Prior to Euro-American settlement, fire was a ubiquitous force across most of the Eastern United States. Fire regimes spanned a time-scale from chronic to centuries. Fire severity varied from benign to extreme (fig. 1-2). Today, fire is still a major force on the landscape. In some ecosystems fire stabilizes succession at a particular sere, while in others, succession is set back to pioneer species. The wide range in fire regimes coupled with elevation and moisture gradients produce a myriad of plant communities that continually change over time in both stature and composition, although it is not uncommon for the major species to remain dominant. Discussion is primarily about major vegetation types, for example, oak-hickory. However, some minor types such as spruce-fir and Table Mountain pine are also covered. Vegetation types are discussed under the most representative fire regime type, recognizing that some vegetation types overlap two fire regime types (table 4-1).
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It is important that these wooded habitats provide enough food and cover at the right time to support these birds’ requirements. To date, little attention has been given to the conservation of coastal woodlands, habitats in which en route migrants tend to concentrate in large numbers during migration. Because about one-third of North Americas ’ human population lives within 80 km of the coast, many forest-dwelling landbird migrants now depend on degraded native woodlands and urbanized environments for survival during migration. Restoration or rehabilitation of coastal woodlands, such as the cheniers of southwest Louisiana and southeast Texas, is of particular importance because of historic anthropogenic modifications, their limited geographic extent, and the extraordinary abundance and species richness of migratory birds using them during migration. 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Given that the understory structure and regeneration of chenier forests has been so greatly reduced, and that high densities of nearctic-neotropical migrants tend to concentrate in cheniers during migration, restoration and re-habilitation should be conservation priorities in the Chenier Plain.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts and ZRC SAZU Karst Research Institute","doi":"10.3986/ac.v29i2.452","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., 2000, Gypsum-karst collapse in the Black Hills, South Dakota-Wyoming, USA: Acta Carsologica, v. 29, no. 2, p. 103-122, https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v29i2.452.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v29i2.452","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":400069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -102.579345703125,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -102.579345703125,\n 44.95702412512118\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 44.95702412512118\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226489,"text":"70226489 - 2000 - Evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-19T17:23:46.56102","indexId":"70226489","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T11:15:49","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9928,"text":"Bulletin - New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Dinosaur fossils from the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, have been a puzzle to geologists for decades because other stratigraphic and paleontologic evidence indicates that this formation is Paleocene in age. The Paleocene age of the Ojo Alamo is based on the following evidence: (1) the lowermost part of the Nacimiento Formation, which conformably overlies and intertongues with the Ojo Alamo Sandstone in the Ojo Alamo type area in the southern part of the basin, contains Paleocene (Puercan) mammalian fossils; (2) plant megafossils collected from the Ojo Alamo indicate a Tertiary age for this rock unit; (3) pollen-productive rock samples collected from the Ojo Alamo at several localities in the basin have, without exception, yielded Paleocene-age palynomorph assemblages, and conversely, no Cretaceous pollen has ever been reported from Ojo Alamo rock samples. We report here the first discovery of Paleocene palynomorphs from Ojo Alamo Sandstone outcrops in the northern San Juan Basin. The pollen-producing rock samples were collected from a coaly, carbonaceous shale bed 12-m above the base of the Ojo Alamo and 3-m below the level of a large hadrosaur femur (1310-mm long and weighing about 130 kg) collected from this site. The bone was recovered from a cobble-to-boulder conglomeratic sandstone but shows no evidence of abrasion by erosion indicating almost instant burial after death of the animal and early mineralization of the femur. It is our opinion that this bone was not reworked from underlying Cretaceous strata. The data from the San Juan River site indicate that dinosaurs did not die out at the end of the Cretaceous in the San Juan Basin, but lived on for as much as a few hundred thousand years into the Paleocene before finally becoming extinct.
","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science","usgsCitation":"Fassett, J.E., and Lucas, S., 2000, Evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: Bulletin - New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, v. 17, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 35.16482750605027\n ],\n [\n -107.215576171875,\n 35.16482750605027\n ],\n [\n -107.215576171875,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 35.16482750605027\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fassett, James E. jfassett@usgs.gov","contributorId":73590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"James","email":"jfassett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":827091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, Spencer G.","contributorId":80161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Spencer G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221593,"text":"70221593 - 2000 - Kaolinite distribution in Paleocene/Eocene boundary strata of northeastern United States and Pakistan – climatic and stratigraphic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-24T16:10:46.947257","indexId":"70221593","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T11:07:28","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1719,"text":"GFF","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kaolinite distribution in Paleocene/Eocene boundary strata of northeastern United States and Pakistan – climatic and stratigraphic implications","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/11035890001221056","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., Bybell, L.M., Thomas, E., and Zachos, J.C., 2000, Kaolinite distribution in Paleocene/Eocene boundary strata of northeastern United States and Pakistan – climatic and stratigraphic implications: GFF, v. 122, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1080/11035890001221056.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Pakistan, United States","volume":"122","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Ellen","contributorId":260629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Ellen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zachos, James C.","contributorId":211829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zachos","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":38326,"text":"Earth & Planetary Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70231298,"text":"70231298 - 2000 - Mapping woody vegetation and eastern red cedar in the Nebraska Sand Hills using AVIRIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-05T15:51:33.537323","indexId":"70231298","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T10:40:02","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping woody vegetation and eastern red cedar in the Nebraska Sand Hills using AVIRIS","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Beyond 2000, new frontiers in isotope geoscience (incorporating ACOG 4): Abstracts and proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Beyond 2000, New Frontiers in Isotope Geoscience","conferenceDate":"Jan 30-Feb 4, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Lorne, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"Eastern Press","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., and Amelin, Y.V., 2000, Quaternary geochronology using combined U-Pb and U-series methods: The opal perspective, in Beyond 2000, new frontiers in isotope geoscience (incorporating ACOG 4): Abstracts and proceedings, Lorne, Australia, Jan 30-Feb 4, 2000, p. 133-135.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. 0000-0003-4190-0278 lneymark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":140338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid A.","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amelin, Y. V.","contributorId":89679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelin","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226512,"text":"70226512 - 2000 - Silurian and Devonian carbonate-shelf rocks and Lower Jurassic sequence near Rancho Placeritos West-Central Sonora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-22T16:22:52.513307","indexId":"70226512","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T10:17:31","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Silurian and Devonian carbonate-shelf rocks and Lower Jurassic sequence near Rancho Placeritos West-Central Sonora","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Sonora","usgsCitation":"Poole, F.G., Amaya-Martinez, R., and Page, W.R., 2000, Silurian and Devonian carbonate-shelf rocks and Lower Jurassic sequence near Rancho Placeritos West-Central Sonora, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Sonora","otherGeospatial":"Rancho Placeritos","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.11572265625,\n 29.21211052272621\n ],\n [\n -110.90423583984375,\n 29.21211052272621\n ],\n [\n -110.90423583984375,\n 29.34148119149953\n ],\n [\n -111.11572265625,\n 29.34148119149953\n ],\n [\n -111.11572265625,\n 29.21211052272621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poole, Forrest G. 0000-0001-8487-0799 bpoole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-0799","contributorId":1543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"Forrest","email":"bpoole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amaya-Martinez, R.","contributorId":46792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amaya-Martinez","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, William R. 0000-0002-0722-9911 rpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-9911","contributorId":1628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"William","email":"rpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70226511,"text":"70226511 - 2000 - The Sonora Orogen in the Barita de Sonora mine area east of Mazatán, central Sonora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-22T16:20:18.898885","indexId":"70226511","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T10:05:56","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"The Sonora Orogen in the Barita de Sonora mine area east of Mazatán, central Sonora","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Sonora","usgsCitation":"Poole, F.G., and Amaya-Martinez, R., 2000, The Sonora Orogen in the Barita de Sonora mine area east of Mazatán, central Sonora, 27 p.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Sonora","otherGeospatial":"Barita de Sonora mine area","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poole, Forrest G. 0000-0001-8487-0799 bpoole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-0799","contributorId":1543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"Forrest","email":"bpoole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amaya-Martinez, R.","contributorId":46792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amaya-Martinez","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226510,"text":"70226510 - 2000 - Seismotectonics of the 1964 Alaska earthquake as an analog for future tsunamigenic southern Cascadia subduction earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-22T16:04:40.149811","indexId":"70226510","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T09:50:01","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seismotectonics of the 1964 Alaska earthquake as an analog for future tsunamigenic southern Cascadia subduction earthquakes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Penrose conference \"Great Cascadia earthquake tricentennial\"","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Penrose Conference \"Great Cascadia Earthquake Tricentennial\"","conferenceDate":"Jun 4-8, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Seaside, OR","language":"English","publisher":"Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., Carver, G.A., and Clarke, S.H., 2000, Seismotectonics of the 1964 Alaska earthquake as an analog for future tsunamigenic southern Cascadia subduction earthquakes, in Proceedings of Penrose conference \"Great Cascadia earthquake tricentennial\", Seaside, OR, Jun 4-8, 2000, p. 96-97.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"97","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carver, Gary A.","contributorId":196121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carver","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarke, Samuel H. Jr.","contributorId":23610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Samuel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216458,"text":"70216458 - 2000 - Alteration of reactive mineral surfaces by ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-19T15:59:32.684591","indexId":"70216458","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T09:47:28","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Alteration of reactive mineral surfaces by ground water","docAbstract":"Two different investigations of shallow sandy aquifers inform our thinking about the role of reactive iron minerals in hydrogeological systems. Ground water in a number of settings has been described as having elevated concentrations of dissolved iron in anoxic portions of contaminant plumes (e.g. Baedecker et al., 1993; Lyngkilde and Christensen, 1992), and the coupling of microbial reduction of Fe(III) to the degradation of organic compounds links the study of the biogeochemistry of iron to our desire to understand processes influencing contaminated aquifers. Questions about the transport and fate of reactive constituents in ground water are linked to the study of iron through recognition of the importance of sorption processes on sesquioxide mineral surfaces common in sedimentary aquifers limiting the migration of metals, anions, and bacteria. We have been grappling with questions related to the stability of iron mineral phases in contaminated aquifers and the role of Fe(III)- bearing minerals and grain coatings as sorption substrates
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop on monitoring oxidation-reduction processes for ground-water restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on Monitoring Oxidation-Reduction Processes for Ground-water Restoration","conferenceDate":"Apr 25-27, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Dallas, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Herman, J.S., Mills, A., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2000, Alteration of reactive mineral surfaces by ground water, in Workshop on monitoring oxidation-reduction processes for ground-water restoration, Dallas, TX, Apr 25-27, 2000, p. 39-42.","startPage":"39","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":380625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.epa.gov/ada/web/pdf/10003z26.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, Aaron L.","contributorId":189745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Aaron L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70226509,"text":"70226509 - 2000 - Exploring the highest Sierra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-22T15:49:03.956341","indexId":"70226509","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T09:45:16","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Exploring the highest Sierra","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford University Press","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., 2000, Exploring the highest Sierra, 427 p.","productDescription":"427 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.78991699218749,\n 35.69745580725804\n ],\n [\n -118.1304931640625,\n 38.00049145082287\n ],\n [\n -118.828125,\n 38.852542390364235\n ],\n [\n -119.8114013671875,\n 38.93377552819722\n ],\n [\n -120.2618408203125,\n 38.843986129756615\n ],\n [\n -120.3277587890625,\n 38.33303882235456\n ],\n [\n -119.80590820312499,\n 37.36142550190517\n ],\n [\n -118.71826171875,\n 35.92019610057511\n ],\n [\n -117.78991699218749,\n 35.69745580725804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226508,"text":"70226508 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Lima 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, southwest Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-22T15:42:55.793825","indexId":"70226508","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T09:18:06","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":128,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"408","title":"Geologic map of the Lima 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, southwest Montana","docAbstract":"This geologic map represents a compilation of mostly previously unpublished maps by numerous authors. The map is divided into three areas of responsibility: 1) the Tendoy Mountains and western Centennial Mountains, mapped and compiled by Betty Skipp, Susanne Janecke, and Bill Perry (Part A); 2) the Snowcrest Range, mapped by Edward T. Ruppel (Part B), and 3) the remainder of the area, including the Sage Creek basin, the Red Rock Hills, the Blacktail Range, and the Upper Blacktail Deer Creek valley, compiled and mapped by Jeff Lonn and Jim Sears, with data also contributed by Bill Fritz, Hugh Hurlow, and Rob Thomas (Part C). Figure 1 shows mapping responsibilities.
The geologic map (Plate 1) is accompanied by this text pamphlet describing map units for each of the three areas. The same lithologic distinctions among units and the same unit labels were used where possible, usually where formal stratigraphic nomenclature existed, but each area has its own informal Tertiary and Quaternary stratigraphy. References are also given separately in each section. However, correlation diagrams for each of the three areas are shown in a single Correlation Chart for the whole quadrangle (Figure 2).
Plate 2, at the same scale, is provided in order to show more readily the names being applied to specific faults and folds, particularly in the Tendoy Mountains and western Centennial Mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Lonn, J.D., Skipp, B.A., Ruppel, E.T., Janecke, S.U., Perry, W.J., Sears, J.W., Bartholomew, M.J., Stickney, M.C., Fritz, W.J., Hurlow, H.A., and Thomas, R.C., 2000, Geologic map of the Lima 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, southwest Montana: Open-File Report 408, 42 p.","productDescription":"42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/mbmgcat/public/ListCitation.asp?pub_id=11279&"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Lima 30' x 60' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 44.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lonn, J. D.","contributorId":45894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lonn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skipp, Betty A. bskipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Betty","email":"bskipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":827142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, E. T.","contributorId":6041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Janecke, S. U.","contributorId":42296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janecke","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, William J. Jr.","contributorId":32498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sears, J. W.","contributorId":269429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sears","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bartholomew, M. J.","contributorId":70858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomew","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stickney, M. C.","contributorId":96227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickney","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fritz, W. J.","contributorId":269430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fritz","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hurlow, H. A.","contributorId":23676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurlow","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thomas, R. C.","contributorId":269431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70226618,"text":"70226618 - 2000 - Redox equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-30T15:13:00.561796","indexId":"70226618","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T09:11:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Redox equilibria","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oxford companion to the Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","usgsCitation":"Sato, M., 2000, Redox equilibria, chap. of Oxford companion to the Earth, p. 882-886.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"882","endPage":"886","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392241,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sato, Motoaki","contributorId":21550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sato","given":"Motoaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226507,"text":"70226507 - 2000 - The East Range, northwestern Nevada: A neglected key to the tectonic history of the region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-22T15:12:14.312576","indexId":"70226507","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T09:07:46","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The East Range, northwestern Nevada: A neglected key to the tectonic history of the region","docAbstract":"The East Range occupies a strategic position at the western edge of the exposed western facies terrane near the Paleozoic continental margin. There a Cambrian and Ordovician deep-water sequence including the Preble and Valmy Formations is overlain by middle to upper Paleozoic strata that are assigned to three separate stratigraphic sequences on published geologic maps of the range. The three sequences, which include the Havallah sequence, the Inskip Formation, and the Harmony Formation, originally were perceived to be of different ages and lithic composition. The strata assigned to the Havallah are now known to contain conodonts of Late Devonian to Permian ages, and fusulinids of Permian age; those assigned to the Inskip contain conodonts of Early Mississippian and Permian ages and corals of Mississippian age. Strata assigned to the Harmony are undated paleontologically. All three are composed mainly of siliceous deep-water sedimentary deposits. Lower beds of the Havallah and Inskip totalling hundreds of meters in thickness are composed of arkosic sandstone and conglomerate identical to that composing most of the Harmony. The Havallah and Inskip lie disconformably on the quartzitic, middle part of the Valmy Formation. The Harmony lies concordantly on distinctive chert beds at the top of the Valmy Formation. Assuming the latter contact is disconformable rather than a bedding-parallel fault, the East Range displays the stratigraphic bases of all three arkosic map units. The disconformable relation of the Havallah and Inskip to the Valmy Formation indicates elevation of deep-water deposits, subaerial erosion down to Middle Ordovician, and in Late Devonian a return to deep immersion. There is no evidence here of Late Devonian to Early Mississippian folding. Major folds in the East Range must be of Jurassic or younger age because Upper Triassic strata are involved. Evidence of large-scale thrust-faulting is notably scarce. The existence of the Willow Creek thrust shown on published maps of the East Range was based on the mistaken belief that strata below the Valmy Formation are of Triassic age whereas they are actually of Cambrian and earliest Ordovician age.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and ore deposits 2000: The Great Basin and beyond: Geological Society of Nevada symposium proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geology and Ore Deposits 2000: The Great Basin and Beyond: Geological Society of Nevada Symposium","conferenceDate":"May 15-18, 2000","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of Nevada","usgsCitation":"Ketner, K.B., Wardlaw, B.R., Harris, A.G., and Repetski, J.E., 2000, The East Range, northwestern Nevada: A neglected key to the tectonic history of the region, chap. of Geology and ore deposits 2000: The Great Basin and beyond: Geological Society of Nevada symposium proceedings, p. 389-396.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"East Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.871826171875,\n 39.816975090490004\n ],\n [\n -114.81811523437501,\n 39.816975090490004\n ],\n [\n -114.81811523437501,\n 41.87774145109676\n ],\n [\n -119.871826171875,\n 41.87774145109676\n ],\n [\n -119.871826171875,\n 39.816975090490004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":827137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70226617,"text":"70226617 - 2000 - Solar system abundances of the chemical elements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-30T15:06:58.684487","indexId":"70226617","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T09:05:16","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Solar system abundances of the chemical elements","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oxford companion to the Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","usgsCitation":"Brett, R., 2000, Shoemaker, E. M. (Gene), chap. of Oxford companion to the Earth.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"971","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brett, Robin","contributorId":269598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brett","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}