{"pageNumber":"321","pageRowStart":"8000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":18950,"text":"ofr90297 - 1990 - The Sitkoh Bay alkalic plutonic suite: Silurian or older alkalic magmatism on eastern Chichagof Island, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-30T16:35:41.124144","indexId":"ofr90297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-297","title":"The Sitkoh Bay alkalic plutonic suite: Silurian or older alkalic magmatism on eastern Chichagof Island, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr90297","usgsCitation":"Ford, A.B., Brew, D.A., and Loney, R.A., 1990, The Sitkoh Bay alkalic plutonic suite: Silurian or older alkalic magmatism on eastern Chichagof Island, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-297, i, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90297.","productDescription":"i, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390044,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19114.htm"},{"id":48347,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0297/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0297/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Chichagof Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135.63720703125,\n 57.441993391526644\n ],\n [\n -134.769287109375,\n 57.441993391526644\n ],\n [\n -134.769287109375,\n 58.21413156442685\n ],\n [\n -135.63720703125,\n 58.21413156442685\n ],\n [\n -135.63720703125,\n 57.441993391526644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, A. B.","contributorId":44924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":67506,"text":"i1999 - 1990 - Geologic map of the Nevershine Hollow area, eastern Black Mountains, southern Tushar Mountains, and northern Markagunt Plateau, Beaver and Iron Counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T22:33:19.701925","indexId":"i1999","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","title":"Geologic map of the Nevershine Hollow area, eastern Black Mountains, southern Tushar Mountains, and northern Markagunt Plateau, Beaver and Iron Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1999","usgsCitation":"Anderson, J.J., Rowley, P.D., Machette, M.N., Decatur, S.H., and Mehnert, H.H., 1990, Geologic map of the Nevershine Hollow area, eastern Black Mountains, southern Tushar Mountains, and northern Markagunt Plateau, Beaver and Iron Counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1999, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 40.25 × 31.86 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1999.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 40.25 × 31.86 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391596,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10072.htm"},{"id":256615,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1999/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1999/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":256616,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1999/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Beaver County, Iron County","otherGeospatial":"eastern Black Mountains, Hollow area, northern Markagunt Plateau, southern Tushar Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.75,38 ], [ -112.75,38.25 ], [ -112.5,38.25 ], [ -112.5,38 ], [ -112.75,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696278","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, J. J.","contributorId":85620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowley, P. D.","contributorId":87551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Decatur, S. H.","contributorId":65924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decatur","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mehnert, H. H.","contributorId":16382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":34250,"text":"b1859 - 1990 - Road guide to volcanic deposits of Mount St. Helens and vicinity, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:42","indexId":"b1859","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1859","title":"Road guide to volcanic deposits of Mount St. Helens and vicinity, Washington","docAbstract":"Mount St. Helens, the most recently active and most intensively studied Cascades volcano, is in southwestern Washington. The volcano is a superb outdoor laboratory for studying volcanic processes, deposits of observed events, and deposits whose origins are inferred by classic geologic techniques, including analogy to recent deposits. During the past 4,500 years, Mount St. Helens has been more active and more explosive than any other volcano in the conterminous United States. \r\nMount St. Helens became active in mid-March 1980, and eruptive activity began on March 27. Since the climactic eruption of May 18, 1980, the volcano has continued to be active at least until 1988. The 1890 activity of Mount St. Helens is summarized in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers 1249 and 1250. \r\n\r\nThis road guide is a tour of Mount St. Helens volcano and vicinity, with emphasis on the effects and deposits of the 1980 eruption. The road log starts from the U.S. Geological Survey's David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington. The guide is organized around two primary routes. LEG I is on paved and gravel roads from Vancouver to areas east of Mount St. Helens, including Windy Ridge Overlook near Spirit Lake. This is possibly the most scenic route described in the guide, including a transect of the devastated zone of May 18, 1980, Spirit Lake, and numerous vistas of the volcano. LEG II leads to areas west of the volcano from Vancouver via U.S. Interstate Highway 5, then on a paved ... road along the Toutle River. Highlights include the spectacular effects of mudflows and a view of the huge debris-avalanche deposit that was formed on May 18, 1980.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b1859","usgsCitation":"Doukas, M.P., 1990, Road guide to volcanic deposits of Mount St. Helens and vicinity, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1859, v, 53 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1859.","productDescription":"v, 53 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3390,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/NatMonument/RoadGuide/framework.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":166237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1859/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62160,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1859/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fed5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doukas, Michael P. mdoukas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"Michael","email":"mdoukas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":212683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64967,"text":"i1947B - 1990 - Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Pasadena Valley and Ticeska quadrangles, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:15:10","indexId":"i1947B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1947","chapter":"B","title":"Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Pasadena Valley and Ticeska quadrangles, Idaho","docAbstract":"

The Snake River Plain is a broad, arcuate region of low relief that extends more than 300 mi across southern Idaho. The Snake River enters the plain near Idaho Falls and flows westward along the southern margin of the eastern Snake River Plain (fig. 1), a position mainly determined by the basaltic lava flows that erupted near the axis of the plain. The highly productive Snake River Plain aquifer north of the Snaked River underlies the most of the eastern plain. The aquifer is composed of basaltic ricks that are interbedded with fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary rocks. The top of the aquifer (water table) is typically less than 500 ft below the land surface, but is deeper than 1,000 ft in few areas. The Snake River had excavated a canyon into the nearly flat-lying basaltic and sedimentary rocks of the eastern Snake River Plain between Milner Dam and King Hill (fig. 2), a distance of almost 90 mi. For much of its length the canyon intersects the Snake River Plain aquifer, which discharges from the north canyon wall as springs of variable size, spacing, and altitude. Geologic controls on springs are of importance because nearly 60 percent of the aquifer's discharge occurs as spring flow along this reach of the canyon. This report is one of several that describes the geologic occurrence of springs along the northern wall of the Snake River canyon from Milner Dam to King Hill. To understand the local geologic controls on springs, the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a geologic mapping project as part of their Snake River Plain Regional Aquifer System-Analysis Program. Objectives of the project were (1) to prepare a geologic map of a strip of land immediately north of the Snake River canyon, (2) to map the geology of the north canyon wall in profile, (3) to locate spring occurrences along the north side of the Snake River between Milner Dam and King Hill, and (4) to estimate spring discharge from the north wall of the canyon.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/i1947B","usgsCitation":"Covington, H., and Weaver, J.N., 1990, Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Pasadena Valley and Ticeska quadrangles, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1947, 34.22 x 27.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1947B.","productDescription":"34.22 x 27.43 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":189034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1947B.GIF"},{"id":327566,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1947b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107201,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10022.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10022"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Pasadena Valley, Snake River Canyon, Ticeska Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.0,42.89 ], [ -115.0,43.0 ], [ -115.18,43.0 ], [ -115.18,42.89 ], [ -115.0,42.89 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a489f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covington, H. R.","contributorId":92671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, Jean N.","contributorId":65099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":64966,"text":"i1947D - 1990 - Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Jerome, Filer, Twin Falls, and Kimberly quadrangles, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:08:44","indexId":"i1947D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1947","chapter":"D","title":"Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Jerome, Filer, Twin Falls, and Kimberly quadrangles, Idaho","docAbstract":"

The Snake River Plain is a broad, arcuate region of low relief that extends more than 300 mi across southern Idaho.  The Snake River enters the plain near Idaho Falls and flows westward along the southern margin of the eastern Snake River Plain (fig. 1), a position mainly determined by the basaltic lava flows that erupted near the axis of the plain.  The highly productive Snake River Plain aquifer north of the Snake River underlies most of the eastern plain.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/i1947D","usgsCitation":"Covington, H., and Weaver, J.N., 1990, Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Jerome, Filer, Twin Falls, and Kimberly quadrangles, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1947, 52.73 x 37.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1947D.","productDescription":"52.73 x 37.51 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1947D.PNG"},{"id":327557,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1947d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107203,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10024.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10024"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.61749999999999,42.534166666666664 ], [ -114.61749999999999,42.666666666666664 ], [ -114.25,42.666666666666664 ], [ -114.25,42.534166666666664 ], [ -114.61749999999999,42.534166666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covington, H. R.","contributorId":92671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, J. N. 0000-0001-7068-5445 jcweaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-5445","contributorId":9645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J.","email":"jcweaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17608,"text":"ofr90285 - 1990 - Reconnaissance geochemical exploration for gold in the Ad Darb area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T14:47:40","indexId":"ofr90285","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-285","title":"Reconnaissance geochemical exploration for gold in the Ad Darb area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"

Geochemical data were analyzed for 244 wadi-sediment samples in an attempt to locate gold exploration targets in late Proterozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks in the Ad Darb area of the southern Arabian Shield. The target was gold mineralization in high-alumina alteration zones of the type that occurs in the Carolina Slate Belt, eastern United States. Such a target was sought in the Ad Darb area because of the known presence of kyanite in schist of the Sabya formation, which was interpreted to be a possible indicator of late Proterozoic high-alumina hydrothermal activity in the region.

\n

Overall, metal values in the wadi-sediment samples are low. The known kyanite mineral occurrence is marked by anomalous gold and tin in three minus-80-mesh samples. The low values of the metals do not justify further exploration for the sought deposit type in the immediate vicinity, although the signature of anomalous elements in the wider region is comparable to the signature known in the Carolina Slate Belt, and is permissive of the interpretation that a diffuse hydrothermal system operated in the region during the late Proterozoic. A large concentration of polymetallic anomalies (gold, arsenic, copper, antimony, tin, tungsten, and lead) is outlined in the northeastern part of the survey area on the basis of panned-concentrate samples. The source of the concentration is unknown, and further investigations are recommended. Recommended low-priority investigation of the source of lead and zinc anomalies in the western part of the survey area would be justified as part of a larger program designed to evaluate the mineral potential of the entire belt of Sabya formation rock.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90285","usgsCitation":"Samater, R., Christian, R., Johnson, P., and Bookstrom, A., 1990, Reconnaissance geochemical exploration for gold in the Ad Darb area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-285, Report: iii, 54 p., ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90285.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 54 p., ill.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0285/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46801,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0285/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42.4,\n 17.5\n ],\n [\n 42.4,\n 17.8\n ],\n [\n 42.6,\n 17.8\n ],\n [\n 42.6,\n 17.5\n ],\n [\n 42.4,\n 17.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samater, R.M.","contributorId":82694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samater","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christian, R.P.","contributorId":51313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, P.R.","contributorId":37332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bookstrom, A. A.","contributorId":94681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"A. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":64965,"text":"i1947A - 1990 - Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Bliss, Hagerman, and Tuttle quadrangles, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:01:25","indexId":"i1947A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1947","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Bliss, Hagerman, and Tuttle quadrangles, Idaho","docAbstract":"

The Snake River Plain is a broad, arcuate region of low relief that extends more than 300 mi across southern Idaho. The Snake River enters the plain near Idaho Falls and flows westward along the southern margin of the eastern Snake River Plain (fig. 1), a position mainly determined by the basaltic lava flows that erupted near the axis of the plain. The highly productive Snake River Plain aquifer north of the Snake River underlies most of the eastern plain. The aquifer is composed of basaltic rocks that are interbedded with fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary rocks. The top of the aquifer (water table) is typically less than 500 ft below the land surface, but is deeper than 1,000 ft in a few areas. The Snake River has excavated a canyon into the nearly flat-lying basaltic and sedimentary rocks of the eastern Snake River Plain between Milner Dam and King Hill (fig. 2), a distance of almost 90 mi. For much of its length the canyon wall as springs of variable size, spacing, and altitude. Geologic controls on springs are of importance because nearly 60 percent of the aquifer's discharge occurs as spring flow along this reach of the canyon. This report is one of several that describes the geologic occurrence of springs along the northern wall of the Snake River canyon from Milner Dam to King Hill (fig. 1). To understand the local geologic controls on springs, the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a geologic mapping project as part of their Snake River Plain Regional Aquifer System-Analysis Program. Objectives of the project were (1) to prepare a geologic map of a strip of land immediately north of the Snake River canyon, (2) to map the geology of the north canyon wall in profile, (3) to locate spring occurrences along the north side of the Snake River between Milner Dam and King Hill, and (4) to estimate spring discharge from the north wall of the canyon.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/i1947A","usgsCitation":"Covington, H., and Weaver, J.N., 1990, Geologic map and profiles of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Bliss, Hagerman, and Tuttle quadrangles, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1947, 48.02 x 39.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1947A.","productDescription":"48.02 x 39.92 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":189032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1947A.GIF"},{"id":327545,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1947a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107200,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10021.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10021"}],"scale":"24000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Bliss Quadrangles, Hagerman Quadrangles, Snake River Canyon, Tuttle Quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.0,42.75 ], [ -115.0,43.0 ], [ -114.5,43.0 ], [ -114.5,42.75 ], [ -115.0,42.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a489b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covington, H. R.","contributorId":92671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, Jean N.","contributorId":65099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39612,"text":"pp1504 - 1990 - Earthquake-induced liquefaction features in the coastal setting of South Carolina and in the fluvial setting of the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:34","indexId":"pp1504","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1504","title":"Earthquake-induced liquefaction features in the coastal setting of South Carolina and in the fluvial setting of the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"Many types of liquefaction-related features (sand blows, fissures, lateral spreads, dikes, and sills) have been induced by earthquakes in coastal South Carolina and in the New Madrid seismic zone in the Central United States. In addition, abundant features of unknown and nonseismic origin are present. Geologic criteria for interpreting an earthquake origin in these areas are illustrated in practical applications; these criteria can be used to determine the origin of liquefaction features in many other geographic and geologic settings. \r\n\r\nIn both coastal South Carolina and the New Madrid seismic zone, the earthquake-induced liquefaction features generally originated in clean sand deposits that contain no or few intercalated silt or clay-rich strata. The local geologic setting is a major influence on both development and surface expression of sand blows. Major factors controlling sand-blow formation include the thickness and physical properties of the deposits above the source sands, and these relationships are illustrated by comparing sand blows found in coastal South Carolina (in marine deposits) with sand blows found in the New Madrid seismic zone (in fluvial deposits). In coastal South Carolina, the surface stratum is typically a thin (about 1 m) soil that is weakly cemented with humate, and the sand blows are expressed as craters surrounded by a thin sheet of sand; in the New Madrid seismic zone the surface stratum generally is a clay-rich deposit ranging in thickness from 2 to 10 m, in which case sand blows characteristically are expressed as sand mounded above the original ground surface. \r\n\r\nRecognition of the various features described in this paper, and identification of the most probable origin for each, provides a set of important tools for understanding paleoseismicity in areas such as the Central and Eastern United States where faults are not exposed for study and strong seismic activity is infrequent.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1504","usgsCitation":"Obermeier, S., Jacobson, R., Smoot, J.P., Weems, R., Gohn, G.S., Monroe, J., and Powars, D., 1990, Earthquake-induced liquefaction features in the coastal setting of South Carolina and in the fluvial setting of the New Madrid seismic zone: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1504, 44 p.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1504.","productDescription":"44 p.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1504/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67205,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1504/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67206,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1504/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obermeier, S. F.","contributorId":17602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":221806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smoot, J. P.","contributorId":65878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weems, R.E.","contributorId":44920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gohn, G. S.","contributorId":25937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Monroe, J.E.","contributorId":39040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Powars, D.S.","contributorId":7303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":39844,"text":"b1805 - 1990 - Mineral resources of the Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area, Broadwater and Jefferson Counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T22:18:07.505489","indexId":"b1805","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1805","title":"Mineral resources of the Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area, Broadwater and Jefferson Counties, Montana","docAbstract":"

The Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area in west-central Montana has a moderate to high potential for resources of porphyry-type copper and molybdenum in the western part of the area, and a moderate to high potential for resources of gold, silver, lead, and zinc in replacement and vein deposits in the eastern part of the area. No evidence of potential oil, gas, and geothermal resources was identified in this study.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1805","usgsCitation":"Greenwood, W., Ludington, S., Miller, W.R., Hanna, W.F., Wenrich, K.J., Suits, V.J., and McHugh, J., 1990, Mineral resources of the Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area, Broadwater and Jefferson Counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1805, Report: vii, 37 p.; 5 plates: 39.22 x 31.30 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1805.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 37 p.; 5 plates: 39.22 x 31.30 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":67713,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":170546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340386,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340385,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411262,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21947.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":340384,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340383,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340382,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Broadwater County, Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.082,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -111.661,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -111.661,\n 46.544\n ],\n [\n -112.082,\n 46.544\n ],\n [\n -112.082,\n 46.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b07e4b07f02db69ad63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenwood, William R.","contributorId":53789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanna, William F.","contributorId":104045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wenrich, Karen J.","contributorId":19177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenrich","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Suits, Vivian J.","contributorId":84765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suits","given":"Vivian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":64964,"text":"i1947E - 1990 - Geologic map and profile of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Eden, Murtaugh, Milner Butte, and Milner quadrangles, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:59:45","indexId":"i1947E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1947","chapter":"E","title":"Geologic map and profile of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Eden, Murtaugh, Milner Butte, and Milner quadrangles, Idaho","docAbstract":"

The Snake River Plain is a broad, arcuate region of low relief that extends more than 300 mi across southern Idaho. The Snake River enters the plain near Idaho Falls and flows westward along the southern margin of the eastern Snake River Plain (fig 1), a position mainly determined by the basaltic lava flows that erupted near the axis of the plain. The highly productive Snake River Plain aquifer (water table) is typically less than 500 ft below the land surface, but us deeper than 1,000 ft in a few areas. The Snake River has excavated a canyon into the nearly flat lying basaltic and sedimentary rocks of the  eastern Snake River Plain between Milner Dam and King Hill (fig. 2), a distance of almost 90 mi. For much of its length the canyon intersects the Snake River Plain aquifer, which discharges form the northern canyon wall as springs of variable size, spacing and altitude. Geologic controls on wprings are of importance because nearly 60 percent of the aquifer's discharge occurs as spring flow along this reach of the canyon. This report is one of the several that describes the geologic occurrence of the springs along the northern wall of the Snake River canyone from Milner Dam to King Hill. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1947E","usgsCitation":"Covington, H., and Weaver, J.N., 1990, Geologic map and profile of the north wall of the Snake River Canyon, Eden, Murtaugh, Milner Butte, and Milner quadrangles, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1947, 49.48 x 29.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1947E.","productDescription":"49.48 x 29.55 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1947E.PNG"},{"id":327543,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1947e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107204,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10025.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10025"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.42535400390625,\n 42.454874423427874\n ],\n [\n -114.42535400390625,\n 42.60768474453004\n ],\n [\n -113.82659912109375,\n 42.60768474453004\n ],\n [\n -113.82659912109375,\n 42.454874423427874\n ],\n [\n -114.42535400390625,\n 42.454874423427874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a493c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covington, H. R.","contributorId":92671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, Jean N.","contributorId":65099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68577,"text":"ha715 - 1990 - Reconnaissance study of the thickness of the unsaturated zone in the western conterminous United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12617,"text":"ofr86402W - 1986 - Reconnaissance study of the thickness of the unsaturated zone in the western conterminous United States","indexId":"ofr86402W","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"chapter":"W","title":"Reconnaissance study of the thickness of the unsaturated zone in the western conterminous United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68577,"text":"ha715 - 1990 - Reconnaissance study of the thickness of the unsaturated zone in the western conterminous United States","indexId":"ha715","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance study of the thickness of the unsaturated zone in the western conterminous United States"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T12:04:10","indexId":"ha715","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"715","title":"Reconnaissance study of the thickness of the unsaturated zone in the western conterminous United States","docAbstract":"

In 1984, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study of the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the unsaturated zone in the western conterminous United States. The study area extends from the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains westward and includes all or parts of the 12 westernmost conterminous States. The goal of the study is to characterize unsaturated flow systems to aid in identifying environments in the western United States that may merit further study for isolation of hazardous waste, including high- and low-level radioactive waste and other toxic waste.
The major physiographic areas discussed in this report (see index map below thickness map) are: (1) Rocky Mountain System consisting of the Southern, Middle, and Northern Rocky Mountains, and the Wyoming Basin; (2) Intermontane Plateaus consisting of the Basin and Range province, and the Colorado and Columbia Plateaus; and (3) Pacific Mountain System (Fenneman, 1946). Two of these areas, the Colorado and Columbia plateaus, exhibit a variety of geohydrologic conditions, and therefore are further subdivided in the discussions that follow.
Outstanding features peculiar to the mountainous area of the Rocky Mountain and the Pacific Mountain Systems are the high rugged mountains and steep relief. These mountains receive greater precipitation than do the lower parts of the otherwise dry western United States. Generally moisture-laden air masses move eastward across the continent, and the mountains force them to higher, cooler altitudes. As the air cools, moisture condenses and precipitates. As a result, the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Mountain Systems have annual precipitation in excess of 30 in.
The Wyoming Basin of the Rocky Mountain System and the Basin and Range province, Colorado Plateaus, and Columbia Plateaus of the Intermontane Plateaus generally have lower altitudes and less relief than do the mountainous areas. The climate throughout most of these provinces generally is semiarid to arid. Annual precipitation is generally less than 16 in. throughout most of the area, and is less than 4 in. in some parts. The mean annual free-water-surface evaporation ranges from 20 to 100in. A large part of the study area is subject to a water deficit because potential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. As a consequence of the large water deficit, ground-water recharge generally is small, surface runoff is small, perennial streams and lakes are few, and the depth to ground water commonly is large. The generalized thickness of the unsaturated zone (the depth to ground water), in the western conterminous United States is presented on the map.

","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha715","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., and Langer, W.H., 1990, Reconnaissance study of the thickness of the unsaturated zone in the western conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 715, 1 map :col. ;101 x 76 cm., on sheet 106 x 107 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha715.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;101 x 76 cm., on sheet 106 x 107 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":101461,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/715/report.pdf","size":"26","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":101462,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/715/plate-1.pdf","size":"16981","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":189994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/715/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"2500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -13.333333333333334,27 ], [ -13.333333333333334,48 ], [ -10.666666666666666,48 ], [ -10.666666666666666,27 ], [ -13.333333333333334,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a2db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":278503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4006,"text":"cir1055 - 1990 - Coal resources available for development; a methodology and pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir1055","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1055","title":"Coal resources available for development; a methodology and pilot study","docAbstract":"Coal accounts for a major portion of our Nation's energy supply in projections for the future. A demonstrated reserve base of more than 475 billion short tons, as the Department of Energy currently estimates, indicates that, on the basis of today's rate of consumption, the United States has enough coal to meet projected energy needs for almost 200 years. However, the traditional procedures used for estimating the demonstrated reserve base do not account for many environmental and technological restrictions placed on coal mining. A new methodology has been developed to determine the quantity of coal that might actually be available for mining under current and foreseeable conditions. This methodology is unique in its approach, because it applies restrictions to the coal resource before it is mined. Previous methodologies incorporated restrictions into the recovery factor (a percentage), which was then globally applied to the reserve (minable coal) tonnage to derive a recoverable coal tonnage. None of the previous methodologies define the restrictions and their area and amount of impact specifically. Because these restrictions and their impacts are defined in this new methodology, it is possible to achieve more accurate and specific assessments of available resources. \r\n\r\nThis methodology has been tested in a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey on the Matewan 7.5-minute quadrangle in eastern Kentucky. Pertinent geologic, mining, land-use, and technological data were collected, assimilated, and plotted. The National Coal Resources Data System was used as the repository for data, and its geographic information system software was applied to these data to eliminate restricted coal and quantify that which is available for mining. This methodology does not consider recovery factors or the economic factors that would be considered by a company before mining. \r\n\r\nResults of the pilot study indicate that, of the estimated original 986.5 million short tons of coal resources in Kentucky's Matewan quadrangle, 13 percent has been mined, 2 percent is restricted by land-use considerations, and 23 percent is restricted by technological considerations. This leaves an estimated 62 percent of the original resource, or approximately 612 million short tons available for mining. However, only 44 percent of this available coal (266 million short tons) will meet current Environmental Protection Agency new-source performance standards for sulfur emissions from electric generating plants in the United States. In addition, coal tonnage lost during mining and cleaning would further reduce the amount of coal actually arriving at the market.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFree on application to the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1055","usgsCitation":"Eggleston, J., Carter, M.D., and Cobb, J.C., 1990, Coal resources available for development; a methodology and pilot study: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1055, iii, 15 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1055.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":50,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31091,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aeefa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleston, Jane R.","contributorId":48956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Jane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, M. Devereux","contributorId":69960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Devereux","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cobb, James C.","contributorId":92654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26782,"text":"wri884124 - 1990 - Geohydrology and water quality of confined-drift aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade area, west-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T10:29:13","indexId":"wri884124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4124","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of confined-drift aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade area, west-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Confined-drift aquifers in six aquifer zones identified in a 1,300-square-mile area of west-central Minnesota near Brooten and Belgrade range in thickness from 5 to 110 feet. Transmissivities generally range from 500 to 10,000 feet squared per day, and theoretical well yields generally range from 100 to 900 gallons per minute.

\n

Regional ground-water flow in the confined-drift aquifers is to the southeast with local discharge to the East and Middle Branches of the Chippewa River, the North Fork Crow and Sauk Rivers, and to smaller streams, lakes, wetlands, and wells. Water levels near high-capacity pumped wells generally fluctuate 5 to 40 feet annually, compared to annual fluctuations of less than 5 feet in the unconfined aquifer.

\n

Water from confined-drift aquifers generally is suitable for most uses. The water is hard to very hard and contains locally elevated concentrations of iron, manganese, and dissolved solids.

\n

Results from a ground-water-flow model indicate that increased pumping from confined aquifers in the area would not adversely affect water levels. The addition of 10 to 20 hypothetical wells, pumping 123 to 246 million gallons per year, generally resulted in regional water-level declines of 0.1 to 1.0 feet. Simulations showed that the reduced recharge and increased pumping resulting from a 3-year drought probably would lower water levels between 5 and 10 feet regionally in the confined-drift aquifers and as much as 20 feet locally in the unconfined aquifer. Ground-water discharge to the East Branch Chippewa and North Fork Crow Rivers during the simulated drought would be reduced by 38 percent of 1984 conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri884124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Western Minnesota Resource Conservation and Development Association","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., 1990, Geohydrology and water quality of confined-drift aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade area, west-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4124, vii, 138 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884124.","productDescription":"vii, 138 p.","numberOfPages":"145","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26407,"text":"wri904009 - 1990 - Regional evaluation of hydrologic factors and effects of pumping, St Peter-Jordan aquifer, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T21:38:06.81929","indexId":"wri904009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4009","title":"Regional evaluation of hydrologic factors and effects of pumping, St Peter-Jordan aquifer, Iowa","docAbstract":"

The St. Peter-Jordan aquifer includes the Cambrian Jordan Sandstone and the overlying Ordovician Prairie du Chien Group and St. Peter Sandstone. The aquifer is present throughout Iowa and is confined beneath other aquifers in much of the State. Information on the aquifer available from drillers and contractors, provided estimates of aquifer transmissivity values ranging from about 500 to about 3,000 square feet per day. The largest transmissivity values are for dolomite and dolomite-cemented sandstone, indicating that permeability in much of the aquifer is due to secondary fractures. The aquifer is vertically bounded by an upper leaky confining unit with a vertical hydraulic conductivity of 10-10 feet per second.

\n

The aquifer was simulated using a two-layer finite-difference ground-water flow model. The upper layer simulated a source bed in aquifers composed of Silurian and Devonian rocks overlying the St. Peter-Jordan aquifer. The lower layer simulated flow in the St. Peter-Jordan aquifer. Lateral boundaries assigned in the model include constant heads in northeastern Iowa, where the aquifer is in contact with the Mississippi River or is unconfined, and no-flow boundaries in western and northwestern Iowa, where the rocks are insufficiently permeable to form an aquifer. The aquifer boundaries to the north, east, and south of Iowa were determined by geohydrologic conditions and the relation of the St. Peter-Jordan aquifer with the lateral extent of adjacent aquifers.

\n

An assumption that the largest part of recharge to the aquifer is from outcrop areas in northeastern Iowa and from Minnesota is not supported by the results of this study. Vertical leakage from overlying rocks accounted for most of the recharge to the aquifer in northwestern Iowa. Discharge is mostly through lateral boundaries and to rivers.

\n

Pumping has caused changes in the flow system that include regional declines in the potentiometric surface of the aquifer. Simulation indicates that pumping through 1980 increased net vertical leakage into the aquifer to about double the predevelopment rate. Discharge across lateral boundaries has been substantially reduced or reversed by pumping. Aquifer storage provided about one-third of the water required to supply pumping in the 1970's. Simulation of future conditions, assuming no increase in pumping rates, indicates that the rate of decline in water levels will decrease by the year 2020. As equilibrium with pumping is approached in 2020, 75 percent of the pumpage will be balanced by vertical leakage, eight percent by water released from aquifer storage, and 17 percent by increases in boundary recharge or decreases in boundary discharge. Future pumping at an increasing rate of about 10 percent per decade of the average pumping rate in 1975 will require about one and one-half times the vertical leakage of the 1971-1980 period and about fivetimes the net inflow from lateral boundaries; however, the rate of water released from aquifer storage will be about half the 1970's rate. Under these conditions, the head in the aquifer will continue to decline at an almost constant rate until 2020.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904009","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., and Buchmiller, R., 1990, Regional evaluation of hydrologic factors and effects of pumping, St Peter-Jordan aquifer, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4009, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904009.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410504,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47295.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4009/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wiisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.7041015625,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -87.14355468749999,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -86.72607421875,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -86.46240234375,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -87.20947265625,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -87.60498046875,\n 45.120052841530516\n ],\n [\n -87.86865234374999,\n 45.35214524585177\n ],\n [\n -88.13232421875,\n 45.29034662473615\n ],\n [\n -88.30810546875,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -88.92333984375,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -89.89013671875,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -91.91162109375,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -92.04345703125,\n 46.52863469527167\n ],\n [\n -92.35107421874999,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -92.61474609375,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -92.900390625,\n 46.22545288226939\n ],\n [\n -93.31787109374999,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -93.53759765625,\n 45.27488643704894\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -93.97705078125,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -94.130859375,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -94.24072265625,\n 44.008620115415354\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 43.67581809328344\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -96.3720703125,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -96.08642578125,\n 41.475660200278234\n ],\n [\n -95.91064453125,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -95.712890625,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -94.7900390625,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 39.57182223734374\n ],\n [\n -94.89990234375,\n 39.317300373271024\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -93.22998046875,\n 39.095962936305504\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 38.856820134743636\n ],\n [\n -92.61474609375,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -91.69189453125,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -90.04394531249999,\n 37.97884504049713\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 38.856820134743636\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -89.36279296875,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -88.43994140625,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -87.82470703125,\n 40.53050177574321\n ],\n [\n -87.275390625,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 41.16211393939692\n ],\n [\n -86.572265625,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -86.7041015625,\n 41.78769700539063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635077","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M. R.","contributorId":42190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchmiller, Robert","contributorId":82742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44628,"text":"wri904089 - 1990 - Water-level maps of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T08:59:16","indexId":"wri904089","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4089","title":"Water-level maps of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 1987","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri904089","usgsCitation":"Westerfield, P.W., 1990, Water-level maps of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4089, 1 Plate: 58.52 x 36.65 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904089.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 58.52 x 36.65 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":366591,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4089/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.4556884765625,\n 33.0178760185549\n ],\n [\n -90.164794921875,\n 33.0178760185549\n ],\n [\n -90.164794921875,\n 36.43012234551576\n ],\n [\n -91.4556884765625,\n 36.43012234551576\n ],\n [\n -91.4556884765625,\n 33.0178760185549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e743b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westerfield, Paul W.","contributorId":30599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerfield","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57205,"text":"ofr90350 - 1990 - Hydrography of the Gulf of Maine and Massachusetts Bay, data report for R/V OCEANUS cruise 181, 5-15 February 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T13:58:49","indexId":"ofr90350","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-350","title":"Hydrography of the Gulf of Maine and Massachusetts Bay, data report for R/V OCEANUS cruise 181, 5-15 February 1987","docAbstract":"

This report presents hydrographic data obtained on R/V OCEANUS Cruise 181 from February 5-15, 1987. The hydrographic measurements (pressure, temperature, salinity, oxygen, beam attenuation, phosphate, silicate and nitrate/nitrite) were obtained in Georges, Jordan, and Wilkinson Basin in the Gulf of Maine and directly east of Boston across Massachusetts Bay as part of a study of currents and sediment transport in this region (figure 1).

\n

During Cruise 181, a total of 95 hydrographic profiles were obtained by means of a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler. Stations are numbered sequentially and station information is tabulated in table 1. The stations were arranged in ten transects (figure 1). Section 1 was across the Great South Channel and section 7 was across the Northeast Channel--the two main oceanic entrances and exits of the Gulf of Maine. Section 2 was along a saddle (Rodgers Pass) separating Wilkinson Basin from Georges Basin. Sections 3,5, and 10 were across different regions of Wilkinson Basin and all intersected at the longterm mooring site W1 in the center of Wilkinson Basin; section 8 was a dog-leg section through the southern portion of Jordan Basin; and sections 6 (east-west) and 9 (north-south) were within Georges Basin. A severe winter storm (see table 2 and 3) occurred between February 9 and 10 and work was stopped while the OCEANUS rode out the storm in Cape Cod Bay and repaired storm damage. Section 4 across Massachusetts Bay and section 5 across Wilkinson Basin, were repeated twice, once before the storm (sections 4a and 5a) and once after the storm (sections 4b and 5b).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr90350","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., Butman, B., Shoukimas, P., and Donoghue, T.G., 1990, Hydrography of the Gulf of Maine and Massachusetts Bay, data report for R/V OCEANUS cruise 181, 5-15 February 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-350, x, 437 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90350.","productDescription":"x, 437 p.","numberOfPages":"451","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr90350.jpg"},{"id":324131,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0350/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine, Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.47705078125,\n 41.178653972331695\n ],\n [\n -71.47705078125,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -64.1162109375,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -64.1162109375,\n 41.178653972331695\n ],\n [\n -71.47705078125,\n 41.178653972331695\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61465c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoukimas, Polly","contributorId":81920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoukimas","given":"Polly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donoghue, Terence G.","contributorId":172014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donoghue","given":"Terence","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":54845,"text":"wdrNY891 - 1990 - Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1989. Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T11:05:47","indexId":"wdrNY891","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-89-1","title":"Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1989. Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1989 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in observation wells. This volume contains records if water discharge at 93 gaging stations; stage only at 4 gaging stations; and stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 19 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 38 gaging stations; and water levels at 25 observation wells. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 7A and 7B. Also included are data for 37 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data, together with the data in volumes 2 and 3, represent that part of the National Water Data System collected collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New York.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY891","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New York and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Firda, G.D., Lumia, R., and Murray, P.M., 1990, Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1989. Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-89-1, ix, 258 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY891.","productDescription":"ix, 258 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363756,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1989/ny-89-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1989/ny-89-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.25,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.1,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.1,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Firda, Gary D. gfirda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firda","given":"Gary","email":"gfirda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, Patricia M. pmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":4863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Patricia","email":"pmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":17934,"text":"ofr9067 - 1990 - Mineralogical data and sample locality map of nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate samples collected from the eastern part of the Lime Hills quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T19:02:10.846413","indexId":"ofr9067","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-67","title":"Mineralogical data and sample locality map of nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate samples collected from the eastern part of the Lime Hills quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9067","usgsCitation":"Allen, M.S., and Slaughter, K.E., 1990, Mineralogical data and sample locality map of nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate samples collected from the eastern part of the Lime Hills quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-67, Report: 64 p.; 1 Plate: 27.26 × 23.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9067.","productDescription":"Report: 64 p.; 1 Plate: 27.26 × 23.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391174,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19106.htm"},{"id":47177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47176,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0067/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0067/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lime Hills quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 61\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, M. S.","contributorId":63001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slaughter, K. E.","contributorId":100865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaughter","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18115,"text":"ofr8930 - 1990 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the Elko, Steptoe Valley, Coyote Spring Valley, and Sheep Range areas, eastern and southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-18T20:23:52.379766","indexId":"ofr8930","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-30","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the Elko, Steptoe Valley, Coyote Spring Valley, and Sheep Range areas, eastern and southern Nevada","docAbstract":"Principal facts for 537 gravity stations in the carbonate-rock province of eastern and southern Nevada are tabulated and presented. The gravity data were collected in support of groundwater studies in several valleys. The study areas include the Elko area, northern Steptoe Valley, Coyote Spring Valley, and the western Sheep Range area. The data for each site include values for latitude, longitude, altitude, observed gravity, free- air anomaly, terrain correction, and Bouguer anomaly (calculated at a bedrock density of 2.67 g/cu cm. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr8930","usgsCitation":"Berger, D., Schaefer, D.H., and Frick, E.A., 1990, Principal facts for gravity stations in the Elko, Steptoe Valley, Coyote Spring Valley, and Sheep Range areas, eastern and southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-30, Report: iii, 13 p.; 1 Plate: 25.00 x 26.71 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8930.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 13 p.; 1 Plate: 25.00 x 26.71 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0030/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47471,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0030/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47472,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465294,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17564.htm","text":"Coyote Spring Valley","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465295,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52493.htm","text":"northern Steptoe Valley area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465296,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52494.htm","text":"Elko area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.9,\n 40.9167\n ],\n [\n -115.9,\n 40.7667\n ],\n [\n -115.7333,\n 40.7667\n ],\n [\n -115.7333,\n 40.9167\n ],\n [\n -115.9,\n 40.9167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.5,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 36.416667\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 36.416667\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 36.875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115,\n 40.167\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -114.25,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -114.25,\n 40.167\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 40.167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, D.L.","contributorId":106904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaefer, D. H.","contributorId":84763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frick, E. A.","contributorId":61840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":61356,"text":"mf2119 - 1990 - Correlation chart of lower and upper Cretaceous Blackleaf Formation, Lima Peaks area to eastern Pioneer Mountains, southwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T17:58:03.27438","indexId":"mf2119","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2119","title":"Correlation chart of lower and upper Cretaceous Blackleaf Formation, Lima Peaks area to eastern Pioneer Mountains, southwestern Montana","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2119","isbn":"0607820446","usgsCitation":"Dyman, T.S., and Tysdal, R.G., 1990, Correlation chart of lower and upper Cretaceous Blackleaf Formation, Lima Peaks area to eastern Pioneer Mountains, southwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2119, Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 41.96 x 36.00 inches and 54.50 x 41.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2119.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 41.96 x 36.00 inches and 54.50 x 41.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":88958,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1990/2119/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489314,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5719.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":88959,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1990/2119/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":179728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1990/2119/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88960,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1990/2119/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"188700","country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.8781,\n 45.8942\n ],\n [\n -112.8781,\n 44.4828\n ],\n [\n -112.4878,\n 44.4828\n ],\n [\n -112.4878,\n 45.8942\n ],\n [\n -112.8781,\n 45.8942\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6846c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyman, T. S.","contributorId":21161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyman","given":"T.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tysdal, R. G.","contributorId":8823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47482,"text":"b1737E - 1990 - Mineral Resources of the Wabayuma Peak Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47482,"text":"b1737E - 1990 - Mineral Resources of the Wabayuma Peak Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona","indexId":"b1737E","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Mineral Resources of the Wabayuma Peak Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":39795,"text":"b1737 - 1989 - Mineral resources of wilderness study areas: Black Mountains region, Arizona","indexId":"b1737","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of wilderness study areas: Black Mountains region, Arizona"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":39795,"text":"b1737 - 1989 - Mineral resources of wilderness study areas: Black Mountains region, Arizona","indexId":"b1737","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of wilderness study areas: Black Mountains region, Arizona"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-09T08:50:14","indexId":"b1737E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1737","chapter":"E","title":"Mineral Resources of the Wabayuma Peak Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Wabayuma Peak Wilderness Study Area (AZ-020-037/043), for which a mineral survey was requested by the U.S. Bureau of land Management, encompasses 40,118 acres in northwestern Arizona. Fieldwork was carried out in 1986-88 by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey to appraise the identified (known) resources and assess the mineral resource potential (undiscovered) of the wilderness study area. Within the Wabayuma Peak Wilderness Study Area are 14 private parcels of land totaling 1,315 acres. The Wabayuma Peak Wilderness Study Area, including the 14 private parcels of land, is herein referred to as the 'wilderness study area' or the 'study area'. The Boriana, Antler, and Copper World mines lie near the east boundary of the study area. The Boriana mine was a major tungsten-producing mine of the United States during World War II. The Antler and Copper World mines produced relatively small amounts of copper and zinc prior to 1970.\r\n\r\nCopper and zinc were mined within 100 ft of the study area at the Antler mine. The Antler mine contains subeconomic resources of 350,000 to 400,000 short tons of copper-zinc ore; a minimum of 2,000 short tons, at grades of 1 to 4 percent copper and 1 to 2 percent zinc, lie within the study area. No other mineral resources were identified within the study area.\r\n\r\nFour small tracts in the eastern part and one in the central part of the study area have high resource potential for copper, zinc, and minor lead, silver, and gold in massive sulfide deposits. A large central tract and two eastern tracts have moderate resource potential for the same metals. An eastern and a western tract within the wilderness study area have high resource potential for tungsten, copper, and combinations of beryllium, gold, silver, arsenic, bismuth, molybdenum, tin, indium, thorium, niobium, yttrium, lanthanum, scandium, tantalum, rhenium, lead, zinc, and iron in granite-related tungsten-polymetallic vein deposits. Most of the rest of the study area has moderate resource potential for these metals. A northern tract in the study area has moderate resource potential for gold, copper, and combinations of silver, zinc, lead, tungsten, and molybdenum in polymetallic vein deposits of several types.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1737E","usgsCitation":"Conway, C.M., Hassemer, J.R., Knepper, D.H., Pitkin, J.A., Jachens, R.C., and Chatman, M.L., 1990, Mineral Resources of the Wabayuma Peak Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1737, Report: viii, E1-E52; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1737E.","productDescription":"Report: viii, E1-E52; 1 plate in pocket","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1737e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84422,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1737e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84423,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1737e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,34.583333333333336 ], [ -114.5,35.25 ], [ -113.5,35.25 ], [ -113.5,34.583333333333336 ], [ -114.5,34.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6357de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, Clay M.","contributorId":106860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Clay","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hassemer, Jerry R.","contributorId":79448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassemer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knepper, Daniel H. dknepper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"Daniel","email":"dknepper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":235496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitkin, James A.","contributorId":96651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitkin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":235495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chatman, Mark L.","contributorId":97878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chatman","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":18465,"text":"ofr90570 - 1990 - Geohydrology and water quality of the Roubidoux Aquifer, northeastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T07:23:10","indexId":"ofr90570","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-570","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of the Roubidoux Aquifer, northeastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The Roubidoux aquifer is an important source of freshwater for public supplies, commerce, industry, and rural water districts in northeastern Oklahoma. Ground-water withdrawals from the aquifer in 1981 were estimated to be 4.8 million gallons per day, of which about 90 percent was withdrawn in Ottawa County. Wells drilled at the beginning of the 20th century originally flowed at the land surface, but in 1981 water levels ranged from 22 to 471 feet below land surface. A large cone of depression has formed as a result of ground water withdrawals near Miami. Wells completed in the Roubidoux aquifer have yields that range from about 100 to more than 1,000 gallons per minute.\r\nAn aquifer test and a digital ground-water flow model were used to estimate aquifer and confining-layer hydraulic characteristics. Using these methods, the transmissivity of the aquifer was estimated to be within a range of 400 to 700 square feet per day. The leakance of the confining layer was determined to be within a range from 0 to 0.13 per day, with a best estimate value in a range from 4.3 x 10-8 to 7.7 x 10-8 per day.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of water samples collected as part of this study and of water-quality data from earlier work indicate that a large areal change in major-ion chemistry occurs in ground water in the Roubidoux aquifer in northeastern Oklahoma. The ground water in the easternmost part of the study unit has relatively small dissolved-solids concentrations (less than 200 milligrams per liter) with calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate as the major ions. Ground water in the westernmost part of the study unit has relatively large dissolved-solids concentrations (greater than 800 milligrams per liter) with sodium and chloride as the major ions. A transition zone of intermediate sodium, chloride, and dissolved-solids concentrations exists between the easternmost and westernmost parts of the study unit.\r\n\r\nThree water-quality problems are apparent in the Roubidoux aquifer in northeast Oklahoma: (1) Contamination by mine water, (2) large concentrations of sodium and chloride, and (3) large radium-226 concentrations.\r\n\r\nMany wells in the mining area have been affected by mine-water contamination. At present (1990), all instances of ground-water contamination by mine water can be explained by faulty seals or leaky casings in wells that pass through the zone of mine workings and down to the Roubidoux aquifer. None of the data available to date demonstrate that mine water has migrated from the Boone Formation through the pores and fractures of the intervening geologic units to the Roubidoux aquifer.\r\n\r\nGround water with large concentrations of sodium and chloride occurs at some depth throughout the study unit. In the eastern part of the study unit, chloride concentrations greater than 250 milligrams per liter are found at depths greater than approximately 1,200 to 1,500 feet. Data are too few to determine the depth to ground water with large concentrations of sodium and chloride in the southern and southwestern parts of the study unit.\r\n\r\nLarge concentrations of gross-alpha radioactivity in ground water occur near the western edge of the transition zone. Generally, ground water with large concentrations of gross-alpha radioactivity was found to exceed the maximum contaminant level for radium-226.\r\n\r\n(available as photostat copy only)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90570","usgsCitation":"Christenson, S.C., Parkhurst, D.L., and Fairchild, R.W., 1990, Geohydrology and water quality of the Roubidoux Aquifer, northeastern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-570, Report: vi, 110 p.; 1 Plate: 20.60 x 31.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90570.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 110 p.; 1 Plate: 20.60 x 31.11 inches","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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W.","contributorId":79155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29775,"text":"wri894169 - 1990 - Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:31:25","indexId":"wri894169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4169","title":"Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Sixty-eight percent of the 22.6-square-mile Valley Creek basin is underlain by Cambrian and Ordovician limestone and dolomite. Ground water flows through a network of interconnected secondary openings; primary porosity is virtually nonexistent. Some of these openings have been enlarged by solution. Secondary porosity and permeability exhibit great spatial variability, and the yield and specific capacity of wells are highly variable. The number of water-bearing zones decreases with depth. Fifty percent of water-bearing zones are encountered within 100 feet of the land surface, and 81 percent are within 200 feet.\r\n\r\n Most ground-water flow in the Valley Creek basin is local and discharges to nearby streams. Ground-water discharge comprised an average of 76 percent of the flow of Valley Creek during 1983--87, including both natural ground- water discharge and quarry pumpage discharged to Valley Creek. Discharge from the Cedar Hollow quarry comprised 21 to 26 percent of the base flow of Valley Creek; the average was 23 percent. The average natural base flow of Valley Creek would be 8 percent lower if the quarry were not operating.\r\n\r\n Regional ground-water flow is to the northeast to the Schuylkill River. On the western side of the Valley Creek basin, the ground-water divide is 1/2 mile west of the surface-water divide. An estimated 0.75 million gallons per day of ground water flows from the adjacent West Valley Creek basn eastward into the Valley Creek basin. A ground-water divide is not present on the eastern side of the basin; the water table slopes gently eastward toward the Schuylkill River. On the northeaster side, an estimated 1.76 million gallons per day of ground water flows northeastward out of the basin to the Schuylkill River beneath the surface-water divide. On the southeaster side, an estimated 0.85 million gallons per day of ground water flows beneath the surface-water divide into the basin.\r\n\r\n Annual water budgets and an average water budget were calculated for 1983-87 for the 20.8-square-mile area bove the streamflow-gaging station. Annual precipitation for 1983-87 ranged from 40.61 to 56.55 inches and averaged 47.25 inches; annual streamflow ranged from 15.55 to 28.57 inches and averaged 22.31 inches; annual evapotranspiration ranged from 18.21 to 24.83 inches and averaged 22.90 inches; and annual recharge ranged from 15.89 to 26.84 inches and averaged 21.04 inches.\r\n\r\n The Valley Creek basin was modeled as a two-dimensional water-table aquifer. Recharge to, ground-water flow through, and discharge from the rocks of Chester valley were simulated. In order to include the natural hydrologic boundaries of the ground-water-flwo system, the 66.4-square-mile area between the Brandywine Creek and the Schuylkill River was modeled. The model was calibrated under stead-state conditions using avareage recharge and evapotranspiration rates. Aquifer hydraulic conductivity was estimated from specific-capacity and quifer-test data. The average (1983-87) annual water budget for hte Valley Creek basin was simualted.\r\n\r\n The effect of increased ground-water development on base flow and underflow was simulated by locating a hypothetical well field produceing 4 million gallons per day in different parts of the basin. Pumpage from a well field near surface-water divides would induce as much as an additional 1.41 inches per year of underflow from an adjacent surface-water basin. Pumpage from a well field near the center of the basin would affect base flow more than underflow.\r\n\r\n Increased seepage of ground water into quarries as a result of their expansion was simulated as increased withdrawal by pumping. A 100-percent increase in the pumping rate of the Cedar Hollow quarry, from 3.93 to 7.86 million gallons per day, owuld reduce the natural base flow of Valley Creek by 18 percent. However, the quarry pumpage would be discharged to Valley Creek, thereby increasing the base flow at the gaging station by ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894169","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1990, Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4169, viii, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894169.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19216,"text":"ofr9095 - 1990 - Magmatic history of the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T19:58:13.493423","indexId":"ofr9095","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-95","title":"Magmatic history of the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9095","usgsCitation":"Hannah, J.L., and Macbeth, A., 1990, Magmatic history of the East Tintic Mountains, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-95, Report: i, 24 p.; 1 Plate: 34.04 × 25.32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9095.","productDescription":"Report: i, 24 p.; 1 Plate: 34.04 × 25.32 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":48675,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0095/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48676,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0095/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407646,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17859.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"East Tintic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.131,\n 39.871\n ],\n [\n -112.063,\n 39.871\n ],\n [\n -112.063,\n 39.755\n ],\n [\n -112.131,\n 39.755\n ],\n [\n -112.131,\n 39.871\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hannah, J. L.","contributorId":91993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannah","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macbeth, Alec","contributorId":33576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macbeth","given":"Alec","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28426,"text":"wri904012 - 1990 - Ground-water withdrawals, water-level changes, land-surface subsidence, and ground-water quality in Fort Bend County, Texas, 1969-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T09:40:10","indexId":"wri904012","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4012","title":"Ground-water withdrawals, water-level changes, land-surface subsidence, and ground-water quality in Fort Bend County, Texas, 1969-87","docAbstract":"

Fort Bend County, which has one of the fastest growing populations of all counties in the United States, is dependent entirely on ground water for public supply. Since 1969, at least 90 large-capacity wells have been drilled, of which 57 were public supply wells, 23 were irrigation wells, and 10 were industrial wells. All but seven of the new public-supply wells are located in the northeastern part of the county.

\n

The withdrawal of ground water in Fort Bend County increased from 56 million gallons per day in 1969 to 72 million gallons per day in 1982, and then decreased to 53 million gallons per day in 1986. Withdrawals for public supply increased from 4 million gallons per day in 1969 to 28 million gallons per day in 1986. Withdrawals for irrigation averaged 38 million gallons per day during 1969-82 and in 1984, but averaged 20 million gallons per day in 1983, 1985, and 1986. Withdrawals for industrial use declined from 13 million gallons per day in 1969 to 5 million gallons per day in 1986.

\n

Water levels in wells screened in the upper unit of the Chicot aquifer generally fluctuated less than 4 feet between 1968-69 and 1987. During the same period, water-level declines in wells screened in the lower unit of the Chicot aquifer ranged from less than 10 feet in most of the western part of the county to 100 feet in the northeastern corner. In the southwestern part of the county, the decline was less than 20 feet. Hydrographs of wells completed in the lower unit of the Chicot showed that water levels continued to decline from 1969 to the early 1980's. The hydrographs of wells located outside of the northeast area generally show a stabilization of water levels corresponding to the reduction in withdrawals after 1982 in Fort Bend County and in the neighboring Houston metropolitan area to the northeast.

\n

Withdrawals from the Evangeline aquifer increased from 15 percent of the total in 1969 to 50 percent in 1986. Water-level declines in wells screened in the Evangeline aquifer during the same period ranged from less than 25 feet in the northwestern part of the county to 125 feet in the northeastern part. In the southwestern one-quarter of the county, the decline was less than 50 feet.

\n

Declines in the potentiometric surfaces of the aquifers have caused compaction of clay resulting in land-surface subsidence. Between 1906 and 1978, about 65 percent of the county subsided more than 0.5 foot. Studies in the Houston area have shown that most clay compaction occurs in the Chicot aquifer and that the compressibility of the clays increases towards the coast. The total thickness of clays in the Chicot aquifer increases from less than 150 feet in the northwestern part of Fort Bend County to more than 350 feet along the eastern border. The total thickness of clay in the Evangeline aquifer increases from an average of about 700 feet in the northwest to about 1,100 feet in the east. The northeastern part of Fort Bend County is most susceptible to future subsidence because it is the area where the largest water-level declines have occurred and where the thickest, most compressible clays in the county are found.

\n

The concentrations of dissolved solids in water from wells in Fort Bend County have not changed appreciably from 1969 to 1987. The median concentrations of dissolved solids are 475 milligrams in water from wells in Fort Bend per liter in water from the upper unit of the Chicot aquifer, 337 milligrams per liter in water from the lower unit of the Chicot aquifer, and 307 milligrams per liter in water from the Evangeline aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri904012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Ford Bend County","usgsCitation":"Locke, G., 1990, Ground-water withdrawals, water-level changes, land-surface subsidence, and ground-water quality in Fort Bend County, Texas, 1969-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4012, v, 155 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904012.","productDescription":"v, 155 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57229,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Fort Bend 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