{"pageNumber":"322","pageRowStart":"8025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68839,"records":[{"id":70205562,"text":"70205562 - 2018 - Effect of sample holding time on bioaccessibility and sediment ecotoxicological assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T16:04:44.131524","indexId":"70205562","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-01T08:44:48","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of sample holding time on bioaccessibility and sediment ecotoxicological assessments","docAbstract":"The ecotoxicological effects of hydrophobic organic compound (HOC) contamination in sediment are often\nassessed using laboratory exposures of cultured invertebrates to field-collected sediment. The use of a\nsediment holding time (storage at 4°C) between field sampling and the beginning of the bioassay is common\npractice, yet the effect of holding time on the reliability of bioassay results is largely unknown, especially\nfor current-use HOCs, such as pyrethroid insecticides. Single-point Tenax extraction can be used\nto estimate HOC concentrations in the rapidly desorbing phase of the organic carbon fraction of sediment\n(i.e., bioaccessible concentrations), which relate to sediment toxicity and bioaccumulation in invertebrates. In\nthis study, repeated measurements of bioaccessible concentrations (via Tenax), were made as a function of\nsediment holding time using pyrethroid-contaminated field sediment, and Hyalella azteca 10-d survival and\ngrowth was measured concurrently for comparison. Similarly, bioaccessible concentrations and 14-d bioaccumulation\nwere measured in Lumbriculus variegatus as a comparison using the legacy HOCs, polychlorinated\nbiphenyls (PCBs). While the bioaccessible and bioaccumulated PCB concentrations did not change significantly\nthrough 244d of holding time, the bioaccessible pyrethroid concentrations were more varied. Depending\non when pyrethroid-contaminated sediments were sampled, the bioaccessible pyrethroid concentrations\nshowed first-order loss with half-lives ranging from 3 to 45 d of holding, or slower, linear decreases in concentrations\nup to 14% decrease over 180 d. These findings suggest that at least for some contaminants in sediments,\nholding the sediments prior to bioassays can bias toxicity estimates","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.065","usgsCitation":"Huff Hartz, K.S., Sinche, F.L., Nutile, S.A., Fung, C.Y., Moran, P.W., Van Metre, P.C., Nowell, L.H., Mills, M.A., and Lydy, M.J., 2018, Effect of sample holding time on bioaccessibility and sediment ecotoxicological assessments: Environmental Pollution, v. 242, no. B, p. 2078-2087, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.065.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2078","endPage":"2087","ipdsId":"IP-096498","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"242","issue":"B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huff Hartz, Kara S","contributorId":219211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huff Hartz","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinche, Federico L.","contributorId":218840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinche","given":"Federico","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nutile, Samuel A.","contributorId":218838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nutile","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fung, Courtney Y.","contributorId":218839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fung","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":211144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mills, Marc A.","contributorId":141085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lydy, Michael J","contributorId":219212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lydy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":39970,"text":"Southern Illinios University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70200758,"text":"70200758 - 2018 - Tropical storm-induced landslide potential using combined field monitoring and numerical modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T14:10:54","indexId":"70200758","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-31T14:10:50","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tropical storm-induced landslide potential using combined field monitoring and numerical modeling","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>When heavy rainfall, such as that associated with tropical storms, falls on steep hillsides, shallow landslides are often one of the damaging consequences. To assess landslide potential from heavy rainfall, a strategy of combined numerical simulation and field monitoring of variably saturated hillslope conditions is developed. To test the combined method, hillslope hydrologic data from paired field monitoring sites in western North Carolina are examined. The hydrologic data collected from the field monitoring site where no shallow landslide has occurred is used to identify and calibrate the hydromechanical parameters used in a numerical ground water flow model. The identified parameters are then used to simulate landslide potential at the two hillslopes during heavy rainfall associated with hurricanes Frances and Ivan (HFI) that impacted western North Carolina in 2004. Results identify the timing of instability at the shallow landslide site and show that the stable site remains stable during rainfall associated with the HFI tropical storms. Thus, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of combined numerical modeling and field monitoring to evaluate landslide potential under variably saturated conditions.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineering","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001969","usgsCitation":"Chen, P., Lu, N., Formetta, G., Godt, J.W., and Wayllace, A., 2018, Tropical storm-induced landslide potential using combined field monitoring and numerical modeling: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 144, no. 11, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001969.","productDescription":"Article 05018002; 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-086122","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Mooney Gap","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.591,\n              35.020\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.460,\n              35.020\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.460,\n              35.090\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.591,\n              35.090\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.591,\n              35.020\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a901e4b034bf6a7e4ee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Pan","contributorId":191359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Pan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Ning","contributorId":191360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Formetta, Giuseppe 0000-0002-0252-1462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-1462","contributorId":210296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Formetta","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38100,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wayllace, Alexandra","contributorId":203213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wayllace","given":"Alexandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70200754,"text":"70200754 - 2018 - Climate dictates magnitude of asymmetry in soil depth and hillslope gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T12:41:04","indexId":"70200754","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-31T12:40:25","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate dictates magnitude of asymmetry in soil depth and hillslope gradient","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hillslope asymmetry is often attributed to differential eco‐hydro‐geomorphic processes resulting from aspect‐related differences in insolation. At midlatitudes, polar facing hillslopes are steeper, wetter, have denser vegetation, and deeper soils than their equatorial facing counterparts. We propose that at regional scales, the magnitude in insolation‐driven hillslope asymmetry is sensitive to variations in climate, and investigate the fire‐prone landscapes in southeastern Australia to evaluate this hypothesis. Patterns of asymmetry in soil depth and landform were quantified using soil depth measurements and topographic analysis across a contemporary rainfall gradient. Results show that polar facing hillslopes are steeper, and have greater soil depth, than equatorial facing slopes. Furthermore, we show that the magnitude of this asymmetry varies systematically with aridity index, with a maximum at the transition between water and energy limitation, suggesting a possible long‐term role of climate in hillslope development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2018GL077629","usgsCitation":"Inbar, A., Nyman, P., Rengers, F.K., Lane, P., and Sheridan, G.J., 2018, Climate dictates magnitude of asymmetry in soil depth and hillslope gradient: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 45, no. 13, p. 6514-6522, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077629.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6514","endPage":"6522","ipdsId":"IP-098062","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl077629","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a901e4b034bf6a7e4ee8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inbar, Assaf","contributorId":210294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inbar","given":"Assaf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38098,"text":"School of Ecosystems and Forest Sciences, Univ. of Melbourne, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nyman, Petter","contributorId":187489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nyman","given":"Petter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rengers, Francis K. 0000-0002-1825-0943 frengers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0943","contributorId":150422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengers","given":"Francis","email":"frengers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, Patrick N. J.","contributorId":210292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"Patrick N. J.","affiliations":[{"id":13336,"text":"University of Melbourne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sheridan, Gary J.","contributorId":210293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheridan","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13336,"text":"University of Melbourne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70199146,"text":"ds1096 - 2018 - Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from multiple-well monitoring sites in the Bunker Hill and Yucaipa Groundwater Subbasins, San Bernardino County, California, 1974–2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T14:16:01","indexId":"ds1096","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-31T10:49:21","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1096","title":"Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from multiple-well monitoring sites in the Bunker Hill and Yucaipa Groundwater Subbasins, San Bernardino County, California, 1974–2016","docAbstract":"<p>In 1974, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District, initiated a study to assess the regional groundwater resources in the Bunker Hill Subbasin of the Upper Santa Ana Valley Groundwater Basin in San Bernardino County, California. The study area expanded east into the Yucaipa Subbasin in 1996. This report compiles the geologic (borehole lithology and geophysical logs) and hydrologic (water-quality and water-level) data collected from 1974–2016 for 11 multiple-well monitoring sites (48 individual wells) constructed by the USGS in the Bunker Hill (7 sites) and Yucaipa (4 sites) Groundwater Subbasins. <br></p><p>Approximately 240 water-quality samples from the 11 sites were analyzed for constituents including major and minor ions, nutrients, selected trace elements, organic wastewater compounds (OWCs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides and pesticide degradates, the stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and the radiogenic isotopes of tritium and carbon-14. All environmental data associated with these sites are available on the project web page for the San Bernardino Optimal Basin Management study (<a data-mce-href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/sanbern/\" href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/sanbern/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://ca.water.usgs.gov/sanbern/</a>) and the Yucaipa Valley Hydrogeology study (<a data-mce-href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/yucaipa/\" href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/yucaipa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://ca.water.usgs.gov/yucaipa/</a>). <br></p><p>Quality-assurance blank samples were processed periodically throughout the study and show that approximately 2.4 percent of the analytical results for major and minor ions, trace elements, and nutrients, and 1.5 percent of the results for VOCs fall below the acceptable study reporting limits and therefore are censored.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Mendez, G.O., Anders, R., McPherson, K.R., and Danskin, W.R., 2018, Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from multiple-well monitoring sites in the Bunker Hill and Yucaipa Groundwater Subbasins, San Bernardino County, California, 1974–2016 (ver 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1096, 215 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1096.","productDescription":"viii, 215 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1974-01-01","temporalEnd":"2016-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-077227","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1096/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":359774,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1096/versionHist.txt","size":"3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1096 Version History"},{"id":358989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1096/ds1096_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"25.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1096"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.54547119140624,\n              33.863573814253485\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54022216796875,\n              33.863573814253485\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54022216796875,\n              34.34343606848294\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.54547119140624,\n              34.34343606848294\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.54547119140624,\n              33.863573814253485\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: November 2018; Version 1.0: October 2018","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\">California Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6000 J Street, Placer Hall<br>Sacramento, California 95819</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of Study Area</li><li>Methods</li><li>Geologic, Hydrologic, and Water-Quality Data Collection</li><li>Water-Quality Data Analysis</li><li>Quality Assurance/Quality Control</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-10-31","revisedDate":"2018-11-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c025a6ae4b0815414cc7830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendez, Gregory O. 0000-0002-9955-3726 gomendez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-3726","contributorId":1489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendez","given":"Gregory","email":"gomendez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":744319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, Robert 0000-0002-2363-9072 randers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-9072","contributorId":1210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Robert","email":"randers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, Kelly R. 0000-0002-2340-4142 krmcpher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-4142","contributorId":1376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Kelly","email":"krmcpher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danskin, Wesley R. 0000-0001-8672-5501 wdanskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":1034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"Wesley","email":"wdanskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70199426,"text":"ofr20181151 - 2018 - Using heat as a tracer to determine groundwater seepage in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, April–November, 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:49:32","indexId":"ofr20181151","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-31T09:05:01","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1151","title":"Using heat as a tracer to determine groundwater seepage in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, April–November, 2017","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District, conducted a study to examine water fluxes in two small study areas in the Indian River Lagoon. Vertical arrays of temperature sensors were placed at multiple locations in the lagoon bed to measure temperature time series in the vertical profile. These data at one of the study areas, Eau Gallie, were used in two numerical models, 1DTempPro and VFLUX, to estimate seepage flux rates into the lagoon. 1DTempPro uses an inverse-modeling approach to calibrate groundwater flux to the measured temperature time series. VFLUX isolates the fundamental frequency signal in the temperature data and utilizes the resulting amplitude and phase differences between sensor locations to determine vertical water flux.</p><p>Field measurements were made during two time periods, March 23 to April 28, 2017, and June 1 to November 3, 2017. Simulating the first, drier period at one location with 1DTempPro helped determine reasonable seepage fluctuations and provided guidelines for choosing which temperature sensor pairs used in the VFLUX simulations would produce the best results. VFLUX simulations at eight locations indicated daily average seepage flux rates of less than 20 centimeters per day (cm/d) and substantial seepage flux out to a distance of at least 110 meters from shore. The spatial variation in average seepage flux rates within 40 meters of shore seemed large, ranging from about 3 to 20 cm/d.</p><p>In the VFLUX application using the June 1–November 3, 2017 data, the seepage flux has a higher magnitude and fluctuation than the first simulation period, making the isolation of the fundamental temperature frequency signal in the temperature data difficult. However, useful partial or full simulations were achieved at 6 of the 10 locations. The storm surge of Hurricane Irma on September 10, 2017, changed the depths of the sensors relative to the lagoon bed and disrupted the ability of VFLUX to compute seepage flux for the posthurricane period. The June 1 to November 3, 2017, computed seepage flux rates were higher than those for the March 24 to April 28, 2017, period and were sometimes as great as 40 cm/d, and more than 60 cm/d at one location. The seepage time-series data collected during Hurricane Irma indicates a downward seepage flux as a result of the storm surge, followed by upwelling from precipitation recharge inland. The average seepage flux rates are higher than those during the March–April period and are over 25 cm/d near the coast and about 20 cm/d 130 meters offshore.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., and Prinos, S.T., 2018, Using heat as a tracer to determine groundwater seepage in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, April–November, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1151, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181151.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096716","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358771,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q8JGAO","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Model data sets for 1DTempPro and VFLUX simulation experiments to determine groundwater seepage in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida"},{"id":358770,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1151/ofr20181151.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018–1151"},{"id":358769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1151/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358772,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VM4B41","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Temperature data collected in the Indian River Lagoon to evaluate groundwater seepage, Brevard County, Florida, 2017–2018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Indian River Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.91156005859375,\n              28.10832614221258\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.452880859375,\n              28.10832614221258\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.452880859375,\n              28.84707946871795\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.91156005859375,\n              28.84707946871795\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.91156005859375,\n              28.10832614221258\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a data-mce-href=\"https://www2.usgs.gov/water/caribbeanflorida/index.html\" href=\"https://www2.usgs.gov/water/caribbeanflorida/index.html\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a> <br>U.S. Geological Survey <br>4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108 <br>Lutz, FL 33559</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Estimation of Groundwater Seepage Exchange With Lagoon Surface Water</li><li>Limitations</li><li>Discussion</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-10-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bed4271e4b0b3fc5cf91c7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200728,"text":"70200728 - 2018 - Flooding tolerance of Sagittaria latifolia and Sagittaria rigida under controlled laboratory conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T14:53:01","indexId":"70200728","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-30T14:52:57","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Flooding tolerance of <i>Sagittaria latifolia</i> and <i>Sagittaria rigida</i> under controlled laboratory conditions","title":"Flooding tolerance of Sagittaria latifolia and Sagittaria rigida under controlled laboratory conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pool‐scale growing‐season water‐level reductions (drawdowns) have been implemented on the Upper Mississippi River in an effort to improve fish and wildlife habitat. Aquatic vegetation is a key habitat component, with perennial emergent species, such as&nbsp;</span><i>Sagittaria latifolia</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Sagittaria rigida</i><span>, especially important. River managers have assumed the need for continuous drawdown during the growing season with limited reflooding and used this guidance in assessing the potential for an ecologically successful drawdown. However, information on the effects of growing‐season flooding episodes on survival and growth of&nbsp;</span><i>Sagittaria</i><span>&nbsp;is limited. To assess the flooding tolerance of&nbsp;</span><i>S.&nbsp;latifolia</i><span>and&nbsp;</span><i>S.&nbsp;rigida</i><span>, we evaluated multiple levels of timing, duration, and depth on survival and productivity of plants. Plants were produced from&nbsp;</span><i>S.&nbsp;latifolia</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>S.&nbsp;rigida</i><span>&nbsp;seeds and&nbsp;</span><i>S.&nbsp;latifolia</i><span>&nbsp;tubers; all were reared under moist‐soil or shallow‐flooded rearing conditions. Mortality of plants was low (2%) among plants from large tubers, low (7%) among seedlings (and largely associated with early flooding treatments), and modest (11%) among plants from small tubers (with no clear effects of inundation). Flooding treatments generally had a positive effect on biomass production from seedlings, particularly when treatments occurred early, were relatively shallow, and were short in duration. There were no clear effects of depth, duration, or timing components of flooding treatments on plant biomass arising from tubers. This experiment indicates that&nbsp;</span><i>S.&nbsp;latifolia</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>S.&nbsp;rigida</i><span>&nbsp;are relatively tolerant of flooding events during the growing season and may actually benefit from some level of inundation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3337","usgsCitation":"Kenow, K.P., Gray, B.R., and Lyons, J., 2018, Flooding tolerance of Sagittaria latifolia and Sagittaria rigida under controlled laboratory conditions: River Research and Applications, v. 34, no. 8, p. 1024-1031, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3337.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1024","endPage":"1031","ipdsId":"IP-096529","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Q52NW4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sagittaria flooding tolerance experiment data"},{"id":358976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a902e4b034bf6a7e4eec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenow, Kevin P. 0000-0002-3062-5197 kkenow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-5197","contributorId":3339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"Kevin","email":"kkenow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, James E.","contributorId":198859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199966,"text":"fs20183072 - 2018 - Expectations of Maurepas Swamp response to a river reintroduction, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T14:41:04","indexId":"fs20183072","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-30T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-3072","title":"Expectations of Maurepas Swamp response to a river reintroduction, Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>Mississippi River reintroductions (freshwater diversions) into wetlands previously disconnected from the river have been implemented in southeastern Louisiana as a means to rehabilitate degraded and submerging wetlands. To date, all active Mississippi River reintroductions have targeted marsh habitat. However, a 57 cubic meter per second (2,000 cubic foot per second) river reintroduction is being designed and implemented by the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana to rehabilitate a degraded and submerging swamp forest of approximately 16,583 hectares (40,977 acres) in the Maurepas Swamp; 30 percent of the project area is closed forest canopy, 58 percent is transitional forest, and 12 percent is open canopy wetland (severely degraded forest and open marsh). The goal of this project is to reduce or minimize loss of swamp forest habitat in the project area through reintroduction of Mississippi River water. River reconnection has often been stated as the most critical step necessary to rehabilitate and preserve the integrity of the natural and cultural resources of the Maurepas Swamp ecosystem.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183072","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) of Louisiana","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., Shaffer, G.P., Keim, R.F., Chambers, J.L., Wood, W.B., and Hartley, S.B., 2018, Expectations of Maurepas Swamp response to a river reintroduction, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3072, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183072.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-096758","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358870,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20175036","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5036","linkHelpText":"- Performance Measures for a Mississippi River Reintroduction into the Forested Wetlands of Maurepas Swamp"},{"id":358867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3072/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358868,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3072/fs20183072.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Maurepas Swamp","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.71496963500977,\n              30.130430010985794\n            ],\n            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-90.71496963500977,\n              30.130430010985794\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center-warc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center-warc\">Wetland and Aquatic Research Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>700 Cajundome Blvd.<br>Lafayette, LA 70506</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Expectations</li><li>Summary and Acceptable Ranges</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-10-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a902e4b034bf6a7e4ef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":208512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Gary P.","contributorId":178419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keim, Richard F.","contributorId":191607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keim","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chambers, Jim L.","contributorId":191608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wood, William B.","contributorId":149675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17778,"text":"Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hartley, Stephen B. 0000-0003-1380-2769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-2769","contributorId":208513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartley","given":"Stephen B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70200679,"text":"70200679 - 2018 - Interisland genetic structure of two endangered Hawaiian waterbirds: The Hawaiian Coot and Hawaiian Gallinule","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T13:58:58","indexId":"70200679","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-30T13:57:44","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interisland genetic structure of two endangered Hawaiian waterbirds: The Hawaiian Coot and Hawaiian Gallinule","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most of Hawaii's endemic avifauna are species of conservation concern. Some of Hawaii's endangered waterbirds, however, have increased in number as a result of intensive management of wetlands. To inform these conservation efforts, we examined interisland genetic structure and gene flow within 2 Hawaiian endemic waterbirds, the Hawaiian Coot (</span><i>Fulica alai</i><span>) and the Hawaiian subspecies of the Common Gallinule (</span><i>Gallinula galeata sandvicensis</i><span>), using microsatellite and mitochondrial loci. Hawaiian Coots and Hawaiian Gallinules occupy coastal wetlands and exhibit similar life history characteristics and generation times, although they may differ in dispersal propensity. Mark–resight data for Hawaiian Coot indicate interisland movements, whereas Hawaiian Gallinules are sedentary. Genetic diversity is partitioned across the landscape differently for Hawaiian Coots and Hawaiian Gallinules; patterns of variation are likely influenced by behavioral and ecological mechanisms. Hawaiian Coots exhibit low levels of structure at microsatellite loci (</span><i>F</i><sub>ST</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.029) and high levels of gene flow among islands. Conversely, Hawaiian Gallinules are highly structured across marker types (microsatellite&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><sub>ST</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.205, mtDNA control region&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><sub>ST</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.370, mtDNA ND2&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><sub>ST</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.087), with restricted recent gene flow. Patterns of gene flow have changed after the population declines in the early to mid-1900s. Gene flow estimates indicate historical dispersal from Kauai to Oahu in both species, while recent estimates show individual Hawaiian Coots dispersing from Oahu and restricted gene flow between islands for the Hawaiian Gallinule. Changes in gene flow through time suggest that patterns of dispersal may be an artifact of the availability of habitat, which may be indirectly associated with the synergistic influences of population density and wetland quality. Despite recent population size increases for both species, continued threats to Hawaiian waterbirds (i.e. nonnative mammalian predators and invasive plants, avian disease, altered hydrology, and saltwater inundation of freshwater wetlands) will likely require continued active management to maintain viable populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-18-98.1","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Wilson, R.E., and Underwood, J.G., 2018, Interisland genetic structure of two endangered Hawaiian waterbirds: The Hawaiian Coot and Hawaiian Gallinule: The Condor, v. 120, no. 4, p. 863-873, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-18-98.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"873","ipdsId":"IP-099058","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460825,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-18-98.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74Q7SXC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hawaiian Coot (Fulica alai) and Hawaiian Gallinule (Gallinula galeata sandvicensis) Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Data, 2014-2016, Oahu, Kauai, and Molokai, Hawaii"},{"id":358969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.499267578125,\n              18.760712758499565\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.7314453125,\n              18.760712758499565\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.7314453125,\n              22.370396344320053\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.499267578125,\n              22.370396344320053\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.499267578125,\n              18.760712758499565\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a902e4b034bf6a7e4ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Underwood, Jared G.","contributorId":198606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Underwood","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206274,"text":"70206274 - 2018 - Effects of an extreme flood event on federally endangered Diamond Darter abundances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-29T08:13:31","indexId":"70206274","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-29T08:12:27","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5153,"text":"The American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of an extreme flood event on federally endangered Diamond Darter abundances","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"field-content\">Extreme flood events can substantially affect riverine systems, modifying instream habitat and influencing fish assemblages and densities. Rare species are especially vulnerable to these disturbance events because of their small population size and often reduced phenotypic heterogeneity. In June 2016 the lower Elk River in West Virginia experienced severe flooding, resulting in a peak discharge that exceeded the 0.005 annual exceedance probability (&gt;200 y flood) in the main stem. We obtained pre-flood and postflood population count data and estimated abundances for one cohort of the federally endangered Diamond Darter (<i>Crystallaria cincotta</i>) at 15 sites. While both the total count data and total estimated abundance decreased following the flood, our analyses did not indicate the extreme flood event strongly impacted Diamond Darter abundance. This indicates individuals are able to withstand high velocities and resist displacement or mortality. In addition site-level abundances were estimated at three sentinel sites during 2015 and 2016 using a multinomial<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i>-mixture model that accounted for variation in detectability resulting from water temperature. Mean estimated abundance varied among the three sites and between the 2 y. Our results suggest there is substantial variation in year-class strength between the two cohorts we sampled. It is suggested that survey efforts at established sentinel sites be continued on an annual basis in order to help determine factors influencing year-class strength.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"United States  Department of Agriculture","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-180.1.108","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., 2018, Effects of an extreme flood event on federally endangered Diamond Darter abundances: The American Midland Naturalist, v. 180, p. 108-118, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-180.1.108.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"118","ipdsId":"IP-088254","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":774050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200658,"text":"70200658 - 2018 - River network saturation concept: factors influencing the balance of biogeochemical supply and demand of river networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T14:08:35","indexId":"70200658","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T16:39:28","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River network saturation concept: factors influencing the balance of biogeochemical supply and demand of river networks","docAbstract":"<p><span>River networks modify material transfer from land to ocean. Understanding the factors regulating this function for different gaseous, dissolved, and particulate constituents is critical to quantify the local and global effects of climate and land use change. We propose the River Network Saturation (RNS) concept as a generalization of how river network regulation of material fluxes declines with increasing flows due to imbalances between supply and demand at network scales. River networks have a tendency to become saturated (supply ≫ demand) under higher flow conditions because supplies increase faster than sink processes. However, the flow thresholds under which saturation occurs depends on a variety of factors, including the inherent process rate for a given constituent and the abundance of lentic waters such as lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and fluvial wetlands within the river network. As supply increases, saturation at network scales is initially limited by previously unmet demand in downstream aquatic ecosystems. The RNS concept describes a general tendency of river network function that can be used to compare the fate of different constituents among river networks. New approaches using nested in situ high-frequency sensors and spatially extensive synoptic techniques offer the potential to test the RNS concept in different settings. Better understanding of when and where river networks saturate for different constituents will allow for the extrapolation of aquatic function to broader spatial scales and therefore provide information on the influence of river function on continental element cycles and help identify policy priorities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-018-0488-0","usgsCitation":"Wollheim, W., Bernal, S., Burns, D., Czuba, J., Driscoll, C., Hansen, A., Hensley, R., Hosen, J., Inamdar, S., Kaushall, S., Koenig, L., Lu, Y.H., Marzadri, A., Raymond, P.A., Scott, D., Stewart, R., Vidon, P., and Wohl, E., 2018, River network saturation concept: factors influencing the balance of biogeochemical supply and demand of river networks: Biogeochemistry, v. 141, no. 3, p. 503-521, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0488-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"521","ipdsId":"IP-092249","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99225","text":"External Repository"},{"id":358854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c08f1c6e4b0815414d0bbff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wollheim, W.M.","contributorId":210143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38082,"text":"Univ. of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernal, S.","contributorId":210144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernal","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38083,"text":"Center for Advanced studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":202943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Czuba, J.A.","contributorId":210145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Czuba","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Driscoll, C.T.","contributorId":210146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hansen, A.T.","contributorId":210147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27811,"text":"Univ. of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hensley, R.T.","contributorId":210148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hensley","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38084,"text":"Univ. of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hosen, J.D. 0000-0003-2559-0687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-0687","contributorId":210149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hosen","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[{"id":38085,"text":"Yale Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Inamdar, Shreeram","contributorId":177337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inamdar","given":"Shreeram","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kaushall, S.S.","contributorId":210150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaushall","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38074,"text":"Univ. of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Koenig, L. E.","contributorId":210151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koenig","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[{"id":38082,"text":"Univ. of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lu, Y. H.","contributorId":210159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Marzadri, A.","contributorId":210152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marzadri","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13466,"text":"Univ. of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Raymond, P. A.","contributorId":210153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38085,"text":"Yale Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Scott, D.","contributorId":210154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Stewart, R.J.","contributorId":210155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38082,"text":"Univ. of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Vidon, P.G.","contributorId":210156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vidon","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38086,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wohl, E. 0000-0001-7435-5013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-5013","contributorId":210157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wohl","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13407,"text":"Colorado State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70200657,"text":"70200657 - 2018 - Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T14:09:21","indexId":"70200657","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T16:35:43","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the Anthropocene, watershed chemical transport is increasingly dominated by novel combinations of elements, which are hydrologically linked together as ‘chemical cocktails.’ Chemical cocktails are novel because human activities greatly enhance elemental concentrations and their probability for biogeochemical interactions and shared transport along hydrologic flowpaths. A new chemical cocktail approach advances our ability to: trace contaminant mixtures in watersheds, develop chemical proxies with high-resolution sensor data, and manage multiple water quality problems. We explore the following questions: (1) Can we classify elemental transport in watersheds as chemical cocktails using a new approach? (2) What is the role of climate and land use in enhancing the formation and transport of chemical cocktails in watersheds? To address these questions, we first analyze trends in concentrations of carbon, nutrients, metals, and salts in fresh waters over 100&nbsp;years. Next, we explore how climate and land use enhance the probability of formation of chemical cocktails of carbon, nutrients, metals, and salts. Ultimately, we classify transport of chemical cocktails based on solubility, mobility, reactivity, and dominant phases: (1) sieved chemical cocktails (e.g., particulate forms of nutrients, metals and organic matter); (2) filtered chemical cocktails (e.g., dissolved organic matter and associated metal complexes); (3) chromatographic chemical cocktails (e.g., ions eluted from soil exchange sites); and (4) reactive chemical cocktails (e.g., limiting nutrients and redox sensitive elements). Typically, contaminants are regulated and managed one element at a time, even though combinations of elements interact to influence many water quality problems such as toxicity to life, eutrophication, infrastructure corrosion, and water treatment. A chemical cocktail approach significantly expands evaluations of water quality signatures and impacts beyond single elements to mixtures. High-frequency sensor data (pH, specific conductance, turbidity, etc.) can serve as proxies for chemical cocktails and improve real-time analyses of water quality violations, identify regulatory needs, and track water quality recovery following storms and extreme climate events. Ultimately, a watershed chemical cocktail approach is necessary for effectively co-managing groups of contaminants and provides a more holistic approach for studying, monitoring, and managing water quality in the Anthropocene.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-018-0502-6","usgsCitation":"Kaushal, S., Gold, A.J., Bernal, S., Newcomer Johnson, T., Addy, K., Burgin, A., Burns, D., Coble, A.A., Hood, E.W., Lu, Y., Mayer, P., Minor, E.C., Schroth, A.W., Vidon, P., Wilson, H.F., Xenopolous, M.A., Doody, T., Galella, J.G., Goodling, P., Haviland, K., Haq, S., Wessel, B., Wood, K.L., Jaworski, N., and Belt, K., 2018, Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters: Biogeochemistry, v. 141, no. 3, p. 281-305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0502-6.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"305","ipdsId":"IP-093496","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/407","text":"External Repository"},{"id":358853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c08f1c7e4b0815414d0bc01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaushal, Sujay S.","contributorId":210125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaushal","given":"Sujay S.","affiliations":[{"id":38074,"text":"Univ. of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gold, Arthur J.","contributorId":199002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gold","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernal, Susana","contributorId":210126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernal","given":"Susana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38075,"text":"Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes, Girona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newcomer Johnson, Tammy A.","contributorId":210127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newcomer Johnson","given":"Tammy A.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Addy, Kelly","contributorId":210128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Addy","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38076,"text":"Univ of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burgin, Amy","contributorId":140223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgin","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13420,"text":"Wright State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":202943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coble, Ashley A.","contributorId":210129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coble","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38077,"text":"National Council for Air and Stream Improvement","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hood, Eran W.","contributorId":198165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lu, Yuehan","contributorId":210130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Yuehan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38078,"text":"Univ. of 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Burlington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Vidon, Philippe","contributorId":207314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vidon","given":"Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37519,"text":"SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wilson, Henry F.","contributorId":207310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":24491,"text":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Xenopolous, Marguerite A.","contributorId":210133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xenopolous","given":"Marguerite","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38080,"text":"Trent Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Doody, Thomas","contributorId":210134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doody","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":38074,"text":"Univ. of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Galella, Joseph G.","contributorId":210135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galella","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":38074,"text":"Univ. of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Goodling, Phillip","contributorId":210136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodling","given":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":38074,"text":"Univ. of 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Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Wood, Kelsey L.","contributorId":210140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Kelsey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38074,"text":"Univ. of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Jaworski, Norbert","contributorId":210141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaworski","given":"Norbert","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Belt, Kenneth T.","contributorId":210142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belt","given":"Kenneth T.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}}
,{"id":70200653,"text":"70200653 - 2018 - Systematic variation in evapotranspiration trends and drivers across the Northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:46:00","indexId":"70200653","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T16:30:59","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Systematic variation in evapotranspiration trends and drivers across the Northeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The direction and magnitude of responses of evapotranspiration (ET) to climate change are important to understand, as ET represents a major water and energy flux from terrestrial ecosystems, with consequences that feed back to the climate system. We inferred multidecadal trends in water balance in 11 river basins (1940–2012) and eight smaller watersheds (with records ranging from 18 to 61&nbsp;years in length) in the Northeastern United States. Trends in river basin actual ET (AET) varied across the region, with an apparent latitudinal pattern: AET increased in the cooler northern part of the region (Maine) but decreased in some warmer regions to the southwest (Pennsylvania–Ohio). Of the four small watersheds with records longer than 45&nbsp;years, two fit this geographic pattern in AET trends. The differential effects of the warming climate on AET across the region may indicate different mechanisms of change in more‐ vs. less‐energy‐limited watersheds, even though annual precipitation greatly exceeds potential ET across the entire region. Correlations between AET and time series of temperature and precipitation also indicate differences in limiting factors for AET across the Northeastern U.S. climate gradient. At many sites across the climate gradient, water‐year AET correlated with summer precipitation, implying that water limitation is at least transiently important in some years, whereas correlations with temperature indices were more prominent in northern than southern sites within the region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.13278","usgsCitation":"Vadeboncoeur, M.A., Green, M.B., Asbjornsen, H., Campbell, J.L., Adams, M.B., Boyer, E.W., Burns, D., Fernandez, I.J., Mitchell, M., and Shanley, J.B., 2018, Systematic variation in evapotranspiration trends and drivers across the Northeastern United States: Hydrological Processes, v. 32, no. 23, p. 3547-3560, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13278.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3547","endPage":"3560","ipdsId":"IP-090778","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.30957031249999,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.587890625,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.587890625,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.30957031249999,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.30957031249999,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bed4272e4b0b3fc5cf91c82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A","contributorId":210121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vadeboncoeur","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":38070,"text":"Research Scientist, Earth Systems Research Center, University of NH, Durham NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Mark B.","contributorId":210122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":38071,"text":"Associate Professor, Center for the Environment, Plymouth State University, Plymouth NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asbjornsen, Heidi","contributorId":210123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asbjornsen","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38072,"text":"Associate Professor, Earth Systems Research Center, University of NH, Durham NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, John L.","contributorId":178410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Mary Beth","contributorId":150354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Beth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":202943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fernandez, Ivan J","contributorId":210124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Ivan","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":38073,"text":"Professor, School of Forest Resources and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mitchell, Myron J","contributorId":178412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Myron J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70200647,"text":"70200647 - 2018 - Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:37:23","indexId":"70200647","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T10:37:20","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory","docAbstract":"<p><span>Little is known about how design and testing methodologies affect the macroinvertebrate communities that are held captive in mesocosms. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 32‐d test to determine how seeded invertebrate communities changed once removed from the natural stream and introduced to the laboratory. We evaluated larvae survival and adult emergence in controls from 4 subsequent studies, as well as corresponding within‐river community changes. The experimental streams maintained about 80% of the invertebrates that originally colonized the introduced substrates. Many macroinvertebrate populations experienced changes in numbers through time, suggesting that these taxa are unlikely to maintain static populations throughout studies. For example, some taxa (Tanytarsini, Simuliidae,&nbsp;</span><i>Cinygmula</i><span>&nbsp;sp.) increased in number, grew (Simuliidae), and possibly recruited new individuals (Baetidae) as larvae, while several also completed other life history events (pupation and emergence) during the 30‐ to 32‐d studies. Midges and mayflies dominated emergence, further supporting the idea that conditions are conducive for many taxa to complete their life cycles while held captive in the experimental streams. However, plecopterans were sensitive to temperature changes &gt;2 °C between river and laboratory. Thus, this experimental stream testing approach can support diverse larval macroinvertebrate communities for durations consistent with some chronic criterion development and life cycle assessments (i.e., 30 d). The changes in communities held captive in the experimental streams were mostly consistent with the parallel changes observed from in situ river samples, indicating that mesocosm results are reasonably representative of real river insect communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.4237","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T., Rogers, H., Miller, J.L., Mebane, C.A., and Balistrieri, L.S., 2018, Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2820-2834, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4237.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2820","endPage":"2834","ipdsId":"IP-087494","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KP80NB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for manuscript, \"understanding the container effect on invertebrate communities: implications for the design of mesocosm experiments\""},{"id":358839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a914e4b034bf6a7e4f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Holly hrogers@usgs.gov","contributorId":174358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Holly","email":"hrogers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Janet L. 0000-0002-2292-5501","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2292-5501","contributorId":210105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70200646,"text":"70200646 - 2018 - Timing and genesis of ore formation in the Qarachilar Cu-Mo-Au deposit, Ahar-Arasbaran metallogenic zone, NW Iran: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, O–S isotopes and Re–Os geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:33:21","indexId":"70200646","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T10:33:17","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing and genesis of ore formation in the Qarachilar Cu-Mo-Au deposit, Ahar-Arasbaran metallogenic zone, NW Iran: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, O–S isotopes and Re–Os geochronology","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the Qarachilar Cu-Mo-Au deposit of the Ahar–Arasbaran metallogenic zone (AAMZ), northwest Iran, mineralization occurs as three quartz-sulfide veins that cut granodiorite-quartz monzodiorite rocks of the Qaradagh batholith (QDB). Ore formation can be divided into three stages, with chalcopyrite, molybdenite, and gold-bearing pyrite appearing mainly in the first two stages. The main wall-rock alteration is silicification, and intermediate argillic, carbonate, and propylitic alteration. Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates trapping of medium- to high-salinity (9.2–55 wt% NaCl equiv.) fluids at Qarachilar. Fluid inclusion trapping conditions are estimated to be 190 °C–530 °C and 0.1–3 kbar. The variable phase ratios as well as spatial coexisting of liquid- and vapor-rich two-phase and halite-bearing multiphase fluid inclusions homogenizing over the same temperatures are consistent with fluid boiling during&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about ore\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/ore\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/ore\">ore</a>&nbsp;formation. Obtained δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>H2O</sub><span>&nbsp;values of quartz from ore-stage veins are +5.7‰ to +9.7‰, signifying that the ore–fluid system was predominantly magmatic water. The average calculated δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S</span><sub>H2S</sub><span>&nbsp;values are 1 ± 1‰ for pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite, consistent with a magmatic source for sulfur. Combined, the fluid inclusion and stable isotope data indicate that the ore-forming fluids at Qarachilar were magmatic in origin and were subsequently cooled and diluted by meteoric water. Fluid boiling and mixing facilitated hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. Molybdenite Re–Os dating shows that mineralization occurred at 42.35 ± 0.16 Ma, coincident with formation of porphyry Cu-Mo mineralization at Agarak deposit, and Hanqasar, Aygedzor and Dastakert prospects in the Lesser Caucasus. However, Qarachilar is older than all porphyry Cu-Mo mineralization in the AAMZ and Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), which suggests that collision between Arabia and Eurasia were oblique and thus diachronous. Our data suggest that mineralization at Qarachilar is related to collisional Eocene magmatic–hydrothermal activity related to Neo-Tethys subduction, and shares a number of similarities with the vein-type Cu-Mo-Au mineralization related to Cu-Mo porphyries.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.10.007","usgsCitation":"Kouhestani, H., Mokhtari, M.A., Chang, Z., Stein, H.J., and Johnson, C.A., 2018, Timing and genesis of ore formation in the Qarachilar Cu-Mo-Au deposit, Ahar-Arasbaran metallogenic zone, NW Iran: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, O–S isotopes and Re–Os geochronology: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 102, p. 757-775, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.10.007.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"775","ipdsId":"IP-101123","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              46,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              48,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              48,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              46,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              46,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a915e4b034bf6a7e4f61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kouhestani, Hossein","contributorId":201391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouhestani","given":"Hossein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mokhtari, Mir Ali Asghar 0000-0002-5359-416X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-416X","contributorId":210106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mokhtari","given":"Mir","email":"","middleInitial":"Ali Asghar","affiliations":[{"id":38068,"text":"University of Zanjan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Zhaoshan","contributorId":201393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Zhaoshan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stein, Holly J. 0000-0002-9709-7165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-7165","contributorId":210107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":749843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70199372,"text":"sir20185124 - 2018 - Concentrations of nutrients at the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of manure, Whatcom County, Washington, autumn 2011–spring 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T12:54:27","indexId":"sir20185124","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T08:39:48","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5124","title":"Concentrations of nutrients at the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of manure, Whatcom County, Washington, autumn 2011–spring 2015","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Whatcom Conservation District (WCD), collected groundwater-quality data for roughly 3 years (October 2011–May 2015) from near the water table beneath forage fields receiving regular seasonal applications of liquid dairy manure in Whatcom County, Washington. The work was done as part of an evaluation of WCD’s prototypical Application Risk Management (ARM) decision support system. The ARM system uses a combination of field-specific hydrology, stage of crop-growth, manure management practices, soil conditions, and precipitation forecast to evaluate the timing of manure application via a set of decision support tools (Manure Spreading Advisory, ARM Worksheet, manure application setback distances) in order to reduce the risk of contamination of surface water and groundwater. The ARM system’s effectiveness in reducing leaching of nitrate to groundwater was evaluated by monitoring nitrate concentrations in recently recharged groundwater beneath paired test plots receiving manure application scheduled using either conventional (CON) manure scheduling procedures, which utilize fixed start and end dates for manure application along with projected crop nutrient requirements or ARM manure scheduling procedures using an approach to manure application timing based on projected crop nutrient needs, field conditions, and weather forecast. Water-quality samples from the surface of the water table were collected synoptically from paired test plots (2–5 monitoring wells per test plot) at approximately monthly intervals at three different dairy field sites. Water-quality samples from near the water table were isolated from the underlying aquifer using a combination of an inflatable packer and a fine-grained sand pack encompassing the well-screen interval.</p><p class=\"p1\">Concentrations of nitrate and chloride measured at the water table beneath test plots were highly variable. Concentrations of nitrate ranged from non-detectable to 116 milligrams nitrogen per liter (mg-N/L), and chloride ranged from 1.15 to 153 mg/L. In each test plot, seasonal variations were much greater than spatial variations. Differences in nitrate concentrations in groundwater between the two treatments were inconclusive. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater at paired treatment plots (Mann Whitney, p&lt;0.05) were significantly lower beneath the ARM treatment plot at site B, yet significantly higher beneath the ARM treatment plot at site C. Nitrate concentrations in ground water varied significantly among individual wells at each site (Kruskal-Wallis, p&lt;0.05), indicating that leaching of nitrates from soil following manure application is spatially variable at the field scale tested regardless of manure application strategy. At all three paired test plots, average concentrations of nitrate and chloride at the water table were lowest near the end of the growing season (September) and increased rapidly with the onset of autumn rains (October–December). Under both the conventional (calendar-based) and treatment (ARM-based) manure application scheduling systems, high soil nitrate concentrations in autumn were coincident with rising groundwater levels, suggesting that nitrate and chloride were flushed from soil to groundwater by recharge from the seasonal rains. Under both treatments, concentrations of nitrate in shallow (10–25 feet) groundwater beneath forage fields receiving manure applications were greater than the nitrate drinking water standard of 10 mg-N/L in approximately 85 percent of samples. Yearly mass loading of nitrogen to the groundwater system calculated from nitrate concentrations at the water table and estimates of recharge volume ranged from 86 to 196 pounds-N per acre, which was equivalent to approximately 16–37 percent of the recommended manure application rate for projected forage production yield of 7 dry tons per acre per year. Manure nitrogen applied in the autumn, when crop nutrient needs decrease due to reduced sunlight and cooler temperatures and commensurate with ongoing mineralization of soil organic-nitrogen and increased seasonal precipitation, are more likely to exceed the immediate plant nutritional requirements and hence be flushed to groundwater than manure applications occurring near the peak of the growing season.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Whatcom Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Cox, S.E., Spanjer, A.R., Huffman, R.L., Black, R.W., Barbash, J.E., and Embertson, N.M., 2018, Concentrations of nutrients at the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of manure, Whatcom County, Washington, autumn 2011–spring 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5124, 41 p.,\nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185124.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 41 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092676","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437710,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7D50K3F","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Concentration of nitrate and other water-quality constituents in groundwater from the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of dairy manure, Whatcom County, Washington (2015)"},{"id":358358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5124/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358359,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5124/sir20185124.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5124"},{"id":358360,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7D50K3F","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Realase","linkHelpText":"Concentration of nitrate and other water-quality constituents in groundwater from the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of dairy manure, Whatcom County, Washington (2015)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Whatcom County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.48554229736328,\n              48.90286905393369\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21260070800781,\n              48.90286905393369\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21260070800781,\n              48.99711382864934\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48554229736328,\n              48.99711382864934\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48554229736328,\n              48.90286905393369\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_wa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_wa@usgs.gov\">Director</a> <a href=\"https://wa.water.usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://wa.water.usgs.gov\">Washington Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>934 Broadway, Suite 300<br>Tacoma, Washington 98402</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of Study Area</li><li>Methods</li><li>Variation of Water-Level Altitude and Nutrient Concentration at the Water Table</li><li>Summary</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-10-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a915e4b034bf6a7e4f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Stephen E. 0000-0001-6614-8225 secox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-8225","contributorId":1642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Stephen","email":"secox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spanjer, Andrew R. 0000-0002-7288-2722 aspanjer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-2722","contributorId":156271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanjer","given":"Andrew","email":"aspanjer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, Raegan L. 0000-0001-8523-5439 rhuffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-5439","contributorId":1638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Raegan","email":"rhuffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Black, Robert W. 0000-0002-4748-8213 rwblack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8213","contributorId":1820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"rwblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barbash, Jack E. 0000-0001-9854-8880 jbarbash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8880","contributorId":1003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"Jack","email":"jbarbash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Embertson, Nichole M.","contributorId":209645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Embertson","given":"Nichole","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37648,"text":"Whatcom Conservation District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70200596,"text":"70200596 - 2018 - Upstream migration and spawning success of Chinook salmon in a highly developed, seasonally warm river system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T14:53:05","indexId":"70200596","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T11:59:42","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5040,"text":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","onlineIssn":"2330-8257","printIssn":"2330-8249","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upstream migration and spawning success of Chinook salmon in a highly developed, seasonally warm river system","docAbstract":"<p><span>This review summarizes what is known about the influence of water temperature and velocity on the migration and spawning success of an inland population of Chinook salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>. Models are then developed and used to illustrate how migration and spawning success might change if temperatures and velocities increase under a future climate. The illustration shows the potential for moderate increases in temperature and velocity to reduce homing and increase energy expenditure. Those two outcomes would reduce the abundance, productivity, and diversity of the population studied. Under the future scenario illustrated, it would become difficult for fish management actions alone to recover conservation-reliant populations of inland Chinook salmon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2018.1477736","usgsCitation":"Connor, W.P., Tiffan, K.F., Chandler, J.A., Rondorf, D.W., Arnsberg, B.D., and Anderson, K.C., 2018, Upstream migration and spawning success of Chinook salmon in a highly developed, seasonally warm river system: Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1-50, https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2018.1477736.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-097181","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2018.1477736","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.87060546874999,\n              42.439674178149424\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.9287109375,\n              42.439674178149424\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.9287109375,\n              48.21003212234042\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.87060546874999,\n              48.21003212234042\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.87060546874999,\n              42.439674178149424\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a916e4b034bf6a7e4f72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID  83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandler, James A.","contributorId":210045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38056,"text":"Idaho Power Company 1221 West Idaho Street, Boise, ID 83702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":749680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arnsberg, Billy D.","contributorId":210047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnsberg","given":"Billy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38057,"text":"Nez Perce Tribe, Department of Fisheries Resources Management, P.O. Box 365, Lapwai, ID 83540","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Kelvin C.","contributorId":210048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kelvin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":38058,"text":"Idaho Power Company, 1221 West Idaho Street, Boise, ID 83702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70249718,"text":"70249718 - 2018 - Satellite remote sensing estimation of river discharge: Application to the Yukon River Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T11:51:50.384966","indexId":"70249718","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T06:48:05","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite remote sensing estimation of river discharge: Application to the Yukon River Alaska","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab010\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"as010\"><p id=\"sp0010\">A methodology based on general hydraulic relations for rivers has been developed to estimate the discharge (flow rate) of rivers using satellite remote sensing observations. The estimates of discharge, flow depth, and flow velocity are derived from remotely observed water surface area, water surface slope, and water surface height, and demonstrated for two reaches of the Yukon River in Alaska, at Eagle (reach length 34.7 km) and near Stevens Village (reach length 38.3 km). The method is based on fundamental equations of hydraulic flow resistance in rivers, including the Manning equation and the Prandtl-von Karman universal velocity distribution equation. The method employs some new hydraulic relations to help define flow resistance and height of the zero flow boundary in the channel. Estimates are made both with and without calibration. The water surface area of the river reach is measured by using a provisional version of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat based product named Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE). The water surface height and slope measurements require a self-consistent datum, and are derived from observations from the Jason-2 satellite altimeter mission. At both reach locations, the Jason-2 radar altimeter non-winter heights consistently tracked the stage recorded at USGS streamgages with a standard deviation of differences (error) during the non-winter periods of less than 7%. Part of the error may be due to differences in the gage and altimeter crossing locations with respect to the range of stage change and the response to changes in discharge at the upstream and downstream locations. For the non-winter periods, the radar derived slope estimates (mean = 0.0003) were constant over the mission lifetime, and in agreement with previously measured USGS water surface slopes and slopes determined from USGS topographic maps. The accuracy of the mean of the uncalibrated daily estimates of discharge varied between reaches, ranging from 13% near Stevens Village (N = 90) to −21% at Eagle (N = 246) based on the absolute error, and 5% to −6% based on the error of the log of the estimates. Calibrating to the mean of USGS daily discharge estimates from the streamflow rating for the same period of record at each streamgage resulted in mean absolute errors ranging from 1% to 2%, and log errors ranging from 1% or less. The error pattern of the estimates shows that without calibration, even though the mean is well simulated, the high and low end values over the range of estimates may have significant bias.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.005","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., Birkett, C.M., Jones, J., Carabajal, C.C., Rover, J., Fulton, J.W., and Garambois, P., 2018, Satellite remote sensing estimation of river discharge: Application to the Yukon River Alaska: Journal of Hydrology, v. 561, p. 1000-1018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.005.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1000","endPage":"1018","ipdsId":"IP-085646","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-02362515","text":"External Repository"},{"id":422090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -141.01012063275317,\n              64.05851086216975\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.01012063275317,\n              67.4123449375727\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8963511015032,\n              67.4123449375727\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8963511015032,\n              64.05851086216975\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.01012063275317,\n              64.05851086216975\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"561","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerklie, David M. 0000-0002-9890-4125 dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-4125","contributorId":3589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"David","email":"dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birkett, Charon M.","contributorId":331162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birkett","given":"Charon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":79138,"text":"University of Maryland ESSIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carabajal, Claudia C.","contributorId":265505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carabajal","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":54699,"text":"SSAI Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rover, Jennifer 0000-0002-3437-4030","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-4030","contributorId":211850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rover","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fulton, John W, 0000-0002-5335-0720","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":213630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","middleInitial":"W,","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garambois, Pierre-Andre","contributorId":331163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garambois","given":"Pierre-Andre","affiliations":[{"id":79140,"text":"ICUBE-UMR 7357, Fluid Mechanucs Team, INSA Strasbourg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70200520,"text":"ofr20181172 - 2018 - Preliminary peak stage and streamflow data for selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging stations in North and South Carolina for flooding following Hurricane Florence, September 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T14:53:44","indexId":"ofr20181172","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-24T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1172","title":"Preliminary peak stage and streamflow data for selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging stations in North and South Carolina for flooding following Hurricane Florence, September 2018","docAbstract":"<p>Hurricane Florence made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, shortly after dawn on September 14, 2018. Once over land, the forward motion of the hurricane slowed to about 2 to 3 miles per hour. Over the next several days, the hurricane delivered historic amounts of rainfall across North and South Carolina, causing substantial flooding in many communities across both States. For the Hurricane Florence event, a new record rainfall total of 35.93 inches was set in Elizabethtown, N.C. Many other locations throughout North Carolina set new records for rainfall, exceeding the previous State record for rainfall from a tropical system of 24.06 inches, which was set over a 4-day period in Southport, N.C., during Hurricane Floyd in 1999. In South Carolina, the highest reported total rainfall of 23.63 inches was in Loris, S.C., which was the highest total rainfall in South Carolina from a tropical cyclone, replacing the previous total of 17.45 inches associated with Tropical Storm Beryl in 1994. During the October 2015 flood in South Carolina, a 4-day total rainfall of 26.88 inches was recorded in Mount Pleasant; however, because that total rainfall was a combination of a tropical storm system and another front that was centered over the State, it is not considered the largest rainfall event from a tropical storm.</p><p>Peak streamflow and stage data at 84 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gaging stations (referred to hereafter as streamgages) in North and South Carolina with at least 10 years of systematic record and for which the flooding following Hurricane Florence resulted in a peak in the top 5 for the period of record are included in this report. New peak streamflows of record were recorded at 18 sites in North Carolina and 10 sites in South Carolina. Another 49 streamgages recorded peak streamflows in the top 5 for their record (45 in North Carolina and 4 in South Carolina). Peak streamflow data following Hurricane Florence were not available for three additional streamgages prior to the publication of this report. Of those three streamgages, two recorded a new peak stage of record and one recorded the second highest peak stage of record. An additional four stage-only streamgages having at least 10 years of systematic record also had new peak stages (also referred to as gage height) of record. For 11 of the 28 streamgages for which the September 2018 peak streamflow was the peak of record, the October 2016 peak following Hurricane Matthew was the second largest peak, and for another four streamgages the September 1999 peak following Hurricane Floyd was the second largest peak.</p><p>For the 28 streamgages for which a new peak streamflow of record was recorded, a flood-frequency analysis was done using available systematic record through September 2017 and the peak streamflow from the Hurricane Florence event. Of the 28 streamgages analyzed, the estimated annual exceedance probability for the Hurricane Florence peak streamflow at 9 of the streamgages was less than 0.2 percent, which in terms of recurrence intervals is greater than a 500-year flood event. At three streamgages, the estimated annual exceedance probability was equal to 0.2 percent, and at six streamgages, it was between 0.2 and 1 percent (between a 500- and 100-year recurrence interval, respectively). For the remaining 10 streamgages, the estimated annual exceedance probability was between 1.5 and 7.1 percent, which in terms of recurrence intervals is approximately a 67- to 14-year event, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181172","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T.D., Weaver, J.C., Gotvald, A.J., and Kolb, K.R., 2018, Preliminary peak stage and streamflow data for selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging stations in North and South Carolina for flooding following Hurricane Florence, September 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1172, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181172.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-102355","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\">South Atlantic Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>720 Gracern Road<br>Columbia, SC 29210</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>General Weather Conditions and Precipitation Causing the September 2018 Flooding</li><li>Methods</li><li>Peak Streamflows and Stages</li><li>Estimated Magnitudes and Flood Exceedance Probabilities of Peak Streamflows</li><li>Comparison to Past Floods</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-10-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a916e4b034bf6a7e4f79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":205647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis 0000-0001-7068-5445 jcweaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-5445","contributorId":2229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J.","email":"jcweaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Curtis","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolb, Katharine 0000-0002-1663-1662 kkolb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-1662","contributorId":5537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"Katharine","email":"kkolb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70203085,"text":"70203085 - 2018 - Susceptibility of Nanophyetus salmincola cercariae to formalin, hydrogen peroxide, and seawater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-18T16:02:04","indexId":"70203085","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-24T15:59:49","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Susceptibility of <i>Nanophyetus salmincola </i>cercariae to formalin, hydrogen peroxide, and seawater","title":"Susceptibility of Nanophyetus salmincola cercariae to formalin, hydrogen peroxide, and seawater","docAbstract":"The ability of formalin, PEROX‐AID (hydrogen peroxide), and seawater to kill waterborne Nanophyetus salmincola cercariae was evaluated in vitro. Newly emerged cercariae survived for extended periods in freshwater, with 53–73% survival occurring in negative control groups after 24 h. Exposure to dilutions of formalin reduced this survival time, with 0% of cercariae surviving after 30 min in 450 μL/L, 40 min in 225 μL/L, and 300 min in 113 μL/L. Exposure to PEROX‐AID (hydrogen peroxide) for 1 h resulted in reduced cercarial survival (16.4%) only at the highest concentration (100 μL/L), compared with 100% survival in the untreated controls and all lesser concentrations. Exposure to dilutions of seawater resulted in reduced cercarial survival only at high salinities (15.2–30.3‰), where 10‐min exposures resulted in 0–20% survival. These results provide insights into options for prophylactic water treatment at salmonid enhancement facilities that experience high mortalities due to infections with Nanophyetus salmincola. Further, the intolerance of live cercariae to high salinities indicates that exposure to fish occurs primarily in the freshwater portions of watersheds.","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/aah.10050","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., Besijn, B., Mackenzie, A., and Wilmot, M., 2018, Susceptibility of Nanophyetus salmincola cercariae to formalin, hydrogen peroxide, and seawater: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 31, no. 1, p. 56-60, https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10050.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092806","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78051W2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Survival of Nanophyetus salmonicola cercariae after exposure to formalin, hydrogen peroxide and seawater"},{"id":363054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, Paul","contributorId":214893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Besijn, Bonnie 0000-0001-9939-9768 bbesijn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-9768","contributorId":214894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besijn","given":"Bonnie","email":"bbesijn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mackenzie, Ashley","contributorId":214895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackenzie","given":"Ashley","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilmot, Mallory","contributorId":214896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"Mallory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70199347,"text":"sir20185120 - 2018 - Preliminary investigation of groundwater quality near a Michigan cemetery, 2016–17","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T16:12:19.684541","indexId":"sir20185120","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-24T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5120","title":"Preliminary investigation of groundwater quality near a Michigan cemetery, 2016–17","docAbstract":"<p>The potential effect of cemetery leachate on groundwater quality in the United States has rarely been studied. Nutrients and other constituents associated with decomposition and burial processes (such as embalming) have the potential to reach shallow groundwater and could affect nearby drinking-water sources. The objective of this preliminary investigation was to evaluate the potential effect of cemetery leachate on shallow groundwater quality near Mt. Hope Cemetery in Ingham County, Lansing, Michigan, which is within the Well-head Protection Area for the City of Lansing. The constituents measured in this study include nutrients, trace metals, formaldehyde, fecal indicator bacteria, bacterial pathogen genes, contaminants of emerging concern (including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and wastewater indicator compounds), and age-dating compounds. Three monitoring wells were installed 7 to 12 feet below land surface downgradient from the cemetery and sampled quarterly for 1 year.&nbsp; A fourth well (Fenner) was sampled to determine groundwater conditions outside the potential effects of cemetery leachate; samples from this well were collected near the water table.</p><p>Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were present at higher concentrations in two of the three monitoring wells (wells C1 and C3) than in the Fenner well. Formaldehyde and pharmaceuticals were not detected in any of the wells; however, several trace metals, including arsenic, manganese, and aluminum, were present in high concentrations, with arsenic concentrations typically exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking-water standard. Several wastewater indicator compounds, including atrazine, phenol, p-cresol, camphor, and skatole, were detected in the monitoring wells. Microbial data indicate the presence of staphylococci, enterococci, and<i> Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i>, with the highest concentrations being measured in the same two monitoring wells that exhibited elevated concentrations of nutrients in the groundwater (wells C1 and C3). Several bacterial pathogen genes were detected, including several <i>Enterococcus</i> species (spp.)—<i>vanB</i> (vancomycin-resistant enterococci), shiga-toxin-producing <i>E. coli</i> genes (including <i>eaeA</i> [attachment virulence trait] and <i>stx1</i> [moderate toxin]), and the <i>E. coli</i> 16s ribosomal RNA (rDNA) gene ( <i>E. coli </i> species marker). These results were similar to results of studies conducted in Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom, in which concentrations of bacteria, metals, and nutrients were elevated in groundwater near cemeteries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lansing Board of Water and Light and the Lansing Wellhead Protection Team","usgsCitation":"Brennan, A.K., Givens, C.E., Prokopec, J.G., and Hoard, C.J., 2018, Preliminary investigation of groundwater quality near a Michigan cemetery, 2016–17: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5120, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185120.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-096238","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358631,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5120/sir20185120.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.8 MB","description":"SIR 2018-5120"},{"id":358630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5120/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.52966690063477,\n              42.70460970722399\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.51863765716553,\n              42.70460970722399\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.51863765716553,\n              42.711862740860546\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.52966690063477,\n              42.711862740860546\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.52966690063477,\n              42.70460970722399\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://mi.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://mi.water.usgs.gov/\">Upper Midwest Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5<br>Lansing, MI 48911</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Approach</li><li>Effect of Cemetery Leachate on Groundwater Quality</li><li>Other Potential Sources of Contaminants to Cemeteries</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-10-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a917e4b034bf6a7e4f86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Angela K. 0000-0001-8066-9115","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-9115","contributorId":207860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Givens, Carrie E. 0000-0003-2543-9610","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2543-9610","contributorId":207861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givens","given":"Carrie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prokopec, Julia G. 0000-0001-5937-2720","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-2720","contributorId":207862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prokopec","given":"Julia G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoard, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2337-506X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-506X","contributorId":207863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70200541,"text":"70200541 - 2018 - Broad-spectrum antiviral JL122 blocks infection and inhibits transmission of aquatic rhabdoviruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T15:34:30","indexId":"70200541","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T15:34:20","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3696,"text":"Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broad-spectrum antiviral JL122 blocks infection and inhibits transmission of aquatic rhabdoviruses","docAbstract":"<p><span>The aquaculture industry is growing rapidly to meet the needs for global protein consumption. Viral diseases in aquaculture are quite challenging due to lack of treatment options as well as limited injection-delivery vaccines, which are costly. Thus, water-immersion&nbsp;antiviral&nbsp;treatments are highly desirable. This study focused on broad-spectrum, light-activated antivirals that target the&nbsp;viral membrane&nbsp;(envelope) of viruses to prevent&nbsp;</span>viral-cell<span>&nbsp;membrane fusion, ultimately blocking viral entry into cells. Of the tested small-molecules, JL122, a new broad-spectrum antiviral previously unexplored against aquatic viruses, blocked infection of three aquatic&nbsp;rhabdoviruses&nbsp;(IHNV, VHSV and SVCV) in&nbsp;cell culture&nbsp;and in two live fish challenge models. Importantly, JL122 inhibited transmission of IHNV from infected to uninfected rainbow trout. Further, the effective antiviral concentrations were not toxic to cells or susceptible fish. These results show promise for JL122 to become an immersion treatment option for outbreaks of aquatic enveloped viral infections.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.009","usgsCitation":"Balmer, B.F., Getchell, R.G., Powers, R., Lee, J., Zhang, T., Jung, M.E., Purcell, M.K., Snekvik, K., and Aguilar, H.C., 2018, Broad-spectrum antiviral JL122 blocks infection and inhibits transmission of aquatic rhabdoviruses: Virology, v. 525, p. 143-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"149","ipdsId":"IP-097428","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10205048","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"525","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a917e4b034bf6a7e4f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balmer, Bethany F.","contributorId":190169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balmer","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Getchell, Rodman G.","contributorId":201129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Getchell","given":"Rodman","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powers, Rachel L. 0000-0001-6901-4361","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6901-4361","contributorId":190182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Rachel L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Jihye","contributorId":190171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Jihye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Tinghu","contributorId":210005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tinghu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jung, Michael E.","contributorId":190174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jung","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. 0000-0003-0154-8433 mpurcell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8433","contributorId":168475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Snekvik, Kevin","contributorId":127574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snekvik","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7057,"text":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State Univeristy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aguilar, Hector C.","contributorId":190175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aguilar","given":"Hector","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70200517,"text":"70200517 - 2018 - Rebuttal to “The case of the Biscayne Bay and aquifer near Miami, Florida: density-driven flow of seawater or gravitationally driven discharge of deep saline groundwater?” by Weyer (Environ Earth Sci 2018, 77:1–16)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:39:05","indexId":"70200517","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T10:38:59","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rebuttal to “The case of the Biscayne Bay and aquifer near Miami, Florida: density-driven flow of seawater or gravitationally driven discharge of deep saline groundwater?” by Weyer (Environ Earth Sci 2018, 77:1–16)","docAbstract":"<p><span>A recent paper by Weyer (Environ Earth Sci 2018, 77:1–16) challenges the widely accepted interpretation of groundwater heads and salinities in the coastal Biscayne aquifer near Miami, Florida, USA. Weyer (2018) suggests that the body of saltwater that underlies fresh groundwater just inland of the coast is not a recirculating wedge of seawater, but results instead from upward migration of deep saline groundwater driven by regional flow. Perhaps more significantly, Weyer (2018) also asserts that established hydrologic theory is fundamentally incorrect with respect to buoyancy. Instead of acting along the direction of gravity (that is, vertically), Weyer (2018) claims, buoyancy acts instead along the direction of the pressure gradient. As a result, Weyer (2018) considers currently available density-dependent groundwater flow and transport modeling codes, and the analyses based on them, to be in error. In this rebuttal, we clarify the inaccuracies in the main points of Weyer’s (2018) paper. First, we explain that Weyer (2018) has misinterpreted observed equivalent freshwater heads in the Biscayne aquifer and that his alternative hypothesis concerning the source of the saltwater does not explain the observed salinities. Then, we review the established theory of buoyancy to identify the problem with Weyer’s (2018) alternative theory. Finally, we present theory and cite successful benchmark simulations to affirm the suitability of currently available codes for modeling density-dependent groundwater flow and transport.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-018-7832-5","usgsCitation":"Provost, A.M., Werner, A.D., Post, V.E., Michael, H.A., and Langevin, C.D., 2018, Rebuttal to “The case of the Biscayne Bay and aquifer near Miami, Florida: density-driven flow of seawater or gravitationally driven discharge of deep saline groundwater?” by Weyer (Environ Earth Sci 2018, 77:1–16): Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 77, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7832-5.","productDescription":"Article 710; 6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-097832","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7832-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a917e4b034bf6a7e4f8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Provost, Alden M. 0000-0002-4443-1107 aprovost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-1107","contributorId":138757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"Alden","email":"aprovost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Adrian D.","contributorId":209967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38040,"text":"College of Science and Engineering, and National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post, Vincent E. A.","contributorId":209968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":38041,"text":"College of Science and Engineering, and National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University; Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, Holly A.","contributorId":190224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70200514,"text":"70200514 - 2018 - The Global food‐energy‐water nexus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:25:17","indexId":"70200514","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T10:24:51","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Global food‐energy‐water nexus","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water availability is a major factor constraining humanity's ability to meet the future food and energy needs of a growing and increasingly affluent human population. Water plays an important role in the production of energy, including renewable energy sources and the extraction of unconventional fossil fuels that are expected to become important players in future energy security. The emergent competition for water between the food and energy systems is increasingly recognized in the concept of the “food‐energy‐water nexus.” The nexus between food and water is made even more complex by the globalization of agriculture and rapid growth in food trade, which results in a massive virtual transfer of water among regions and plays an important role in the food and water security of some regions. This review explores multiple components of the food‐energy‐water nexus and highlights possible approaches that could be used to meet food and energy security with the limited renewable water resources of the planet. Despite clear tensions inherent in meeting the growing and changing demand for food and energy in the 21st century, the inherent linkages among food, water, and energy systems can offer an opportunity for synergistic strategies aimed at resilient food, water, and energy security, such as the circular economy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2017RG000591","usgsCitation":"D’Odorico, P., Frankel Davis, K., Rosa, L., Carr, J., Chiarelli, D., Dell’Angelo, J., Gephart, J., MacDonald, G.K., Seekell, D.A., Suweis, S., and Rulli, M.C., 2018, The Global food‐energy‐water nexus: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 56, no. 3, p. 456-531, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017RG000591.","productDescription":"76 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"531","ipdsId":"IP-092202","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017rg000591","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a918e4b034bf6a7e4f9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Odorico, Paolo","contributorId":209957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Odorico","given":"Paolo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel Davis, Kyle","contributorId":209958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frankel Davis","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosa, Lorenzo","contributorId":209959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosa","given":"Lorenzo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, Joel A. 0000-0002-9164-4156 jcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-4156","contributorId":168645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Joel A.","email":"jcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chiarelli, Davide","contributorId":209960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiarelli","given":"Davide","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38036,"text":"Politecnico di Milano","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dell’Angelo, Jampel","contributorId":209961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dell’Angelo","given":"Jampel","affiliations":[{"id":38037,"text":"VA University, Amsterdam","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gephart, Jessica","contributorId":209962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gephart","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[{"id":38038,"text":"SESYNC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"MacDonald, Graham K.","contributorId":209963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Seekell, David A.","contributorId":209964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seekell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37952,"text":"Umeå University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Suweis, Samir","contributorId":209965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suweis","given":"Samir","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38039,"text":"University of Padova","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rulli, Maria Cristina","contributorId":209966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rulli","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"Cristina","affiliations":[{"id":38036,"text":"Politecnico di Milano","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70200726,"text":"70200726 - 2018 - Integrating encounter theory with decision analysis to evaluate collision risk and determine optimal protection zones for wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-29T09:35:51","indexId":"70200726","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T09:59:35","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating encounter theory with decision analysis to evaluate collision risk and determine optimal protection zones for wildlife","docAbstract":"<p>1.Better understanding human‐wildlife interactions and their links with management can help improve the design of wildlife protection zones. One example is the problem of wildlife collisions with vehicles or human‐built structures (e.g. power lines, wind farms). In fact, collisions between marine wildlife and watercraft are among the major threats faced by several endangered species of marine mammals. Natural resource managers are therefore interested in finding cost‐effective solutions to mitigate these threats.</p><p>2.We combined abundance estimators with encounter rate theory to estimate relative lethal collision risk of the Florida manatee (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i>) from watercraft. We first modeled seasonal abundance of watercraft and manatees using a Bayesian analysis of aerial survey count data. We then modeled relative lethal collision risk in space and across seasons. Finally, we applied decision analysis and Linear Integer Programming to determine the optimal design of speed zones in terms of relative risk to manatees and costs to waterway users. We used a Pareto efficient frontier approach to evaluate the performance of alternative zones, which included additional practical considerations (e.g. spatial aggregation of speed zones) in relation to the optimal zone configurations.</p><p>3.Under the various relationships for probability of death given strike speed that we considered, the current speed zones reduced the relative lethal collision risk by an average of 51.5% to 70% compared to the scenario in which all speed regulations were removed (i.e. the no‐protection scenario). We identified optimal zones and near‐optimal zones with additional management considerations that improved upon the current zones in terms of cost or relative risk.</p><p><i>4.Policy Implications</i>: Our analytical framework combines encounter rate theory and decision analysis to quantify the effectiveness of speed zones protecting manatees while accounting for uncertainty. Our approach can be used to optimize the design of protection zones intended to reduce conflicts between human waterborne activity and marine mammals. This framework could be extended to address many other problems of human‐wildlife interactions, such as the optimal placement of wind farms to minimize collisions with wildlife or the optimal allocation of ranger effort to mitigate poaching threats.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.13290","usgsCitation":"Udell, B., Martin, J., Fletcher, R., Bonneau, M., Edwards, H.H., Gowan, T., Hardy, S.K., Gurarie, E., Calleson, C., and Deutsch, C., 2018, Integrating encounter theory with decision analysis to evaluate collision risk and determine optimal protection zones for wildlife: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 56, no. 5, p. 1050-1062, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13290.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1050","endPage":"1062","ipdsId":"IP-084422","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bee93e4e4b08f163c24a1b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udell, B.J.","contributorId":210251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Udell","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, R.J.","contributorId":210252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonneau, Mathieu","contributorId":150041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonneau","given":"Mathieu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Holly H.","contributorId":66419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gowan, T.","contributorId":210253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gowan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35758,"text":"FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hardy, Stacie K.","contributorId":210254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardy","given":"Stacie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":35758,"text":"FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gurarie, E.","contributorId":210255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gurarie","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38092,"text":"UMD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Calleson, C.S.","contributorId":210257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calleson","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Deutsch, C.J.","contributorId":210256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutsch","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35758,"text":"FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70228110,"text":"70228110 - 2018 - Conservation of black bass diversity: An emerging management paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T21:45:01.451067","indexId":"70228110","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-22T15:39:47","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5686,"text":"Fisheries Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation of black bass diversity: An emerging management paradigm","docAbstract":"Black bass (Micropterus spp.) are quintessential North American sportfishes that support economically valuable fisheries and act as keystone predators within aquatic ecosystems.  Despite their prominence among North American fish fauna, a number of taxonomic designations are unresolved and novel forms continue to be identified within drainages of the southeastern USA.  We review the current understanding of black bass diversity, including distributions, evolutionary histories, and phylogenetic relationships.  We also provide a brief overview of the major paradigms that have been applied to black bass management and highlight an emerging focus on the conservation of black bass diversity.  Black bass diversity is threatened by anthropogenic land- and water-use, fragmentation of fluvial habitats, historic and contemporary stocking of non-native congeners, and climate change.  Successful conservation of black bass diversity requires that management agencies prioritize the protection of native species, forms, and lineages within and across jurisdictional boundaries.  Collaboration among scientists and resource is needed to develop practical ways to ameliorate current problems created by past and present anthropogenic alterations, while also preparing for future challenges like global climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10187","usgsCitation":"Taylor, A.T., Long, J.M., Tringali, M., and Barthel, B.L., 2018, Conservation of black bass diversity: An emerging management paradigm: Fisheries Magazine, v. 44, no. 1, p. 20-36, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10187.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-097666","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Andrew T.","contributorId":274252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tringali, Michael D.","contributorId":274576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tringali","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barthel, Brandon L.","contributorId":274577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barthel","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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