A study of leaching of freshly erupted basaltic and dacitic air-fall ash and bomb fragment samples, unaffected by rain, shows that glass dissolution is the dominant orocess by which uranium is initially mobilized from air-fall volcanic ash. Si, Li, and V are also Preferentially mobilized by glass dissolution. Gaseous transfer followed by fixation of soluble uranium species on volcanic-ash particles is not an important process affecting uranium mobility. Gaseous transfer, however, may be important in forming water-soluble phases, adsorbed to ash surfaces, enriched in the economically and environmentally important elements Zn, Cu, Cd, Ph, B, F, and Ba. Quick removal of these adsorbed elements by the first exposure of freshly erupted ash to rain and surface water may pose short-term hazards to certain forms of aquatic and terrestrial life. Such rapid release of material may also represent the first step in transportation of economically important elements to environments favorable for precipitation into deposits of commercial interest.
Ash samples collected from the active Guatemalan volcanoes Fuego and Pacaya (high-Al basalts) and Santiaguito (hornblende-hypersthene dacite); bomb fragments from Augustine volcano (andesite-dacite), Alaska, and Heimaey (basalt), Vestmann Islands, Iceland; and fragments of \"rhyolitic\" pumice from various historic eruptions were subjected to three successive leaches with a constant water-to-ash weight ratio of 4:1. The volcanic material was successively leached by (1) distilled-deionized water (pH = 5.0-5.5) at room temperature for 24 hours, which removes water-soluble cases and salts adsorbed on ash surfaces during eruption; (2) dilute HC1 solution (pH = 3.5-4.0) at room temperature for 24 hours, which continues the attack initiated by the water and also attacks acid-soluble sulfides and oxides; '3) a solution 0.05 M in both Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 (pH = 9.9) at 80°C for one week, which preferentially dissolves volcanic class. The first two leaches mimic interaction of ash with rain produced in the vicinity of an active eruption. The third leach accelerates the effect of prolonged contact of volcanic ash with alkaline ground water present during ash diagenesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81118","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Zielinski, R.A., and Rose, W.I., 1981, Leachability of uranium and other elements from freshly erupted volcanic ash: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-118, iii, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81118.","productDescription":"iii, 95 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393800,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":162750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":162751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, William I. Jr.","contributorId":71556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11322,"text":"ofr81897 - 1981 - Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T20:56:37.089157","indexId":"ofr81897","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-897","title":"Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981","docAbstract":"The objective of this research is to collect and analyze data on earthquake activity in the northeast Gulf of Alaska (NEGOA) and adjacent onshore areas in order to develop a better regional seismotectonic model and more accurately assess the earthquake potential. This information is critical to the establishment of criteria for the safe development of oil and gas. Large (Ms> 7) historical earthquakes have occurred in and around the NEGOA, and recent studies suggest that the NEGOA is a likely site for a magnitude 8 or larger earthquake to occur within the next two or three decades. A great earthquake (Ms>8) associated with low-angle oblique underthrusting of the sea floor beneath continental shelf could be accompanied by strong ground shaking throughout much of the eastern Gulf of Alaska, possibly from Cross Sound to Kayak Island (Page, 1975), and could trigger tsunamis, seiches, and submarine slumping, any of which could be hazardous to offshore and coastal structures (Meyers, 1976).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81897","usgsCitation":"Stephens, C.D., Lahr, J.C., and Rogers, J.A., 1981, Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-897, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81897.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420276,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0897/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144051,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0897/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410976,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12199.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -134,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -134,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6281a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, Christopher D. 0000-0003-0858-3709 cdstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-3709","contributorId":2788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Christopher","email":"cdstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":162930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahr, John C.","contributorId":20328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, John A.","contributorId":82704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":7677,"text":"ofr81654 - 1981 - Chemical analyses of coal from the Healy, Kenai, Seldovia, and Utokok River 1:250,000 quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:06","indexId":"ofr81654","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-654","title":"Chemical analyses of coal from the Healy, Kenai, Seldovia, and Utokok River 1:250,000 quadrangles, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81654","usgsCitation":"Affolter, R.H., Simon, F.O., and Stricker, G.D., 1981, Chemical analyses of coal from the Healy, Kenai, Seldovia, and Utokok River 1:250,000 quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-654, 89 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81654.","productDescription":"89 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0654/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35149,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0654/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Affolter, Ronald H. affolter@usgs.gov","contributorId":659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Affolter","given":"Ronald","email":"affolter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":156418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, Frederick Otto","contributorId":30616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"Otto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, Gary D. gstricker@usgs.gov","contributorId":87163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Gary","email":"gstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":156420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":7498,"text":"ofr81506 - 1981 - Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Kanayut Conglomerate and associated units, Brooks Range, Alaska; report of 1979 field season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:05","indexId":"ofr81506","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-506","title":"Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Kanayut Conglomerate and associated units, Brooks Range, Alaska; report of 1979 field season","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81506","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, T.H., Moore, T., Brosge, W., and Dutro, J.T., 1981, Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Kanayut Conglomerate and associated units, Brooks Range, Alaska; report of 1979 field season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-506, iv, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81506.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0506/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34952,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0506/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbb75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Tor Helge","contributorId":89864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Tor","email":"","middleInitial":"Helge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":85592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dutro, J. T.","contributorId":79097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":11395,"text":"ofr81355 - 1981 - Proceedings of the Symposium on Mineral Deposits of the Pacific Northwest: Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section meeting at Corvallis, Oregon, March 20-21, 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-25T20:41:57.412872","indexId":"ofr81355","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-355","title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Mineral Deposits of the Pacific Northwest: Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section meeting at Corvallis, Oregon, March 20-21, 1980","docAbstract":"Stratiform and volcanogenic zinc-lead-barium deposits occur within the pelagic Kagvik sequence in the Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas in the DeLong Mountains and Howard Pass quadrangles. The sulfide deposits occur together with barite, tuff, sandstone, shale, chert, and keratophyre flows and sills. The three main occurrences of the stratiform zinc-lead-barium deposits in the Red Dog Creek area are: (1) thinly-bedded stratiform sulfide minerals in organic-rich Mississippian shale and chert; (2) massive sulfide vein and breccia fillings in Mississippian shale; and (3) massive stratiform barite lenses and nodules in chert and shale of the Siksikpuk Formation. The Drenchwater Creek area has only the first type. Sulfide-bearing zones of up to several thousand meters long occur in both areas with up to 19.5 percent Zn, 9.5 percent Pb, and locally more than 150 ppm Ag. Radiolaria from sulfide-bearing chert indicate in the Red Dog Creek area a Mississippian age of sulfide deposition. K/Ar ages of 319 + 10 m.y. and 330 + 17 m.y. obtained from biotite in keratophyre associated with sulfide-bearing tuff and chert in the Drenchwater Creek area indicate a Mississippian age of sulfide deposition.
Sulfur isotope analyses of sulfur-bearing minerals from the Red Dog Creek area indicate that a combination of sea water sulfate and deep-seated sulfur was probably the source of the barite sulfate whereas sulfur in the sulfide minerals may have had a deep-seated source. Sulfur isotope values for sphalerite and galena are similar in vein and stratiform occurrences. Using sulfur isotope geothermetry, spalerite-galena pairs yield paleotemperatures of between 115° and 305° C. Lead isotope analyses of galena from both the Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas yield Triassic model ages of approximately 200 m.y. Lead isotope data from both areas approximate typical orogene, i.e., Andean-type arc, or mature island-arc values and exclude ocean floor rifting for the generation of lead. The isotopic, petrologic, and field data indicate the stratiform zinc-lead-barium deposits in the Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas formed during a short-lived period of Mississippian submarine volcanism in either an incipient Andean-type arc, or mature island arc environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81355","usgsCitation":"Silberman, M.L., Field, C.W., and Berry, A.L., 1981, Proceedings of the Symposium on Mineral Deposits of the Pacific Northwest: Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section meeting at Corvallis, Oregon, March 20-21, 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-355, x, 345 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81355.","productDescription":"x, 345 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0355/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":431450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0355/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.34611710113654,\n 32.65609020834708\n ],\n [\n -112.34611710113654,\n 71.66471626213414\n ],\n [\n -170.5697252028482,\n 71.66471626213414\n ],\n [\n -170.5697252028482,\n 32.65609020834708\n ],\n [\n -112.34611710113654,\n 32.65609020834708\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66045a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silberman, Miles L.","contributorId":92536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberman","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, C. W.","contributorId":40469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, Anne L.","contributorId":20598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10342,"text":"ofr81745 - 1981 - A field guide to some common megafossils from post-Callovian Mesozoic rocks of the Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:23","indexId":"ofr81745","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-745","title":"A field guide to some common megafossils from post-Callovian Mesozoic rocks of the Alaska Peninsula","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81745","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.W., and Jones, D.L., 1981, A field guide to some common megafossils from post-Callovian Mesozoic rocks of the Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-745, 16 p.; 1 over-size sheet, ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81745.","productDescription":"16 p.; 1 over-size sheet, ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0745/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38193,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0745/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38194,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0745/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, John W.","contributorId":70357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, David Lawrence","contributorId":11580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11458,"text":"ofr81514 - 1981 - Petrology, geochemistry, and origin of the Red Mountain ultramafic body near Seldovia, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T19:25:01.868373","indexId":"ofr81514","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-514","title":"Petrology, geochemistry, and origin of the Red Mountain ultramafic body near Seldovia, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81514","usgsCitation":"Toth, M.I., 1981, Petrology, geochemistry, and origin of the Red Mountain ultramafic body near Seldovia, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-514, Report: v, 86 p.; 2 Plates: 19.68 × 25.61 inches and 19.78 × 25.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81514.","productDescription":"Report: v, 86 p.; 2 Plates: 19.68 × 25.61 inches and 19.78 × 25.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0514/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39319,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0514/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108155,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12060.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12060"},{"id":39318,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0514/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39320,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0514/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Seldovia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.567,\n 59.346\n ],\n [\n -151.467,\n 59.346\n ],\n [\n -151.467,\n 59.4\n ],\n [\n -151.567,\n 59.4\n ],\n [\n -151.567,\n 59.346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686a89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toth, Margo I.","contributorId":18365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"Margo","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22470,"text":"ofr81122 - 1981 - Metallic mineral deposits of southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr81122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-122","title":"Metallic mineral deposits of southeastern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81122","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Berg, H., Decker, J.E., and Abramson, B.S., 1981, Metallic mineral deposits of southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-122, viii, 145 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:1,000.000 ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81122.","productDescription":"viii, 145 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:1,000.000 ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108104,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11922.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11922"},{"id":156635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51988,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0122/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51989,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6272ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berg, Henry C.","contributorId":73176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Henry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, John E.","contributorId":52940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abramson, Beth S.","contributorId":58249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abramson","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10560,"text":"ofr81827 - 1981 - Grain size data compilation and parameters of sediment samples; lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1976 through 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T18:02:00.459383","indexId":"ofr81827","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-827","title":"Grain size data compilation and parameters of sediment samples; lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1976 through 1979","docAbstract":"Lower Cook Inlet is the southern part of the large tidal inlet that connects Anchorage with the Pacific Ocean (fig. 1). During the summer field seasons of 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979, the U.S. Geological Survey under contract with the Bureau of Land Management through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration conducted geo-environmental studies in lower Cook Inlet (note Table 1) (Bouma and Hampton, 1976; Bouma and others, 1978, Hampton and Bouma 1979, 1980).
The USGS research vessel SEA SOUNDER was used to obtain continuous seismic reflection profiles and to collect seafloor sediment samples. In addition, bottom samples were taken by the University of Alaska during benthic biological studies aboard the R/V MOANA WAVE (April 1976) and the NOAA vessel MILLER FREEMAN (October1976, Feder,1977). Textural analyses were carried out on sediment samples taken at 117 station locations. Sample collection was influenced by the nature of the substrate, texture, equipment malfunction and weather. Figure 2 presents a map with station locations. Station locations and other data are tabulated in Appendix I.
A modified Van Veen grab sampler, capable of taking an undisturbed surface sample of 40X60X30 cm was used to collect unconsolidated sediment. In addition, a 3-m gravity corer and a 2-m vibracorer were used at selected sites. The top ten centimeters of each sample were used for grain size analysis. Most samples were taken from bedform fields that occupy much of central lower Cook Inlet. Water depths in the lower inlet range from 40 to 170 m, averaging approximately 70 m. Strong tidal currents are present and surface water velocities of 3-5 knots (150-250 cm/sec) are common during flood and ebb tides (Bouma and Hampton, 1978).
The bottom of central lower Cook Inlet is almost completely covered by sand. Bedrock material can be observed at the seafloor on seismic records in isolated areas. The sand occurs in bedform patterns; textural data are important when determining the relationship between the currents and migrating sand bodies patterns. Immediate and long-term effects of sand movement over and around obstructions placed on the seafloor should be studied to prevent damage or destruction to the sensitive ecosystem of lower Cook Inlet.
This report presents textural grain-size data that have been gathered for lower Cook Inlet samples, the method of collection, and analytical processes. The data in Appendix 2 can be used to compare calculated parameters in order to properly assess the sedimentary environment of lower Cook Inlet.
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N.","contributorId":13199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutro, J. T.","contributorId":79097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Detterman, R. 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1981 - Biostratigraphic correlations of selected test wells of National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr811165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1165","title":"Biostratigraphic correlations of selected test wells of National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811165","usgsCitation":"Witmer, R.J., Mickey, M.B., and Haga, H., 1981, Biostratigraphic correlations of selected test wells of National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1165, iii, 92 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811165.","productDescription":"iii, 92 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39591,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1165/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39592,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1165/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39593,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1165/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39594,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1165/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39595,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1165/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39596,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1165/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39597,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a31e4b07f02db617e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witmer, Roger J.","contributorId":61430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witmer","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mickey, Michael B.","contributorId":9656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haga, Hideyo","contributorId":10805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haga","given":"Hideyo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11711,"text":"ofr811166 - 1981 - Biostratigraphic report of thirty-three wells drilled from 1975 to 1981 in National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr811166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1166","title":"Biostratigraphic report of thirty-three wells drilled from 1975 to 1981 in National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811166","usgsCitation":"Witmer, R.J., Haga, H., and Mickey, M.B., 1981, Biostratigraphic report of thirty-three wells drilled from 1975 to 1981 in National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1166, iii, 50 p. ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811166.","productDescription":"iii, 50 p. ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1166/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39598,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1166/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a32e4b07f02db6180b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witmer, Roger J.","contributorId":61430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witmer","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haga, Hideyo","contributorId":10805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haga","given":"Hideyo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mickey, Michael B.","contributorId":9656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11731,"text":"ofr811298 - 1981 - Proceedings of a workshop on clathrates (gas hydrates) in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, July 16-17, 1979, Menlo Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T16:29:28","indexId":"ofr811298","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1298","title":"Proceedings of a workshop on clathrates (gas hydrates) in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, July 16-17, 1979, Menlo Park, California","docAbstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this report is to make available the results of the \"Workshop on clathrates (gas hydrates) in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska,\" July 16-17, 1979, Menlo Park, California.
Scope: Written reports presented by participants of the workshop, relevant letters generated by this workshop and some \"forms\" created within ONPRA to aid in collecting information are an unusual assemblage but are presented in the proceedings because I feel they can be of use to others. The articles are arranged alphabetically because of the diverse aspects in style and subject matter. A comprehensive list of references was forwarded to Gas Research Institute to avoid duplication of bibliographic effort and because I have been unable to unscramble Russian references to the satisfaction of our editors.
The workshop on Clathrates in NPRA: The workshop was convened in Menlo Park on July 16-17, 1979, to review our \"knowledge of clathrates and to help develop background for ONPRA 1 s program on clathrates. Speakers were invited to discuss clathrates or some aspect of the physical or chemical relations of clathrates. The letters of invitation, schedule of talks, list of attendees, and a list of workers interested in clathrates are inserted, although the procedure is unusual because these define the scope and objectives of the meetings.
Conclusions from the meeting: Conclusions of the discussions are: (a) very little is known about in situ clathrates, (b) our ability to identify in situ clathrates while drilling is poor, (c) the engineering of ONPRA wells is not conductive to the study of clathrates because of the large holes drilled, and (d) ONPRA could justify only limited investigations of clathrates. The attendees unanimously agreed that the next step to be taken by ONPRA should be to examine the wire-line logs and drilling records of NPRA wells to identify probable zones of natural occurring gas hydrates (clathrates). The atttendees stressed the need for more accurate data on natural thermoclines and additional compositional analyses of gases encountered in NPRA wells in order to more accurately define the P/T fields of natural clathrates of NPRA. Article 2 is an overview of results of the meeting.
","conferenceTitle":"Workshop on Clathrates (Gas Hydrates) in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska","conferenceDate":"July 16-17, 1979","conferenceLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811298","usgsCitation":"1981, Proceedings of a workshop on clathrates (gas hydrates) in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, July 16-17, 1979, Menlo Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1298, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811298.","productDescription":"165 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1298/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39617,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1298/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"National Petroleum Reserve","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660724","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bowsher, Arthur Leroy","contributorId":27058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowsher","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"Leroy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727932,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9935,"text":"ofr81736 - 1981 - Review of earthquake activity and current status of seismic monitoring in the region of the Bradley Lake hydroelectric project, southern Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:26","indexId":"ofr81736","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-736","title":"Review of earthquake activity and current status of seismic monitoring in the region of the Bradley Lake hydroelectric project, southern Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81736","usgsCitation":"Lahr, J.C., and Stephens, C., 1981, Review of earthquake activity and current status of seismic monitoring in the region of the Bradley Lake hydroelectric project, southern Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-736, 34 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81736.","productDescription":"34 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0736/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37715,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0736/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60410d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lahr, John C.","contributorId":20328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, C.D.","contributorId":18752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6012,"text":"pp1148 - 1981 - Early Jurassic ammonites from Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:03","indexId":"pp1148","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1148","title":"Early Jurassic ammonites from Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. :\r\nFor sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1148","usgsCitation":"Imlay, R.W., 1981, Early Jurassic ammonites from Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1148, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1148.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32959,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c2a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imlay, Ralph Willard","contributorId":19155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imlay","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"Willard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36643,"text":"fwsobs81_12 - 1981 - An annotated bibliography of literature on Alaska water birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:53:37","indexId":"fwsobs81_12","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"81/12","title":"An annotated bibliography of literature on Alaska water birds","docAbstract":"The demand for information on birds in Alaska has surged within the past few years, primarily because of the need to adequately assess the impacts of a wide range of planned developments. The accompanying increase in studies of avian populations has resulted in a growing need for a comprehensive bibliography of Alaska ornithology. An initial effort by Bartonek and Lensink (1978) provided a list of published and unpublished references on marine birds, but this list was only marginally useful because it lacked adequate indexing and annotation of references cited. Their bibliography, however, plus those of Cade (1953) and Gabrielson and Lincoln (1959), provided the basis and primary reference sources for our work.
In the present bibliography we have attempted to compile all substantive references addressing water birds in Alaska because this group of birds appears to be most Vulnerable to repercussions of development, particularly along the coast. However, the works cited make up an estimated 70-80% of all literature on birds in Alaska, and this volume thus provides an initial source of references on terrestrial birds. This bibliography, which contains 1554 citations, is current for most journal sources through 1979 and most of 1980. The content of each paper has been summarized, and we have indexed the citations by subject, species, and geographic location to make the bibliography a more useful reference. Furthermore, the bibliography has been designed to facilitate future inclusion of references that have been omitted or that will be published in the rapidly growing body of literature on Alaska birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Handel, C.M., Petersen, M.R., Gill, R., and Lensink, C.J., 1981, An annotated bibliography of literature on Alaska water birds: FWS/OBS 81/12, iv, 515 p.","productDescription":"iv, 515 p.","numberOfPages":"527","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685843","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":216716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lensink, Calvin J.","contributorId":99612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lensink","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33810,"text":"National Wildlife Refuge Association","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}