Dee L.","contributorId":10766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lurry","given":"Dee","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647045,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolbe, Christine M.","contributorId":79919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolbe","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647046,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23073,"text":"ofr00388 - 2000 - Data-base of surface and ground water samples analyzed for deuterium and oxygen-18 from the western states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-07T14:10:40","indexId":"ofr00388","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-388","title":"Data-base of surface and ground water samples analyzed for deuterium and oxygen-18 from the western states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00388","issn":"0094-9140","isbn":"0607957514","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., 2000, Data-base of surface and ground water samples analyzed for deuterium and oxygen-18 from the western states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-388, 1 computer optical disc :maps ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00388.","productDescription":"1 computer optical disc :maps ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0388/ofr00388.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674aa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174844,"text":"70174844 - 2000 - High flow and riparian vegetation along the San Miguel River, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T14:49:33","indexId":"70174844","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"High flow and riparian vegetation along the San Miguel River, Colorado","docAbstract":"Riparian ecosystems are characterized by abundance of water and frequent flow related disturbance. River regulation typically decreases peak flows, reducing the amount of disturbance and altering the vegetation. The San Miguel River is one of the last relatively unregulated rivers remaining in the Colorado River Watershed. One goal of major landowners along the San Miguel including the Bureau of Land Management and The Nature Conservancy is to maintain their lands in a natural condition. Conservation of an entire river corridor requires an integrated understanding of the variability in ecosystems and external influences along the river. Therefore, the Bureau of Land Management and others have fostered a series of studies designed to catalogue that variability, and to characterize the processes that maintain the river as a whole. In addition to providing information useful to managers, these studies present a rare opportunity to investigate how a Colorado river operates in the absence of regulation.
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