Two water-velocity surveys in the vicinity of the discharge-release gates were performed at the Salamonie Lake flood-control reservoir in northeastern Indiana during periods of high-discharge release. One survey was done in the spring when the reservoir pool was at high elevation; the other survey was in the winter when the reservoir pool was low.
\nThe maximum measured velocity was 2.4 feet per second for the spring survey and 1.9 feet per second for the winter survey. The maximum measured velocities occurred in the immediate vicinity of the spillway tower containing the discharge-release gates. Velocity-field magnitudes diminished rapidly with distance from the tower. Beyond an estimated 40 feet from the tower, velocity magnitudes were below 0.5 feet per second.
\nFor the spring and winter surveys, data were collected along four transects that were parallel to the face of the spillway tower. The transects were at the following approximate distances from the spillway tower: 900, 600, and 300 feet and as close to the tower as practical. For the spring and winter surveys, velocity-contour plots were produced for the transects closest to the tower. Plots were not made for the transects at 900-, 600-, and 300-foot intervals because velocities were negligible at these distances.
\nAn acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted on a boat was used to collect velocity and depth data and to compute positions of the velocity and depth data relative to the boat track. A global positioning system (GPS) was used to collect earth-referenced position data, and a GPS base station receiver was used to improve the accuracy of the earth-referenced position data. The earth-referenced position data were used to transform the ADCP-computed positions (which were relative to boat tracks) to positions referenced to a point on the spillway tower.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr99228","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Morlock, S.E., and Stewart, J., 2000, Surveys of water velocities in the vicinity of the discharge-release gates of Salamonie Lake Dam, northeastern Indiana, spring and winter 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-228, iv, 11 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99228.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6884cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morlock, Scott E. smorlock@usgs.gov","contributorId":3212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"Scott","email":"smorlock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":191063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, James A.","contributorId":49824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58955,"text":"mf2343 - 2000 - Geologic map of the upper Parashant Canyon and vicinity Mohave County, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T19:18:27.982542","indexId":"mf2343","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2343","title":"Geologic map of the upper Parashant Canyon and vicinity Mohave County, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the upper Parashant Canyon area covers part of the Colorado Plateau and several large tributary canyons that make up the western part of Arizona's Grand Canyon. The map is part of a cooperative U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service project to provide geologic information for areas within the newly established Grand Canyon/Parashant Canyon National Monument. Most of the Grand Canyon and parts of the adjacent plateaus have been geologically mapped; this map fills in one of the remaining areas where uniform quality geologic mapping was needed. The geologic information presented may be useful in future related studies as to land use management, range management, and flood control programs for federal and state agencies, and private concerns. The map area is in a remote region of the Arizona Strip, northwestern Arizona about 88 km south of the nearest settlement of St. George, Utah. Elevations range from about 1,097 m (3,600 ft) in Parashant Canyon (south edge of map area) to 2,145 m (7,037 ft) near the east-central edge of the map area. Primary vehicle access is by dirt road locally known as the Mount Trumbull road; unimproved dirt roads and jeep trails traverse various parts of the map area. Travel on the Mount Trumbull road is possible with 2-wheel-drive vehicles except during wet conditions. Extra fuel, two spare tires and extra food and water are highly recommended when traveling in this remote area. The map area includes about 26 sections of land belonging to the State of Arizona, about 40 sections of private land, and a small strip of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area (southeast edge of the map area). The private land is mainly clustered around the abandoned settlement of Mt. Trumbull, locally known as Bundyville, and a few sections are scattered in the upper Whitmore Canyon area just south of Bundyville. Lower elevations within the canyons support a sparse growth of sagebrush, cactus, grass, creosote bush, and a variety of desert shrubs. Sagebrush, grass, cactus, cliffrose bush, pinyon pine trees, juniper trees, and some ponderosa pines thrive at higher elevations. Surface runoff in the north half of the map area drains northward towards the Virgin River in Utah via Hurricane Wash. In the south half of the area, it drains towards the Colorado River in Grand Canyon via Parashant and Whitmore Canyons. Upper Parashant and Whitmore Canyons are part of the physiography of the western Grand Canyon, but are not included within Grand Canyon National Park. The entire map area is now within the newly established Grand Canyon/Parashant Canyon National Monument (as of January, 2000), and is jointly managed by the Lake Mead National Recreational Area, Boulder City, Nevada, and the Bureau of Land Management, Arizona Strip District, St. George, Utah. Surface runoff in the north half of the map area drains northward towards the Virgin River in Utah via Hurricane Wash. In the south half of the area, it drains towards the Colorado River in Grand Canyon via Parashant and Whitmore Canyons. Upper Parashant and Whitmore Canyons are part of the physiography of the western Grand Canyon, but are not included within Grand Canyon National Park. The entire map area is now within the newly established Grand Canyon/Parashant Canyon National Monument (January, 2000), and is jointly managed by the Lake Mead National Recreational Area, Boulder City, Nevada, and the Bureau of Land Management, Arizona Strip District, St. George, Utah.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2343","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., Harr, M.L., and Wellmeyer, J.L., 2000, Geologic map of the upper Parashant Canyon and vicinity Mohave County, northwestern Arizona (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2343, Report: 27 p.; 1 Plate: 39.06 × 44.04 inches; Metadata; Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2343.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; 1 Plate: 39.06 × 44.04 inches; Metadata; Data","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110131,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34052.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34052"},{"id":9534,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2000/2343/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"31680","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Mohave County","otherGeospatial":"upper Parashant Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5,\n 36.25\n ],\n [\n -113.25,\n 36.25\n ],\n [\n -113.25,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 36.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a840e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harr, Michelle L.","contributorId":55905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harr","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wellmeyer, Jessica L.","contributorId":8177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellmeyer","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179116,"text":"70179116 - 2000 - Geohydrology and numerical simulation of groundwater flow in the central Virgin River Basin of Iron and Washington Counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T17:29:48.788751","indexId":"70179116","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"116","title":"Geohydrology and numerical simulation of groundwater flow in the central Virgin River Basin of Iron and Washington Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"Because rapid growth of communities in Washington and Iron Counties, Utah, is expected to cause an increase in the future demand for water resources, a hydrologic investigation was done to better understand ground-water resources within the central Virgin River basin. This study focused on two of the principal ground-water reservoirs within the basin: the upper Ash Creek basin ground-water system and the Navajo and Kayenta aquifer system.
The ground-water system of the upper Ash Creek drainage basin consists of three aquifers: the uppermost Quaternary basin-fill aquifer, the Tertiary alluvial-fan aquifer, and the Tertiary Pine Valley monzonite aquifer. These aquifers are naturally bounded by the Hurricane Fault and by drainage divides. On the basis of measurements, estimates, and numerical simulations of reasonable values for all inflow and outflow components, total water moving through the upper Ash Creek drainage basin ground-water system is estimated to be about 14,000 acre-feet per year. Recharge to the upper Ash Creek drainage basin ground-water system is mostly from infiltration of precipitation and seepage from ephemeral and perennial streams. The primary source of discharge is assumed to be evapotranspiration; however, subsurface discharge near Ash Creek Reservoir also may be important.
The character of two of the hydrologic boundaries of the upper Ash Creek drainage basin ground-water system is speculative. The eastern boundary provided by the Hurricane Fault is assumed to be a no-flow boundary, and a substantial part of the ground-water discharge from the system is assumed to be subsurface outflow beneath Ash Creek Reservoir along the southern boundary. However, these assumptions might be incorrect because alternative numerical simulations that used different boundary conditions also proved to be feasible. The hydrogeologic character of the aquifers is uncertain because of limited data. Differences in well yield indicate that there is considerable variability in the transmissivity of the basin-fill aquifer. Field data also indicate that the basin-fill aquifer is more transmissive than the underlying alluvial-fan aquifer. Data from the Pine Valley monzonite aquifer indicate that its transmissivity may be highly variable and that it is strongly influenced by the connection of fractures.
The Navajo and Kayenta aquifers provide most of the potable water to the municipalities of Washington County. Because of large outcrop exposures, uniform grain size, and large stratigraphic thickness, these formations are able to receive and store large amounts of water. In addition, structural forces have resulted in extensive fracture zones that enhance ground-water recharge and movement within these aquifers. Aquifer testing of the Navajo aquifer indicates that horizontal hydraulic-conductivity values range from 0.2 to 32 feet per day at different locations and may be primarily dependent on the extent of fracturing. Limited data indicate that the Kayenta aquifer generally is less transmissive than the Navajo aquifer. The aquifers are bounded to the south and west by the erosional extent of the formations and to the east by the Hurricane Fault, which completely offsets these formations and is assumed to be a lateral no-flow boundary. Like the Hurricane Fault, the Gunlock Fault is assumed to be a lateral no-flow boundary that divides the Navajo and Kayenta aquifers within the study area into two parts: the main part, between the Hurricane and Gunlock Faults; and the Gunlock part, west of the Gunlock Fault.
Generally, the water in the Navajo and Kayenta aquifers contains few dissolved minerals. However, two distinct areas contain water with dissolved-solids concentrations greater than 500 milligrams per liter: a larger area north of the city of St. George and a smaller area a few miles west of the town of Hurricane. Mass-balance calculations indicate that in the higher-dissolved-solids area north of St. George, as much as 2.7 cubic feet per second may be entering the aquifer from underlying formations. For the area west of Hurricane, as much as 1.5 cubic feet per second may be entering the aquifer from underlying formations.
On the basis of measurements, estimates, and numerical simulations, total water moving through the Navajo and Kayenta aquifers is estimated to be about 25,000 acre-feet per year for the main part and 5,000 acre-feet per year for the Gunlock part. The primary source of recharge is assumed to be infiltration of precipitation in the main part and seepage from the Santa Clara River in the Gunlock part. The primary source of discharge is assumed to be well discharge for both the main and Gunlock parts of the aquifers. Numerical simulations indicate that faults with major offset, such as the Washington Hollow Fault and an unnamed fault near Anderson Junction, may impede horizontal ground-water flow. Also, increased horizontal hydraulic conductivity along the orientation of predominant surface fracturing may be an important factor in regional ground-water flow. Simulations with increased north-south hydraulic conductivity substantially improved the match to measured water levels in the central area of the model between Snow Canyon and Mill Creek. Numerical simulation of the Gunlock part, using aquifer properties determined for the city of St. George municipal well field, resulted in a reasonable representation of regional water levels and estimated seepage from and to the Santa Clara River. To further quantify the Gunlock part of the Navajo and Kayenta aquifers, a better understanding of ground-water flow at the Gunlock Fault is needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; and the Washington County Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V., Freethey, G., Wilkowske, C., Stolp, B., and Wilberg, D., 2000, Geohydrology and numerical simulation of groundwater flow in the central Virgin River Basin of Iron and Washington Counties, Utah: Technical Publication 116, xviii, 139 p.","productDescription":"xviii, 139 p.","numberOfPages":"206","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP50-1-203&Title=Technical+Publication+116"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Iron County, Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Central Virgin River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -112.25830078125,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -112.25830078125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58550b8ae4b02bdf681568c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, V.M.","contributorId":25197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"V.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freethey, G. W.","contributorId":105714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"G. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilkowske, C.D.","contributorId":63050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkowske","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":60215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":4864,"text":"ds66 - 2000 - Assessment of the alluvial sediments in the Big Thompson River Valley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T14:20:46.576755","indexId":"ds66","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"66","title":"Assessment of the alluvial sediments in the Big Thompson River Valley, Colorado","docAbstract":"To obtain subsurface geologic information about the alluvium in the Big Thompson River valley, S-wave refraction data were collected along three roads that cross the valley. The refraction data were used to estimate velocities and thickness for a layered-earth model; from these models, three cross sections of the river valley were constructed. These cross sections show the thickness and the gross stratigraphy of the alluvium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds66","isbn":"0607953284","usgsCitation":"Barnett, A., and Ellefsen, K.J., 2000, Assessment of the alluvial sediments in the Big Thompson River Valley, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 66, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds66.","productDescription":"CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":594,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33763.htm","text":"Assessment of the alluvial sediments in the Big Thompson River Valley, Colorado","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105,40.300555555555555 ], [ -105,40.35027777777778 ], [ -104.83416666666666,40.35027777777778 ], [ -104.83416666666666,40.300555555555555 ], [ -105,40.300555555555555 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6685ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, Adrienne","contributorId":16820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"Adrienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":149974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":67495,"text":"i2542 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Red Bluff 30' x 60' quadrangle, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-12T21:18:24.048381","indexId":"i2542","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2542","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic map of the Red Bluff 30' x 60' quadrangle, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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However, while society must soon decide whether or not to use tropical forest-based offsets, evidence regarding tropical carbon sinks is sparse. This paper presents a general method for constructing an integrated model (based on detailed historical, remote sensing and field data) that can produce land-use and carbon baselines, predict carbon sequestration supply to a carbon-offsets market and also help to evaluate optimal market rules. Creating such integrated models requires close collaboration between social and natural scientists. Our project combines varied disciplinary expertise (in economics, ecology and geography) with local knowledge in order to create high-quality, empirically grounded, integrated models for Costa Rica.
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","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/mf2350","usgsCitation":"Brownfield, M.E., Martirosyan, A., Pierce, B., and Johnson, E.A., 2000, Geologic map of the Jermanis Coal Field, Central Armenia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2350, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2350.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6058,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2000/mf-2350/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"10000","country":"Armenia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 45.03333333333333,39.95 ], [ 45.03333333333333,39.983333333333334 ], [ 45.083333333333336,39.983333333333334 ], [ 45.083333333333336,39.95 ], [ 45.03333333333333,39.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696bd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":7250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martirosyan, Artur","contributorId":70812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martirosyan","given":"Artur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, B.S.","contributorId":13639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, E. A.","contributorId":87893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":34876,"text":"b2202A - 2000 - Total petroleum systems of the Illizi Province, Algeria and Libya; Tanezzuft-Illizi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T14:24:03","indexId":"b2202A","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2202","chapter":"A","title":"Total petroleum systems of the Illizi Province, Algeria and Libya; Tanezzuft-Illizi","docAbstract":"Undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources were assessed within a total petroleum system of the Illizi Province (2056) as part of the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. Although several total petroleum systems may exist within the Illizi Province, only one “composite” total petroleum system is identified. This total petroleum system comprises a single assessment unit. The main source rocks are the Silurian Tanezzuft Formation (or lateral equivalents) and Middle to Upper Devonian mudstone. The total petroleum system was named after the oldest major source rock and the basin in which it resides. The estimated means of the undiscovered conventional petroleum volumes in the Tanezzuft-Illizi Total Petroleum System are 2,814 million barrels of oil (MMBO), 27,785 billion cubic feet of gas (BCFG), and 873 million barrels of natural gas liquids (MMBNGL).
","largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2202A","usgsCitation":"Klett, T., 2000, Total petroleum systems of the Illizi Province, Algeria and Libya; Tanezzuft-Illizi (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2202, iii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2202A.","productDescription":"iii, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343344,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2202-a/b2202apo.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.0","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":3389,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2202-a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Algeria, Libya","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 5,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 11,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 11,\n 31\n ],\n [\n 5,\n 31\n ],\n [\n 5,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":67596,"text":"i2750A - 2000 - 3-D image of urban areas and mountains of the northern Front Range, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T14:53:37","indexId":"i2750A","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2750","subseriesTitle":"GIS","chapter":"A","title":"3-D image of urban areas and mountains of the northern Front Range, Colorado","docAbstract":"Over the past 30 years, communities in the Northern Front Range of Colorado have experienced tremendous growth rivaling or surpassing that in other parts of the United States. This growth has challenged businesses as well as city, county, State, and Federal planners to meet the increasing demands for natural resources necessary for growth. Such resources include construction aggregate (stone, sand, and gravel), water, oil, and natural gas. The Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project (FRIRP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is in the process of studying these resources, and this publication is the first in a series (USGS Geologic Investigations Series I-2750) that deals with resources in the northern Front Range urban corridor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2750A","usgsCitation":"Fishman, N., Evans, J., Olmstead, R., and Langer, W.H., 2000, 3-D image of urban areas and mountains of the northern Front Range, Colorado (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2750, map, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2750A.","productDescription":"map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6142,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2750-a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106,39.166666666666664 ], [ -106,40.833333333333336 ], [ -104,40.833333333333336 ], [ -104,39.166666666666664 ], [ -106,39.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd492ce4b0b290850eef0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, N.S.","contributorId":59441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, J.M.","contributorId":50969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olmstead, R.J.","contributorId":10100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmstead","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":23074,"text":"ofr00194 - 2000 - Data used for calculating chloride flux out of Yellowstone National Park for the water years 1983-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr00194","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-194","title":"Data used for calculating chloride flux out of Yellowstone National Park for the water years 1983-1999","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00194","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., and Norton, D.R., 2000, Data used for calculating chloride flux out of Yellowstone National Park for the water years 1983-1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-194, 48 p., :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00194.","productDescription":"48 p., :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52442,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679c6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norton, Daniel R.","contributorId":64265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22795,"text":"ofr2000151 - 2000 - Ground-water conditions in Georgia, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T15:54:16","indexId":"ofr2000151","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-151","title":"Ground-water conditions in Georgia, 1999","docAbstract":"Ground-water conditions in Georgia during 1999 and for the period of record were evaluated using data from U.S. Geological Survey ground-water-level and ground-water-quality monitoring networks. Data for 1999 included in this report are from continuous water-level records from 130 wells and chloride analyses from 14 wells. Data from one well is incomplete because data collection was discontinued.\r\n\r\nChloride concentration in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer in most of coastal Georgia was within drinking-water standards established by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the Savannah area, chloride concentration has not changed appreciably with time. However, chloride concentration in water from some wells that tap the Floridan aquifer system in the Brunswick area exceeds the drinking-water standards.\r\n\r\nGround-water-level and ground-water-quality data are essential for water assessment and management. Ground-water-level fluctuations and trends can be used to estimate changes in aquifer storage resulting from the effects of ground-water withdrawal and recharge from precipitation. These data can be used to address water-management needs and to evaluate the effects of management and conservation programs.\r\n\r\nAs part of the ground-water investigations conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the State of Georgia and city and county governments, a Statewide water-level-measurement program was started in 1938. Initially, this program consisted of an observation-well network in the coastal area of Georgia to monitor variations in ground-water storage and quality. Additional wells were later included in areas where data could be used to aid in water resources development and management.\r\n\r\nDuring 1999, periodic water-level measurements were made in 46 wells, and continuous water-level measurements were obtained from 165 wells. Continuous water-level records were obtained using analog (pen and chart) recorders and electronic data recorders that record the water level at 60-minute intervals. For wells having incomplete water-level record, water levels during periods of missing record may have been higher or lower than recorded water levels. Water samples collected from 85 wells during May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December 1999 were analyzed to determine chloride concentration in the Savannah and Brunswick areas.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000151","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cressler, A.M., 2000, Ground-water conditions in Georgia, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-151, ix, 171 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000151.","productDescription":"ix, 171 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-64","title":"Procedures for scour assessments at bridges in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Scour is the process and result of flowing water eroding the bed and banks of a stream. Scour at nearly 14,300 bridges(1) spanning water, and the stability of river and stream channels in Pennsylvania, are being assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). Procedures for bridge-scour assessments have been established to address the needs of PennDOT in meeting a 1988 Federal Highway Administration mandate requiring states to establish a program to assess all public bridges over water for their vulnerability to scour. The procedures also have been established to help develop an understanding of the local and regional factors that affect scour and channel stability.\r\n\r\nThis report describes procedures for the assessment of scour at all bridges that are 20 feet or greater in length that span water in Pennsylvania. There are two basic types of assessment: field-viewed bridge site assessments, for which USGS personnel visit the bridge site, and office-reviewed bridge site assessments, for which USGS personnel compile PennDOT data and do not visit the bridge site. Both types of assessments are primarily focused at assisting PennDOT in meeting the requirements of the Federal Highway Administration mandate; however, both assessments include procedures for the collection and processing of ancillary data for subsequent analysis. Date of bridge construction and the accessibility of the bridge substructure units for inspection determine which type of assessment a bridge receives. A Scour-Critical Bridge Indicator Code and a Scour Assessment Rating are computed from selected collected and compiled data. PennDOT personnel assign the final Scour-Critical Bridge Indicator Code and a Scour Assessment Rating on the basis of their review of all data.\r\n\r\n(1)Words presented in bold type are defined in the Glossary section of this report.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr200064","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Pennsylvania Department of Transportation\r\n","usgsCitation":"Cinotto, P.J., and White, K., 2000, Procedures for scour assessments at bridges in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-64, xii, 210 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr200064.","productDescription":"xii, 210 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7642,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/64/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66081a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cinotto, Peter J. pcinotto@usgs.gov","contributorId":451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cinotto","given":"Peter","email":"pcinotto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Kirk E. kewhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":2107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Kirk E.","email":"kewhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":188752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22325,"text":"ofr00195 - 2000 - Gold recycling; a materials flow study","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":22325,"text":"ofr00195 - 2000 - Gold recycling; a materials flow study","indexId":"ofr00195","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Gold recycling; a materials flow study"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":30778,"text":"cir1196A - 2001 - Gold recycling in the United States in 1998","indexId":"cir1196A","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Gold recycling in the United States in 1998"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":30778,"text":"cir1196A - 2001 - Gold recycling in the United States in 1998","indexId":"cir1196A","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Gold recycling in the United States in 1998"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:56","indexId":"ofr00195","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-195","title":"Gold recycling; a materials flow study","docAbstract":"This materials flow study includes a description of trends in consumption, loss, and recycling of gold-containing materials in the United States in 1998 in order to illustrate the extent to which gold is presently being recycled and to identify recycling trends. The quantity of gold recycled, as a percent of the apparent supply of gold, was estimated to be about 30 percent. Of the approximately 446 metric tons of gold refined in the United States in 1998, the fabricating and industrial use losses were 3 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00195","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Amey, E., 2000, Gold recycling; a materials flow study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-195, ii, 9 p. :ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00195.","productDescription":"ii, 9 p. :ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9148,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-195a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db67402c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amey, Earle B.","contributorId":67864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amey","given":"Earle B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23842,"text":"ofr0074 - 2000 - Tree and shrub community monitoring protocol for Channel Islands National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:08","indexId":"ofr0074","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-74","title":"Tree and shrub community monitoring protocol for Channel Islands National Park, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr0074","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"McEachern, K., 2000, Tree and shrub community monitoring protocol for Channel Islands National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-74, iii, 9 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0074.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0074/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53063,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db62691c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, Kathryn kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","contributorId":2411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22080,"text":"ofr00215 - 2000 - Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:22:06.206866","indexId":"ofr00215","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-215","title":"Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team, 1999","docAbstract":"The Western Earth Surfaces Processes Team (WESPT) of the U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division (USGS, GD), conducts geologic mapping and related topical earth- science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis currently include southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, and the Pacific Northwest. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains field offices at several other locations in the western United States.\n\nThe results of research conducted by the WESPT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WESPT released in 1999 as well as additional 1997 and 1998 publications that were not included in the previous list (USGS Open-file Report 99-302). Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WESPT staff. The list also includes some publications authored by non-USGS cooperators with the WESPT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WESPT in cooperation with WESPT projects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00215","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stone, P., and Powell, C.L., 2000, Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-215, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00215.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0215/"},{"id":51522,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154584,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0215/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655e3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":186988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}