This map is one of a series of large-scale (1:500,000) geologic maps of Mars initiated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to investigate areas of high scientific interest. The Gusev crater–Ma’adim Vallis region includes several potential landing sites for future Mars missions, including those with a focus on exobiology studies and sample return. Channels in the map area span a long age range, cut ancient rocks that may contain important biogenic information, and funneled water into exobiologically important lacustrine basins. The map area is characterized by diverse geologic units representing a variety of endogenic and exogenic processes. The geologic history of this region spans the entire history of the planet.
The base map was compiled from controlled pho-tomosaic maps of the Mars Transverse Mercator (MTM) –15182 and –15187 quadrangles (U.S. Geological Survey, 1992a, b). The map area is in the Aeolis re-gion, which was first mapped from Mariner 9 images at 1:5,000,000 scale (Scott and others, 1978) and at 1:25,000,000 scale (Scott and Carr, 1978). On the basis of Viking data, the area was later mapped at 1:15,000,000 scale (Greeley and Guest, 1987) and in part at 1:5,000,000 scale (Scott and Chapman, 1995). Recently, the area was mapped at 1:1,000,000 scale by Landheim (1995). This 1:500,000-scale map shows a great diversity of geologic materials and demonstrates a more complete understanding of fluvial processes in the highland plains, the evolution of Ma’adim Vallis, and sedimentation in Gusev crater and in de Vaucou-leurs, an ancient 300-km-diameter impact structure west of Gusev crater. Standard photogeologic mapping techniques elucidated by Wilhelms (1990) were used in this work. Viking Orbiter images used to map the area range in resolution from 63 to 70 m/pixel, with small patches at 225 m/pixel.
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]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb97e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. kdkelley@usgs.gov","contributorId":431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen","email":"kdkelley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661677,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":661678,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24104,"text":"ofr0010 - 2000 - An environmental history of the 19th century Marquette Iron 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Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-286","title":"Regional seismic lines reprocessed using post-stack processing techniques: National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM contains stacked, migrated, 2-Dimensional seismic reflection data and associated support information for 22 regional seismic lines (3,470 line-miles) recorded in the National Petroleum Reserve – Alaska (NPRA) from 1974 through 1981. Together, these lines constitute about one-quarter of the seismic data collected as part of the Federal Government’s program to evaluate the petroleum potential of the Reserve. The regional lines, which form a grid covering the entire NPRA, were created by combining various individual lines recorded in different years using different recording parameters. These data were reprocessed by the USGS using modern, post-stack processing techniques, to create a data set suitable for interpretation on interactive seismic interpretation computer workstations. Reprocessing was done in support of ongoing petroleum resource studies by the USGS Energy Program.
The CD-ROM contains the following files: 1) 22 files containing the digital seismic data in standard, SEG-Y format; 2) 1 file containing navigation data for the 22 lines in standard SEG-P1 format; 3) 22 small scale graphic images of each seismic line in Adobe Acrobat® PDF format; 4) a graphic image of the location map, generated from the navigation file, with hyperlinks to the graphic images of the seismic lines; 5) an ASCII text file with cross-reference information for relating the sequential trace numbers on each regional line to the line number and shotpoint number of the original component lines; and 6) an explanation of the processing used to create the final seismic sections (this document).
The SEG-Y format seismic files and SEG-P1 format navigation file contain all the information necessary for loading the data onto a seismic interpretation workstation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00286","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.J., Agena, W., Lee, M.W., Zihlman, F.N., Grow, J.A., Taylor, D.J., Killgore, M., and Oliver, H.L., 2000, Regional seismic lines reprocessed using post-stack processing techniques: National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-286, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00286.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410226,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_32201.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"National Petroleum Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.064,\n 70.39\n ],\n [\n -162.064,\n 68.268\n ],\n [\n -150.972,\n 68.268\n ],\n [\n -150.972,\n 70.39\n ],\n [\n -162.064,\n 70.39\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c46d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967 jmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":3785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"jmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agena, Warren F.","contributorId":67079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zihlman, F. N.","contributorId":16819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zihlman","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grow, J. A.","contributorId":27858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, D. J.","contributorId":50849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Killgore, Michele","contributorId":86802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killgore","given":"Michele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oliver, H. L.","contributorId":87130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":66714,"text":"i2691 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Alligator Ridge area, including the Buck Mountain East and Mooney Basin Summit quadrangles and parts of the Sunshine Well NE and Long Valley Slough quadrangles, White Pine County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:19","indexId":"i2691","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2691","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic map of the Alligator Ridge area, including the Buck Mountain East and Mooney Basin Summit quadrangles and parts of the Sunshine Well NE and Long Valley Slough quadrangles, White Pine County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Data set describes the geology of Paleozoic through Quaternary units in the Alligator Ridge area, which hosts disseminated gold deposits. These digital files were used to create the 1:24,000-scale geologic map of the Buck Mountain East and Mooney Basin Summit Quadrangles and parts of the Sunshine Well NE and Long Valley Slough Quadrangles, White Pine County, east-central Nevada.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2691","isbn":"0607944005","usgsCitation":"Nutt, C.J., 2000, Geologic map of the Alligator Ridge area, including the Buck Mountain East and Mooney Basin Summit quadrangles and parts of the Sunshine Well NE and Long Valley Slough quadrangles, White Pine County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2691, 1 map :col. ;116 x 68 cm., on sheet 146 x 106 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2691.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;116 x 68 cm., on sheet 146 x 106 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110125,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33760.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"33760"},{"id":188576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6105,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2691/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.61749999999999,39.6175 ], [ -115.61749999999999,39.8675 ], [ -115.38333333333334,39.8675 ], [ -115.38333333333334,39.6175 ], [ -115.61749999999999,39.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nutt, Constance J. cnutt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"Constance","email":"cnutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":274955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6531,"text":"pp1616 - 2000 - A geologic guide to Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska: A tectonic collage of northbound terranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-23T16:12:06.419941","indexId":"pp1616","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1616","title":"A geologic guide to Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska: A tectonic collage of northbound terranes","docAbstract":"Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, the largest unit in the U.S. National Park System, encompasses near 13.2 million acres of geological wonderments. This geologic guide presents history of exploration and Earth-science investigation; describes the complex geologic makeup; characterizes the vast college of accretion geologic terranes in this area of Alaska's continental margin; recapitulates the effects of earthquakes, volcanoes, and glaciers; characterizes the copper and gold resources of the parklands; and describes outstanding locales within the park and preserve area. A glossary of geologic terms and a categorized list of additional sources of information complete this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1616","usgsCitation":"Winkler, G., MacKevett, E.M., Plafker, G., Richter, D., Rosenkrans, D., and Schmoll, H., 2000, A geologic guide to Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska: A tectonic collage of northbound terranes (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1616, 166 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1616.","productDescription":"166 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426214,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33540.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1616/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1616.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.79126197083673,\n 62.77065372258221\n ],\n [\n -145.0178370915535,\n 59.81781863662275\n ],\n [\n -140.6618147245958,\n 59.81781863662275\n ],\n [\n -140.9742657890178,\n 62.59558790284228\n ],\n [\n -145.79126197083673,\n 62.77065372258221\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae64c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winkler, Gary R.","contributorId":75513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Gary R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacKevett, Edward M. 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Granitic plutonic rocks of the batholith dominate the geology of the Tower Peak quadrangle, and at least 18 separate pre-Tertiary intrusive events have been identified. Pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks crop out in the quadrangle in isolated roof pendants and septa. Tertiary volcanic rocks cover granitic rocks in the northern part of the quadrangle, but are not considered in this brief summary.\r\n\r\nPotassium-argon (K-Ar) age determinations for plutonic rocks in the quadrangle range from 83 to 96 million years (Ma), including one of 86 Ma for the granodiorite of Lake Harriet (Robinson and Kistler, 1986). However, a rubidium-strontium whole-rock isochron age of 129 Ma has been obtained for the Lake Harriet pluton (Robinson and Kistler, 1986), which field evidence indicates is the oldest plutonic body within the quadrangle. This suggests that some of the K-Ar ages record an episode of resetting during later thermal events and are too young. The evidence indicates that all the plutonic rocks are of Cretaceous age, with the youngest being the Cathedral Peak Granodiorite at about 83 Ma.\r\n\r\nThe pre-Tertiary rocks of the Tower Peak quadrangle fall into two groups: (1) an L-shaped area of older plutonic and metamorphic rocks, 3 to 10 km wide, that extends diagonally both northeast and southeast from near the center of the quadrangle; and (2) a younger group of large, probably composite intrusions that cover large areas in adjacent quadrangles and extend into the Tower Peak quadrangle from the east, north, and southwest.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2697","isbn":"0607942622","usgsCitation":"Wahrhaftig, C., 2000, Geologic Map of the Tower Peak Quadrangle, Central Sierra Nevada, California (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2697, 1 map :col. ;45 x 35 cm., on sheet 61 x 98 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2697.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;45 x 35 cm., on sheet 61 x 98 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110124,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33666.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"33666"},{"id":188392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9386,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2697/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.75,38 ], [ -119.75,38.25 ], [ -119.5,38.25 ], [ -119.5,38 ], [ -119.75,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahrhaftig, Clyde","contributorId":102473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahrhaftig","given":"Clyde","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32315,"text":"ofr0042 - 2000 - Colorado aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data (on-line version)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T21:58:00.301879","indexId":"ofr0042","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-42","title":"Colorado aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data (on-line version)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0042","usgsCitation":"Oshetski, K., and Kucks, R., 2000, Colorado aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data (on-line version): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-42, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0042.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409040,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23462.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3306,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0042/colorado.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -109.05,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -102.045,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -102.045,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -109.05,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae81b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oshetski, K. C.","contributorId":77567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oshetski","given":"K. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":64532,"text":"i2663 - 2000 - Map Showing Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of the Lees Ferry Area, Glen Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:09","indexId":"i2663","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2663","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Map Showing Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of the Lees Ferry Area, Glen Canyon, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2663","isbn":"0607942827","usgsCitation":"Hereford, R., Burke, K.J., and Thompson, K.S., 2000, Map Showing Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of the Lees Ferry Area, Glen Canyon, Arizona (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2663, 1 map :col. ;67 x 127 cm., on sheet 99 x 137 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2663.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;67 x 127 cm., on sheet 99 x 137 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110121,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33552.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"33552"},{"id":190185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9380,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2663/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.60027777777778,36.85055555555556 ], [ -111.60027777777778,36.86666666666667 ], [ -111.5675,36.86666666666667 ], [ -111.5675,36.85055555555556 ], [ -111.60027777777778,36.85055555555556 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64b046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hereford, Richard 0000-0002-0892-7367 rhereford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7367","contributorId":3620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Richard","email":"rhereford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":271246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, Kelly J.","contributorId":83583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Kathryn S.","contributorId":94722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70230881,"text":"70230881 - 2000 - Landsat 7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T16:49:02.34423","indexId":"70230881","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-23T11:43:35","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat 7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance","docAbstract":"The Landsat 7 Image Assessment System was developed to characterize and calibrate the radiometric and geometric performance of the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Pius (ETM+) instrument. Algorithms and software assess the geometric performance of the Landsat 7 spacecraft and ETM+ sensor system and perform geometric calibration by estimating sensor and spacecraft geometric parameters. Following the initial on-orbit calibration, performed during the Landsat 7 on- orbit initialization and verification period, all geometric performance goals were met. Geometric characterization and calibration activities will continue for the life of the Landsat 7 mission.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Aerosense 2000 algorithms for multispectral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery VI","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Aerosense 2000, Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI","conferenceDate":"Apr 24-28, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.410335","usgsCitation":"Storey, J.C., and Choate, M., 2000, Landsat 7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance, in Proceedings, Aerosense 2000 algorithms for multispectral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery VI, v. 4049, Orlando, FL, Apr 24-28, 2000, p. 143-154, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.410335.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4049","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storey, James C. 0000-0002-6664-7232 storey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7232","contributorId":5333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storey","given":"James","email":"storey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choate, Mike 0000-0002-8101-4994 choate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-4994","contributorId":4618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"Mike","email":"choate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70230878,"text":"70230878 - 2000 - Landsat 5/Landsat 7 underfly cross-calibration experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T15:42:58.934036","indexId":"70230878","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-23T10:33:10","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat 5/Landsat 7 underfly cross-calibration experiment","docAbstract":"There was a one-time opportunity to obtain nearly coincident coverage from both Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 as Landsat 7 drifted to its final orbital position during the initialization and verification phase following launch. During the underfly period, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data were collected using the U.S Landsat 7 ground station network and the solid-state recorder, while agreements were established with Space Imaging/EOSAT and various international ground stations to collect corresponding Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Approximately 750 coincident scenes were collected during the underfly from 1-3 June 1999. Underfly data are intended to play a major role in developing cross-calibrations to bridge the results derived from historical Landsat 5 TM data with research performed with current Landsat 7 ETM+ data. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the underfly experiment, and to provide some early comparative results between Landsat 5 and 7 data sets. Initial results indicate that products produced using TM and ETM+ data are very similar.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Aerosense 2000 algorithms for multispectral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery VI","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Aerosense 2000, Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI","conferenceDate":"Apr 24-28, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.410337","usgsCitation":"Mah, G.R., Vogelmann, J., and Choate, M., 2000, Landsat 5/Landsat 7 underfly cross-calibration experiment, in Proceedings, Aerosense 2000 algorithms for multispectral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery VI, v. 4049, Orlando, FL, Apr 24-28, 2000, p. 167-174, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.410337.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4049","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mah, Grant R. 0000-0002-2584-3915 mah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2584-3915","contributorId":4087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mah","given":"Grant","email":"mah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogelmann, James 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":192352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choate, Mike 0000-0002-8101-4994 choate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-4994","contributorId":4618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"Mike","email":"choate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70230872,"text":"70230872 - 2000 - Landsat 7 processing on the EROS Data Center's National Land Archive Processing System (NLAPS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T15:39:17.312764","indexId":"70230872","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-23T09:18:02","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat 7 processing on the EROS Data Center's National Land Archive Processing System (NLAPS)","docAbstract":"Staff at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) process Landsat 7 data for customer distribution on two distinct systems. The Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) processing is done on the Level -1 Product Generation System (LPGS), and the USGS processing is completed on the National Land Archive Processing System (NLAPS). The NLAPS is capable of processing data from Landsat 1-5 and 7 and SPOT 1-3. The data can be processed with correction levels ranging from Level-0 raw data to terrain-corrected precision products in a variety of output formats. The NLAPS processing system requires that different ordering procedures be used for standard recipe versus special order processing, and it makes available many processing and framing options. The NLAPS draws on a ground control point library whose sources range from paper maps to textual descriptions and registered source imagery, such as digital orthophoto quadrangles. The accuracy of the final products will vary depending on the level of correction applied and the source of the ground control points used for the precision corrections. An accuracy assessment of the LPGS systematic product versus the NLAPS systematic product demonstrates that both systems provide the same geometric and radiometric accuracy in systematically corrected products.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Aerosense 2000 algorithms for multispectral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery VI","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Aerosense 2000, Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI","conferenceDate":"Apr 24-28, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.410355","usgsCitation":"Jones, B., and Dix, L., 2000, Landsat 7 processing on the EROS Data Center's National Land Archive Processing System (NLAPS), in Proceedings, Aerosense 2000 algorithms for multispectral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery VI, v. 4049, Orlando, FL, Apr 24-28, 2000, p. 319-327, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.410355.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"327","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4049","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Brenda 0000-0003-4941-5349 bkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5349","contributorId":2994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Brenda","email":"bkjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dix, LeAnn","contributorId":290676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dix","given":"LeAnn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095220,"text":"70095220 - 2000 - Watching the Hayward Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-12T18:02:50.38453","indexId":"70095220","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-18T10:46:37","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watching the Hayward Fault","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.289.5482.1147","usgsCitation":"Simpson, R.W., 2000, Watching the Hayward Fault: Science, v. 289, no. 5482, p. 1147-1148, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5482.1147.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1147","endPage":"1148","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.4918,36.397 ], [ -123.4918,38.7926 ], [ -120.9045,38.7926 ], [ -120.9045,36.397 ], [ -123.4918,36.397 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"289","issue":"5482","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7b51e4b0b2908510e0d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70228815,"text":"70228815 - 2000 - Data Report: Intra-annual variability of the diatom assemblages at Hole 1034B (Saanich Inlet) near 9 ka","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T16:44:38.582144","indexId":"70228815","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-08T10:32:08","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5640,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","onlineIssn":"1096-7451","printIssn":"0884-5891","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"169S","chapter":"1","title":"Data Report: Intra-annual variability of the diatom assemblages at Hole 1034B (Saanich Inlet) near 9 ka","docAbstract":"Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1034 (48°38.000´N, 123°30.000´W) was drilled at a water depth of 200 m in the Saanich Inlet, an anoxic fjord on the southeastern coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to a depth of 118.2 meters below seafloor (mbsf). The uppermost 50 m consists of very well-laminated (triplet varves) diatomaceous muds deposited over the past 7000 yr. Below, sediments become progressively less distinctly laminated and reflect better oxygenated bottom-water conditions. The oldest sediments recovered at Site 1034 were dated as 14 to 15 ka (see Shipboard Scientific Party, 1998).
Varved sediments recovered during Leg 169S in the Saanich Inlet offer an excellent opportunity to compare the interannual variability of recent climatic elements (e.g., sea-surface temperature, salinity, precipitation) with those of late Quaternary periods that were characterized by climates appreciably different from those of today. A large amount of recent diatom data from Saanich Inlet exists, which can serve as a baseline for such comparisons: Sancetta (1989a, 1989b, 1990) investigated modern processes controlling the accumulation of diatoms and spacial and temporal trends of diatom flux in the Inlet; Sancetta and Calvert (1988) documented the annual cycle of sedimentation in the fjord. McQuoid (1995) and McQuoid and Hobson (1997) studied the modern pattern of diatom succession in the Saanich Inlet and analyzed the diatoms in laminae couplets in frozen sediment cores for the years 1900 to 1991 A.D.
During the hypsithermal warming of the early Holocene (~10-6 ka), climatic conditions throughout much of northern North America were warmer and drier than those of the present (Pielou, 1991; Hebda and Whitlock, 1997), largely as a result of increased solar insolation, which peaked between 10 and 9 ka at 65°N (Berger and Loutre, 1991). Temperatures are estimated to have been 2° to 4°C warmer than today for most of this interval, reaching a maximum between ~9 and 7 ka (Hebda and Whitlock, 1997). According to Heusser (1983) and Heusser (1985), rapid warming occurred at ~10 ka in southwestern British Columbia with summer conditions that were drier and as warm or warmer than today lasting until ~6 ka. Clague and Mathewes (1989) report that treeline elevation in the southeastern coast mountains of British Columbia reached elevations that were between 60 and 130 m higher than today between 9.1 and 8.2 ka. Thompson et al. (1993) argue that the driest conditions (period of maximum summer drought) of the Holocene were reached in western North America at 9 ka. The warmer and drier conditions of this Holocene thermal maximum were gradually replaced by cooler and wetter conditions (Hebda, 1995; Hebda and Whitlock, 1997).
This report describes the intra-annual variability of the diatom assemblages at Site 1034, during a 8-yr interval near 9 ka. Pollen and dinoflagellates are being studied from the same samples by R. Hebda and P. Mudie (unpubl. data).
","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.169S.195.2000","usgsCitation":"Fourtanier, E., and Barron, J.A., 2000, Data Report: Intra-annual variability of the diatom assemblages at Hole 1034B (Saanich Inlet) near 9 ka: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 169S, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.169S.195.2000.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Saanich Inlet, Vancouver Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.55155944824219,\n 48.485666057669334\n ],\n [\n -123.53370666503908,\n 48.51614951080023\n ],\n [\n -123.5309600830078,\n 48.52524549628992\n ],\n [\n -123.53370666503908,\n 48.53388516962484\n ],\n [\n -123.53370666503908,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -123.51036071777344,\n 48.54979649877053\n ],\n [\n -123.50143432617186,\n 48.551614617913636\n ],\n [\n -123.49937438964842,\n 48.55797752047523\n ],\n [\n -123.49113464355469,\n 48.563430800044365\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 48.5729726246542\n ],\n [\n -123.47946166992188,\n 48.57160961708199\n ],\n [\n -123.4808349609375,\n 48.55797752047523\n ],\n [\n -123.46435546875,\n 48.55570514713803\n ],\n [\n -123.46092224121094,\n 48.5588864412307\n ],\n [\n -123.46916198730467,\n 48.56524842925465\n ],\n [\n -123.45748901367188,\n 48.57160961708199\n ],\n [\n -123.46504211425781,\n 48.579787111382345\n ],\n [\n -123.46092224121094,\n 48.59159671248723\n ],\n [\n -123.47465515136719,\n 48.60294949578345\n ],\n [\n -123.47671508789062,\n 48.60885193484524\n ],\n [\n -123.46160888671875,\n 48.628824302362084\n ],\n [\n -123.46641540527342,\n 48.633362374769604\n ],\n [\n -123.47740173339844,\n 48.63063958030254\n ],\n [\n -123.47190856933595,\n 48.64016871811908\n ],\n [\n -123.45680236816408,\n 48.64697414317913\n ],\n [\n -123.44444274902344,\n 48.65241782207755\n ],\n [\n -123.44718933105469,\n 48.66012869453836\n ],\n [\n -123.4588623046875,\n 48.66829186224258\n ],\n [\n -123.46847534179686,\n 48.66874533279169\n ],\n [\n -123.48014831542969,\n 48.67826727167941\n ],\n [\n -123.47190856933595,\n 48.680080770292875\n ],\n [\n -123.47190856933595,\n 48.68960056688\n ],\n [\n -123.475341796875,\n 48.6932266827277\n ],\n [\n -123.44169616699219,\n 48.6977589603096\n ],\n [\n -123.40942382812501,\n 48.68552087440201\n ],\n [\n -123.43070983886719,\n 48.73536111738081\n ],\n [\n -123.4918212890625,\n 48.71679007064027\n ],\n [\n -123.55979919433592,\n 48.70319715481828\n ],\n [\n -123.53988647460938,\n 48.6932266827277\n ],\n [\n -123.53507995605469,\n 48.6814408514071\n ],\n [\n -123.53507995605469,\n 48.6705591741806\n ],\n [\n -123.53851318359375,\n 48.66511745413668\n ],\n [\n -123.53782653808594,\n 48.66058223854266\n ],\n [\n -123.54194641113281,\n 48.656953772242026\n ],\n [\n -123.55499267578125,\n 48.662849897350576\n ],\n [\n -123.56185913085936,\n 48.65604661485727\n ],\n [\n -123.5577392578125,\n 48.648788768109824\n ],\n [\n -123.53439331054689,\n 48.63245479293965\n ],\n [\n -123.52134704589844,\n 48.6106679311573\n ],\n [\n -123.52615356445312,\n 48.60340355404899\n ],\n [\n -123.52409362792969,\n 48.58069564021177\n ],\n [\n -123.5186004638672,\n 48.568883491709244\n ],\n [\n -123.52409362792969,\n 48.562976382535126\n ],\n [\n -123.5309600830078,\n 48.56524842925465\n ],\n [\n -123.54057312011719,\n 48.5607042337487\n ],\n [\n -123.55018615722658,\n 48.5607042337487\n ],\n [\n -123.56048583984374,\n 48.55252365298789\n ],\n [\n -123.55979919433592,\n 48.53979567575707\n ],\n [\n -123.54675292968749,\n 48.51978810100079\n ],\n [\n -123.55705261230469,\n 48.49795263955065\n ],\n [\n -123.55155944824219,\n 48.485666057669334\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fourtanier, Elisabeth","contributorId":279872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fourtanier","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12937,"text":"California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70260449,"text":"70260449 - 2000 - Charbeckia macrophylla gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Mississippian Price (Pocono) Formation of southeastern West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-01T16:02:55.036156","indexId":"70260449","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-07T10:49:34","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Charbeckia macrophylla gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Mississippian Price (Pocono) Formation of southeastern West Virginia","title":"Charbeckia macrophylla gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Mississippian Price (Pocono) Formation of southeastern West Virginia","docAbstract":"A fossil plant discovery from the Price (Pocono) Formation of southeastern West Virginia provides new information on the poorly known compression floras of the Lower Mississippian of North America. The new plant described herein consists of long tapering bipinnate fronds with imbricate basal pinnae, planate apical pinnae, and unlobed, elliptical to obovate pinnules with open dichotomous venation. Veins concentrated in the medial region of the pinnule curve toward the lateral margin, suggestive of an early stage in the evolution of a midrib. Pinnules exhibit a distinctly revolute or otherwise reinforced margin. The exceptional length of some fronds (over 1 m) and pinnule size (some over 3 cm by 2 cm) strongly contrast with the generally diffusely branched fronds and small or highly dissected pinnule morphology that typify Early Mississippian leaf taxa. A new generic assignment, Charbeckia macrophylla, is thereby justified. The rigid appearance of the tapering rachis, the imbricate pinnae that appear to have resisted compression, and the reinforced pinnule margins imply thick evergreen leaves, perhaps adapted for drought tolerance. A possible Calamopityalean affinity is indicated by the size of the fronds and the stout petioles, which fall within the expected size range of the Kalymma-type petiole bases described from the nearby New Albany Shale of Tournaisian age.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00018-X","usgsCitation":"Knaus, M.J., Upchurch, G.R., and Gillespie, W., 2000, Charbeckia macrophylla gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Mississippian Price (Pocono) Formation of southeastern West Virginia: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 111, no. 1-2, p. 71-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00018-X.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":463547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knaus, Margaret Jane","contributorId":345855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knaus","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Jane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Upchurch, Garland R. Jr.","contributorId":88796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upchurch","given":"Garland","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gillespie, W.H.","contributorId":10804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198527,"text":"70198527 - 2000 - Mobilization and transport of soil particles during infiltration experiments in an agricultural field, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T17:10:07","indexId":"70198527","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-01T17:03:07","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization and transport of soil particles during infiltration experiments in an agricultural field, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia","docAbstract":"Evidence that fine particles mobilized and transported in soils and aquifers can have a profound influence on contaminant migration has spawned much interest recently in understanding colloid transport in natural materials. Repeated infiltration experiments on an initially dry field soil were conducted to evaluate rates of mobilization of fine particles over time and to investigate the importance of transient-flow events on particle transport. Water flow was measured in zero-tension lysimeters at 25 cm depth. For repeated infiltration events and for all plots, water flow sharply increased shortly after initial ponding of water at the soil surface, maintained a relatively steady level during the period of ponding, and decreased gradually thereafter. Particle concentrations measured in the pan lysimeters ranged from 7 mg L-1 to 265 mg L-1 and were typically on the order of 10 to 100 mg L-1. Greatest particle mass flux was observed during the initial infiltration experiment on each plot. During four subsequent infiltration experiments, all conducted within 250 min of the first event, steady mass fluxes were observed that were approximately 70% of the average value seen in the first flush of water through a dry soil, indicating that the supply of mobile soil particles is only sparingly reduced over closely spaced infiltration events. All peak particle concentrations and mass fluxes occurred near either the rising limb or the falling limb of the water flux hydrograph, presumably reflecting the movement of air−water interfaces during imbibition and drainage.
","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es991099g","usgsCitation":"El-Farhan, Y.H., DeNovio, N.M., Herman, J.S., and Hornberger, G.M., 2000, Mobilization and transport of soil particles during infiltration experiments in an agricultural field, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 17, p. 3555-3559, https://doi.org/10.1021/es991099g.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3555","endPage":"3559","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":356229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Valley","volume":"34","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98d77ae4b0702d0e847bf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"El-Farhan, Yassar H.","contributorId":206794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"El-Farhan","given":"Yassar","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeNovio, Nicole M.","contributorId":206795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeNovio","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornberger, George M.","contributorId":206360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hornberger","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36656,"text":"Vanderbilt University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70073400,"text":"70073400 - 2000 - Sm-Nd dating of the giant Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T11:17:27","indexId":"70073400","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-01T15:52:51","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sm-Nd dating of the giant Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia","docAbstract":"We report here Sm and Nd isotope data for hydrothermal tourmalinites and sulfide ores from the giant Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, which occurs in the lower part of the Mesoproterozoic Purcell (Belt) Supergroup. Whole-rock samples of quartz-tourmaline tourmalinite from the footwall alteration pipe yield a Sm-Nd isochron age of 1470 ± 59 Ma, recording synsedimentary B metasomatism of clastic sediments during early evolution of the Sullivan hydrothermal system. Data for variably altered (chloritized and/or albitized) tourmalinites from the hanging wall of the deposit, which are believed to have formed originally ca. 1470 Ma, define a younger 1076 ± 77 Ma isochron because of resetting of Sm and Nd isotopes during Grenvillian metamorphism. HCl leachates of bedded Pb-Zn ore yield a Sm-Nd isochron age of 1451 ± 46 Ma, which is consistent with syngenetic-exhalative mineralization ca. 1470 Ma; this age could also reflect a slightly younger, epigenetic hydrothermal event. Results obtained for the Sullivan deposit indicate that the Sm-Nd geochronometer has the potential to directly date mineralization and alteration in stratabound sulfide deposits that are not amenable to dating by other isotope methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<751:SDOTGS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Jiang, S., Slack, J.F., and Palmer, M.R., 2000, Sm-Nd dating of the giant Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia: Geology, v. 28, no. 8, p. 751-754, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<751:SDOTGS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"751","endPage":"754","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281213,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<751:SDOTGS>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.27,49.0 ], [ -122.27,53.78 ], [ -114.05,53.78 ], [ -114.05,49.0 ], [ -122.27,49.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7312e4b0b29085108b8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Shao-Yong","contributorId":80586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Shao-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmer, Martin R.","contributorId":11119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073903,"text":"70073903 - 2000 - Late Holocene Peléan-style eruption at Tacaná volcano, Mexico and Guatemala: past, present, and future hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T13:28:45","indexId":"70073903","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-01T13:06:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene Peléan-style eruption at Tacaná volcano, Mexico and Guatemala: past, present, and future hazards","docAbstract":"Tacaná volcano, located on the border between Mexico and Guatemala, marks the northern extent of the Central American volcanic chain. Composed of three volcanic structures, it is a volcanic complex that has had periodic explosive eruptions for at least the past 40 k.y. The most recent major eruption occurred at the San Antonio volcano, the youngest volcanic edifice forming the complex, about 1950 yr ago. The Peléan style eruption, issued from the southwest part of the dome, and swept a 30° sector with a hot block and ash flow that traveled about 14 km along the Cahoacán ravine. Deposits from this event are well exposed around the town of Mixcun and were therefore given the name of that town, the Mixcun flow deposit. The Mixcun flow deposit is, in the channel facies, a light gray, massive, thick (>10 m), matrix-supported unit with dispersed lithic clasts of gravel to boulder size, divisible in some sections into a variable number of flow units. The overbank facies is represented by a thin (<1 m), massive, matrix-supported unit. In both of these facies the deposit has disseminated charcoal, fumarolic pipes, and juvenile lithics with cooling joints. The Mixcun flow deposit contains clasts of (1) light gray, dense andesite, (2) dark gray, glassy and banded andesite, and (3) minor altered red andesite from the edifice, set in a matrix of sand and silt. The Mixcun flow deposit covers an area of at least 25 km2 and has a minimum estimated volume of 0.12 km3. Basaltic-andesite inclusions (54% SiO2) and various signs of disequilibrium in the mineral assemblage of the two-pyroxene andesitic products (60%–63% SiO2) suggest that magma mixing may have triggered the eruption. Following deposition of the Mixcun flow deposit andesitic to dacitic (62%–64% SiO2) lava flows were extruded and a dacitic dome (64.4% SiO2) at the San Antonio summit formed. Syn-eruptive and posteruptive lahars flooded the main drainages of the Cahoacán and Izapa-Mixcun valleys in the area of the present city of Tapachula (population 250000) and the pre-Hispanic center of Izapa. Three radiocarbon ages date this event between A.D. 25 and 72 (range ±1σ, 38 B.C.–A.D. 216), which correlates with a halt in construction at Izapa (Hato phase of ca. 50 B.C.–A.D. 100), probably due to temporary abandonment of the city caused by lahars. Another similar event would produce extensive damage to the towns (population of about 68,000 people) now built upon the Mixcun flow deposit. The main summit of Tacaná volcano continues to show signs of fumarolic activity; the most recent period of activity in 1985–1986 culminated in a minor phreatic explosion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geologic Society of America","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1234:LHPEAT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Macias, J.L., Espíndola, J., Garcia-Palomo, A., Scott, K.M., Hughes, S., and Mora, J.C., 2000, Late Holocene Peléan-style eruption at Tacaná volcano, Mexico and Guatemala: past, present, and future hazards: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 8, p. 1234-1249, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1234:LHPEAT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1234","endPage":"1249","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281418,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1234:LHPEAT>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"Guatemala;Mexico","city":"Tapachula","otherGeospatial":"Cahoac�n River;Mixcun River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.5447,14.4985 ], [ -92.5447,15.2507 ], [ -91.9968,15.2507 ], [ -91.9968,14.4985 ], [ -92.5447,14.4985 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"112","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6427e4b0b290850ff465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macias, J. L.","contributorId":52883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macias","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Espíndola, J. M.","contributorId":32448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espíndola","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia-Palomo, A.","contributorId":89340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia-Palomo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, K. 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After a persistent swarm of earthquakes beneath Mammoth Mountain in 1989, geologists discovered that large volumes of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) gas were seeping from beneath this volcano. This gas is killing trees on the mountain and also can be a danger to people. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) continues to study the CO2 emissions to help protect the public from this invisible potential hazard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs17296","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M.L., Farrar, C.D., Gerlach, T.M., McGee, K.A., Evans, W.C., Colvard, E.M., Hill, D.P., Bailey, R.A., Rogie, J.D., Hendley, J.W., and Stauffer, P.H., 2000, Invisible CO2 gas killing trees at Mammoth Mountain, California (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 172-96, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs17296.","productDescription":"1 sheet","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_172_96.jpg"},{"id":235,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs172-96/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, Michael L.","contributorId":20726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, Christopher D. cdfarrar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Christopher","email":"cdfarrar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":151218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerlach, Terrance M.","contributorId":89512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"Terrance","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGee, Kenneth A. kenmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":151219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colvard, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":26675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvard","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":151222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bailey, Roy A.","contributorId":42576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rogie, John D.","contributorId":40971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hendley, James W. 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n its simplest form, stream gaging may consist of measuring any number of the following stream characteristics: stage (or depth), cross-sectional area, velocity, and (or) flow (or discharge). When the depth and velocity are measured at several points across the stream channel so that the flow (or discharge ) is calculated, a streamflow measurement (or discharge measurement ) is made.
By making streamflow measurements at the same site on a stream over a wide range of stages, a relation between stage and discharge can be developed. This relation can be used to provide information on the magnitude and fluctuations of flow on a stream. If long-term or continuous information is needed on a specific site, a stream-gaging station can be established. A stream-gaging station is a site where stage is monitored and recorded and streamflow measurements are made to provide a stage-discharge relation.
Ever since the first documented streamflow measurement was made in Ohio — on the Sandusky River — stream-gaging information has been used to minimize the effects of floods and droughts, determine locations for water intakes and wastewater-treatment plants, and provide data for many other uses. Today, stream gaging is a routine activity in managing the State’s water resources.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229